unit 6 db m toy
TRANSCRIPT
Learning Objectives
The learning objectives are to:Understand the role of the instructor in their
students’ digital citizenshipLearn techniques used for designing online
instructionApply technology in online instructionDetermine the role of technology in online
instruction in the future
Digital CitizenshipDigital citizenship is defined as “the quality of habits, actions, consumption patterns that impact the ecology of digital content and communities” (Heick, 2013).
By promoting learning through multimedia instruction, instructors play an important role in their students’ digital citizenship.
Designing Online Instruction
Backward DesignClark and Mayer’s
PrinciplesUniversal Design for
Learning
Backward DesignWhen designing online instruction is designed, it is more effective to consider the goals first. Known as Backward Design, the three stages are, as follows:
“Stage 1: Identify Desired Results
Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Evidence of Learning
Stage 3: Design Learning Experiences & Instruction “
(Instructional Design, n.d.)
If I want to create an effective learning object for Unit 5, Applyingthe Personalization Principle toMultimedia Instruction, I had toconsider the learning outcomes thatI wanted to achieve. The learning outcomes were:
(1) Understand the purpose of the personalization principle(2) Identify the different ways that
personalization principle can be applied(3) Learn how to apply the personalization principle in multimedia instruction
Clark and Mayer’s PrinciplesPeople learn better when the following principles are applied:
• Modality – Animation and narration is more effective than narration and text.
• Redundancy – Narration and text that mirror the narration should not be used together.
• Contiguity – When text is used, it should correspond with the graphics.
• Coherence – Instructors should avoid using irrelevant material.
• Multimedia – Words and pictures should be used rather than words alone.
• Personalization – Conversational style, virtual coaches, and visible authors should be used.
(Clark & Mayer, 2011)
Example: There were many clouds in the sky that
day.
Universal Design“Guideline 1: PerceptionGuideline 2: Language, Mathematical
Expressions, and SymbolsGuideline 3: ComprehensionGuideline 4: Physical ActionGuideline 5: Expression and
CommunicationGuideline 6: Executive FunctionsGuideline 7: Recruiting InterestGuideline 8: Sustaining effort and
persistenceGuideline 9: Self-regulation”
(CAST, 2011)
Example: Students are given the
option to listen to audio recording of
the seminar instead of attending the
video seminar.
LMS
Pros• Students can access the
LMS anytime.• Students can review their
performance on an LMS.• An LMS can be easily
updated.
(Parker, 2014)
Cons• The interface of an LMS is confusing to
students.• Institutions have a limited ability to
implement tools in an LMS.• An LMS is costly for institutions to license.• The implementation of an LMS is complex.
(Black, Beck, Dawson, Jinks, & DiPietro, 2007; Siemens, 2004).
• The content of an LMS cannot be shared outside of the institution.
(Siemens, 2004)
Web 2.0 Tools
Pros• Web 2.0 tools encourage
collaboration among students.
• Web 2.0 tools provide motivation to students.
• Web 2.0 tools improve students’ skills and knowledge.(Kovalik, Kuo, Cummins, Dipzinski, Joseph, & Laskey, 2014)
Cons• Instructors do not know
how to use Web 2.0 tools.• Instructors do not have the
time teach students how to use Web 2.0 tools.
• Institutions are unable to address technical support issues that students may have.(Kovalik et al., 2014)
PLN
Students learn by drawing upon resources that they select themselves (Mott, 2010).
Example: Students can stay updated in the fieldby following Twitter.
Web 3.0 Tools
Web 3.0 tools takes data and obtains meaningfrom it (Morris, 2011).
Example: Web 3.0 tools would be able to let instructors know when their students are notdoing well so they can reach out to them.
mLearning
Students would be able to learn “on the go”with their mobile devices (Crow, Santos,LeBaron, McFadden, & Osborne, 2010).
Example: Students can listen to a missedseminar on their iPods.
Summary
In sum, instructors possess a responsibility to help students become digital citizens. In order to promote learning, instructors should apply Backward Design, Clark and Mayer’s principles, and Universal Design for Learning when designing multimedia instruction. When designing multimedia instruction, instructors should weigh the pros and cons of the LMS and Web 2.0 tools to determine how to use them. In the future, we will likely see PLN, Web 3.0 tools, and mLearning become trends in online instruction.
ReferencesBlack, E.W., Beck, D., Dawson, K., Jinks, S., & DiPietro, M. (2007). The other side of theLMS: Considering implementation and use in the adoption of an LMS in online andblended learning environments. Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice to ImproveLearning, 51(2), 35-39.
CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0. Wakefield, MA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.udlcenter.org/aboutudl/udlguidelines
Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia instruction (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.
Crow, R., Santos, I.M. LeBaron, J., McFadden, A.T. and Osborne, C.F. (2010). Switching gears: Moving from e-learning to m-learning. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 268– 278. Retrieved from http://jolt.merlot.org/vol6no1/crow_0310.htm
References
T Heick. (2013, May 2). The definition of digital citizenship. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://www.teachthought.com/technology/the-definition-of-digital-citzenship/
Instructional Design. (n.d.). Backward design. Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/backward_design.html
Kovalik, C., Kuo, C., Cummins, M., Dipzinski, E., Joseph, P., & Laskey, S. (2014). Implementing web 2.0 tools in the classroom: Four teachers’ accounts. Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 58(5), 90-94.
Morris, R.D. (2011). Web 3.0: Implications for Online Learning. Techtrends: LinkingResearch & Practice To Improve Learning, 55(1), 42-46.
References
Mott, J. (2010). Envisioning the Post-LMS Era: The Open Learning Network. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 33(1).
B Parker (2014, December 29). Top 5 benefits of using a learning management system. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://elearningbrothers.com/top-5-benefits-of-using-a-learning-management-system/
Siemens, G. (2004, November 22). Learning management systems: The wrong place to start learning. Retrieved from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/lms.htm