Unit 5: The New South: The End of Reconstruction

Unit 5: The New South:The End of ReconstructionSS8H7.a Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this periodLesson 1End of Republican Rule in GeorgiaIn 1868, the Republican party gained control of the GA governmentRufus B. Bullock was elected governor; wanted equal rights for African AmericansIn 1870, the Democrats regained control of Georgias governmentBourbon TriumvirateFrom 1872 to 1890Alfred Colquitt, Joseph Brown, and John GordonWanted Georgias economy to be industrialized, not based solely on agricultureThe cotton textile industry grew (production cottonseed oil, cattle feed, and fertilizer)Henry GradyJournalist from Georgia who was called the Spokesman of the New South. promoted industry and crop diversification as a means to help the economy in GeorgiaSpoke about unity and trust between the North and SouthInternational Cotton ExpositionHeld in Atlanta in 1881A fair to bring money to Atlantas cotton textile businessSugar, rice, and tobacco were shown alsoAtlanta became known as the center of the New SouthThomas Watson and the PopulistsA political party formed in GeorgiaUpset b/c they were not prospering due to high railway fees and expensive loansLed by Thomas Watson (became more powerful than the Democrats)Rebecca Latimer FeltonA writer, teacher, and reformerSupporter of womens suffrage, the right to voteHelped women win the right to voteAt age 87, she became the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate in 1922The 1906 Atlanta RiotA string of violent events by whites against African AmericansDozens of African Americans were killed and many more were woundedBegan because of stories of African American men attacking white womenTension increased because of competition between African Americans and whites for jobsWhites were worried that the African American upper class was becoming too powerfulLeo Frank CaseLeo Frank was a Jewish man from Georgia who was lynched by a mob because of anti-Semitism (a belief system against Jewish people)Accused of murdering a young girl employeeThe governor of GA, John Slaton, reviewed Franks case and decided he was innocent

County Unit SystemEstablished in 1917Way of giving votes in primary electionsUnit votes: certain number of votes given to each countyCounties divided in three categories: urban, town, and ruralCounty system was eventually abolishedLesson 2Jim Crow SouthThe 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments increased the rights of African Americans after the Civil War

Jim Crow LawsMandated the segregation of African Americans and whites Plessy v. FergusonHomer Plessy and a railroad company in LouisianaThe court ruled that segregation was not against the Constitution a.k.a. separate but equalDisenfranchisementThe act of denying a person the right to voteAccomplished by poll taxes, property tests, and literacy testsRacial ViolenceRace riots and KKK violenceLesson 3 Civil Rights AdvocatesBooker T. WashingtonA man who was born into slavery, raised during the Reconstruction Period, and was educated in a Freedmens Bureau SchoolHe felt racial equality for blacks would come gradually and for the time being African Americans should embrace and take pride in common jobs such as mechanics and farmingHe delivered a famous speech known as the Atlanta Compromise

Civil Rights AdvocatesW.E.B. Du BoisHe did not agree with accomodationismWas not satisfied with racial equality coming graduallyFounded the Niagara MovementWrote a book called The Souls of Black Folk

Civil Rights AdvocatesJohn and Lugenia Burns HopeBlack educators that played a role in Civil Rights for African AmericansHelped educated Black peopleHe was president of Morehouse College in Atlanta

Civil Rights AdvocatesAlonzo HerndonOwned many barbershops throughout AtlantaOwned the Atlanta Life Insurance CompanyAn entrepreneur and civil rights leader

Lesson 4World War ICauses included ethnic and ideological conflicts, nationalism, and political and economic rivalriesWorld War IEthnic group is a group of people that shares a common and distinctive cultureAn ideology is a system of ideas that guides individuals, social movements, or groups of peopleNationalism is devotion and loyalty to ones own ethnic background or country of originGeorgias Contributions during WWIAmerica declared war on April 6, 1917Over 100,000 Georgian men and women contributed to the Allied victoryGeorgia was a key state for the U.S. militaryGeorgia had more military training camps than any other state in the country (over 12); the largest was Camp Gordon completed in 1917 and was located in Chamblee, GACamp Gordon trained a famous division of soldiers known as the Eighty-second All-American Division**WWI was the first war that used airplanes as weaponsLesson 5Drought and the Great DepressionCotton has always been an important crop in GeorgiaThe boll weevil is a small beetle that puncture cotton buds and destroys the crop; insecticides cannot kill boll weevilsDrought and the Great DepressionDroughts and a combination of exhausted soil from overuse and the boll weevil forced many farmers to leave their farmsThe Great DepressionWhen the economy is at a high point, it is called a peakA low point in the economy is called a troughWhen a trough is extreme, the economy is said to be in a depressionduring times of depression, unemployment is high and people cannot afford many goods and servicesThe Great DepressionWorst depression in the United States occurred in the 1930sThe era preceding the depression is known as the Roaring TwentiesThe Stock Market CrashOctober 29, 1929A.k.a Black TuesdayThe period of over 10 years in which the economy was slow, unemployment was high and everyone suffered in known as the Great DepressionLesson 6Eugene TalmadgeBegan his career as the Commissioner of Agriculture for the state of GeorgiaWas elected as governor of Georgia for 4 terms; died before he could serve the 4th termOverruled state legislature by invoking an executive orderAn executive order is an act by a governor or president that does not have to be approved by legislature

Lesson 7The New DealHerbert Hoover was president at the beginning of the Great DepressionPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt set up a national plan called the New Deal in 1933The New Deal was an attempt at fixing the economyAgricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)The purpose of the act was to raise the price of staple crops by limiting supplyRural Electrification Administration (REA)Created in 1935; signed in 1936Created an agency that provided loans to states; the loans were to improve electric service to rural areas

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)Was a New Deal relief program that created jobs for thousands of young men, most of who were veterans of World War IWorks Progress Administration (WPA)Created in 1935Provided jobs for peopleLargest relief program in U.S. historySocial Security ActPassed by Congress in 1935Provided two social insurance programsThe first was a system of old-age benefits for retiring workers, which would support them monetarily when they could no longer workOffered insurance for the unemployed and disabledThe New DealThe New Deal gave those who suffered the most during the Depression security and power.