unit 2: part b 21st century college english: book 1

Unit 2: Part BUnit 2: Part B

21st Century College English: Book 121st Century College English: Book 1

Unit Two: Part BUnit Two: Part B

• Review of Text A

• Text B

• Listening Practice

• Assignment

Revision of Text ARevision of Text A

• ExercisesExercises

• Dictation

• Translation

Filling

Word Replacement

Cloze

1.1. The new approach is truly new The new approach is truly new — — it differs _____ it differs _____ from the old one.from the old one.

entirelyentirely

2.2. I have no _____ to your becoming a teacher if that’s I have no _____ to your becoming a teacher if that’s what you want to be.what you want to be.

objectionobjection

Exercises: FillingExercises: Filling

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. IV, p. 32Ex. IV, p. 32《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. IV, p. 32Ex. IV, p. 32

3.3. No one _____ the theory until 1452, when a No one _____ the theory until 1452, when a revolutionary thinker changed our understanding revolutionary thinker changed our understanding of of the universe.the universe.

challengedchallenged

4.4. The Foreign Language School has now expanded to The Foreign Language School has now expanded to three times its _____ size.three times its _____ size.

originaloriginal


5.5. I agree with you that men and women should be I agree with you that men and women should be equally _____ for bringing up children.equally _____ for bringing up children.

responsibleresponsible

6.6. Now that their children have all begun to work, the Now that their children have all begun to work, the Browns are living in _____ comfort.Browns are living in _____ comfort.

relativerelative


7.7. The marathon (The marathon ( 马拉松马拉松 ) runner had to give up ) runner had to give up _________ because he couldn’t endure the pain in his _ because he couldn’t endure the pain in his stomacstomach.h.

halfwayhalfway

8.8. Everyone looked _____ when Peter challenged the Everyone looked _____ when Peter challenged the professor’s remarks about Hemingway’s writing professor’s remarks about Hemingway’s writing style.style.

startledstartled


9.9. The true mark of leadership is not _____ to The true mark of leadership is not _____ to support support what is popular but to make what is unpopular what is popular but to make what is unpopular popular.popular.

simplysimply

10.10. I was quite startled to see two old men tossing a I was quite startled to see two old men tossing a baseball _____ in the park.baseball _____ in the park.

back and forthback and forth


11.11. He started to sing a popular song of the 1950s and He started to sing a popular song of the 1950s and everyone _____.everyone _____.

joined injoined in

12.12. Christmas is important in Western countries, _____ Christmas is important in Western countries, _____ the Spring Festival is very special to Chinese people.the Spring Festival is very special to Chinese people.

just asjust as


13.13. After the storm, I was disappointed to see that all of After the storm, I was disappointed to see that all of my tomato plants had been _____ by the wind.my tomato plants had been _____ by the wind.

knocked downknocked down

14.14. When the film was being shot on location, so many When the film was being shot on location, so many people stopped to watch that traffic _____.people stopped to watch that traffic _____.

came to a haltcame to a halt


15.15. _____ world population growth could somehow be _____ world population growth could somehow be cut by half, there would still be more than 45 million cut by half, there would still be more than 45 million new mouths to feed next year.new mouths to feed next year.

Even ifEven if

16.16. You’d better buy some new shirts You’d better buy some new shirts — — all your old all your old ones are _____. ones are _____.

fallen apartfallen apart


1.1. The idea is that by being taught math and science The idea is that by being taught math and science in in English, the students will English, the students will unknowinglyunknowingly acquire the language. acquire the language.

unconsciouslyunconsciously

2.2. What did you say in What did you say in replyreply to his suggestion? to his suggestion?

responseresponse

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. V, p. 33Ex. V, p. 33《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. V, p. 33Ex. V, p. 33

Exercises: Words ReplacementExercises: Words Replacement

3.3. Bill said he learned more about Chinese economic Bill said he learned more about Chinese economic development during his most recent trip to Pudong development during his most recent trip to Pudong tthan on his han on his lastlast visit. visit.

previousprevious

4.4. I couldn’t think of anything I couldn’t think of anything properproper to give them as a to give them as a wedding present.wedding present.

suitablesuitable


5.5. Most people tend to believe that Most people tend to believe that ““ the newer, the the newer, the better,better,”” althoughalthough that is not always the case. that is not always the case.

even thougheven though

6.6. They no longer think that those who They no longer think that those who do not agreedo not agree with them are their enemies.with them are their enemies.

disagreedisagree


7.7. The cost of going to college has become a hot The cost of going to college has become a hot subjectsubject now because tuition will increase by about now because tuition will increase by about 10% this fall. 10% this fall.

topictopic

8.8. The hospital is The hospital is askingasking volunteers ( volunteers ( 志愿者志愿者 ) to help o) to help out ut with nursing care. with nursing care.

callingcalling onon


9.9. Having talked over that problem for some time, Having talked over that problem for some time, they they changedchanged their conversation to other matters. their conversation to other matters.

switchedswitched

10.10. A great sports fan, Tom can talk for hours about A great sports fan, Tom can talk for hours about boxing, swimming, bowling, tennis, football, boxing, swimming, bowling, tennis, football, volleyball and volleyball and many other sportsmany other sports. .

and so onand so on


11.11. The museum designers have special covered The museum designers have special covered waiting areas built for the convenience of visitors waiting areas built for the convenience of visitors standing standing in a rowin a row to buy tickets. to buy tickets.

in linein line

12.12. Jump rope is a children’s game in which two Jump rope is a children’s game in which two players players swing a rope and the other players swing a rope and the other players go go one after anotherone after another skipping it. skipping it.

take turnstake turns


When I moved to Japan, I found that others often reacted When I moved to Japan, I found that others often reacted

strangely _____ the way I spoke to them. In time, I came to strangely _____ the way I spoke to them. In time, I came to

understand that Japan and the U.S. are different not just in understand that Japan and the U.S. are different not just in

terms of the language used, but also in terms of _____ terms of the language used, but also in terms of _____

people are expected to talk to each other. Like a game of people are expected to talk to each other. Like a game of

tennis, a Western-style _____ is full of back and _____. tennis, a Western-style _____ is full of back and _____.

Each person reacts to _____ the other one says. Also, there Each person reacts to _____ the other one says. Also, there

is no need to wait around _____ an invitation to speak; it is is no need to wait around _____ an invitation to speak; it is

perfectly OK to jump right _____. Japanese conversations, perfectly OK to jump right _____. Japanese conversations,

_____, are more like bowling. Everyone offers his opinion _____, are more like bowling. Everyone offers his opinion

separately, and there are strict rules for who will speak separately, and there are strict rules for who will speak

_____._____.

toto

howhow

conversationconversation forthforth

forfor

nextnext

whatwhat

ininhoweverhowever

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XI, p. 35Ex. XI, p. 35《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XI, p. 35Ex. XI, p. 35

Exercises: ClozeExercises: Cloze

As I _____ came to understand all of this, I could see why As I _____ came to understand all of this, I could see why

everyone in Japan reacted to me as they did. I also everyone in Japan reacted to me as they did. I also

realized that my English-language students are having a realized that my English-language students are having a

_____ problem. When they speak English in class, they _____ problem. When they speak English in class, they

are _____ holding Japanese-style conversations. Even are _____ holding Japanese-style conversations. Even

though I understand these cultural _____ better now, the though I understand these cultural _____ better now, the

problems created by these different _____ of talking are problems created by these different _____ of talking are

still real. When you’ve been playing one ballgame for still real. When you’ve been playing one ballgame for

your entire life, it is very hard to _____ to another.your entire life, it is very hard to _____ to another.

graduallygradually

similarsimilar

differencesdifferences

stillstill

switchswitch

stylesstyles

Exercises: ClozeExercises: Cloze

DictationDictation

Dictation!Dictation!

You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each

willwill

be read three times. Write down the sentences be read three times. Write down the sentences

according to the dictation.according to the dictation.

1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.

DictationDictation

Key to Dictation:Key to Dictation:

1.1. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling handling the conversation in a Western way.the conversation in a Western way.

2.2. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me.me, or completely disagree with me.

3.3. Whoever is nearest and quickest hits the ball, and if Whoever is nearest and quickest hits the ball, and if you step back, someone else will hit it.you step back, someone else will hit it.

4.4. A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball, it’s like bowling.like tennis or volleyball, it’s like bowling.

5.5. If you have been trained all your life to play one If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, even even if you know the rules. if you know the rules.

Check up your work.Check up your work.

1.1. 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：““美国美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。””

TranslationTranslation

Referring toReferring to the differences between American English the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, Britain are, after allafter all, two different countries.”, two different countries.”

referring toreferring toafter allafter all《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XII, p. 36Ex. XII, p. 36《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XII, p. 36Ex. XII, p. 36

2.2. 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。”兴。”

Prof. Smith encourages his students Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for to think for themselvesthemselves. “I am . “I am just asjust as happy,” he often says, “ happy,” he often says, “even ifeven if you you challengechallenge me or completely disagree with me.” me or completely disagree with me.”


think for themselvesthink for themselves even ifeven ifchallengechallenge just asjust as

3.3. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的 NBANBA 决赛。决赛。

We called on him to take part in our conversation about We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but pop music, but as soon asas soon as he joined in, he introduced a he joined in, he introduced a new topic and new topic and referred toreferred to the NBA finals of the NBA finals of the previous the previous weekweek. .


as soon asas soon as

refer torefer to the previous weekthe previous week

4.4. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。的人。

The driver The driver is responsible foris responsible for this accident. His car this accident. His car knocked downknocked down a tree and a man on his bike. a tree and a man on his bike.


be responsible forbe responsible for knock downknock down

5.5. 自我们的收音机停止生产后，我们已转产移动电话自我们的收音机停止生产后，我们已转产移动电话 (mobile (mobile phonesphones) 。

SinceSince our production of radios our production of radios came to a haltcame to a halt, we have , we have switchedswitched to the production of mobile phones. to the production of mobile phones.


SinceSince come to a haltcome to a halt switchswitch

6.6. 我们最初的计划是在北京游览长城、故宫、颐和园等著名我们最初的计划是在北京游览长城、故宫、颐和园等著名景点。景点。

Our Our originaloriginal plan was to see plan was to see such famous sights assuch famous sights as the the Great Wall, the Palace Museum and the Summer Great Wall, the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace in Beijing. Palace in Beijing.


originaloriginal such famous sights as…such famous sights as…

7.7. 学好一门外语决非易事。尽管我已学了几年英语，我仍然学好一门外语决非易事。尽管我已学了几年英语，我仍然不能有效地用这种语言表达思想。不能有效地用这种语言表达思想。

It’s no simple matter toIt’s no simple matter to learn a foreign language well. learn a foreign language well. Even thoughEven though I have learned English for a few years, I still I have learned English for a few years, I still can’t can’t express myselfexpress myself effectively in the language. effectively in the language.


It’s no simple matter to…It’s no simple matter to…even thougheven though

express oneselfexpress oneself

8.8. 我不要你仅仅同意或不同意我的想法，我需要有人给我我不要你仅仅同意或不同意我的想法，我需要有人给我提忠告，出主意等。提忠告，出主意等。

I don’t want you I don’t want you simplysimply to agree or disagree with me. I to agree or disagree with me. I need someone who can need someone who can give me good advice, ideas, and so give me good advice, ideas, and so onon..


simplysimply

give me good advice, ideas, and so ongive me good advice, ideas, and so on

Text BText B

Text B: Text B: The Power of WordsThe Power of Words

• Language Points

• Related Information

• Comprehension Exercises

The Power of WordsThe Power of Words

Wanda Maureen MillerWanda Maureen Miller

Text BText B

11 You may wonder why you should improve your vocabulary. You You may wonder why you should improve your vocabulary. You may be may be satisfied with it. You can talk, understand other people when satisfied with it. You can talk, understand other people when they talk, and read. Why learn they talk, and read. Why learn fancy words that you won’t use?

22 The main reason for developing a better vocabulary is to receive The main reason for developing a better vocabulary is to receive and and send out thoughts better. Not just words — but ideas that words represent. The person with a good vocabulary is impressive, it’s true. But he or she is also better able to get across and understand complex thoughts.

Text BText B

33 The power of words is so strong that it can even influence the The power of words is so strong that it can even influence the way you see the world. Words not only way you see the world. Words not only reflect your thoughts, in some cases they can also help form them. For example, a certain American Indian tribe does not have separate words in its language for yellow and orange. As a result its members cannot distinguish between the two colors. Their language — or vocabulary — decided what they “see.” Words give you the building blocks with which you think. How many times have you been unable to tell your mechanic what’s wrong with your car because you lack the vocabulary? How accurately can you describe a sunset if your vocabulary only includes words light and dark?

Text BText B

44 However, simple words do not mean a simple mind. Many adults However, simple words do not mean a simple mind. Many adults have mature, complex thoughts. But those thoughts have mature, complex thoughts. But those thoughts come out garbled and too simple because of a small vocabulary. They have no choice but to use the same words to express too many different kinds of thoughts. Result: poor communication. As Mark Twain put it, the difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning. These adults with small vocabularies just cannot express fine shades of meaning. They may have, however, as much depth and insight as their more well-spoken friends.

55 Perhaps the most impressive reason for vocabulary development Perhaps the most impressive reason for vocabulary development is that a good vocabulary and success are is that a good vocabulary and success are synonymous. (If you know t. (If you know that syn means same, nym means word, and ous is an adjective suffix,hat syn means same, nym means word, and ous is an adjective suffix, then you understand the sentence.) then you understand the sentence.)

66 A good vocabulary can be an economic advantage. An institution A good vocabulary can be an economic advantage. An institution for testing people’s attitudes, for testing people’s attitudes, the Human Engineering Laboratory, foun, found that a good vocabulary is the only d that a good vocabulary is the only trait common to successful peoplsuccessful people. The Lab has found that the highest scores on vocabulary tests have. The Lab has found that the highest scores on vocabulary tests have been made by people getting the highest pay. Why? Dr. Johnson O’e been made by people getting the highest pay. Why? Dr. Johnson O’Connor, the Lab’s director, explains it this way: words are “tools of tConnor, the Lab’s director, explains it this way: words are “tools of thought.” It is through words that people grasp the thoughts of others hought.” It is through words that people grasp the thoughts of others and do their own thinking.and do their own thinking.

Text BText B

77 A good vocabulary also means academic success. There is a A good vocabulary also means academic success. There is a direct link between verbal ability and scores on intelligence or direct link between verbal ability and scores on intelligence or achievement tests. Many teachers think that the results of an I.Q. test achievement tests. Many teachers think that the results of an I.Q. test and a vocabulary test will be about the same. And both and a vocabulary test will be about the same. And both predict success.

88 In short, your vocabulary is your power. It determines the shape and size of your world. It tells who you can or cannot talk with. It says what books you can read and which ideas you can understand. It is your main link to other people. And the best thing about vocabulary is that, unlike your height or the shape of your face or your parents income level, it’s something you can easily control and improve.

Text BText B

Text BText B

99 The best way to improve your vocabulary is through reading. The The best way to improve your vocabulary is through reading. The

successful person reads a lot.successful person reads a lot.

1010 We learn nearly all of our active vocabulary through We learn nearly all of our active vocabulary through context, and

usually through context in reading. Words that we learn through their use

in context are much more likely to stay with us than words we memorize

by themselves, as in a list or in a dictionary.

1111 The words we learn through reading will improve not just our The words we learn through reading will improve not just our reading vocabulary but our listening, speaking and writing reading vocabulary but our listening, speaking and writing vocabularies as well. It is these four types of vocabulary that have a vocabularies as well. It is these four types of vocabulary that have a direct direct impact upon our daily lives. They control how well we understand what we hear and read and how well we speak and write. So we can see that vocabulary is so much more than “fancy words you won’t use.” It represents your thoughts. It gives you social, economic, and academic power.

(695 words)(695 words)

Text BText B

Text-related informationText-related information

Popular Singers and English SongsPopular Singers and English Songs

As English is a universal language, popular singers As English is a universal language, popular singers

from different countries, English-speaking or not, are from different countries, English-speaking or not, are

singing English songs to meet the demands of the singing English songs to meet the demands of the

international market. It is English songs that help them international market. It is English songs that help them

establish international popularity, and they help to make establish international popularity, and they help to make

English more universal as well. Here are some examples.English more universal as well. Here are some examples.

U.S.A.

Michael JacksonMichael Jackson

MadonnaMadonna


IrelandIrelandU2U2 Celin DionCelin Dion

CanadaCanada


GermanGerman AsiaAsia

齐秦齐秦Fool’s GardenFool’s Garden


Mark Twain (1835 — 1910)Mark Twain (1835 — 1910)

Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne

Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction. Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction.

Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in

American literature. Twain’s varied works include American literature. Twain’s varied works include

novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and

essays. His writings about the Mississippi River, such as essays. His writings about the Mississippi River, such as

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi,

and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have been and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have been

especially popular among modern readers. (From the especially popular among modern readers. (From the

1998 World Book Encyclopedia)1998 World Book Encyclopedia)


Dr. Johnson O’Connor & the Human Engineering Dr. Johnson O’Connor & the Human Engineering LaboratoryLaboratory

The Johnson O’Connor Research Foundation, Inc. The Johnson O’Connor Research Foundation, Inc.

grew from a testing program begun in 1922 by Mr. grew from a testing program begun in 1922 by Mr.

Johnson O’Connor for the General Electric Company Johnson O’Connor for the General Electric Company

in Massachusetts. Mr. O’Connor, who had graduated in Massachusetts. Mr. O’Connor, who had graduated

from Harvard University, started working at General from Harvard University, started working at General

Electric because he wanted to learn about engineering. Electric because he wanted to learn about engineering.

One of his main projects was trying to find ways to One of his main projects was trying to find ways to

increase efficiency in an effort to reduce overall costs. increase efficiency in an effort to reduce overall costs.


Along with Mr. F.P. Cox, Mr. O’Connor theorized that if Along with Mr. F.P. Cox, Mr. O’Connor theorized that if

people were doing work that was natural to their abilities, people were doing work that was natural to their abilities,

efficiency would increase and employees would be more efficiency would increase and employees would be more

satisfied and productive.satisfied and productive.

In 1939, the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation / In 1939, the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation /

Human Engineering Laboratory, Inc. was incorporated as a Human Engineering Laboratory, Inc. was incorporated as a

nonprofit educational and scientific organization. Since nonprofit educational and scientific organization. Since

then, hundreds of thousands of people have found out about then, hundreds of thousands of people have found out about

their natural abilities and used the information to make their natural abilities and used the information to make

career and educational decisions. The Foundation now has career and educational decisions. The Foundation now has

eleven offices around the United States, as well as a eleven offices around the United States, as well as a

Research Department located in Chicago.Research Department located in Chicago.


As most people who are familiar with the work of the As most people who are familiar with the work of the

Foundation know, O’Connor was passionately interested in Foundation know, O’Connor was passionately interested in

words, and believed that a large English vocabulary was words, and believed that a large English vocabulary was

extremely important in life. As O’Connor expressed it:extremely important in life. As O’Connor expressed it:

An extensive knowledge of the exact meanings of An extensive knowledge of the exact meanings of

English words accompanies outstanding success in this English words accompanies outstanding success in this

country more often than any other single characteristic that country more often than any other single characteristic that

the Human Engineering Laboratory and the Johnson the Human Engineering Laboratory and the Johnson

O'Connor Research Foundation have been able to isolate O'Connor Research Foundation have been able to isolate

and measure.and measure.

Although Johnson O’Connor died in 1973, his work Although Johnson O’Connor died in 1973, his work

endures.endures.


intelligence test & achievement testintelligence test & achievement test

Intelligence tests attempt to predict how well an individual Intelligence tests attempt to predict how well an individual

will perform in a situation requiring intellectual ability. It will perform in a situation requiring intellectual ability. It

usually consists of a standard set of tasks or questions. It usually consists of a standard set of tasks or questions. It

enables a student to demonstrate the skills learned enables a student to demonstrate the skills learned

throughout the individual’s life, both in and out of school. It throughout the individual’s life, both in and out of school. It

does not measure how “bright” a person is. Educators use the does not measure how “bright” a person is. Educators use the

term intelligence simply to describe a person’s ability to solve term intelligence simply to describe a person’s ability to solve

certain kinds of problems typically involved in schoolwork. certain kinds of problems typically involved in schoolwork.


Achievement tests try to measure how much an individual Achievement tests try to measure how much an individual

has learned about a particular subject, rather than the has learned about a particular subject, rather than the

general ability for learning. Schools use achievement tests general ability for learning. Schools use achievement tests

more than any other kind of test. Throughout elementary more than any other kind of test. Throughout elementary

school, high school, and college, most teachers rely on such school, high school, and college, most teachers rely on such

tests when rating a student’s progress. Special achievement tests when rating a student’s progress. Special achievement

tests are used to license people in such professions as law, tests are used to license people in such professions as law,

medicine, and accounting.medicine, and accounting.


4.4. IQ testIQ test

Intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a number used to indicate a Intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a number used to indicate a

person's intelligence. A person’s IQ is based on a comparison person's intelligence. A person’s IQ is based on a comparison

of his or her score on an intelligence test with the scores of of his or her score on an intelligence test with the scores of

others on the same test. others on the same test.

Since 1960, all IQ tests have determined IQ by assigning a Since 1960, all IQ tests have determined IQ by assigning a

value of 100 to the average score of those tested. Then the value of 100 to the average score of those tested. Then the

testers assign values above and below 100 to the other scores, testers assign values above and below 100 to the other scores,

depending on how much above or below average the score is. depending on how much above or below average the score is.


Teachers use IQ scores to help judge whether children are Teachers use IQ scores to help judge whether children are

progressing as well as their ability permits. If a child scores progressing as well as their ability permits. If a child scores

high on IQ tests but does poorly in class, the teacher may try high on IQ tests but does poorly in class, the teacher may try

to determine what circumstances keep the child from to determine what circumstances keep the child from

learning. If a child scores low on IQ tests and is doing poorly learning. If a child scores low on IQ tests and is doing poorly

in class, the teacher may try to separate learning tasks into in class, the teacher may try to separate learning tasks into

smaller or more familiar units. With such help, the child may smaller or more familiar units. With such help, the child may

progress more rapidly. IQ tests can also provide a means of progress more rapidly. IQ tests can also provide a means of

grouping individuals with similar abilities. Classroom grouping individuals with similar abilities. Classroom

instruction can then be adapted to each group of students. instruction can then be adapted to each group of students.

Many school authorities use IQ scores to help determine Many school authorities use IQ scores to help determine

whether to allow a student to be in special courses or whether to allow a student to be in special courses or

programs.programs.

fancyfancy—— brightly colored; made to please the eye or taste; not brightly colored; made to please the eye or taste; not plain or ordinary; unusualplain or ordinary; unusual

Example:Example:

• a fancy restaurant / dress / house / hairstylea fancy restaurant / dress / house / hairstyle

• I walk a lot and so I don’t need shoes that are too fancy.I walk a lot and so I don’t need shoes that are too fancy.

Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usages


send out send out —— give out from itself; emit; expressgive out from itself; emit; express

Example:Example:

• We all know that the sun sends out heat and light.We all know that the sun sends out heat and light.

• The university usually sends out acceptance letters for The university usually sends out acceptance letters for

the fall semester in March.the fall semester in March.


impressiveimpressive—— having a strong effect on sb.having a strong effect on sb.

Example:Example:

• an impressive essay / look / imagean impressive essay / look / image

• His speech was quite impressive to the audience.His speech was quite impressive to the audience.


It’s true. But…It’s true. But…—— This is a structure often used to express a different This is a structure often used to express a different idea.idea.

Example:Example:

• “ “I think GPA is what matters most to students.” “It’s true. I think GPA is what matters most to students.” “It’s true.

But that doesn’t mean you can cheat to get a higher GPA.”But that doesn’t mean you can cheat to get a higher GPA.”

• “ “Things are a bit different in my country.” “It’s true, but Things are a bit different in my country.” “It’s true, but

we’re not in your country, are we?”we’re not in your country, are we?”


get acrossget across—— make (sth.) be understood; make clearmake (sth.) be understood; make clear

Example:Example:

• The teacher used pictures and charts to get across his idea.The teacher used pictures and charts to get across his idea.

• He found it difficult to get his Chinese humor across to an He found it difficult to get his Chinese humor across to an

English audience.English audience.


reflect reflect —— show, express, make clear, or be a sign of; throw back show, express, make clear, or be a sign of; throw back (light, heat, sound, etc.)(light, heat, sound, etc.)

Example:Example:

• This film has faithfully reflected the social reality of This film has faithfully reflected the social reality of

that period.that period.

• His political views are reflected most clearly in the His political views are reflected most clearly in the

book.book.

• The sea reflected back the bright sunlight.The sea reflected back the bright sunlight.


in some cases in some cases —— in some situationsin some situations

Example:Example:

• This kind of virus is very dangerous, and even fatal in This kind of virus is very dangerous, and even fatal in

some cases.some cases.

• Of course, in some cases this does not matter so much Of course, in some cases this does not matter so much

while in others it can be quite serious.while in others it can be quite serious.


as a result as a result —— for that reason; coming or happening as a natural for that reason; coming or happening as a natural consequenceconsequence

Example:Example:

• There was heavy snow in New York. As a result, our There was heavy snow in New York. As a result, our

flight was delayed for two hours.flight was delayed for two hours.

• Reforms are taking place in primary education. As a Reforms are taking place in primary education. As a

result, most students will have less homework than result, most students will have less homework than

before.before.


distinguishdistinguish—— be able to notice and recognize the difference(s) be able to notice and recognize the difference(s) (between two or more people or things)(between two or more people or things)

Example:Example:

• As a journalist, you must learn to distinguish As a journalist, you must learn to distinguish

between facts and rumors.between facts and rumors.

• Could they distinguish right from wrong?Could they distinguish right from wrong?


come outcome out—— (of words, a speech, etc.) be spoken(of words, a speech, etc.) be spoken

Example:Example:

• He added the last words without thinking. They just He added the last words without thinking. They just

came out naturally.came out naturally.

• When the words came out, I knew immediately that When the words came out, I knew immediately that

I shouldn’t have said them.I shouldn’t have said them.


garblegarble—— make (a statement, message, etc.) confused or mixed upmake (a statement, message, etc.) confused or mixed up

Example:Example:

• Because of the translator’s misunderstanding, the Because of the translator’s misunderstanding, the

meaning of the whole passage was garbled.meaning of the whole passage was garbled.

• The drunk garbled his words so badly that we didn’t The drunk garbled his words so badly that we didn’t

know what he wanted.know what he wanted.


have no choice buthave no choice but—— have no other way thanhave no other way than

Example:Example:

• Having lost their way, the couple had no choice but Having lost their way, the couple had no choice but

to stop and wait for someone to pass by and give to stop and wait for someone to pass by and give

them directions.them directions.

• As you have failed twice in the exam, you have no As you have failed twice in the exam, you have no

choice but to learn the course again.choice but to learn the course again.


insightinsight—— deep understanding; the ability to see into the true deep understanding; the ability to see into the true nature of sth.nature of sth.

Example:Example:

• I took a class to gain more insight into the art of I took a class to gain more insight into the art of

painting.painting.

• My wise grandmother has a great amount of insight.My wise grandmother has a great amount of insight.


synonymoussynonymous—— having the same meaninghaving the same meaning

Example:Example:

• Carpet and rug are often synonymous.Carpet and rug are often synonymous.

• She seems to think that being poor is synonymous She seems to think that being poor is synonymous

with being lazy.with being lazy.

• The hotel’s name is synonymous with good service.The hotel’s name is synonymous with good service.


traittrait—— element in sb.’s personality; distinguishing element in sb.’s personality; distinguishing characteristiccharacteristic

Example:Example:

• a family trait / a personal traita family trait / a personal trait

• Two traits in the American character are generosity Two traits in the American character are generosity

and energy.and energy.


common tocommon to—— largely shared bylargely shared by

Example:Example:

• The desire to succeed is common to both children The desire to succeed is common to both children

and adults.and adults.

• Arrangements of this kind are a feature common to Arrangements of this kind are a feature common to

most hospitals.most hospitals.


predictpredict—— say in advance that (sth.) will happensay in advance that (sth.) will happen

Example:Example:

• The weather forecast predicts rain for tomorrow.The weather forecast predicts rain for tomorrow.

• One’s fate is hard to predict. One’s fate is hard to predict.

• Economists are predicting a fall in interest rates.Economists are predicting a fall in interest rates.


in shortin short— — in a few words; brieflyin a few words; briefly

Example:Example:

• First, half of those who signed up didn’t show up. First, half of those who signed up didn’t show up.

Secondly, some didn’t know they should take their Secondly, some didn’t know they should take their

own lunch. In short, the picnic was almost a total own lunch. In short, the picnic was almost a total

failure.failure.

• Things couldn’t be worse, financially: in short, Things couldn’t be worse, financially: in short,

we’re bankrupt.we’re bankrupt.


context context — — words that come before and after a word, phrase, words that come before and after a word, phrase, statement, etc., helping to show what its meaning isstatement, etc., helping to show what its meaning is

Example:Example:

• Try to guess the meaning of an unknown word from Try to guess the meaning of an unknown word from

its context.its context.

• The reporter took the mayor’s quote out of context The reporter took the mayor’s quote out of context

and changed his meaning completely.and changed his meaning completely.


impact impact — — powerful effect or influencepowerful effect or influence

Example:Example:

• Shakespeare made a notable impact on English Shakespeare made a notable impact on English

literature. literature.

• The social and political impact of this movement is The social and political impact of this movement is

yet to be seen.yet to be seen.

Recognizing Main IdeasRecognizing Main Ideas

1. This article is mainly concerned with _____ .

a. ____ ways to develop one’s vocabulary

b. ____ reasons why we should improve our vocabulary

c. ____ the relationship between words and thoughts

d. ____ what impressive vocabulary successful people usually have

Comprehension ExercisesComprehension Exercises

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. A, p. 42Ex. A, p. 42《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. A, p. 42Ex. A, p. 42

√

2. Which of the following statements best expresses the main

idea of this article?

a. ____ One’s vocabulary can affect the way he or she “sees” the

world.

b. ____ A good vocabulary is the trait common to successful people.

c. ____ A good vocabulary brings you social, economic and

academic

benefits.

d. ____ Your vocabulary will ultimately decide the size and shape of

your world.

√


Recognizing Main IdeasRecognizing Main Ideas

1. According to the author, words are powerful in that _____ .

a. ____ they enable people to understand others thoughts properly

b. ____ they help people express their thoughts in an impressive way

c. ____ they play a decisive role in obtaining both academic and

professional success

d. ____ All of the above.√


Comprehension CheckComprehension Check

2. All the following are true EXCEPT that .

a. ____ an impressive vocabulary could improve your social life

b. ____ your good scores on vocabulary tests will, to a large extent,

predict your academic success at college

c. ____ an effective way of learning new words is to look them up first

in a dictionary and then to learn them by heart

d. ____ simple words do not necessarily mean a simple mind

√



3. The word “fancy” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning

to .

a. ____ showy

b. ____ high-sounding

c. ____ imaginative

d. ____ difficult

√



4. The phrase “et across” in Paragraph 2 means .

a. ____ describe in detail

b. ____ make clear

c. ____ spread

d. ____ overcome

√



5. The quotation from Mark Twain in Paragraph 4 is intended to

illustrate .

a. ____ the distinction between poor and effective communications

b. ____ the importance of having a big vocabulary

c. ____ the necessity for knowing fine shades of meaning

d. ____ the impressiveness of using right words at right times

√



6. A study by the Human Engineering Laboratory found that

people who get the highest scores on vocabulary tests usually .

a. ____ are possessed of the highest I.Q.

b. ____ enjoy remarkable academic success

c. ____ get the highest pay

d. ____ All of the above.

√



7. In Paragraph 8 the author seems to be implying that .

a. ____ a larger vocabulary could improve one’s social life

b. ____ you have little control over the size of your vocabulary

c. ____ developing a better vocabulary needn’t be a hard task

d. ____ Both A and C. √



8. The main pattern of organization for this article is .

a. ____ description

b. ____ cause and effect

c. ____ comparison and contrast

d. ____ classification

√



Vocabulary ExercisesVocabulary Exercises

1. He was seriously ill for two months. As a result, his

_________ work suffered and he fell behind.

2. A woman of great ___________ , Dr. Amy Goldman, has

written dozens of books on a variety of topics.

3. I wonder if this letter _______ what she really thinks.

academicacademic

intelligenceintelligence

reflectsreflects


academic advantage academic advantage attitude attitude communicationcommunication socialsocial

context distinguish context distinguish influence influence intelligence intelligence trait trait

mature predict mature predict reflect reflect represent represent

4. ________ activities might include picnics in the woods and

walking tours of the Old Town.

5. The news reporter ________ that the war would continue

another two or three years.

6. He deliberately （故意地） took my words out of ______

and you know that’s not what I mean!

7. The great __________ of home-grown oranges is their ma

gnificent flavor （香味） .

SocialSocial

predictedpredicted

contextcontext



advantageadvantage

8. He seems to have undergone a change in _______

recently, and has become much more cooperative （乐于合作的） .

9. Generosity （慷慨大方） is one of his most pleasing ____

.

10. Good _____________ with people around you could prove

very helpful to you in your work.

11. The two sisters are so alike it’s difficult to __________ one

from the other.

attitudeattitude

traitstraits

communicationcommunication



distinguish distinguish

12. In our textbooks the word “adjective” is __________ by

the letter a.

13. Who or what ________ you to choose a career in

teaching?

14. Young girls are often more ________ than young boys.

representedrepresented

influencedinfluenced



maturemature

1. He had difficulty _________ his meaning ________ to the

audience.

2. No sooner had the words _______ than he regretted

saying them.

3. ____________ an emergency, the doctor will not be

available for several hours.

come outcome out



Because ofBecause of

as a result as a result as well as well because of because of come outcome out

get across get across in short in short in some cases in some cases send outsend out

getting getting acrossacross

4. He’s disorganized （做事杂乱无章的） , he’s inefficient

（无效率的） , he’s never there when you want him — ___

____ , the man’s hopeless.

5. We follow up your suggestions, and have had satisfying ex

periences __________ .

6. This book tells about Mark Twain’s writings and about hi

s life _________ .

in shortin short



as a resultas a result

as well as well

7. Usually it is the best students who get the highest scores o

n achievement tests. But ___________ this may not be tru

e.

8. The director’s assistant ________ well over four hundred

invitations （请柬） that afternoon.

in some casesin some cases



sent outsent out

Listening PracticeListening Practice

Short ConversationsShort Conversations

Listening and Speaking IListening and Speaking I

Part 5.3, pp. 25~26Part 5.3, pp. 25~26

Listening and Speaking IListening and Speaking I

Part 5.3, pp. 25~26Part 5.3, pp. 25~26

You will hear 10 short conversations. After each You will hear 10 short conversations. After each conversation you will hear a question. Listen carefully conversation you will hear a question. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given. and choose the best answer from the four choices given.


1.1. A.A. He was all right.He was all right.

B.B. He was sick. He was sick.

C.C. Something made him thirsty. Something made him thirsty.

D.D. Something happened to him. Something happened to him.

2.2. A.A. Colleagues.Colleagues.

B.B. Husband and wife.Husband and wife.

C.C. Customer and salesman. Customer and salesman.

D.D. Neighbours.Neighbours.


3.3. A.A. 7:30.7:30.

B.B. 9:20.9:20.

C.C. 8:40. 8:40.

D.D. 8:10.8:10.


4.4. A.A. Hang up the picture.Hang up the picture.

B.B. Put in the nail.Put in the nail.

C.C. Hold the picture straight. Hold the picture straight.

D.D. Hang it up downHang it up down


5.5. A.A. He can’t miss it.He can’t miss it.

B.B. She forgot to tell him one thing.She forgot to tell him one thing.

C.C. It’s no use going there. It’s no use going there.

D.D. It’s close to the corner.It’s close to the corner.


6.6. A.A. Meeting their new neighbors.Meeting their new neighbors.

B.B. Buying a new house.Buying a new house.

C.C. Renting a new house. Renting a new house.

D.D. Moving to a new Moving to a new neighborhood.neighborhood.


7.7. A.A. He must come with her.He must come with her.

B.B. They must have a picnic tomorrow.They must have a picnic tomorrow.

C.C. He must take his umbrella with him.He must take his umbrella with him.

D.D. It’s going to rain tomorrow.It’s going to rain tomorrow.


8.8. A.A. Doctor. Doctor.

B.B. Dentist. Dentist.

C.C. Nurse. Nurse.

D.D. Typist.Typist.


9.9. A.A. She didn’t pass her physics exam.She didn’t pass her physics exam.

B.B. She’s worried about her physics exam.She’s worried about her physics exam.

C.C. The man looks happy. The man looks happy.

D.D. She has to take a history exam.She has to take a history exam.


10.10. A.A. In the classroom.In the classroom.

B.B. In the dining hall.In the dining hall.

C.C. In the shop. In the shop.

D.D. At the cinemaAt the cinema


Listening Checkup & Script

1.1. A.A. He was all right.He was all right.




Checkup your answers.Checkup your answers.Checkup your answers.Checkup your answers.1.1. A.A. He was all right.He was all right.




1.1. W:W: Harry! What’s the matter? You look pale. Are you Harry! What’s the matter? You look pale. Are you sick?sick?

M:M: I just had a terrible experience.I just had a terrible experience.

W:W: Sit down. Let me get you a glass of water.Sit down. Let me get you a glass of water.

M:M: No thanks, Jenny. I’ll be fine in a minute.No thanks, Jenny. I’ll be fine in a minute.

Q:Q: What’s the matter with the man?What’s the matter with the man?










2.2. M:M: Judy! Where have you been? It’s after six o’clock.Judy! Where have you been? It’s after six o’clock.

W:W: Wait until I tell you, Fred! I’ve been downtown and Wait until I tell you, Fred! I’ve been downtown and I I saw just what I wanted for our house.saw just what I wanted for our house.

M:M: Our house? What is it?Our house? What is it?

W:W: A sofa. A beautiful yellow one.A sofa. A beautiful yellow one.

Q:Q: What is the possible relationship between the man What is the possible relationship between the man and woman?and woman?


3.3. A.A. 7:30. 7:30.

B.B. 9:20. 9:20.

C.C. 8:40. 8:40.

D.D. 8:10.8:10.

3.3. A.A. 7:30. 7:30.

B.B. 9:20. 9:20.

C.C. 8:40. 8:40.

D.D. 8:10.8:10.

3.3. W:W: Bill, what’s the date today?Bill, what’s the date today?

M:M: Uh … September twentieth, nineteen ninety-nine.Uh … September twentieth, nineteen ninety-nine.

W:W: The twentieth? Oh! I have a meeting at seven thirty.The twentieth? Oh! I have a meeting at seven thirty.

M:M: I’m afraid you’re already forty minutes late.I’m afraid you’re already forty minutes late.

Q:Q: What time is it now?What time is it now?










4.4. M:M: Would you mind helping me for a minute, Barbara?Would you mind helping me for a minute, Barbara?

W:W: I’d be glad to. What do you want me to do?I’d be glad to. What do you want me to do?

M:M: Help me hang up this picture. Hold it straight while I Help me hang up this picture. Hold it straight while I put in the nail.put in the nail.

W:W: All right.All right.

M:M: There. How does that look? Tell me if I have itThere. How does that look? Tell me if I have it

straight.straight.

W:W: Yes, it’s straight, but it’s upside down.Yes, it’s straight, but it’s upside down.

Q: Q: What did the man ask the woman to do?What did the man ask the woman to do?










5.5. M:M: Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bookshop?bookshop?

W:W: Of course. It’s not far from here. Go to the corner and Of course. It’s not far from here. Go to the corner and turn left. Walk two blocks and turn left again. The turn left. Walk two blocks and turn left again. The

bookshop is right on the corner. You can’t miss bookshop is right on the corner. You can’t miss it.it.

M:M: Thank you very much. I’m sure I’ll find it.Thank you very much. I’m sure I’ll find it.

W:W: But there is one other thing.But there is one other thing.

M:M: What’s that?What’s that?

W:W: Today is a holiday. The bookshop is closed.Today is a holiday. The bookshop is closed.

Q:Q: What does the woman mean at the end of the What does the woman mean at the end of the conversation?conversation?





D.D. Moving to a new neighborhood.Moving to a new neighborhood.




D.D. Moving to a new neighborhood.Moving to a new neighborhood.

6.6. M:M: Have you met our new neighbors yet? They moved Have you met our new neighbors yet? They moved in last Saturday.in last Saturday.

W:W: No, I haven’t. I understand they’re renting the house, No, I haven’t. I understand they’re renting the house, not buying it.not buying it.

M:M: That’s what I heard too. Let’s go and welcome the That’s what I heard too. Let’s go and welcome the new family to the neighborhood. Perhaps there’s new family to the neighborhood. Perhaps there’s something we can do for them.something we can do for them.

W:W: That’s a good idea. Everyone was very kind when I That’s a good idea. Everyone was very kind when I moved here last year. It’s good to feel welcome in a moved here last year. It’s good to feel welcome in a

new neighborhood.new neighborhood.

Q:Q: What are talking about? What are talking about?










7.7. M:M: We’re having a picnic tomorrow. Why don’t you We’re having a picnic tomorrow. Why don’t you come with us?come with us?

W:W: I’d like to, but I think it’s going to rain. The I’d like to, but I think it’s going to rain. The weatherman says it is.weatherman says it is.

M:M: I don’t think he’s right. It hasn’t rained for a week, I don’t think he’s right. It hasn’t rained for a week, and it isn’t cloudy today either. I’m sure we’ll and it isn’t cloudy today either. I’m sure we’ll

have have fine weather for our picnic.fine weather for our picnic.

W:W: But he’s usually correct in his weather news. Well, But he’s usually correct in his weather news. Well, I’ll take my umbrella with me.I’ll take my umbrella with me.

Q:Q: What does the woman insist?What does the woman insist?




C.C. Nurse.Nurse.

D.D. Typist.Typist.



C.C. Nurse.Nurse.

D.D. Typist.Typist.

8.8. M:M: I’d like to make an appointment to have the dentist I’d like to make an appointment to have the dentist look at my teeth.look at my teeth.

W:W: Let’s see. I can arrange for you to see the doctor two Let’s see. I can arrange for you to see the doctor two weeks from now.weeks from now.

M:M: Can’t I see him tomorrow?Can’t I see him tomorrow?

W:W: I’m afraid Dr. Smith won’t be able to see you then. I’m afraid Dr. Smith won’t be able to see you then. His His appointment book is filled for the next couple of appointment book is filled for the next couple of weeks.weeks.

M:M: Oh, but I don’t have to see him. I’ll just leave my teeth Oh, but I don’t have to see him. I’ll just leave my teeth in his office and he can look at them when he has time. in his office and he can look at them when he has time. They’re false teeth!They’re false teeth!

Q:Q: What is the woman’s job?What is the woman’s job?










9.9. W:W: You look happy!You look happy!

M:M: I am happy. I just heard I passed my physics exam.I am happy. I just heard I passed my physics exam.

W:W: Congratulations! I’m glad somebody’s happy.Congratulations! I’m glad somebody’s happy.

M:M: Why? What’s the matter?Why? What’s the matter?

W:W: Oh, I’m just worried, I guess. I have to take a history Oh, I’m just worried, I guess. I have to take a history exam.exam.

Q: Q: Why isn’t the woman very happy?Why isn’t the woman very happy?










10.10. M:M: Excuse me. Is this table taken?Excuse me. Is this table taken?

W:W: Yeah. I’m saving these seats for friends.Yeah. I’m saving these seats for friends.

M: M: Is this one taken?Is this one taken?

W:W: No. Go ahead, sit down.No. Go ahead, sit down.

M:M: Thanks. I’m from Colombia. Where are you from?Thanks. I’m from Colombia. Where are you from?

W:W: Japan. I’m here to attend the English Language Japan. I’m here to attend the English Language Institute.Institute.

Q:Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?Where does the conversation most probably take place?

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Reading Analysis Reading Analysis

Ex. XIII, p. 36Ex. XIII, p. 36

2.2. Structured WritingStructured Writing

Ex. XIV, P. 37Ex. XIV, P. 37

3.3. Self-study Text CSelf-study Text C

unit 2: part b 21st century college english: book 1

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