Unit 4

Industrialism and Imperialism

Industrial Revolution Vocab pg.190-200

• Corporation

• Agricultural Revolution

• Patent

• Trade Unions

• Assembly Line

• Partnerships

• Enclosure Movement

• Industrialism

• Mass Production

• Monopoly

• Strikes

• Industrial Capitalism

• Urbanization

• Factory System

• Socialism

Industrial Revolution Vocab

• Corporation – Business that raises money by selling shares, or partial ownership to investors

• Agricultural Revolution – Sweeping changes in farming

• Patent – Exclusive ownership of an invention

• Trade Unions – An association of workers with the same skills

• Assembly Line – The creation of items by multiple workers on a conveyer belt

• Partnerships – Two or more entrepreneurs who invest money in a business for profit

• Enclosure Movement – Fencing off of land to create larger more efficient farms

Industrial Revolution Vocab

• Industrialism – Economic system where machines do work that was once performed by animals or humans

• Mass Production – the ability to create huge quantities of identical goods at cheap prices

• Monopoly – Total control of an industry

• Strikes – The refusal to work to improve wages, benefits, working conditions, and worker rights

• Industrial Capitalism – System of making money based on the mass production of goods that utilize factories and machines

• Urbanization – The movement of people from rural areas to cities

• Factory System – Method of production that brought machines and workers together in one place

• Socialism – Societal (Government) ownership of the means of production (factories, land, capital, raw materials)

I. Pre-Industrial Revolution

A. Feudal Economy – Most Europeans worked and lived in small farming

villages

i. Relied on the medieval and inefficient three-field system

B. Agricultural Revolution in the mid-1700s

i. Enclosure movement – fencing off of common lands to create large farms

ii. Scientific farming methods (crop rotation) and introduction of new crops (Columbian

Exchange – Corn/Potatoes)

iii. New tools like the iron plow and seed drill

Agricultural Revolution effect

Increased European population allows for

more workers for a developing factory

system

II. Industrial Revolution

begins

A. Industrialization in Great Britain

i. Britain has large deposits of natural resources

• Iron

• Coal

• Rivers

II. Industrial Revolution begins

ii. Britain has a helpful political/economic infrastructure

• Banks

• Mercantilism that is transitioning to Capitalism

iii. Britain also has possession of numerous colonies

• Provide cheap raw materials

• Markets to sell industrial goods

II. Industrial

Revolution begins

B. Textiles (clothing) became the first to industrialize

i. Population boom created a demand for clothing but traditional methods of textile making were slow

ii. New inventions sped up spinning, weaving, sewing

iii. Power-driven machines are able to mass produce goods very fast and cheap

iv. Factory owners made huge profits selling massed produce clothing

II. Industrial

Revolution begins

C. Slavery Expands

i. European demand for cotton helps fuel the

expansion of slavery in the colonies

ii. Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin

makes widespread slavery profitable again in

the southern United States

II. Industrial

Revolution begins

D. Factory System

i. Factories were powered and located near rivers

ii. In 1765 James Watt improves the Steam

Engine

iii. Steam Engines produced more power and

allowed factories to be build in cities near

workers

III. Industrial Revolution expands

A. New Industries

i. The Factory System leads to a demand for faster transportation

ii. Roads and Canals were built in England

• Robert Fulton’s steamboat increased the speed of water travel

iii. Greatest improvement to transportation was the steam-powered railroad

i. Railroads were fast, increased profits, and stimulated the iron and coal industries

III. Industrial Revolution expands

B. Steel Industry

i. Henry Bessemer invented a cheap

process for making steel which is

stronger than iron

ii. Steel allowed engineers to design

more powerful machines, taller

buildings, and longer bridges.

IV. International IndustrialismA. Germany industrializes

i. Germany had large supplies of coal and iron

ii. Germany build large networks of railroads, iron, and textile factories

iii. Germany uses industrialization to improve its military.

IV. International

Industrialism

B. United States industrializesi. Southern cotton fuels Northern

textile mills

ii. Post-Civil War U.S. booms as it becomes a leader in railroads, oil, steel, electricity

iii. U.S. Corporations merged to form large companies and monopolies

iv. US becomes a world power

IV. International IndustrialismC. Industrialization in the West

i. From 1700-1900 revolutions in agriculture, industry, transportation, and communication changes Western Europe and the United States

ii. The west emerges as the world leader in economic and military power

iii. Industry also had numerous negative/positive effects on society

• Working conditions

• Standards of Living

IV. International Industrialism

D. Industrialization in the East

i. “Meiji Restoration”

• Commodore Matthew Perry “opens up” Japan to

western investment

• Japanese government becomes a constitutional

monarchy

• Institute a series of reforms to modernize,

government, tax collection, and the military.

• Brought in experts from all over the world to

begin rapid industrialization.