unit 2: cell biology 2.1 cell theory: 1. every living thing is made of one or more cells. 2. cells...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2: Cell Biology2.1 Cell Theory:
1. Every living thing is made of one or more cells.2. Cells carry out the functions to support life.3. Cells are produced by other cells.
2.2 Unicellular: organisms made of a single cell.
2.3 Multicellular: organisms made up of many cells.
Animal Cell Anatomy2.5 Cell Membrane:
Surrounds the cell and regulates what goes in and out of the cell.
2.6 Cytoplasm: A jellylike substance that fills up the cell.
2.7 Nucleus: Contains the DNA of the cell which controls all the cell’s activities.
2.8 Nuclear Membrane: Controls what flows in and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleus
2.9 Mitochondria: Transforms sugar into energy packets (ATP’s) for the cell’s energy uses.
Mitochondria
2.10 Endoplasmic Reticulum: Channels that transport materials through the cell.
2.11 Ribosomes: “Factories” that produce new proteins for cell growth and repair.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Plant Cell Anatomy 2.12 Cell Wall: (Plants
Only) Makes the cell rigid for protection and support (plants don’t need a skeleton for support).
2.13 Vacuole: A sac used to store food, water, wastes.
Plant Cell Anatomy 2.14 Chloroplast: Contains
chlorophyll that enables the cell to make food by sunlight.
2.15 Prokaryotic Cell: A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other organelles.
2.16 Eukaryotic Cell: A cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane.
2.17 Microscope: is an instrument that makes an object appear bigger than it is.
Thinking Question: Why would a microscope be important to a scientist? What type of scientist do think use microscopes and why?
2.18 Diffusion: The movement of molecules from where they are crowded to where they are less crowded. (“Get Away Force”) Example: Dye diffuses through water.
2.19 Osmosis: The diffusion of water through a membrane. (Potato Lab)
Example: 2 beakers with water and semipermeable membranes that allow water to pass through but no salt.
2.20 Active Transport: The movement of molecules from a less crowded area to a more crowded area using cellular energy (ATP).
2.21 ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The energy molecule that all cells run on.
2.22 Glucose (C6H12O6): A sugar molecule that is a major source for most cells.
RespirationRaw Materials
1. Glucose (Sugar)
2. O2 (oxygen)
Products1. CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
2. H20 (water)
3. 38 ATP
Respiration / Fermentation Paper• 1st Paragraph
– What is ATP?– What cell structure makes ATP?– Why do our cells need ATP?
• 2nd Paragraph– What is Cell Respiration?– What are the raw materials? – What are the products?
• 3rd Paragraph– What is Fermentation?– What are the raw materials?– What are the products?
2.25 Photosynthesis: The process that plant cells use to change the energy from
sunlight into sugar.
Water
(C02)
Sunlight
Oxygen
⏎Sugar
2.27 There are 4 main types of large molecules that make up living things: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
2.28 These molecules work together in a cell to perform all cell functions.
2.29 Carbohydrates: A type of molecule made up of subunits of sugars and used for energy
and structure.
2.30 Lipids: A type of molecule made up of subunits of fatty acids. Lipids are found in fats, oils, and waxes use for structure and to store energy.
2.31 Proteins: A type of molecule made up of chains of amino acid subunits. Proteins
control the chemical activity of a cell and support growth and repair.