21st century college english: book 4 unit 7: part c

21st Century College English: Book 421st Century College English: Book 4

Unit 7: Part CUnit 7: Part CUnit 7: Part CUnit 7: Part C

• Assignment Checkup

• Text B

• Listening Practice

• Oral PracticeOral Practice

• Assignment Assignment

Unit 7: Part CUnit 7: Part C

Assignment CheckupAssignment Checkup

Assignment CheckupAssignment Checkup

•• Word Building Ex. VIEx. VI

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. VI, p. 230Ex. VI, p. 230《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. VI, p. 230Ex. VI, p. 230

Exercise Exercise • Word building• Word building

The prefix The prefix –ate–ate can be added to some nouns and adjectives to form v can be added to some nouns and adjectives to form v

erbs, meaning erbs, meaning to give ( to sth.) the specified thing or qualityto give ( to sth.) the specified thing or quality. .

For example:For example:

motivate motivate

－－ to provide with an incentive; move to action; to provide with an incentive; move to action;

impel.impel.activate activate

－－to set in motion; make active or more activeto set in motion; make active or more active

nominate nominate －－ to propose by name as a candidateto propose by name as a candidate

terminate terminate －－ to discontinue the employment of; dismissto discontinue the employment of; dismiss

regulate regulate －－ to control, direct or adjustto control, direct or adjust

originate originate

－－to bring(come) into beingto bring(come) into being


Now complete the following sentences with the proper form of the Now complete the following sentences with the proper form of the words given above.words given above.

1.1. With the widespread use of the violence-_________ With the widespread use of the violence-_________ coco

mputermputer （声控电脑）（声控电脑） , typing might well become , typing might well become something something

of the past. of the past.

2.2. An employee who is constantly making excuses rather than An employee who is constantly making excuses rather than

getting his job done on time is likely to be _________. getting his job done on time is likely to be _________.

activatedactivated

terminatedterminated


motivatemotivate activateactivate originateoriginate regulateregulate nominatenominate terminateterminate

3.3. Under capitalism, economic activities ________ Under capitalism, economic activities ________ themsethemse

lves as long as there is competition. lves as long as there is competition.

4.4. Advertisers have to study closely what are the factors Advertisers have to study closely what are the factors ______

______ consumers to buy so that they can come up ______ consumers to buy so that they can come up with with effeeffe

ctive advertisements. ctive advertisements.

regulateregulate

motivatingmotivating




5.5. The theory of free market economy _________ in 18The theory of free market economy _________ in 18thth cencen

tury Britain when Adam Smith wrote tury Britain when Adam Smith wrote The wealth of The wealth of NationNation

ss. .

6.6. A candidate is a person who seeks or is __________ for A candidate is a person who seeks or is __________ for

an office, prize, or honor. an office, prize, or honor.

originatedoriginated

nominatednominated




• Text B: Language Points

• Comprehension

Unit 2: Text BUnit 2: Text B

Language PointsLanguage Points

Text BText B

The Jeaning of AmericaThe Jeaning of America

– – and the Worldand the World

Michael KordaMichael Korda

The Jeaning of America

– and the World

Michael KordaMichael Korda

11 This is the story of a sturdy American symbol which has now spThis is the story of a sturdy American symbol which has now sp

read throughout most of the world. The symbol is not the dollar. It is read throughout most of the world. The symbol is not the dollar. It is

not even Coca-Cola. It is a simple pair of pants called blue jeans, and not even Coca-Cola. It is a simple pair of pants called blue jeans, and

what the pants symbolize is what Alexis de Tocqueville called “a what the pants symbolize is what Alexis de Tocqueville called “a

manly and legitimate passion for equality...” Blue jeans are favoremanly and legitimate passion for equality...” Blue jeans are favore

d equally by bureaucrats and cowboys; bankers andd equally by bureaucrats and cowboys; bankers and


deadbeats; fashion designers and beer drinkers. deadbeats; fashion designers and beer drinkers.

They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American. Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world -- including Russia, where authorities recently broke up a teen-aged gang that was selling them on the black market for two hundred dollars a pair. They have been around for a long time, and it seems likely that they will outlive even the necktie.

22 This ubiquitous American symbol was the invention of a This ubiquitous American symbol was the invention of a

Bavarian-born Jew. His name was Levi Strauss.Bavarian-born Jew. His name was Levi Strauss.


33 He was born in Bad Ocheim, Germany, in 1829, and He was born in Bad Ocheim, Germany, in 1829, and

during the European political turmoil of 1848 decided to take his chances in New York, to which his two brothers already had emigrated. Upon arrival, Levi soon found out that his two brothers had exagge. Upon arrival, Levi soon found out that his two brothers had exagge

rated their tales of an easy life rated their tales of an easy life in the land of the main chance. They we. They we

re landowners, they had told him; instead, he found them selling neere landowners, they had told him; instead, he found them selling nee

dles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors, and buttons to houdles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors, and buttons to hou

sewives. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 posewives. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 po

unds of sundries door-to-door to unds of sundries door-to-door to eke out a marginal living. When a ma. When a ma

rried sister in San Francisco offered to pay his way West in 1850, he rried sister in San Francisco offered to pay his way West in 1850, he

jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped

to sell for a living.to sell for a living.


44 It was the wrong kind of canvas It was the wrong kind of canvas for that purpose, but while talking

with a miner down from the mother lode, he learned that pants -- sturdy

pants that would stand up to the rigors of the diggings -- were almost

impossible to find. Opportunity beckoned. On the spot, Strauss measured

the man's girth and inseam with a piece of string and, for

six dollars in gold dust, had them tailored into a pair of stiff but rugged

pants. The miner was delighted with the result, word got around about

“those pants of Levi's,” and Strauss was in business. The company has

been in business ever since.


55 When Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to seWhen Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nind more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, France -- called serge de Nimes and swiftly shortened to “denimes, France -- called serge de Nimes and swiftly shortened to “denim” (the word “jeans” derives from Genes, the French word for Genom” (the word “jeans” derives from Genes, the French word for Genoa, where a similar cloth was produced). Almost from the first, Strausa, where a similar cloth was produced). Almost from the first, Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their s had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their name, but it was not until the 1870s that he added the copper rivets name, but it was not until the 1870s that he added the copper rivets which have long since become a company trademark. The rivets which have long since become a company trademark. The rivets were the idea of were the idea of a Virginia City, Nevada, tailor, Jacob W. Davis, w, Jacob W. Davis, who added them to pacify a mean-tempered miner called Alkali Ike. Aho added them to pacify a mean-tempered miner called Alkali Ike. Alkali, the story goes, complained that the pockets of his jeans lkali, the story goes, complained that the pockets of his jeans always tore when he stuffed them with ore samples and demandalways tore when he stuffed them with ore samples and demanded that Davis do something about it. ed that Davis do something about it.


As a kind of joke, Davis took the pants to a blacksmith and had the pockets riveted; once again, the idea worked so well that word got around; in 1873 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmick -- and hired Davis as a regional manager.

66 By this time, Strauss had taken both his brothers and two By this time, Strauss had taken both his brothers and two

brothers-in-law into the company and was ready for his third San brothers-in-law into the company and was ready for his third San

Francisco store. Over the ensuing years the company prospered Francisco store. Over the ensuing years the company prospered

locally, and by the time of his death in 1902, Strauss had become a locally, and by the time of his death in 1902, Strauss had become a

man of prominence in California. man of prominence in California.

For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small, with sales largely confined to the working people of the West -- cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like. Levi's jeans were first introduced toLevi's jeans were first introduced to


the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze of the 1930s, when the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze of the 1930s, when

vacationing Easterners returned and spread the word about the vacationing Easterners returned and spread the word about the

wonderful pants with rivets. Another boost came in World War II, wonderful pants with rivets. Another boost came in World War II,

when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were

sold only to people engaged in defense work. From a company with sold only to people engaged in defense work. From a company with

fifteen salespeople, two plants, and almost no business east of the fifteen salespeople, two plants, and almost no business east of the

Mississippi in 1946, the organization grew in thirty years to include a Mississippi in 1946, the organization grew in thirty years to include a

sales force of more than twenty-two thousand, with fifty plants and sales force of more than twenty-two thousand, with fifty plants and

offices in thirty-five countries. Each year, more than 250,000,000offices in thirty-five countries. Each year, more than 250,000,000


items of Levi's clothing are sold -- including more than 83,000,000 items of Levi's clothing are sold -- including more than 83,000,000

pairs of riveted blue jeans. pairs of riveted blue jeans.

They have become, through marketing, word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America

.

They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk for the suitably proletarian look

. They adapt themselves to any sort of idiosyncratic use; women slit them

at the inseams and convert them into long skirts, men chop them off

above the knees and turn them into something to be worn while

challenging the surf. Decorations and ornamentations abound.


77 The pants have become a tradition, and along the way have The pants have become a tradition, and along the way have acquired a history of their own -- so much so that the company has acquired a history of their own -- so much so that the company has opened a museum in San Francisco. There was, for example, the opened a museum in San Francisco. There was, for example, the turn-of-the-century trainman who replaced a faulty coupling with a turn-of-the-century trainman who replaced a faulty coupling with a pair of jeans; the Wyoming man who used his jeans as a towrope to pair of jeans; the Wyoming man who used his jeans as a towrope to haul his car out of a ditch; the Californian who found several pairs in haul his car out of a ditch; the Californian who found several pairs in an abandoned mine, wore them, then discovered they were sixty-an abandoned mine, wore them, then discovered they were sixty-three years old and still as good as new and turned them over to the three years old and still as good as new and turned them over to the Smithsonian as a tribute to their toughness. And then there is the Smithsonian as a tribute to their toughness. And then there is the particularly terrifying story of the careless construction worker who particularly terrifying story of the careless construction worker who dangled fifty-two stories above the street until rescued, his sole dangled fifty-two stories above the street until rescued, his sole support the Levi's belt loop through which his rope was hooked.support the Levi's belt loop through which his rope was hooked.

(1000 words)(1000 words)


ParaphraseParaphrase??

The Jeaning of America – and the WorldThe Jeaning of America – and the World

The popularity of Jeans in America – and in the WorldThe popularity of Jeans in America – and in the World

JeansJeans, or , or blue jeansblue jeans, are usually close-fitting pants that are , are usually close-fitting pants that are made esp. of a durable twilled cotton cloth and used esp. for made esp. of a durable twilled cotton cloth and used esp. for sports-wear and work clothes. The word sports-wear and work clothes. The word jeanjean is normally not is normally not used as a verb.used as a verb.

They draw no distinctions and recognize no classesThey draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are ; they are merely American. Yet they are sought after almost merely American. Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world everywhere in the world

draw a distinctiondraw a distinction—— say that two things are different say that two things are different

Paraphrase the underlined partParaphrase the underlined part??They (blue jeans) show no difference in the social status They (blue jeans) show no difference in the social status

and class of people who wear them; they simply show and class of people who wear them; they simply show that they are Americans.that they are Americans.

They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American. Yet merely American. Yet they are sought after almost they are sought after almost everywhere in the worldeverywhere in the world

Paraphrase the underlined partParaphrase the underlined part??They are popular among consumers almost everywhere They are popular among consumers almost everywhere

in the world.in the world.

TranslationTranslation??它们不分贫富，不认阶级；它们仅仅是美国的。然而它们在它们不分贫富，不认阶级；它们仅仅是美国的。然而它们在世界几乎所有的地方都深受人们的喜爱。世界几乎所有的地方都深受人们的喜爱。

They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American. Yet they are sought after almost merely American. Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world everywhere in the world

They have They have been aroundbeen around for a long time… for a long time…—— They have been in existence for a long time…They have been in existence for a long time…

be aroundbe around— — 1) be present or available;1) be present or available;

2) be active and prominent in a particular field or 2) be active and prominent in a particular field or professionprofession

Example:Example:• she has she has been aroundbeen around as a film director since the as a film director since the 1960’s.1960’s.

Paraphrase the underlined partParaphrase the underlined part

??

during the European political turmoil of 1848 (he) during the European political turmoil of 1848 (he) decided to decided to take his chances in New Yorktake his chances in New York, to which his two brothers , to which his two brothers already had emigrated.already had emigrated.

decided to try his luck in New Yorkdecided to try his luck in New York

TranslationTranslation

??在在 18481848 年欧洲政治骚乱期间，他决定去纽约碰碰运气，年欧洲政治骚乱期间，他决定去纽约碰碰运气，因为他的两个兄弟已经移居到了那儿因为他的两个兄弟已经移居到了那儿

in the land of main chancein the land of main chance

—— (here) in America(here) in America

the main chancethe main chance— — the best opportunitythe best opportunity

ParaphraseParaphrase

??

eke out a marginal livingeke out a marginal living

Manage to survive in a very difficult situation in which Manage to survive in a very difficult situation in which there is very little food, money, etc.there is very little food, money, etc.


??

for that purposefor that purpose

For the purpose of selling for a livingFor the purpose of selling for a living


??

six dollars in gold dustsix dollars in gold dust

Six dollars’ worth of gold dust Six dollars’ worth of gold dust


??

Strauss was in businessStrauss was in business

Strauss began to operate his own companyStrauss began to operate his own company


??

a Virginia City, Nevada, tailora Virginia City, Nevada, tailor

A tailor in Virginia City, Nevada.A tailor in Virginia City, Nevada.

Translation Translation

??

As a kind of joke, Davis took the pants to a blacksmith and As a kind of joke, Davis took the pants to a blacksmith and had the pockets riveted; once again, the idea worked so well had the pockets riveted; once again, the idea worked so well that word got around; in 1873 Strauss appropriated and that word got around; in 1873 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmick -- and hired Davis as a regional patented the gimmick -- and hired Davis as a regional manager.manager.

为了开个玩笑，戴维斯拿着裤子去找了个铁匠，让他给裤子为了开个玩笑，戴维斯拿着裤子去找了个铁匠，让他给裤子口袋敲上铆钉；这主义又一次大获成功，消息很快传开；口袋敲上铆钉；这主义又一次大获成功，消息很快传开； 18187373 年施特劳斯把这项小革新据为己有并取得了专利权－然年施特劳斯把这项小革新据为己有并取得了专利权－然后便雇佣戴维斯做了一名地区经理后便雇佣戴维斯做了一名地区经理。。

Translation Translation

??

For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small, with sales largely confined to the working though small, with sales largely confined to the working people of the West -- cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, people of the West -- cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like.and the like.

在以后的在以后的 3030 年间，生意一直很赚钱但规模确一直很小，销年间，生意一直很赚钱但规模确一直很小，销售主要限于西部的劳动人民－牛仔、伐木工、铁路工人等售主要限于西部的劳动人民－牛仔、伐木工、铁路工人等等。等。

They have become, They have become, through marketingthrough marketing, word of mouth, and , word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America. demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America.

by/through words of mouth by/through words of mouth — in spoken, not written — in spoken, not written wordswords

Examples:Examples:• I received the news by words of mouth.I received the news by words of mouth.

• people hear about it through words of mouthpeople hear about it through words of mouth

TranslationTranslation??通过市场销售、口传和明显的可靠性，它们已经成为美国常通过市场销售、口传和明显的可靠性，它们已经成为美国常见的裤子。见的裤子。

ParaphraseParaphrase??They have become the common pants of America They have become the common pants of America through marketing, word of mouth and demonstrable through marketing, word of mouth and demonstrable reliability.reliability.

They have become, They have become, through marketingthrough marketing, word of mouth, and , word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America. demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America.


??

They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk for the suitably proletarian look.shrunk for the suitably proletarian look.

They can be pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk They can be pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk when they are sold in order to look properly like pants when they are sold in order to look properly like pants that workmen wear.that workmen wear.


??

challenge the surfchallenge the surf

ride the surfboard; go surfing ride the surfboard; go surfing


??

so much as thatso much as that

to such an extent that to such an extent that


??

replaced a faulty coupling with a pair of jeansreplaced a faulty coupling with a pair of jeans

Used a pair of jeans (to link two railway carriages) Used a pair of jeans (to link two railway carriages) when the coupling was faulty (intended to prove the when the coupling was faulty (intended to prove the sturdiness of the jeans) sturdiness of the jeans)


??

turned them over to Smithsonian as a tribute to their turned them over to Smithsonian as a tribute to their toughnesstoughness

handed them over to the Smithsonian Institution in handed them over to the Smithsonian Institution in order to show admiration for the tough quality of the order to show admiration for the tough quality of the jeans. jeans.


??

his sole support the Levi’s belt loophis sole support the Levi’s belt loop

his only support being the belt loop of the jeanshis only support being the belt loop of the jeans

Text B: ComprehensionText B: Comprehension

ComprehensionComprehension

•• Skimming for Main Ideas Ex. VIEx. VI

•• Comprehension Ex. VIEx. VI


《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XIV, p. 242Ex. XIV, p. 242《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XIV, p. 242Ex. XIV, p. 242


1.1. The basis (or main idea) of this article: Blue jeans, a ubiquitous The basis (or main idea) of this article: Blue jeans, a ubiquitous American symbol, were ____________________________. American symbol, were ____________________________.

the invention of a Bavarian-born Jew, named Levi Strauss the invention of a Bavarian-born Jew, named Levi Strauss

Answer the following questions. Answer the following questions.


2.2. this article may roughly be divided into four sections. Write in this article may roughly be divided into four sections. Write in the space the main idea of each section. (The answer for section the space the main idea of each section. (The answer for section 1 is given as an example) 1 is given as an example)

In order to satisfy the needs of Western miners for durable In order to satisfy the needs of Western miners for durable work clothes, Levi Strauss, a German immigrant, work clothes, Levi Strauss, a German immigrant, succeeded in manufacturing blue jeans from canvas. succeeded in manufacturing blue jeans from canvas.

Answer the following questions. Answer the following questions.

Introduction (Paragraph 1): Introduction (Paragraph 1): Blue jeans, an omnipresent Blue jeans, an omnipresent American symbol, are not only favored by all American, American symbol, are not only favored by all American, but also popular among people throughout the world.but also popular among people throughout the world.

The Invention of Blue Jeans(Para.2-5) The Invention of Blue Jeans(Para.2-5) __________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The blue Jeans Business, Yesterday and Today (Para.6)The blue Jeans Business, Yesterday and Today (Para.6) ____

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lev’s company, a small local business at the beginning of Lev’s company, a small local business at the beginning of the 20the 20thth century, has grown into a huge multinational century, has grown into a huge multinational manufacturer. manufacturer.

Concluding Remarks (Para.7):Concluding Remarks (Para.7): _______________________ _______________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Blue jeans have become a tradition and have acquired a Blue jeans have become a tradition and have acquired a history of their own. history of their own.


《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XV, p. 243Ex. XV, p. 243《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. XV, p. 243Ex. XV, p. 243

Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.


1.1. The author begins her article with __________.The author begins her article with __________.

A)A) a definition of the sturdy American symbol that is a definition of the sturdy American symbol that is present everywhere present everywhere

B)B) a brief description of the ever-growing popularity of a brief description of the ever-growing popularity of blue jeans all over the world blue jeans all over the world

C)C) an anecdote about blue jeans in Russia an anecdote about blue jeans in Russia

D)D) a brief account of the significance of blue jeans a brief account of the significance of blue jeans

1.1. The author begins her article with __________.The author begins her article with __________.

A)A) a definition of the sturdy American symbol that is a definition of the sturdy American symbol that is present everywhere present everywhere

B)B) a brief description of the ever-growing popularity of a brief description of the ever-growing popularity of blue jeans all over the worldblue jeans all over the world

C)C) an anecdote about blue jeans in Russia an anecdote about blue jeans in Russia

D)D) a brief account of the significance of blue jeans a brief account of the significance of blue jeans

Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.


2.2. Blue jeans symbolize “a manly and legitimate passion for equalitBlue jeans symbolize “a manly and legitimate passion for equality” (Para.1) in that _________.y” (Para.1) in that _________.

A)A) the necessity of distinguishing a leader from a Presithe necessity of distinguishing a leader from a Presidentdent

B)B) the role of leader in times of doubt and crisisthe role of leader in times of doubt and crisis

C)C) timing as a crucial factor in the rise of a leadertiming as a crucial factor in the rise of a leader

D)D) people’s expectation of their President as a leaderpeople’s expectation of their President as a leader

2.2. Blue jeans symbolize “a manly and legitimate passion for equalitBlue jeans symbolize “a manly and legitimate passion for equality” (Para.1) in that _________.y” (Para.1) in that _________.

A)A) the necessity of distinguishing a leader from a Presithe necessity of distinguishing a leader from a Presidentdent

B)B) the role of leader in times of doubt and crisisthe role of leader in times of doubt and crisis

C)C) timing as a crucial factor in the rise of a leadertiming as a crucial factor in the rise of a leader

D)D) people’s expectation of their President as a leaderpeople’s expectation of their President as a leader



3.3. “A ubiquitous American symbol” (Para.2) means ____________.“A ubiquitous American symbol” (Para.2) means ____________.

A)A) “a symbol that best represents the American values “a symbol that best represents the American values and assumptions” and assumptions”

B)B) “a symbol that distinguishes American form people “a symbol that distinguishes American form people of of other countries” other countries”

C)C) “a symbol that is in existence uniquely in America” “a symbol that is in existence uniquely in America”

D)D) “an American symbol that is present everywhere in “an American symbol that is present everywhere in the the world” world”

3.3. “A ubiquitous American symbol” (Para.2) means ____________.“A ubiquitous American symbol” (Para.2) means ____________.

A)A) “a symbol that best represents the American values “a symbol that best represents the American values and assumptions” and assumptions”

B)B) “a symbol that distinguishes American form people “a symbol that distinguishes American form people of of other countries” other countries”

C)C) “a symbol that is in existence uniquely in America” “a symbol that is in existence uniquely in America”

D)D) “an American symbol that is present everywhere in “an American symbol that is present everywhere in the the world” world”



4.4. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?

A)A) Levi Strauss was born in Germany and left for AmeLevi Strauss was born in Germany and left for America rica because of the political persecution of the Jewish pebecause of the political persecution of the Jewish people ople there. there.

B)B) To try his luck in the “land of main chance”, the yoTo try his luck in the “land of main chance”, the young ung man left Europe to join his two brothers in New Yorman left Europe to join his two brothers in New York. k.

C)C) For his first two years in America, Levi Strauss worFor his first two years in America, Levi Strauss worked ked every hard but could barely make a living. every hard but could barely make a living.

D)D) The wrong kind of canvas he took with him to the The wrong kind of canvas he took with him to the West West provided him with a good opportunity to start a provided him with a good opportunity to start a business. business.

4.4. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?

A)A) Levi Strauss was born in Germany and left for AmeLevi Strauss was born in Germany and left for America rica because of the political persecution of the Jewish pebecause of the political persecution of the Jewish people ople there. there.

B)B) To try his luck in the “land of main chance”, the yoTo try his luck in the “land of main chance”, the young ung man left Europe to join his two brothers in New Yorman left Europe to join his two brothers in New York. k.

C)C) For his first two years in America, Levi Strauss worFor his first two years in America, Levi Strauss worked ked every hard but could barely make a living. every hard but could barely make a living.

D)D) The wrong kind of canvas he took with him to the The wrong kind of canvas he took with him to the West West provided him with a good opportunity to start a provided him with a good opportunity to start a business. business.



5.5. The expression “to eke out a marginal living” (Para.3) is closest iThe expression “to eke out a marginal living” (Para.3) is closest in meaning to _________.n meaning to _________.

A)A) “to work hard and live a thrifty life” “to work hard and live a thrifty life”

B)B) “to work hard, but barely earn enough money to sur“to work hard, but barely earn enough money to survive” vive”

C)C) “to manage to earn a decent living” “to manage to earn a decent living”

D)D) “to make both ends meet by doing odd jobs” “to make both ends meet by doing odd jobs”

5.5. The expression “to eke out a marginal living” (Para.3) is closest iThe expression “to eke out a marginal living” (Para.3) is closest in meaning to _________.n meaning to _________.

A)A) “to work hard and live a thrifty life” “to work hard and live a thrifty life”

B)B) “to work hard, but barely earn enough money to sur“to work hard, but barely earn enough money to survive”vive”

C)C) “to manage to earn a decent living” “to manage to earn a decent living”

D)D) “to make both ends meet by doing odd jobs” “to make both ends meet by doing odd jobs”



6.6. Levi’s plan became an immediate success for the following reasLevi’s plan became an immediate success for the following reasons EXCEPT that _________.ons EXCEPT that _________.

A)A) it was almost impossible t find tough pants that coulit was almost impossible t find tough pants that could d stand up to the severe conditions of diggings stand up to the severe conditions of diggings

B)B) the pants Levi made for the miner proved stiff but the pants Levi made for the miner proved stiff but ssturdy, which just satisfied the general need for hard-turdy, which just satisfied the general need for hard-wearing work clothes wearing work clothes

C)C) word about Levi’s pants quickly spread among the word about Levi’s pants quickly spread among the miners miners

D)D) Levi’s pants were comfortable, durable and inexpenLevi’s pants were comfortable, durable and inexpensive sive

6.6. Levi’s plan became an immediate success for the following reasLevi’s plan became an immediate success for the following reasons EXCEPT that _________.ons EXCEPT that _________.

A)A) it was almost impossible t find tough pants that coulit was almost impossible t find tough pants that could d stand up to the severe conditions of diggings stand up to the severe conditions of diggings

B)B) the pants Levi made for the miner proved stiff but the pants Levi made for the miner proved stiff but ssturdy, which just satisfied the general need for hard-turdy, which just satisfied the general need for hard-wearing work clothes wearing work clothes

C)C) word about Levi’s pants quickly spread among the word about Levi’s pants quickly spread among the miners miners

D)D) Levi’s pants were comfortable, durable and inexpenLevi’s pants were comfortable, durable and inexpensivesive



7.7. Levi’s pants got their name “blue jeans” (Para.6) because ______.Levi’s pants got their name “blue jeans” (Para.6) because ______.

A)A) Levi Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo Levi Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo almost from the beginning almost from the beginning

B)B) Levi Strauss used blue cloth form the very start Levi Strauss used blue cloth form the very start

C)C) The word “jeans” derived from Genes, the French wThe word “jeans” derived from Genes, the French word ord for Genoa, where a similar cloth was manufactured for Genoa, where a similar cloth was manufactured

D)D) Both A) and C) Both A) and C)

7.7. Levi’s pants got their name “blue jeans” (Para.6) because ______.Levi’s pants got their name “blue jeans” (Para.6) because ______.

A)A) Levi Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo Levi Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo almost from the beginning almost from the beginning

B)B) Levi Strauss used blue cloth form the very start Levi Strauss used blue cloth form the very start

C)C) The word “jeans” derived from Genes, the French wThe word “jeans” derived from Genes, the French word ord for Genoa, where a similar cloth was manufactured for Genoa, where a similar cloth was manufactured

D)D) Both A) and C) Both A) and C)



8.8. Blue jeans, a Western working-man’s uniform, became popular aBlue jeans, a Western working-man’s uniform, became popular among people in eastern U.S. _________.mong people in eastern U.S. _________.

A)A) as a result of the company’s effective promotion anas a result of the company’s effective promotion and d advertising advertising

B)B) after Levi Strauss patented the trademark rivets on after Levi Strauss patented the trademark rivets on the the pockets of his pants pockets of his pants

C)C) when vacationing Easterners returned and spread twhen vacationing Easterners returned and spread the he word about the wonderful pants with rivets word about the wonderful pants with rivets

D)D) because soldiers wore them in World War II because soldiers wore them in World War II

8.8. Blue jeans, a Western working-man’s uniform, became popular aBlue jeans, a Western working-man’s uniform, became popular among people in eastern U.S. _________.mong people in eastern U.S. _________.

A)A) as a result of the company’s effective promotion anas a result of the company’s effective promotion and d advertising advertising

B)B) after Levi Strauss patented the trademark rivets on after Levi Strauss patented the trademark rivets on the the pockets of his pants pockets of his pants

C)C) when vacationing Easterners returned and spread twhen vacationing Easterners returned and spread the he word about the wonderful pants with rivets word about the wonderful pants with rivets

D)D) because soldiers wore them in World War II because soldiers wore them in World War II



9.9. By ending her article with more anecdotes about blue jeans, the By ending her article with more anecdotes about blue jeans, the author intends to _________.author intends to _________.

A)A) encourage readers to carry our independent researcencourage readers to carry our independent research h on this subject on this subject

B)B) justify her idea of blue jeans as a sturdy American justify her idea of blue jeans as a sturdy American ssymbol ymbol

C)C) demonstrate the toughness of blue jeans as an essendemonstrate the toughness of blue jeans as an essential tial commodity commodity

D)D) illustrate that blue jeans have virtually become part illustrate that blue jeans have virtually become part of of the American cultural heritage the American cultural heritage

9.9. By ending her article with more anecdotes about blue jeans, the By ending her article with more anecdotes about blue jeans, the author intends to _________.author intends to _________.

A)A) encourage readers to carry our independent researcencourage readers to carry our independent research h on this subject on this subject

B)B) justify her idea of blue jeans as a sturdy American justify her idea of blue jeans as a sturdy American ssymbol ymbol

C)C) demonstrate the toughness of blue jeans as an essendemonstrate the toughness of blue jeans as an essential tial commodity commodity

D)D) illustrate that blue jeans have virtually become part illustrate that blue jeans have virtually become part of of the American cultural heritage the American cultural heritage



10.10. The title “The jeans of America – and the World” can best be interThe title “The jeans of America – and the World” can best be interpreted as __________.preted as __________.

A)A) the manufacturing of blue jeans in America and in ththe manufacturing of blue jeans in America and in the e world world

B) the development and popularization of blue jeans B) the development and popularization of blue jeans tthroughout the US and the world hroughout the US and the world

C)C) the production of jeanthe production of jean （（粗斜纹棉布粗斜纹棉布）） as a cloth in tas a cloth in the he US and the world US and the world

D)D) none of the above none of the above

10.10. The title “The jeans of America – and the World” can best be interThe title “The jeans of America – and the World” can best be interpreted as __________.preted as __________.

A)A) the manufacturing of blue jeans in America and in ththe manufacturing of blue jeans in America and in the e world world

B) the development and popularization of blue jeans B) the development and popularization of blue jeans tthroughout the US and the world hroughout the US and the world

C)C) the production of jeanthe production of jean （（粗斜纹棉布粗斜纹棉布）） as a cloth in tas a cloth in the he US and the world US and the world

D)D) none of the above none of the above



11.11. This article is basically a piece of __________ writing. This article is basically a piece of __________ writing.

A)A) descriptive descriptive B) argumentative B) argumentative

C)C) expository expository D) narrative D) narrative

11.11. This article is basically a piece of __________ writing. This article is basically a piece of __________ writing.

A)A) descriptive descriptive B) argumentative B) argumentative

C)C) expository expository D) narrative D) narrative

Listening PracticeListening Practice

Listening & Speaking IVListening & Speaking IV

• Passage 2

• Passage 3

Listening Practice: PassagesListening Practice: Passages

Passage 2Passage 2

《听说教程 IV 》 Part 4.3, p. 83Part 4.3, p. 83

《听说教程 IV 》 Part 4.3, p. 83Part 4.3, p. 83

5.5. A)A) The origins of paper currency. The origins of paper currency.

B)B) Who was the first to make a bank loan for an Who was the first to make a bank loan for an interest. interest.

C)C) The origins of modem banking. The origins of modem banking.

D)D) The circulation of goldsmiths receipts. The circulation of goldsmiths receipts.


6.6. A)A) Because it was more profitable. Because it was more profitable.

B)B) Because they didn't need to pay the goldsmith. Because they didn't need to pay the goldsmith.

C)C) Because it was safer. Because it was safer.

D)D) Because it was much easier and more conveniBecause it was much easier and more convenient. ent.


Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up


5.5. What is the talk mainly about?What is the talk mainly about?

A)A) The origins of paper currency. The origins of paper currency.





A)A) The origins of paper currency. The origins of paper currency.





ScriptScriptScriptScript

6.6. Why did businesspeople begin to exchange the goldsmith’s rWhy did businesspeople begin to exchange the goldsmith’s receipts instead of exchanging the gold?eceipts instead of exchanging the gold?

A)A) Because it was more profitable. Because it was more profitable.



D)D) Because it was much easier and more convenientBecause it was much easier and more convenient. .

6.6. Why did businesspeople begin to exchange the goldsmith’s rWhy did businesspeople begin to exchange the goldsmith’s receipts instead of exchanging the gold?eceipts instead of exchanging the gold?

A)A) Because it was more profitable. Because it was more profitable.



D)D) Because it was much easier and more convenientBecause it was much easier and more convenient. .


Modern banking had its origin in ancient England. In those Modern banking had its origin in ancient England. In those days, people wanting to safeguard their coins or gold had two days, people wanting to safeguard their coins or gold had two choices choices —— they hid it under the mattress or turned it over to they hid it under the mattress or turned it over to someone else for safekeeping. The logical people to turn to for someone else for safekeeping. The logical people to turn to for storage were the local goldsmiths, since they had the strongest storage were the local goldsmiths, since they had the strongest vaults.vaults.

The goldsmith accepted the gold for storage, giving the The goldsmith accepted the gold for storage, giving the owner a receipt stating that the gold could be redeemed at a owner a receipt stating that the gold could be redeemed at a later date. When a payment was due, the owner went to the later date. When a payment was due, the owner went to the goldsmith, redeemed part of the gold, and gave it to the payee. goldsmith, redeemed part of the gold, and gave it to the payee. After all that, the payee was very likely to turn around and After all that, the payee was very likely to turn around and give the gold back to the goldsmith for safekeeping.give the gold back to the goldsmith for safekeeping.

Gradually, instead of taking the time and effort to physicallGradually, instead of taking the time and effort to physically exchange the gold, business people began to exchange the goly exchange the gold, business people began to exchange the goldsmith’s receipts as payment. Therefore, the gold never left the dsmith’s receipts as payment. Therefore, the gold never left the goldsmiths’ vaults. It wasn’t long before enterprising goldsmitgoldsmiths’ vaults. It wasn’t long before enterprising goldsmiths saw the potential for profit in this arrangement. As long as ths saw the potential for profit in this arrangement. As long as the gold remained in the vaults, the owners wouldn’t miss it if it he gold remained in the vaults, the owners wouldn’t miss it if it were loaned to someone else were loaned to someone else —— for a fee. The odds were overw for a fee. The odds were overwhelmingly against all the depositors wanting their gold at the sahelmingly against all the depositors wanting their gold at the same time me time —— and few people would ever demand their very own and few people would ever demand their very own gold coins back.gold coins back.

The circulation of goldsmiths’ receipts was the beginning of The circulation of goldsmiths’ receipts was the beginning of paper currency and of commercial banking. And the enterprisipaper currency and of commercial banking. And the enterprising goldsmith who first lend somebody else’s gold for a fee was tng goldsmith who first lend somebody else’s gold for a fee was the first to make a bank loan for interest. he first to make a bank loan for interest.


Passage 3Passage 3

《听说教程 IV 》 Part 4.3, pp. 83~84Part 4.3, pp. 83~84

《听说教程 IV 》 Part 4.3, pp. 83~84Part 4.3, pp. 83~84

7.7. A)A) The many types of guide dogs. The many types of guide dogs.

B)B) The training of guide dogs. The training of guide dogs.

C)C) The selection of guide dogs. The selection of guide dogs.

D)D) How to command guide dogs. How to command guide dogs.


8.8. A)A) Intelligence Intelligence

B)B) A good disposition. A good disposition.

C)C) Speed. Speed.

D)D) Physical fitness. Physical fitness.


9.9. A)A) One year. One year.

B)B) Five months. Five months.

C)C) Four weeks. Four weeks.

D)D) As long as it takes. As long as it takes.


10.10. A)A) Most of them are suitable for guide dogs. Most of them are suitable for guide dogs.

B)B) They prefer to train the guide dogs themselvThey prefer to train the guide dogs themselves. es.

C)C) Very few can afford the costs of training and Very few can afford the costs of training and maintaining a guide dog. maintaining a guide dog.

D)D) Many are unsuited to work with dogs. Many are unsuited to work with dogs.


Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up



A)A) The many types of guide dogs. The many types of guide dogs.





A)A) The many types of guide dogs. The many types of guide dogs.





8.8. Which is not a quality necessary in a guild dog?Which is not a quality necessary in a guild dog?

A)A) Intelligence Intelligence


C)C) Speed. Speed.


8.8. Which is not a quality necessary in a guild dog?Which is not a quality necessary in a guild dog?

A)A) Intelligence Intelligence


C)C) Speed. Speed.



9.9. How long is the intensive course for training guide dogs?How long is the intensive course for training guide dogs?

A)A) One year. One year.




9.9. How long is the intensive course for training guide dogs?How long is the intensive course for training guide dogs?

A)A) One year. One year.





ScriptScriptScriptScript

10.10. What does the speaker say about blind people?What does the speaker say about blind people?

A)A) Most of them are suitable for guide dogs. Most of them are suitable for guide dogs.

B)B) They prefer to train the guide dogs themselves. They prefer to train the guide dogs themselves.



10.10. What does the speaker say about blind people?What does the speaker say about blind people?

A)A) Most of them are suitable for guide dogs. Most of them are suitable for guide dogs.

B)B) They prefer to train the guide dogs themselves. They prefer to train the guide dogs themselves.




Guide dogs are trained for the purpose of guiding a blind Guide dogs are trained for the purpose of guiding a blind person. Not every dog can be a guide dog, and only a select few person. Not every dog can be a guide dog, and only a select few end up being chosen. Dogs chosen for this job must show end up being chosen. Dogs chosen for this job must show intelligence, physical fitness, responsibility, patience, an even intelligence, physical fitness, responsibility, patience, an even temper, and a good disposition.temper, and a good disposition.

At the age of one, guide dogs begin a five-month intensive At the age of one, guide dogs begin a five-month intensive course. During this time, they become accustomed to wearing course. During this time, they become accustomed to wearing the leather harness and rigid leather handle that they will be the leather harness and rigid leather handle that they will be wearing when guiding their owner. Along with this physical wearing when guiding their owner. Along with this physical portion of the course, they are also taught the skills necessary portion of the course, they are also taught the skills necessary to guide a blind person. They learn how to avoid dangerous to guide a blind person. They learn how to avoid dangerous situations and how to guide the owner away if they sense situations and how to guide the owner away if they sense danger. danger.

They learn to watch traffic and safely cross the street. They They learn to watch traffic and safely cross the street. They also learn numerous commands such as “forward,” “left,” and also learn numerous commands such as “forward,” “left,” and “sit.” These commands are constantly reinforced, and the dogs “sit.” These commands are constantly reinforced, and the dogs learn to disobey any command that may lead their owner into learn to disobey any command that may lead their owner into danger.danger.

The most important part of the program takes place during The most important part of the program takes place during the last four weeks of the program in which the guide dogs are the last four weeks of the program in which the guide dogs are placed with their future owners. During this time, the two placed with their future owners. During this time, the two practice the commands and learn to communicate, as well as practice the commands and learn to communicate, as well as getting accustomed to working and living together. Working getting accustomed to working and living together. Working with guide dogs is not as easy as it may seem. Many blind with guide dogs is not as easy as it may seem. Many blind people are unsuited by personality to work with dogs, as only a people are unsuited by personality to work with dogs, as only a tenth of blind people find the guide dogs helpful.tenth of blind people find the guide dogs helpful.

Speaking PracticeSpeaking Practice

• Practice I

• Practice II

• Practice III

Oral PracticeOral Practice


Speaking Practice ISpeaking Practice I

Divide into groups, discuss the following questions in your groups.Divide into groups, discuss the following questions in your groups.

Do you want to accept his advice? Why or why not?Do you want to accept his advice? Why or why not?

What special advice does he give his readers before he begins What special advice does he give his readers before he begins listing his rules?listing his rules?

What are the two things Sam Walton considers important but What are the two things Sam Walton considers important but are not included in his list of rules for building a business?are not included in his list of rules for building a business?


Speaking Practice IISpeaking Practice II


Why does Sam recommend managers listening to everything in Why does Sam recommend managers listening to everything in their company? And how?their company? And how?

Why does Sam recommend managers communicating Why does Sam recommend managers communicating everything to their partners?everything to their partners?

Why does Sam recommend managers motivating their Why does Sam recommend managers motivating their partners? And how?partners? And how?


Speaking Practice IIISpeaking Practice III


Which of Sam’s 10 rules are commonly practiced by Chinese Which of Sam’s 10 rules are commonly practiced by Chinese business? Why is there any other “rule” do you think important business? Why is there any other “rule” do you think important for a successful manager?for a successful manager?

Of Sam’s 10 rules, which do you think is the most important Of Sam’s 10 rules, which do you think is the most important one? Why?one? Why?

1.1. Read Text C, Unit 7Read Text C, Unit 7

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

•• Ex. XVIII Ex. XVIII (p. 250)(p. 250)

•• Ex. XIXEx. XIX (p. 252)(p. 252)

3.3. Preview Text A, Unit 8Preview Text A, Unit 8

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

21st century college english: book 4 unit 7: part c

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