the end of the war & reconstruction
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Chapter 11-12 How did the Various reconstruction plans succeed or fail? What was the overall effect of the War on the American People? . The End of the War & Reconstruction. 13 th Amendment . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE END OF THE WAR & RECONSTRUCTION
Chapter 11-121. How did the Various reconstruction plans succeed or fail? 2. What was the overall effect of the War on the American
People?
13th Amendment
As the War began to look dismal for the Confederates they met with Lincoln to discuss peace negotiations
The discussions broke down because Congress with the Support of Lincoln proposed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution Slavery would be abolished in the United States
The South refused to accept a future without slavery
The Amendment was passed in December of 1865
Lee’s Surrender In March of 1865 Grant
laid siege to Petersburg Starving them of supplies
and reinforcements Lee ordered a retreat of
Petersburg in Late March and headed North to meet troops in North Carolina
After struggling with Union forces Lee Surrendered on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House
Lincoln’s Assassination
April 14, 1865 Lincoln was shot while attending a play at Ford Theater
John Wilkes Booth shot him in order to give the South time to regroup and carry on the war effort
Booth was shot and killed during the manhunt for him
4 others were captured and hanged for their part in the plan
Lasting Impact
600,000 Americans died Economic boom continued in the North Land Grant College Act provided money to
build universities to instruct people in agriculture and mechanical arts
The South was slow to recover following the devastation its cities and railroads took
National Government gained more control over states
People began to see themselves as part of a nation not just a state.
Reunifying the Nation
Prior to his assassination Lincoln wanted the Union to be reunited
10% Plan 10% of states registered voters had to swear
allegiance to the Union State would set up a new government State’s constitution had to abolish slavery & provide
education to African Americans State would regain representation in Congress
Lincoln was also willing to grant pardons to Confederates and compensate them for lost property
Opposition
Radical Republicans thought Lincoln was too soft on the Confederates
They advocated full rights and voting privileges to freedman
Wanted to take Confederate lands and give them to freedman
Opposed the 10% plan and passed the Wade Davis Bill Required majority of voters to swear loyalty to union Required guarantee of black equality
Lincoln Vetoed the bill
Freedman’s Bureau
A few weeks before Lincoln’s Death he created the Freedman’s Bureau Designed to reunite families that had
been separated by slavery and war Negotiated fair labor contracts between
former slaves and white land owners Represented African Americans in the
courts
Johnson’s Plan
Required all states to ratify 13th amendment Offered pardons to any confederate that
personally wrote to him and swore allegiance to the Union
Johnson had no sympathy for African American’s despite his requirement for the ratification of the 13th amendment He supported States rights Due to this Black Codes were introduced in the
South Laws that limited the rights of African Americans
Legislature vs. Executive
Congress was angry that the South introduced black codes and continued in prewar activities Refused them their seats upon arrival to
Congress Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Created federal guarantees of civil rights for African Americans in the South
Johnson vetoed this measure For the first time Ever Congress overrode the
veto and passed the Civil Rights Act
Congress Plan
Fourteenth Amendment- Guaranteed equality under the law for all citizens despite race
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Divided the Southern States that had not
been readmitted into military districts Governed by Union Generals Directed how the states would create
their new governments and gain re-entry to the union
Johnson’s Impeachment
Congress had passed the Tenure of Office Act which forced the President to gain Senate approval to fire officials from office
Johnson tried to fire the Secretary of War without permission
Congress filed charges of impeachment Failed to impeach Johnson But showed the checks
and balances did work
15th Amendment
Following the Election of 1868 Republican Leaders felt that by securing the African American vote they would be able to remain in power
In 1869 they passed the 15th Amendment Forbid any state from denying
suffrage on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Ratified with the 14th amendment in 1870
African American Power Following the War some African American’s earned
positions of power Sheriffs, School superintendents, mayors, senators, and
congressmen These men ushered in the Republican party to the south Welcomed men otherwise not welcome in politics prior to
the civil war
Carpetbaggers
Northerners came to the devastated south seeking to build fortunes
They would buy large plots of land and begin farming the land for cotton
Often would invest in industry or railroad construction
Many carpetbaggers would gain political importance as well
Often were resented by southerners
Freedmen Communities
African Americans could for the first time celebrate and legalize marriage
Developed churches, schools, and social communities
Discrimination often limited them to certain areas of cities and jobs
Schools were also segregated in the south leading to literacy problems due to the cost of developing 2 school systems
Southern Economy
Remained agrarian based Many southerners choose one of the 3
Sharecropping Land owner picked a crop, provided seeds and tools
and allowed farmer to live on his land as long as he got a portion of the crop
Share-tenancy Famer picked his own crop and bought his own tools Had more control over his crops
Tenant farming Farmer paid rent to land owner Only useful to those with money management skills
Ku Klux Klan
Many White southerners were disgruntled at the success African Americans were having once they were free
Many formed groups set on terrorizing Africans into subservient roles
Rode in white robes through towns and woods burning churches and schools
Blacks were often murdered
Enforcement Acts
Following the passage of the 15th Amendment racial violence worsened in the south
Congress passed the Enforcement Acts Made it a federal offence to interfere with
a citizens right to vote Invited black politicians to tell Congress of
the hostility faced by African Americans 1,000’s of Ku Klux Klan members were
indicated on charges
End of Reconstruction
Northern support Died off: Other issues such as politics, and the
economy drew their attention away from Reconstruction efforts
Military spending was too much Southern whites gained power
KKK Black Codes
Radical Republicans lose power in Congress