unit 3.matter (1)
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 3:
THE MATTER
length = 30 m
Is the distance between two bodies
We usually use a ruler or a tape measure
• km → kilometres • m → metres • cm → centimetres • others (miles, inches, …)
Can be measured in:
Dimensions: length (l)
Surface area = 200 m2
length
width
= 20 m
= 10 m 20 x 10 = 200
Dimensions: surface (S)
Is space occupied by two dimensions: • length • width
• km2 → square kilometres • m2 → square metres • cm2 → square centimetres • other → square miles
Can be measured in:
width
length
height
Volume = 20 x 10 x 20 = 4000 m3
= 20 m
= 10 m
= 20 m
Is the space occupied by a body
The volume has three dimensions: • length • width • height
Dimensions: volume (V)
Can be measured in:
• km3 → cubic kilometres • m3 → cubic metres • cm3 → cubic centimetres • other → cubic miles
Surface area
length
width
= 20 m
= 10 m 20 x 10 = 200 m2
Volume width
length
height
20 x 10 x 20 = 4000 m3
= 20 m
= 10 m
= 20 m
Length length = 30 m
ONCE AGAIN………
MASS: Is the amount of matter in a body
The blue ball is heavier than the red one, it has more mass
Mass
Units: kg, g, ton, pound, ......
DENSITY: It is how concentrated the mass is
If the yellow and the green balls have the same size, the green ball is denser than the yellow one
Density
Calculation of density
density mass
volume =
500 g 100 cm3
1000 g 100 cm3
d m
= v
1000 g
100 cm3 = = 10 g/cm3
500 g
100 cm3 = = 5 g/cm3
Temperature
TEMPERATURE: Is the amount of heat that a body can give off or absorb
20 ºC 30 ºC 25 ºC
The hottest body gives off heat The colder body absorbs heat from the hotter body The final temperature will be the average of both
0 ºK = - 273 ºC
ºC = (ºF – 32)/1.8
ºF = (1.8 x ºC)/ 32
0 ºC = 273ºK
Temperature scales
100 ºC = 212 ºF
32 ºF = 0 ºC)
CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT KELVIN
The atoms are made up of small particles: o Protons with positive charge o Neutrons without charge o Electrons with negative charge
Neutrons
Protons
Electrons
▫ The nucleus is made up of Neutrons and Protons ▫ The Electrons are turning around the nucleus (crust)
The Atom
▫ In our planet, we can find more than one hundred types of atoms ▫ The most commons are Hydrogen, Oxygen, Iron, Carbon,………………
Main atmospheric molecules
molecular nitrogen
water vapour
carbon dioxide
molecular oxygen
The molecules are made up of atoms, which can be the same or a different type
made up of two atoms of oxygen
made up of two atoms of oxygen
and one of carbon made up of
two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen
made up of two atoms of nitrogen
The Molecule
molecular nitrogen
made up of two atoms of nitrogen
The molecular nitrogen is a chemical element, because all the atoms are the same types
The carbon dioxide is a chemical compound, because there are atoms of two (or more) different elements
carbon dioxide
made up of two atoms of oxygen
and one of carbon
Elements and compounds
Pure and mixed substances
Pure substances:
Mixed substances:
They only have one component (molecule)
They are made up of two or more different components (molecule)
iron
sea water
homogenous mixtures heterogeneous mixtures
granite
pure water
Alloy
Soft drink
Air
Sea water
Solid (metal)
Solid (metal)
Gas Liquid
Gas Gas
Solid Liquid
Solutions > The solutions are homogeneous mixtures > There are different types of solutions
• the matter is made up of small particles • these particles are in constant movement • the particles are linking by attract forces
The characteristics of matter
The three states of matter
solid gas liquid
The particles in a solid don't have any freedom of movement
The particles are farthest apart from each other and its move easily
In a liquid, the particles can do short movements
The solids : • have a fixed shape • have a fixed volume • are difficult to compress
The properties of solids
The properties of liquids
20 litres
20 litres
The liquids : • have no fixed shape • have a relatively fixed volume • are difficult to compress or expanded
The gases : • have no fixed shape or volume • have a low density • can be compressed and expanded easily
The properties of gases
bye, bye, ……..