UNIT 1page 4temper n If you refer to sb’s temper or saythat they have a temper, you mean that theybecome angry very easily. u He had a temperand could be nasty. tøõ÷éêÞ êáôÜóôáóç,“äéÜèåóç”, ÷áñáêôÞñáòmood n If sb is in a mood, the way they arebehaving shows that they are feeling angryand impatient. u She was obviously in a mood.t(øõ÷éêÞ) äéÜèåóçrude adj When people are rude, they act inan impolite way towards other people or sayimpolite things about them. u He’s rude to herfriends and obsessively jealous. táãåíÞòlet out If sth or sb lets water, air, or breathout, they allow it to flow out or escape. u Itlets sunlight in but doesn’t let heat out.tåêëýù, åêâÜëëù, áöÞíùlet down If you let sb down, you disappointthem, by not doing sth that you have said youwill do or that they expected you to do. u Don’t worry, Xiao, I won’t let you down.táðïãïçôåýùcriticism n Criticism is the action of express-ing disapproval of sth or sb. A criticism is astatement that expresses disapproval. u Thepolicy had repeatedly come under strong criti-cism on Capitol Hill. tåðßêñéóç, êñéôéêÞreview n A review of a situation or system isits formal examination by people in authority.This is usually done in order to see whether itcan be improved or corrected.u The president ordered a review of US eco-nomic aid to Jordan. táîéïëüãçóçmake a scene To make a scene is to cause acommotion. u The little boy made a scene,kicking and screaming and crying, when hismother wouldn’t buy him an ice cream cone.täçìéïõñãþ ðñüâëçìásibling n Your siblings are your brothers andsisters. u His siblings are mostly in their earlytwenties. táäåëöÞ -üònaughty adj If you say that a child isnaughty, you mean that they behave badly ordo not do what they are told. u Girls, you’rebeing very naughty. tÜôáêôïòfrustrated adj Disappointed, discouragedu Those questions frustrated me.táðïãïçôåõìÝíïòindifferent adj If you accuse sb of being in-different to sth, you mean that they have acomplete lack of interest in it. u People havebecome indifferent to the suffering of others.táäéÜöïñïòoverprotective adj To be overprotective isto be a little too controlling over sb, but withgood intentions. u The mother was overpro-tective of her daughter and wouldn’t let herleave the house alone. tõðåñðñïóôáôåõôéêüòstressed adj If you are stressed, you feeltense and anxious because of difficulties inyour life. uWork out what situations or peoplemake you feel stressed and avoid them.táã÷ùìÝíïòreluctant adj If you are reluctant to do sth,you are unwilling to do it and hesitate beforedoing it, or do it slowly and without enthusi-asm. u The police are very reluctant to get in-volved in this sort of thing. táðñüèõìïòwilling adj If sb is willing to do sth, they arefairly happy about doing it and will do it if theyare asked or required to do it. u The militarynow say they’re willing to hold talks with the

political parties. tðñüèõìïògrade n Your grade in an examination orpiece of written work is the mark you get, usu-ally in the form of a letter or number, that indi-cates your level of achievement. uWhat gradeare you hoping to get? t âáèìüò, âáèìïëïãßápermission n If sb who has authority overyou gives you permission to do sth, they saythat they will allow you to do it. u He askedpermission to leave the room. t Üäåéálicense n A licence is an official documentwhich gives you permission to do, use, or ownsth. u He was driving without a driving licenset Üäåéáconfuse v To confuse sb means to make itdifficult for them to know exactly what is hap-pening or what to do. u Politics surprised andconfused him. t ðñïêáëþ óýã÷éóç,ìðåñäåýùrefuse v If you refuse to do sth, you deliber-ately do not do it, or you say firmly that youwill not do it. u He refused to comment afterthe trial. táñíïýìáéprioritize v If you prioritize the tasks that youhave to do, you decide which are the most im-portant and do them first. uMake lists of whatto do and prioritize your tasks. täßíù Þêáèïñßæù ðñïôåñáéüôçôácompromise v Adjust; settle, agree; strike abalance u You can’t always have what youwant; you have to compromise.tóõìâιβάζοìαιprove v If sth proves to be true or to have aparticular quality, it becomes clear after a pe-riod of time that it is true or has that quality.uWe have been accused of exaggerating be-fore, but unfortunately all our reports provedto be true. táðïäåéêíýù-ïìáéapprove v If sb in a position of authority ap-proves a plan or idea, they formally agree to itand say that it can happen. u The Greek Parlia-ment has approved a program of radical eco-nomic reforms. tåãêñßíùentrust v If you entrust sth important to sbor entrust them with it, you make them re-sponsible for looking after it or dealing with it.u He was forced to entrust an assistant withthe important task of testing and demonstrat-ing aircraft to prospective customers.tåìðéóôåýïìáépriority n If sth is a priority, it is the mostimportant thing you have to do or deal with, ormust be done or dealt with before everythingelse you have to do. u Being a parent is herfirst priority. tðñïôåñáéüôçôácontradict v If you contradict sb, you saythat what they have just said is wrong, or sug-gest that it is wrong by saying sth different.u She dared not contradict him. táíôéêñïýùcomplain v If you complain about a situa-tion, you say that you are not satisfied with it.uMiners have complained bitterly that thegovernment did not fulfill their promises.tðáñáðïíïýìáépeer pressure n Peer pressure is when sbfeels forced to act in a certain way or conformto certain values or do certain things becauseof social pressure. u He didn’t want to jump offthe big rock into the lake but all his friends toldhim he should and he felt peer pressured intoit. tåðéññïÞ áðü ôïõò ößëïõò ÞóõíïìÞëéêïõòaggressive adj An aggressive person or ani-mal has a quality of anger and determination

that makes them ready to attack other people.u Some children are much more aggressivethan others. tåðéèåôéêüòconfident adj If you are confident aboutsth, you are certain that it will happen in theway you want it to. u I am confident thateverything will come out right in time.tâÝâáéïò, ðåðåéóìÝíïò, óßãïõñïòconscious adj If you are conscious of sth,you notice it or realize that it is happening. uHe was conscious of the faint, musky aroma ofaftershave. tóõíåéäçôüò, ðïõ Ý÷åé óõíåßäçóçget along with v If you get along with sb youlike each other and don’t have trouble beingaround each other. u At university I shared mybedroom with another girl. It was a good thingI got along with her. tÝ÷ù êáëÝò ó÷Ýóåéò ìåcommunicate v If you communicate with sb,you share or exchange information with them,for example by speaking, writing, or usingequipment. You can also say that two peoplecommunicate. uMy natural mother has nevercommunicated with me. tåðéêïéíùíþindependent adj If sb is independent, theydo not need help or money from anyone else.u Phil was now much more independent of hisparents. táíåîÜñôçôïòguidance n Guidance is help and advice.u The nation looks to them for guidance.têáèïäÞãçóç, âïÞèåéáleadership n Sb’s leadership is their posi-tion or state of being in control of a group ofpeople. u He praised her leadership during thecrisis. táñ÷çãßá, çãåóßápessimistic adj Sb who is pessimistic thinksthat bad things are going to happen. u Noteveryone is so pessimistic about the future.táðáéóéüäïîïòoptimistic adj Sb who is optimistic is hopefulabout the future or the success of sth in partic-ular. u The President says she is optimistic thatan agreement can be worked out soon.táéóéüäïîïò

page 5ambitious adj Sb who is ambitious has astrong desire to be successful, rich, or power-ful. u He’s a very ambitious lad and he wantsto play at the highest level. töéëüäïîïòcritical adj To be critical of sb or sth meansto criticize them. u His report is highly criticalof the trial judge. tåðéêñéôéêüòdesire n A desire is a strong wish to do orhave sth. u I had a strong desire to help andcare for people. tåðéèõìßásensitive adj If you are sensitive aboutsth, you are easily worried and offended whenpeople talk about it. u Young people are verysensitive about their appearance. tåõáßóèçôïòarrogant adj Sb who is arrogant behavesin a proud, unpleasant way towards other peo-ple because they believe that they are moreimportant than others. u He was so arrogantabout everything that most of his friendsstopped talking to him because they were sickof hearing it. táëáæüíáò, õðåñüðôçòblush v When you blush, your face becomesredder than usual because you are ashamed orembarrassed. u `Hello, Maria,’ he said, and sheblushed again. têïêêéíßæù áðü íôñïðÞeasy-going adj If you describe sb as easy-going, you mean that they are not easily an-noyed, worried, or upset, and you think this isa good quality. u He was easy-going and good-

SMART SKILLSENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY

natured. têáëüâïëïòcreative adj A creative person has theability to invent and develop original ideas, es-pecially in the arts. u Like so many creativepeople he was never satisfied. täçìéïõñãéêüòfind fault To find fault is to discover weak-ness in sth or sb. Usually refers to when some-body always tries to do this. t âñßóêùøåãÜäéáreserved adj Sb who is reserved keepstheir feelings hidden. u He was unemotional,quite quiet, and reserved. tåðéöõëáêôéêüò,óõãêñáôçìÝíïòaid n To offer aid to sb means to propose tohelp or assist them. u They offered aid to theflood victims. tâïÞèåéáhospitality n Hospitality is friendly, welcom-ing behaviour towards guests or people youhave just met. u Every visitor to Georgia isoverwhelmed by the kindness, charm and hos-pitality of the people. töéëïîåíßáproposal n A proposal is a plan or an idea,often a formal or written one, which is sug-gested for people to think about and decideupon. u The President is to put forward newproposals for resolving the country’s constitu-tional crisis. tåéóÞãçóç, ðñüôáóçpatience n If you have patience, you are ableto stay calm and not get annoyed, for examplewhen sth takes a long time, or when sb is notdoing what you want them to do. u He doesn’thave the patience to wait. tõðïìïíÞreputation n To have a reputation for sthmeans to be known or remembered for it. u He has a reputation for being a very de-pressing writer. tõðüëçøç, öÞìçsociable adj Sociable people are friendlyand enjoy talking to other people. u She was,and remained, extremely sociable, enjoyingdancing, golf, tennis, skating and bicycling.têïéíùíéêüòoffensive adj Sth that is offensive upsets orembarrasses people because it is rude or in-sulting. u Some friends of his found the playhorribly offensive. tåðéèåôéêüògenerous adj A generous person givesmore of sth, especially money, than is usual orexpected. u The gift is generous by any stan-dards. tãåííáéüäùñïòdeceitful adj If you say that sb is deceitful,you mean that they behave in a dishonest wayby making other people believe sth that is nottrue. u They claimed the government had beendeceitful. táðáôçëüòhostile adj Sb who is hostile is unfriendlyand aggressive. u Drinking may make a personfeel relaxed and happy, or it may make herhostile, violent, or depressed. tå÷èñéêüòobedient adj A person or animal who isobedient does what they are told to do. u Hewas very respectful at home and obedient tohis parents. tõðÜêïõïò, åõðåéèÞòtrustworthy adj A trustworthy person is re-liable, responsible, and can be trusted com-pletely. u He is a trustworthy and level-headedleader. tÜîéïò åìðéóôïóýíçò, áîéüðéóôïòstubborn adj Sb who is stubborn or who be-haves in a stubborn way is determined to dowhat they want and is very unwilling to changetheir mind. u He is a stubborn character usedto getting his own way. tðåéóìáôÜñçò, ðïõäåí áëëÜæåé ãíþìç åýêïëáloyal adj Sb who is loyal remains firm intheir friendship or support for a person orthing. u They had remained loyal to the presi-dent. táöïóéùìÝíïò, ðéóôüòsupportive adj If you are supportive, you arekind and helpful to sb at a difficult or unhappy

time in their life. u They were always support-ive of each other. têÜðïéïò ðïõ ìðïñåßò íáóôçñé÷èåßòselfish adj If you say that sb is selfish, youmean that he or she cares only about himselfor herself, and not about other people. u Ithink I’ve been very selfish. I’ve been mainlyconcerned with myself. tåãùéóôÞòdevelop v If you develop an idea, theory,story, or theme, or if it develops, it graduallybecomes more detailed, advanced, or com-plex. u I would like to thank them for allowingme to develop their original idea.táíáðôýóóù-ïìáéstrengthen v If sth strengthens a person orgroup or if they strengthen their position, theybecome more powerful and secure, or morelikely to succeed. u To strengthen his positionin Parliament, he held talks with leaders of thePeasant Party. tåíéó÷ýù-ïìáé, éó÷õñïðïéþarise v If a situation or problem arises, it be-gins to exist or people start to become aware.u The birds also attack crops when the oppor-tunity arises. tåìöáíßæïìáé, ðñïêýðôùdevoted adj Sb who is devoted to a personloves that person very much. u Today, 50 yearson and three children later, the couple are stilldevoted to one another. táöïóéùìÝíïòbe attached to If you are attached to sb orsth, you like them very much. u She is very at-tached to her family and friends.tóõíäåüìåíïò ìå äåóìïýò áãÜðçòbe fond of If you are fond of sb, you feel af-fection for them. u I am very fond of Michael.tóõìðáèþ, ìïõ áñÝóåé appeal v If sth appeals to you, you find it at-tractive or interesting. u On the other hand,the idea appealed to him. t ìïõ áñÝóåé

page 8conservative adj t áðñüèõìïò íááðïäå÷èåß êáéíïôïìßåò, "óõíôçñçôéêüò"wiry adj t óõñìáôþäçò (ìôö. ëåðôüò êáéíåõñþäçò)average n t ìÝóïò üñïòbalding adj t ðïõ áñ÷ßæåé íá áðïêôÜöáëÜêñábushy adj t äáóýôñé÷ïò, ôñé÷ùôüò,öïõíôùôüòtorn adj t ó÷éóìÝíïòdreadlocked adj t ðïõ Ý÷åé êüììùóç ìå ðëåîïýäåòshabby adj t êáêÞò êáôÜóôáóçò, "Üèëéïò","åëååéíüò"spiky adj t ðïõ áãêõëþíåé, áêéäùôüò,áãêáèåñüò, "Üãñéïò"slender adj t ëåðôüòfreckled adj t öáêéäéÜñçò, öáêéäéáóìÝíïòplump adj t áöñÜôïò, ðá÷ïõëüò,óôñïõìðïõëüòslim adj t ëåðôüò, ëåðôïêáìùìÝíïò,ëõãåñüêïñìïòskinny adj t ëéðüóáñêïò, êÜôéó÷íïò, πολύαδύνατοςmuscular adj t ìõþäçòadolescent n t Ýöçâïòalmond-shaped eyes adj t áìõãäáëïìÜôçòcrooked nose n t ãáìøÞ ìýôçworn out adj t õðåñâïëéêÜ öèáñìÝíïò,êïõñåëéáóìÝíïòlooks like v t ìïéÜæει ìå/ óáí..spitting image n t áðåéêüíéóç,ðáíïìïéüôõðïtake after phr v t ìéìïýìáé ôïí../ ìïéÜæùôïý../ðáßñíù óôï êáôüðé ôïí.. look alike v t μοιάζωsimilar to adj t üìïéïò, ðáñüìïéïò,ðáñåìöåñÞòfeatures n t ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêά (ðñïóþðïõ)

page 9(in)secure adj t áíáóöáëÞò(in)consistent adj t óôåñïýìåíïòóôáèåñüôçôáò Þ óõíÝðåéáò, Üóôáôïò, åõìåôÜâëçôïò, áëëïðñüóáëëïò(in)consistency n t Ýëëåéøç óôáèåñüôçôáòÞ óõíÝðåéáò, "áóôÜèåéá"(dis)honest adj t áíÝíôéìïò(im)patience n t áíõðïìïíçóßá, well-balanced adj t óõíåôüò êáé íçöÜëéïòintrovert adj t åóùóôñåöÞòextrovert adj t åîùóôñåöÞò, åîùóôñåöÝòÜôïìïunstable adj t áóôáèÞò, "ñåõóôüò",åõìåôÜâëçôïòfirm v t óôáèåñïðïéþ, ðáãéþíùmutual adj t áìïéâáßïòfragile adj t åýèñáõóôïòconflicting adj t áíôéêñïõüìåíoògenuine adj t ãíÞóéïò, áõèåíôéêüòintimate adj t ïéêåßïò, (óôåíÜ) öéëéêüòrewarding adj t ðïõ ðñïóöÝñåééêáíïðïßçóç Þ äéêáéþíåé ôïõò êüðïõòhostile adj t å÷èñéêüòconstuctive adj t åðïéêïäïìçôéêüòdeceitful adj t áðáôçëüòcompassionate adj t ðïõ áéóèÜíåôáé Þäåß÷íåé óõìðüíéá, óõìðïíåôéêüò, óðëá÷íéêüòarrogant n t áëáæüíáò, õðåñüðôçòtrustworthy adj t Üîéïò åìðéóôïóýíçò,áîéüðéóôïòindiscreet adj t óôåñïýìåíïò áâñüôçôáò Þôáêô, áäéÜêñéôïòindecisive adj t ìç áðïöáóéóôéêüòrebel v t åðáíáóôáôþ reserved adj t åðéöõëáêôéêüò,óõãêñáôçìÝíïòsuperficial adj t åðéφανειαêüò, åðéðüëáéïò

page 10let down phr v t ðñïäßäù ôçíåìðéóôïóýíçstand by phr v t óõìðáñßóôáìáé /óõíôñÝ÷ùfall out phr v t öéëïíéêþ, äéáðëçêôßæïìáéput up with phr v t áíÝ÷ïìáémake up phr v t σταματώ τη διαμάχηgets on with phr v t έχω καλές σχέσειςμε...look up to phr v t óÝâïìáé ôïí..break off phr v t äéáêüðôù êÜèå ó÷Ýóçìå..look down on phr v t âëÝðù áö' õøçëïýôïí..picks quarrel expr t óôÞíù êáõãÜ ìå..trivial adj t áóÞìáíôïò, åðïõóéþäçò,áíáîéüëïãïòconfidence slips expr t ÷Üíεôáé çåìðéóôïóýíçset new priorities expr t èÝôùðñïôåñáéüôçôåòcritical adj t åðéêñéôéêüò, åðéôéìçôéêüòhas a good sense of humour expr t Ý÷ειáßóèçóç ôïõ ÷éïýìïñtake everything to heart expr t παίρνω ταπάντα κατάκαρδαbadges n t êïíêÜñäεò

page 11crucial adj t æùôéêüò, êñßóéìïò, êáßñéïò,ýøéóôçò óçìáóßáònuclear family n t ïéêïãÝíåéá (ðïõáðáñôßæåôáé áðü ðáôÝñá, ìçôÝñá êáé ðáéäéÜ)extended family n t åêôåôáìÝíç ïéêïãÝíåéá,σόι, συγγενολόι (èåßïé, èåßåò, îáäÝëöéáê.ë.ð.)

page 14charismatic adj t ÷áñéóìáôéêüò,ðñïéêéóìÝíïò (áðü ôï èåßï Þ ôç öýóç)integrity n t áêåñáéüôçôá

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY2

UNIT 2page 16superior adj t ανώτεροςtriumph n t θρίαμβοςdetermination n t αποφασιστικότηταstruggle n t αγώνας, μάχηpay off v t αποδίδωrefer v t αναφέρομαι ambition n t φιλοδοξία, στόχοςfulfil v t εκπληρώνωinspire v t εμπνέωapparent adj t φανερός, εμφανήςemerge v t προβάλλω, αναδύομαι, φαίνο-μαιinitially adv t αρχικά, πρώταsurpass v t ξεπερνώsustain v t διατηρώ, συντηρώ

page 17absent adj t απώνmotive n t κίνητροgraduate v t αποφοιτώbenefit n t πλεονέκτημα, προνόμιοentail v t συνεπάγομαι, συνεπιφέρωenforce v t εφαρμόζω, επιβάλλωenroll v t γράφομαι, δηλώνομαιenquire v t ρωτάωadministration n t διοίκησηsacrifice n t θυσίαsort n t είδος, τύποςtuition fees t δίδακτραattendance n t παρουσίαsubject n t μάθημαaccommodation n t στέγασηdrop out n t ο φοιτητής που έχει εγκατα-λείψει τις σπουδές τουdistraction n t περισπασμός, σύγχισηfreshman n t πρωτοετήςcompulsory adj t υποχρεωτικόςdormitory n t φοιτιτική εστία, κοιτώναςorientation n t ενημέρωση, καθοδήγηση,προσανατολισμόςcorporal punishment t σωματική ποινήoutrageous adj t εξοργιστικόςregain v t ανακτώconsciousness n t αισθήσεις

page 18power cut n A power cut is a period of timewhen the electricity supply to a particularbuilding or area is stopped, sometimes deliber-ately. u There was a power cut and everythinggot dark! täéáêïðÞ ñåýìáôïò

page 20wreath n t óôåöÜíé ëïõëïõäéþíparade n t ðáñÝëáóç resolution n t áðüöáóç, øÞöéóìá practical joke n t öÜñóáanniversary n t åðÝôåéïòpropose/ drink a toast v t åãåßñù ðñüðïóçburn the guy expr t ôåëåôïõñãéêÞ ÞðñïåéäïðïéçôéêÞ ðõñÜ êáýóçòáðïññéììÜôùí / õðáßèñéá åïñôáóôéêÞ ðõñÜfloat n t (áðïêñéÜôéêï êëð.) Üñìáchristen v t äßíù (ìå èñçóêåõôéêÞ ôåëåôÞ)÷ñéóôéáíéêü üíïìá, âáðôßæùgraduation n t áðïöïßôçóçbride n t íýöç, íõìöåõüìåíçbridegroom n t ãáìðñüò, íõìößïòtuxedo n t åðßóçìï âñáäéíü áíäñéêüêïóôïýìé, óìüêéíbest man n t êïõìðÜñïò / êïõìðÜñïò(ãÜìïõ) / ðáñÜíõìöïòbridesmaid n t (íåáñÞ ãõíáßêá)ðáñÜíõìöïò

page 21come round phr v t åðéóêÝðôïìáédress up phr v t íôýíïìáé åðßóçìátry on phr v t ðñïâÜñù (ñïý÷ï)call up phr v t ôçëåöùíþ

hang up phr v t êëåßíù ôçëÝöùíïspirits n t ðíåýìáôá, øõ÷Ýòdisguise v t ìåôáìöéÝæù, ìáóêáñåýùconspirator n t óõíùìüôçò, óêåõùñüòblow up phr v t áíáôéíÜæùspectacular adj t èåáìáôéêüòfirework displays n t åðßäåéîç ìåðõñïôå÷íÞìáôá

page 22content v t áñêïýìáésemi-detached house n t äéðëïêáôïéêßá,çìéáíåîÜñôçôï óðßôé (ìßáò Þ äýï ìåóïôïé÷éþí)former adj t ðñþçífeatures n t ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ

page 27caterer n t ðñïìçèåõôÞò, ôñïöïäüôçò /éäéïêôÞôçò Þ äéåõèõíôÞò îåíïäï÷åßïõ,åóôéáôüñéïõ êôë.

UNIT 3page 28brochure n t φυλλάδιο, προσπέκτουςincline v t κλίνω, τείνωsophisticated adj t εξελιγμένος, πολύπλο-κοςspotlessly adv t άψογαequipped adj t εξοπλισμένοςmaintenance n t συντήρησηobtain v t αποκτώlatest adj t τελευταίοςup-to-date adj t ενημερωμένος, σύγχρο-νοςsupervision n t επιτήρησηlecture n t διάλεξηset up v t στήνω, ιδρύωextend v t επεκτείνωsupport staff t προσωπικό υποστήριξηςunique adj t μοναδικόςencounter v t αντιμετωπίζω, συναντώinsufficient adj t ανεπαρκήςqualified adj t προσοντούχοςstaff n t προσωπικόoutdated adj t ξεπερασμένος, πεπαλαι-ωμένοςinadequate adj t ανεπαρκήςfunding n t χρηματοδότηση, επιχορήγηση

page 29satisfy v t ικανοποιώinvolve v t περιλαμβάνω, εμπλέκωinclude v t περιλαμβάνω, περιέχωpretend v t προσποιούμαι, υποκρίνομαιdefend v t υπερασπίζομαιswallow v t καταπίνωchew v t μασάωnibble v t τσιμπολογάωdecrease v t μειώνομαι, ελαττώνομαιdeteriorate v t επιδεινώνομαι, χειροτε-ρεύωdevour v t καταβροχθίζω, κατατρώωedible adj t βρώσιμος, φαγώσιμοςindigestible adj t δύσπεπτος, δυσκολοχώ-νευτοςchewing gum n t τσίχλα, μαστίχαsubstance n t ουσία, υλική υπόστασηassumption n t υπόθεση, θεώρηση, εικα-σίαcasualty n t απώλειαvanish v t εξαφανίζομαιabandon v t εγκαταλείπω, παρατάωprofitable adj t επικερδής, αποδοτικόςachievable adj t εφικτός, επιτεύξιμοςreduce v t μειώνω, ελαττώνωexpenses n t έξοδα, δαπάνεςconsumption (n) κατανάλωσηnutritionist (n) διατροφολόγος

page 31

on the point of phr When you are on thepoint of doing sth you are about to do it. Mostcommonly it is used for emphasis. u I am onthe point of just calling this marriage off! t óôï óçìåßï íá...about to phr When you are about to dosth you are going to do it in the very near fu-ture and you are prepared. u I am about to goto the gym, but I’ll call you when I get back.tÝôïéìïò íá...in store phr When you have sth in store itmeans there is sth that is going to happen atsome point in the future. u I know he has sthin store for me when I finally get back home. t áíáöÝñåôáé óå êÜôé ðïõ åðßêåéôáé íá óõìâåßshuttle spacecraft n A shuttle spacecraft is areusable spacecraft with wings for controlleddescent in the atmosphere, designed to trans-port astronauts between Earth and an orbitingspace station and also used to deploy and re-trieve satellites. u The shuttle spacecraft willbe launched at noon. t äéáóôçìüðëïéï

page 32stumble v t óêïíôÜöôù, óêïõíôïõöëþplaster n t ãýøïòcrutches n t äåêáíßêéá, ðáôåñßôóåòstitches n t ñÜììáôáacupuncture n t âåëïíïèåñáðåßá,âåëïíéóìüò, âåëïíïíõîßáreflexology n t ñåöëåîïëïãßávirus n t ιόςbuild up phr v t αποκτώ ή αναπτύσσωimmune system n t ανοσοπïéçôéêü óýóôçìá

page 33break down phr v t ãêñåìßæù /åîïõäåôåñþíù / êáôåäáößæù / óõíôñßâùrun over sb phr v t χτυπάω με το όχημάμου κάποιον και περνάω από πάνω του run into/ crash into phr v t ðñïêáëþðñüóêñïõóç / óýãêñïõóç ìå.. / ôñáêÜñùìåset out/ off phr v t îåêéíþpull out phr v t Ýëêù, ôñáâþ, óýñùpull up phr v t (ãéá ü÷çìá) óôáèìåýùovertake v t êáôáöèÜíù, ðñïöôáßíù,"ðéÜíù"poor visibility n t êáêÞ ïñáôüôçôástationary adj t áêßíçôïò, óôÜóéìïò,óôáèåñüòcollide with v t ðñïóêñïýù,óõãêñïýïìáé, ôñáêÜñùcompetent adj t éêáíüò, Üîéïò

page 34health is failing phr t êáôÜññåõóçêáôÜóôáóçς õãåßáòget over an illness phr t îåðåñíþ /óõíÝñ÷ïìáé áðü áóèÝíåéá, áññþóôåéáthrow off an illness expr t απαλλάσομαιαπό μια ασθένειαhealth is picking up expr t η υγεία μου κα-λυτερεύειnot feeling myself expr t δεν νιώθω τονεαυτό μουswollen eyes n t ìÜôéá ðñçóìÝíá

page 35passer-by adj t áõôüò ðïõ ãõñíÜåé ðßóù óåÝíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï ìÝñïò åéäéêÜ üôáí Ý÷åéóõìâåß êÜôé ðáñÜîåíïmumps n t ìáãïõëÜäåòinfectious adj t ìïëõóìáôéêüò, ëïéìþäçò,ìåôáäïôéêüò, "êïëëçôéêüò"

page 38regret v t èëßâïìáé, ëõðïýìáé,

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY3

óôåíï÷ùñïýìáéappreciated adj t áíôéëáìâÜíïìáé êáéåðéäïêéìÜæù, áðïëáìâÜíù / åêôéìþ

UNIT 4page 40petty adj (problems, rules, arguments) unim-portant or relate to unimportant things. uHe was miserable all the time and rows wouldstart over petty things. t áóÞìáíôïòpetty offence t ðôáßóìá, ìéêñïðáñÜðôùìáhomicide n Homicide is the illegal killing of aperson. u The police arrived at the scene of thehomicide. t áíèñùðïêôïíßájuvenile deliquency n destruction of prop-erty and other criminal behaviour that is com-mitted by young people who are not oldenough to be legally considered as adults. t åãêëçìáôéêüôçôá áíçëßêùílink n If there is a link between two things orsituations, there is a relationship betweenthem, for example because one thing causes oraffects the other. u...the link between smokingand lung cancer. t “óõíäåôéêüò êñßêïò”,ó÷Ýóç, óýíäåóìïòastray adv If you are led astray by sb or sth,you behave badly or foolishly because of them.u The judge thought he’d been led astray byolder children. t Ýîù áðü ôï óùóôü äñüìï,óå îåóôñÜôçìáto have bone to pick If you have a bone topick with sb, you have a dispute to settle withthem. u Don’t you dare leave yet, I have abone to pick with you. t Ý÷ù (ðñïçãïýìåíåò)äéáöïñÝòfar-reaching adj If you describe actions,events, or changes as far-reaching, you meanthat they have a very great influence and affecta great number of things. u The economy is indanger of collapse unless far-reaching reformsare implemented. t Ýíôïíïò,ìáêñõðñüèåóìïòrepercussion n If an action or event has reper-cussions, it causes unpleasant things to happensome time after the original action or event.(FORMAL) uMembers of congress werewarned of possible repercussions if their votewent through. t áðÞ÷çóç, áíôßêôõðïò,åðßðôùóçoutbreak n If there is an outbreak of sth un-pleasant, such as violence or a disease, it sud-denly starts to happen. u The four-day festivalended a day early after an outbreak of violenceinvolving hundreds of youths. t îÝóðáóìá,“Ýêñçîç”detention n a punishment for naughty school-children, who are made to stay at school afterthe other children have gone home. u Theteacher kept the boys in detention afterschool. t êñÜôçóç ìåôÜ ôï ó÷üëáóìá (ùòôéìùñßá)suspension n Sb’s suspension is their re-moval from school, a job or position for a pe-riod of time or until a decision is made aboutthem. u The athlete received a two-year sus-pension following a positive drug test. t áðïâïëÞ ëßãùí çìåñþíexpulsion n Expulsion is when sb is forced toleave a school, university, or organization. u Her hatred of authority led to her expulsionfrom high school. tïñéóôéêÞ áðïâïëÞ,áðïðïìðÞplead v When sb charged with a crime pleadsguilty or not guilty in a court of law, they offi-cially state that they are guilty or not guilty ofthe crime. uMorris had pleaded guilty to rob-bery. t äçëþíù Ýíï÷ïò

on trial If sb is on trial, they are being tried ina court of law. A trial is a formal meeting in a lawcourt, at which a judge and jury listen to evi-dence and decide whether a person is guilty ofa crime. uHe will go on trial later this monthcharged with murder.tóå äßêç, õðü åêäßêáóç

page 41law n a system of rules that a society or gov-ernment develops in order to deal with crime,business agreements, and social relationships.You can also use the law to refer to the peoplewho work in this system. u Obscene andthreatening phone calls are against the law. t íüìïòenforcement n If sb carries out the enforce-ment of an act or rule, they enforce it. u Thedoctors want stricter enforcement of existinglaws, such as those banning sales of cigarettesto children. t (ãéá íüìïõò êôë.) åðéâïëÞ,åöáñìïãÞcrime n A crime is an illegal action or activityfor which a person can be punished by law. u Endangering their lives will be regarded as acrime against humanity. t Ýãêëçìá, (ðïéíéêü)áäßêçìá, êáêïýñãçìárate n The rate at which sth happens is thenumber of times it happens over a period oftime. u Britain held the unenviable record ofhaving the highest divorce rate in Europe. táíáëïãßá, ðïóïóôücriminal record n a list of crimes for whichan accused person has been previously con-victed. u The burglar had a criminal record amile long.tðïéíéêü ìçôñþïdeath penalty n the punishment of deathused in some countries for people who havecommitted very serious crimes. u If convictedfor murder, both youngsters could face thedeath penalty. tèáíáôéêÞ ðïéíÞlife imprisonment n If sb is sentenced to lifeimprisonment, they are sentenced to stay inprison for the rest of their life, or for a verylong period of time. téóüâéá êÜèåéñîç burglar alarm n an electric device that makesa bell ring loudly if sb tries to enter a buildingby force. t áíôéäéáññçêôéêü óýóôçìáóõíáãåñìïý, óõíáãåñìüòtheft n the crime of stealing. u Art theft isnow part of organised crime. t êëïðÞbehind bars If you say that sb is behind bars,you mean that they are in prison. u Fisher wasbehind bars lastnight, charged with attempted murder. t ðßóùáðü ôá êÜãêåëá (öõëáêÞò) vow n If you vow to do sth, you make a seri-ous promise or decision that you will do it. uWhile many models vow to go back to college,few do. t õðüó÷åóç, üñêïòdeserve v If you say that a person or thingdeserves sth, you mean that they should haveit or receive it because of their actions or qual-ities. u Government officials clearly deservesome of the blame as well. t äéêáéïýìáé,áîßæù, ìïõ áîßæåé, ìïõ ðñÝðåégrant a request If you grants sb’s request, youdo what they ask you do it (usually politely). uI granted his requested and tidied up my room.téêáíïðïéþ áßôçìálay a trap If you lay a trap for sb you create asituation or scenario in which to deceive them.t óôÞíù ðáãßäálay the foundations If you lay the foundationfor sth you set up or begin the early work thatforms the basis for future work. u He reallylaid the foundations for the research, but it isup to me to follow through on it. t èÝôù, âÜæùôá èåìÝëéá

lay an ambush If sb is laying an ambush,they are planning to attack sb by hiding andwaiting for them. uWe laid an ambush thatwe wll carry out later today. tóôÞíù êáñôÝñélegislation n Legislation consists of a law orlaws passed by a government. (FORMAL) u...aletter calling for legislation to protect women’srights. t íïìïèåóßáblunder n A blunder is a stupid or carelessmistake. u I think he made a tactical blunderby announcing it so far ahead of time. tãêÜöáprobation n Probation is a period of timeduring which a person who has committed acrime has to obey the law and be supervisedby a probation officer, rather than being sentto prison. u A young woman admitted threetheft charges and was put on probation fortwo years. t õðü áóôõíïìéêÞ åðéôÞñçóçforgery n The crime of printing money, docu-ments, or paintings illegally, or without authori-sation. uHe was found guilty of forgery.tðëáóôïãñÜöçóç, ðëáóôïãñáößáblackmail v To Blackmail sb is to threaten toreveal a secret about sb, unless they do sthyou tell them to do, such as giving you money.u It looks like the pictures were being used forblackmail. t åêâéÜæùsmuggle v If sb smuggles things or peopleinto a place or out of it, they take them thereillegally or secretly. uMy message is `If you tryto smuggle drugs you are stupid’. täéåîÜãùëáèñåìðüñéï, äéáêéíþ ðáñÜíïìájoyride v If sb joyrides, they steal a car anddrive around in it at high speed. t ïäçãþêëåììÝíï áõôïêßíçôï ìå ìåãÜëç ôá÷ýôçôámug v If sb mugs you, they attack you inorder to steal your money. u I was walking outto my car when this guy tried to mug me. t(êáêïðïéþ êáé) ëçóôåýù óå áíïéêôü ÷þñïvandalism n Vandalism is the deliberatedamaging of things, especially public property.u He is a 13-year-old boy whose crime file in-clude theft, vandalism and bullying. tâáíäáëéóìüòkidnap v To kidnap sb is to take them away il-legally and by force, and usually to hold themprisoner in order to demand sth from theirfamily, employer, or government. u Police inBrazil uncovered a plot to kidnap him. táðáãÜãù Üíèñùðïterrorize v If sb terrorizes you, they keep youin a state of fear by making it seem likely thatthey will attack you. u Bands of gunmen havehijacked food shipments and terrorized reliefworkers. tôñïìïêñáôþrobbery n Robbery is the crime of stealingmoney or property from a bank, shop, or vehi-cle, often by using force or threats. u The gangmembers committed dozens of armed rob-beries over the past year. tëçóôåßáaccuse v If you accuse sb of doing sth wrongor dishonest, you say or tell them that you be-lieve that they did it. uMy mom was reallyupset because he was accusing her of havingan affair with another man. t êáôçãïñþ,êáôáããÝëëùexecute v To execute sb means to kill them asa punishment for a serious crime. u This boy’sfather had been executed for conspiringagainst the throne. t èáíáôþíù, åêôåëþêáôÜäéêï Þ êñáôïýìåíïconvict v If sb is convicted of a crime, theyare found guilty of that crime in a law court. uIn 1977 he was convicted of murder and sen-tenced to life imprisonment. têçñýóóùÝíï÷ï, êáôáäéêÜæùprosecute v If the authorities prosecute sb,

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY4

they charge them with a crime and put themon trial. u The police have decided not to pros-ecute because the evidence is not strongenough. t åíÜãù, äéþêù ðïéíéêþòcharge v When the police charge sb, they for-mally accuse them of having done sth illegal. uThey have the evidence to charge him.têáôáããÝëù, êáôçãïñþ, ðñïóÜðôù(êáôçãïñßá)suspect v If you suspect that sth dishonestor unpleasant has been done, you believe thatit has probably been done. If you suspect sb ofdoing an action of this kind, you believe thatthey probably did it. u He suspected that thewoman staying in the flat above was usingheroin. tèåùñþ (êÜðïéïí Þ êÜôé) ýðïðôï,õðïðôåýïìáéarrest v If the police arrest you, they takecharge of you and take you to a police station,because they believe you may have committeda crime. u Police arrested five young men inconnection with one of the attacks.tóõëëáìâÜíù, èÝôù (ðñïóùðï) õðüêñÜôçóçdefend v When a lawyer defends a personwho has been accused of sth, the lawyer ar-gues on their behalf in a court of law that thecharges are not true. This lawyer is commonlycalled the defense. u He has hired a lawyer todefend him against the allegations.tõðåñáóðßæù (ùò óõíÞãïñïò)offend v If sb offends the law or rules, theycommit a crime. u In Western countries girlsare far less likely to offend than boys.tðáñáâéÜæù Þ ðáñáâáßíù ôï íüìïoffence n An offence is a crime that breaks aparticular law and requires a particular punish-ment. u Thirteen people have been chargedwith treasonman offence which can carry thedeath penalty. tðáñÜâáóç (íüìïõ êôë.)ðáñáíïìßá, áäßêçìásentence v When a judge sentences sb, he orshe states in court what their punishment willbe. u A military court sentenced him to deathin his absence. têáôáäéêÜæù, áðáããÝëëù ÞåðéâÜëëù ðïéíÞcondemn v If sb is condemned to a punish-ment, they are given this punishment. u Hewas condemned to life imprisonment.têáôáäéêÜæù, ïñßæù ðïéíÞevidence n Evidence is the informationwhich is used in a court of law to try to provesth. Evidence is obtained from documents, ob-jects, or witnesses. u The evidence against himwas purely circumstantial. t (áðïäåéêôéêü)“óôïé÷åßï” motive n Your motive for doing sth is yourreason for doing it. u Police have ruled outrobbery as a motive for the killing. têßíçôñïalibi n If you have an alibi, you can prove thatyou were somewhere else when a crime wascommitted. u Her alibi seemed suspicious.tÜëëïèé verdict n In a court of law, the verdict is thedecision that is given by the jury or judge atthe end of a trial. u The jury returned a unani-mous guilty verdict. tåôõìçãïñßá åíüñêùíconfiscation n Confiscation is the action oftaking sth away from sb, usually as a punish-ment. u The new laws allow the confiscationof assets purchased with proceeds of the drugstrade. têáôÜó÷åóç, äÞìåõóçallegation n An allegation is a statement say-ing that sb has done sth wrong. u The com-pany has denied the allegations. téó÷õñéóìüòviolation n A violation of the law is a crimethat is less serious than a felony. u Disruptingthe peace is violation of the law and you can

receive a fine if you do it. tðáñÜâáóç,ðáñáâßáóçintruder n sb who goes into a place wherethey are not supposed to be. u The intrudercame in throught the window. têáôáðáôçôÞò(îÝíçò ðåñéïõóßáò), åéóâïëÝáòdeterrent n is sth that prevents people fromdoing sth by making them afraid of what willhappen to them if they do it. u They seriouslybelieve that capital punishment is a deterrent.táðïôñåðôéêü ìÝôñï/ìÝóï, “öüâçôñï”

pages 42-43permission n If sb who has authority overyou gives you permission to do sth, they saythat they will allow you to do it. u He askedpermission to leave the room. tÜäåéácertainty n Certainty is the state of beingdefinite or of having no doubts at all about sth.u I have told them with absolute certaintythere’ll be no change of policy. tâåâáéüôçôálogical assumption n A logical assumptionis an hypothesis based on reason. u He madethe logical assumption that she wouldn’t goout tonight since he knew she had to workearly in the morning. tëïãéêÞ õðüèåóç,óêÝøçprohibition n A prohibition is a law or ruleforbidding sth. u There are prohibitionsagainst feeding birds at the airport.táðáãüñåõóçnecessity n A necessity is sth that you musthave in order to live properly or do sth. uWater is a basic necessity of life.táíáãêáéüôçôá, áíÜãêçobligation n If you have an obligationto do sth, it is your duty to do that thing. uWhen teachers assign homework, studentsusually feel an obligation to do it.tõðï÷ñÝùóçsuggestion n If you make a suggestion,you put forward an idea or plan for sb to thinkabout. u The dietitian was helpful, makingsuggestions as to how I could improve my diet.tðñüôáóçrequest n If you make a request, you po-litely or formally ask someone to do some-thing. u He made an official request that themeeting be postponed. táßôçìápossibility n A possibility is one of severaldifferent things that could be done. u The gov-ernment now owns a lot of our landmone pos-sibility would be to compensate us with otherproperty. tðéèáíüôçôárefusal n Sb’s refusal to do sth is the fact ofthem showing or saying that they will not do it,allow it, or accept it. u Her country sufferedthrough her refusal to accept change.tÜñíçóçimpossibility n Sth that is impossible cannotbe done or cannot happen. u It was impossiblefor anyone to get in because no one knew thepassword. tôï áäýíáôï, ôï áðñáãìáôïðïßçôï

page 43fad n You use fad to refer to an activity ortopic of interest that is very popular for a shorttime, but which people become bored withvery quickly. u Hamnett does not believe envi-ronmental concern is a passing fad.tðåñáóôéêÞ ìüäá, “ôñÝëá”specialty (speciality - British) n Sb’s spe-cialty is a particular type of work that they domost or do best, or a subject that they know alot about. u His specialty is international law.tåéäéêüôçôá, åéäßêåõóçpreference n If you have a preference forsth, you would like to have or do that thing

rather than sth else. u The Bill will allow par-ents the right to express a preference for theschool their child attends. tðñïôßìçóçprospect n If there is some prospect of sthhappening, there is a possibility that it willhappen. u Unfortunately, there is littleprospect of seeing these big questions an-swered. tðñïóäïêßá, äõíáôüôçôá, ðñïïðôéêÞ

page 44homicide n t áíèñùðïêôïíßávandalism n t âáíäáëéóìüòarrest n t óýëëçøçcapture n t óýëëçøçrelease n t Üöåóç, (áð) åëåõèÝñùóçcondemn n t áðïäïêéìáóßá, "êáôáäßêç" flee n t öõãÞsentence n t êáôáäßêç, ðïéíÞcharge n t êáôáããåëßá, êáôçãïñßádefend n t õðåñÜóðéóçaccuse v t êáôçãïñþconvict n t êáôÜäéêïòsue v t åíÜãù, åãåßñù áãùãÞprosecute v t åíÜãù, äéþêù ðïéíéêþòmotive n t êßíçôñïalibi n t Üëëïèéincentive n t êßíçôñïwitness n t ìÜñôõñáòevidence n t Ýíäåéîç, (áðïäåéêôéêü)"óôïé÷åßï"clues n t (êáèïäçãçôéêÞ) Ýíäåéîç, ß÷íïò(plural)accused adj t êáôçãïñïýìåíïòdefendant adj tåíáãüìåíïò/êáôçãïñïýìåíïòvictim n t èýìáinterrogation n t áíÜêñéóçfraud n t áðÜôçdeceit n t áðÜôç, äüëïò, êáôåñãáñéÜrebellion n t áíôáñóßá, åîÝãåñóç,åðáíÜóôáóçdemonstration n t áðüäåéîçriot n t áíáôáñá÷Þ, ôáñá÷Þ, äéáóÜëåõóçôçò äçìüóéáò ôÜîçòrestore v t áðïäßäù óôïí ðñïêÜôï÷ï,"åðéóôñÝöù"blunder n t ãêÜöá, óöÜëìáput on probation phr t èÝôù êÜðïéïíêÜôù áðü áóôõíïìéêÞ åðéôÞñçóçstand trial v t äéêÜæïìáé / ìå ðåñíïýí áðüäßêç restore law and order phr t αποκαθιστώτην τάξη και το νόμοcatch sb red-handed phr t ðéÜíù êÜðïéïíåð' áõôïöþñù / óôá ðñÜóáreceive a fine phr t ëáìâÜíù, ðáßñíùðñüóôéìï, ÷ñçìáôéêÞ ðïéíÞtraffic offence n t ôñï÷áßá ðáñÜâáóçJuvenile delinquency n t åãêëçìáôéêüôçôááíçëßêùíhomelessness n t το íá åßóáé Üóôåãïòunemployment n t áíåñãßádrug addiction n t ôïîéêïìáíßápeer pressure n t πίεση από τους συνομηλί-κουςpoverty-stricken n t ðåñéï÷Þ ðïõ Ý÷åéðëçãåß áðü áíÝ÷åéá, öôþ÷åéáslums n t (ðõêíïêáôïéêçìÝíç)öôù÷ïóõíïéêßá, öôù÷ïãåéôïíéÜ (plural)urban adj t áóôéêüò, ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêüòáóôéêïý êÝíôñïõroam v t ðåñéðëáíþìáé, ðåñéöÝñïìáéstroll n t ðåñßðáôïò, âüëôákidnapping n t âßáéç áðáãùãÞ(áíèñþðïõ) mugging n t ëçóôåßá óå áíïéêôü ÷þñïjoyriding n t κλοπή αυτοκινήτουbuzzing adj t óõíå÷Þòappalling adj t áðáßóéïòweird adj t áöýóéêïò, áëëüêïôïò,áðüêïóìïòrustling adj t ðïõ ðñïêáëåί Þ áíáäßäåé Þ÷ï

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY5

èñïúóìáôïò Þ ôóáëáêþìáôïòcrashing adj t ðïõ ðñïêáëåß âñüíôï,κñüôï, ðÜôáãï áðü âßáéç ðôþóç, ðëÞãìá ÞóðÜóéìïcreaking adj t που παράγει οξύ και ξερόκρότοfaint v t ëéðïèõìþ, ÷Üíù ôéò áéóèÞóåéòìïõdull adj t ìïõíôüò, èáìðüòshrill adj t (ãéá Þ÷ïõò:) ïîýò,äéáðåñáóôéêüòharsh adj t ôñá÷ýòdeafening adj t åêêùöáíôéêüòearsplitting adj t υπερβολικά οξύς, διαπε-ραστικόςclicking adj t ðïõ âãÜæåé ïîý, ìåôáëëéêüÞ÷ï

page 45gasp v t áãêïìá÷þ, êïíôáíáóáßíù,áóèìáßíùstagger v t ðáñáðáßù, êëïíßæïìáé,ôñåêëßæùmumble v t ìïõñìïõñßæù (êáôÜ ôñüðïóôåñïýìåíï åõêñßíåéáò) øåëëßæùlimp v t ÷ùëáßíù, êïõôóáßíùdash v t êéíïýìáé áðüôïìá êáé ãñÞãïñá,ôñÝ÷ù, óðåýäùexclaim v t áíáöùíþ, áíáêñÜæù,êñáõãÜæùshriek v t îåöùíßæù, ôóéñßæù, óôñéãêëßæùwander v t ðåñéðëáíþìáé, ðåñéöÝñïìáé(Üóêïðá)stride v t êéíïýìáé ìå ìåãÜëá âÞìáôá,äéáóêåëßæù, "äñáóêåëßæù", âçìáôßæùyell v t êñáõãÜæù, öùíÜæùcreep v t Ýñðù, óýñïìáé (êëåöôÜ),"ãëéóôñþ" (êéíïýìáé ýðïõëá êáé áèüñõâá)whisper v t øéèõñßæù, ìïõñìïõñßæùtip toe v t ðåñðáôþ óôÜ íý÷éá (ôùíðïäéþí)crawl v t Ýñðù, óÝñíïìáémoan v t âïãêþ, ãïããýæù, óôåíÜæùgroan v t âïããþ, óôåíÜæùcockroach n t êáôóáñßäásob v t êëáßù ìå ëõãìïýò / ëÝãù ìåáíáöéëçôÜstare v t áôåíßæù, èùñþ, êïéôÜæù åðßìïíáglance v t ñß÷íù ìéÜ (âéáóôéêÞ) ìáôéÜ,ñß÷íù âëÝììá, êïéôÜæùglare v t ëÜìðù åêôõöëùôéêÜ,ëáìðïêïðþ, áðáóôñÜðôùgaze v t áôåíßæù, âëÝðù åðßìïíá,ðáñáôçñþ, èùñþshed (tears) v t ÷ýíù (äÜêñõá) / ÷Üíù(öýëëá êôë.), "ñß÷íù"weep v t ÷ýíù äÜêñõá, êëáßùpeep v t êïéôþ êëåöôÜ, êñõöïêïéôÜæùpeer v t êñõöïêïéôÜæùrage n t ïñãÞ, öñÝíéáóìádeliberately adv t ðñïìåëåôçìÝíá,óêïðßìùò, óêüðéìáthreateningly adv t áðåéëçôéêÜincredibly adv t áðßóôåõôáskillfully adv t ìå åðéäåîéüôçôá, ìåìáóôïñéÜde-activated adj t ìç åíåñãüò

page 46overcast adj t που σκεπάζεται με σύννεφαgorgeous adj t ëáìðñüò, èáõìÜóéïòbulky adj t ïãêþäçòdim adj t óêïôåéíüònasty adj t Üó÷çìïò, äõóÜñåóôïò,áíôéðáèÞòmassive adj t ïãêþäçò, ôåñÜóôéïòto my horror phr t με τρόμο μουpetrified adj t êïêáëùìÝíïò (áðü ôñüìï)seized with fear adj t öοβισμένοςover the moon phr t πάνω απ’το φεγγάρι(μτφ.τρισευτυχισμένος)send a chill down my spine expr t ìïõ

ðñïêÜëåóå ñßãç óôç ñá÷ïêïêáëéÜI was scared to death expr t öïâÞèçêá,ôñüìáîá ìÝ÷ñé èáíÜôïõmy hair stood on end expr t ôá ìáëëéÜ ìïõïñèþèçêáí

page 49roam v t ðåñéðëáíþìáé, ðåñéöÝñïìáétrivial matters n t áóÞìáíôá èÝìáôáindentification n t αναγνώριση, εξακρί-βωση ότι κάτι υπάρχει ή είναι αλήθειαround up phr v t (ðåñé)ìáæåýù /óõãêåíôñþíù

page 50suspiciously adv t ìå êá÷õðïøßá,êá÷ýðïðôáwithin fractions of a second expr t óåêëÜóìáôá ôïõ äåõôåñïëÝðôïõ

page 51my heart pounding wildly expr t ç êáñäéÜìïõ ðÞãáéíå íá óðÜóåé

UNIT 5page 52reduce v If you reduce sth, you make itsmaller in size or amount, or less in degree. uIt reduces the risks of heart disease. t ìåéþíùreuse v When you reuse sth, you use itagain instead of throwing it away. u In severalcountries public pressure for recycling plasticsis greater than the pressure to reuse paper. tåðáíá÷ñçóéìïðïéþrecycle v If you recycle things that have al-ready been used, such as bottles or sheets ofpaper, you process them so that they can beused again. u All glass bottles which can’t berefilled can be recycled. t áíáêõêëþíùnatural resources n Natural resources are allthe land, forests, energy sources and mineralsexisting naturally in a place that can be used bypeople. u Angola was a country rich in naturalresources. t öõóéêÝò ðçãÝò, öõóéêïß ðüñïémeasures n When sb, usually a governmentor other authority, takes measures to do sth,they carry out particular actions in order toachieve a particular result. u The governmentwarned that police would take tougher meas-ures to contain the trouble. t ìÝôñáprevent v To prevent sth means to ensurethat it does not happen. u Further treatmentwill prevent cancer from developing. t áðïóïâþ, áðïôñÝðùpretend v If you pretend that sth is the case,you act in a way that is intended to make peo-ple believe that it is the case, although in fact itis not. u Sometimes the boy pretended to beasleep. t ðñïóðïéïýìáé, õðïêñßíïìáé,“ðáñéóôÜíù”habitat n The habitat of an animal or plantis the natural environment in which it normallylives or grows. u Few countries have as rich adiversity of habitat as South Africa. t öõóéêÞêáôïéêßá, öõóéêü ðåñéâÜëëïísubordinate adj Sth that is subordinate tosth else is less important than the other thing.u It was an art in which words were subordi-nate to images. t êáôþôåñïò, äåõôåñåýùírights n Privileges that individuals or groupshave or should have. u The students knew theyhad rights and weren’t going to continue livingin such bad conditions. t äéêáéþìáôáselect v If you select sth, you choose it froma number of things of the same kind. u Votersare selecting candidates for both US Senateseats and for 52 congressional seats. tåðéëÝãù

protect v To protect sb or sth means to pre-vent them from being harmed or damaged. uSo, what can women do to protect themselvesfrom heart disease? t ðñïóôáôåýùendanger v To endanger sth or sb means toput them in a situation where they might beharmed or destroyed completely. t èÝôù óåêßíäõíïspecies n A species is a class of plants oranimals whose members have the same maincharacteristics and are able to breed with eachother. t åßäïò æþïõ endangered species n u They wanted to pro-tect endangered species such as lynx, wolf andseveral species of vulture.t åßäïòáðåéëïýìåíï ìå åîáöÜíéóçconvince v If sb or sth convinces you to dosth, they persuade you to do it. u That week-end in Plattsburgh, he convinced her to goahead and marry Bud. tðåßèùconvert v If one thing is converted or con-verts into another, it is changed into a differentform. u The signal will be converted into digitalcode. tðñïóçëõôßæùstray adj A stray dog or cat has wanderedaway from its owner’s home. u A stray dogcame up to him. táäÝóðïôï Þ “÷áìÝíï” æþïtame adj A tame animal or bird is one thatis not afraid of humans. u They never becametame; they would run away if you approachedthem. tåîçìåñùìÝíïòcontempt n If you have contempt for sb orsth, you have no respect for them or think thatthey are unimportant. u He has contempt forthose beyond his immediate family circle. t ðåñéöñüíçóç, êáôáöñüíéáaffection n If you regard sb or sth with af-fection, you like them and are fond of them. u She thought of him with affection. tóôïñãÞ,ôñõöåñüôçôáadopt v If you adopt sb else’s child, you takeit into your own family and make it legally yourson or daughter. (This can also be applied topets.) u There are hundreds of people desper-ate to adopt a child. t õéïèåôþadapt v If you adapt to a new situation oradapt yourself to it, you change your ideas orbehaviour in order to deal with it successfully.u The world will be different, and we will haveto be prepared to adapt to the change. t ðñïóáñìüæù, åíáñìïíßæù, ôáéñéÜæùrescue v If you rescue sb, you get them outof a dangerous or unpleasant situation. u Heli-copters rescued nearly 20 people from the roofof the burning building. tóþæù, äéáóþæùimminent adj If you say that sth is immi-nent, especially sth unpleasant, you mean it isalmost certain to happen very soon. u Theywarned that an attack is imminent. t(ãéá êÜôéáíåðéèýìçôï) åðéêåßìåíïò, êÜôé ðïõ åðßêåéôáéíá óõìâåßextinction n The extinction of a species ofanimal or plant is the death of all its remainingliving members. u An operation is beginning totry to save a species of crocodile from extinc-tion. tåîÜëåéøç, åîáöÜíéóçprediction n If you make a prediction aboutsth, you say what you think will happen. u Hewas unwilling to make a prediction for thecoming year: `It’s hard to tell which of ourbooks are going to sell.’ tðñüâëåøçmugger n A mugger is a person who attackssb violently in a street in order to steal moneyfrom them. u The mugger stole the girl’spurse. t êáêïðïéüò, ðïõ åðéôßèåôáé âßáéá ìåóêïðü ôç ëçóôåßá poacher n Sb who illegally catches fish, ani-mals, or birds on sb else’s property. uMany

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY6

national parks set up to provide a refuge forwildlife are regularly invaded by people poach-ing game. tëáèñïêõíçãüò, ëáèñïèÞñáòprotest v If you protest against sth or aboutsth, you say or show publicly that you object toit. In American English, you usually say thatyou protest it. u Groups of women took to thestreets to protest against the arrests.täéáìáñôýñïìáéconfess v If sb confesses to doing sthwrong, they admit that they did it. u He hadconfessed to seventeen murders. tïìïëïãþ,(åíï÷Þ êôë.) ðáñáäÝ÷ïìáécaptivity n Captivity is the state of beingkept imprisoned or enclosed. u He had beenkept in a small room, bound and blindfoldedfor much of his captivity. táé÷ìáëùóßádeprive v If you deprive sb of sth that theywant or need, you take it away from them, oryou prevent them from having it. u They’vebeen deprived of the fuel necessary to heattheir homes. tóôåñþ, áðïóôåñþdeny v When you deny sth, you state that it isnot true. u She denied both accusations.täéáøåýäù, áñíïýìáé üôé êÜôé éó÷ýåé Þ üôéÝêáíá êÜôéresent v If you resent sb or sth, you feel bit-ter and angry about them. u She resents hermother for being so tough on her. täõóöïñþ,äõóáñåóôïýìáérespect v If you respect sb, you have a goodopinion of their character or ideas. u He re-spects his professors. tóÝâïìáédiscourage v If sb or sth discourages you,they cause you to lose your enthusiasm aboutyour actions. u It may be difficult to do at first.Don’t let this discourage you. táðïèáññýíùdischarge v If sb discharges their duties orresponsibilities, they do everything that needsto be done in order to complete them. u...thequiet competence with which he discharged hismany college duties. tîåöïñôþíïìáé,áðïâÜëëùomission n An omission is sth that has notbeen included or has not been done, eitherdeliberately or accidentally. u The duke wassurprised by his wife’s omission from the guestlist. tðáñÜëåéøçemission n An emission of sth such as gasor radiation is the release of it into the atmos-phere. u The emission of gases such as carbondioxide should be stabilised at their presentlevel. tÝêëõóç, åêðïìðÞaffect v If sth affects a person or a thing, itinfluences them or causes them to change insome way. u Nicotine adversely affects thefunctioning of the heart and arteries.tåðçñåÜæùeffect n The effect of one thing on anotheris the change that the first thing causes in thesecond thing. u Parents worry about the effectof music on their adolescent’s behaviour. t åðßðôùóç, åðßäñáóçawareness n If you are aware of sth, youknow about it. u Smokers are well aware ofthe dangers to their own health. tåðßãíùóç,óõíáßóèçóç, óõíåéäçôïðïßçóçcarelessness n If you are careless, you donot pay enough attention to what you aredoing, and so you make mistakes, or causeharm or damage. u Some parents are accusedof being careless with their children’s health.táðñïóåîßáthreat n A threat to a person or thing is adanger that sth unpleasant might happen tothem. A threat is also the cause of this danger.u Some couples see single women as a threatto their relationships. táðåéëÞ, öïâÝñá

warning n A warning is an advance noticeof sth that will happen, often sth unpleasant ordangerous. u The soldiers opened fire withoutwarning. tðñïåéäïðïßçóçassociate v If you associate sb or sth withanother thing, the two are connected in yourmind. u Through science we’ve got the idea ofassociating progress with the future.tóõíäÝù, óõó÷åôßæùprocess v When raw materials or foods areprocessed, they are prepared in factories be-fore they are used or sold. u The material willbe processed into plastic pellets.tåðåîåñãÜæïìáéconsumption n The consumption of fuel ornatural resources is the amount of them that isused or the act of using them. u The laws haveled to a reduction in fuel consumption in theUS. têáôáíÜëùóçproduct n A product is sth that is producedand sold in large quantities, often as a result ofa manufacturing process. u Try to get the bestproduct at the lowest price. tðñïúüípesticide n Pesticides are chemicals whichfarmers put on their crops to kill harmful in-sects. u The farmer sprayed pesticides on hiscorn to keep away the insects.tðáñáóéôïêôüíïcosmetics n Cosmetics are substances suchas lipstick or powder, which people put ontheir face to make themselves look more at-tractive. u She started working at the cosmet-ics counter, selling makeup to women and girls.t êáëëõíôéêÜgoods n Goods are things that are made tobe sold. uMoney can be exchanged for goodsor services. t áãáèÜassault n Attack u The gang assaulted himwith iron bars. tåðßèåóçdeveloper n A developer is a personor a company that buys land and buildshouses, offices, shops, or factories on it, orbuys existing buildings and makes them moremodern. u...common land which would have ahigh commercial value if sold to developers.tïéêïäïìéêÞ åôáéñåßádeforestation n If an area is deforested, allthe trees there are cut down or destroyed.u...the 400,000 square kilometres of the Ama-zon basin that have already been deforested. t áðïøßëùóç (áðü äÜóç)menace n If you say that sb or sth is a men-ace to other people or things, you mean thatperson or thing is likely to cause serious harm.u In my view you are a menace to the public. t áðåéëÞassistance n If you give sb assistance, youhelp them do a job or task by doing part of thework for them. u Since 1976 he has been oper-ating the shop with the assistance of volun-teers. t âïÞèåéá, áñùãÞexistence n The existence of sth is the factthat it is present in the world as a real thing. u Public worries about accidents are threaten-ing the very existence of the nuclear power in-dustry. t ýðáñîçdonate v If you donate sth to a charity orother organization, you give it to them. uHe fre-quently donates large sums to charity. t äùñßæù, ðñïâáßíù óå äùñåÜsquander v If you squander money, re-sources, or opportunities, you waste them. u He had squandered his chances to win.t (êáôá) óðáôáëþsponsor v If you sponsor a proposal or sug-gestion, you officially put it forward and sup-port it. u Eight senators sponsored legislationto stop the military funding. t ÷ñçìáôïäïôþ

fund-raising n Fund-raising is the activity ofcollecting money to support a charity or politi-cal campaign or organization. u She did fund-raising for her trip to Spain with her school. t ç åîåýñåóç ðüñùí, Ýñáíïò

page 53greenhouse effect n The greenhouse effectis the problem caused by increased quantitiesof gases such as carbon dioxide in the air.These gases trap the heat from the sun, andcause a gradual rise in the temperature of theEarth’s atmosphere. u Because of the green-house effect the earth’s temperature is rising.t öáéíüìåíï èåñìïêçðßïõozone layer n Ozone is a colourless gaswhich is a form of oxygen. There is a layer ofozone high above the earth’s surface. u Ozoneis best known for its role in screening the Earthfrom harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun. t óôñþìá üæïíôïòrenewable resources phr Renewable re-sources are natural ones such as wind, water,and sunlight, which are always available. u There are plenty of renewable energysources, like solar power and wind power. t áíáíåþóéìåò ìïñöÝò åíÝñãåéáòglobal warming n Global warming is the grad-ual rise in the earth’s temperature caused byhigh levels of carbon dioxide and other gasesin the atmosphere. u The threat of globalwarming will eventually force the US to slowdown its energy consumption. tôï öáéíüìåíïôçò õðåñèÝñìáíóçò ôçò áôìüóöáéñáò ôçò ãçòsolar energy n Solar energy is obtainedfrom the sun’s light and heat. u They usedsolar energy to heat their home and ended upsaving a lot of money. t çëéáêÞ åíÝñãåéánuclear energy n Nuclear energy is obtainedfrom the splitting of the nuclei of atoms. u Thecity began using nuclear energy even thoughsome people felt it was too dangerous.tðõñçíéêÞ åíÝñãåéáchemical waste n Chemical waste is a left-over toxic substance. u There was a big prob-lem because the factory had a lot of chemicalwaste and didn’t know how to dispose of it. t ÷çìéêÜ áðüâëçôáenvironmental issues n Environmental is-sues are all matters which related to natureand the natural world. u As the world becomesmore industrialized, there are more and moreenvironmental issues that humans need to dealwith. t ðåñéâáëëïíôïëïãéêÜ æçôÞìáôáacid rain n Acid rain is rain polluted by acidthat has been released into the atmospherefrom factories and other industrial processes.Acid rain is harmful to the environment. u Acidrain is a sign of pollution and too much indus-trialization. t üîéíç âñï÷Þgarbage dump n A garbage dump is a placewhere people get rid of their trash. u He wentto the garbage dump every Sunday afternoonto drop off the family’s trash. t÷ùìáôåñÞ,÷þñïò áðüèåóçò áðïññéìÜôùíconserve v To conserve sth means to protectit from harm, loss, or change. u There was abig increase in US aid to help developing coun-tries conserve their forests. täéáôçñþ,óõíôçñþ preserve v If you preserve a situation orcondition, you make sure that it remains as itis, and does not change or end. uWe will doeverything to preserve peace. täéáôçñþ,ðñïöõëÜóóùreserve v If you reserve sth such as a table,ticket, or magazine, you arrange for it to bekept specially for you, rather than sold or given

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY7

to sb else. u I’ll reserve a table for five.t êëåßíù èÝóç, êÜíù êñÜôçóçreverse v When sb or sth reverses a deci-sion, policy, or trend, they change it to the op-posite decision, policy, or trend. u They havemade it clear they will not reverse the decisionto increase prices. t áíáóôñÝöù, áíôéóôñÝöùreach an agreement To reach an agreementis to come to a conclusion between people orgroups. u The husband and wide finallyreached an agreement in their divorce settle-ment. t öôÜíù óå óõìöùíßáreach a decision To reach a decision is tocome to a final conclusion and choose sth thatis best of various possible choices. u Theyreached a decision about which school to at-tend. t áðïöáóßæùreach a conclusion To reach a conclusion isto decide sth is true after you have thoughtabout it carefully and have considered all therelevant facts. u Over the years I’ve reachedthe conclusion that she’s a very great musician.t êáôáëÞãù óå óõìðÝñáóìátake action To take action is to make a moveand a decision. It often refers to situationswhere a decision has been avoided. u Theytook action and finally started the new project.t áíáëáìâÜíù äñÜóç, äñþtake sth for granted To take sth (sth) forgranted is to not appreciate sth and assume itwill always be there. u She took for grantedthat her parents would always be there for her.tèåùñþ êÜôé óßãïõñï, äåäïìÝíïtake sides To take sides is to choose a part of adebate or controversy to agree with. u She al-ways takes his side when it comes to arguingabout politics. tìåñïëçðôþ, ôÜóóïìáé (ìå ôïìÝñïò..)run a campaign To run a campaign is tomanage some sort of movement, usually inpolitics or for a certain cause. u She needed tochoose the perfect person to run her politicalcampaign. täéåîÜãù åêóôñáôåßárun an errand to run an errand is to dosome sort of everyday task outside the home.u He will be right back he just went to go runan errand; I think it was to go to the post of-fice. têÜíù èÝëçìá, åêäïýëåõóç ãéáêÜðïéïírun a car To run a car is to turn a car on.A car is running when it is turned on. u Tellhim to go run the car so it is warm when weget into it. táíÜâù ôçí ìç÷áíÞ ôïõáõôïêéíÞôïõ

page 54shallow adj A shallow container, hole, orarea of water measures only a short distancefrom the top to the bottom. u Put the milk in ashallow dish. tñç÷üò

page 55highly adv Highly is used before some adjec-tives to mean `very’. uMr Singh was a highlysuccessful salesman. tðÜñá ðïëý, óå ìåãÜëïâáèìü, åîáéñåôéêÜwidely adv You use wide to describe sth thatincludes a large number of different things orpeople. u At present, no widely approved vac-cine exists for malaria. tåõñÝùò

page 56acid rain n t üîéíç âñï÷Þ renewable resources n t áíáíåþóéìïéöõóéêïß ðüñïéchemical waste n t ÷çìéêÜ áðüâëçôáglobal warming n t ðáãêüóìéáõðåñθέρμανσηozone layer n t óôéâÜäá "óôñþìá" όζον-

τοςrubbish dump n t ÷ùìáôåñÞ / ÷þñïòáðüññéøçò óêïõðéäéþí solar/ nuclear energy n t çëéáêÞ /ðõñçíéêÞ åíÝñãåéágreenhouse effect n t öáéíüìåíïèåñìïêçðßïõ (ðáãßäåõóçò ôçò çëéáêÞòèåñìüôçôáò óôç ãÞéíç áôìüóöáéñá) fossil fuels n t ïñõêôÜ êáýóéìáoil spill n t πετρελαιοκηλίδαwind farms/ mills n t áéïëéêü ðÜñêï(çëåêôñïðáñáãùãÞò) / áíåìüìõëïòconserve v t ðñïóôáôåýù, ðñïöõëÜóóùconservation n t äéáôÞñçóç, óõíôÞñçóçconsume v t êáôáíáëßóêù, áíáëßóêùconsumption n t (äéáäéêáóßá ìå ôçí ïðïßáóõíôåëåßôáé ç) êáôáíÜëùóçcontaminate v t ìïëýíù contamination n t ìüëõíóçorganise v t ïñãáíþíùorganisation n t (äé)ïñãÜíùóç,óõóôçìáôïðïßçóç, ìåèüäåõóçpollute v t ñõðáßíùpollution n t ñýðáíóçpreserve v t äéáôçñþ (áíáëëïßùôï Þ óåêáëÞ êáôÜóôáóç)preservation n t äéáôÞñçóç, óõíôÞñçóçprevent v t áðïôñÝðùprevention n t ðñüëçøç, áðïôñïðÞproduce v t ðñïâáßíù óôçí ðáñáãùãÞ,ðáñÜãùproduction n t (ùò äéáäéêáóßá êáé ùòáðïôÝëåóìá:) ðáñáãùãÞreduce v t åëáôôþíù, ìåéþíùreduction n t åëÜôôùóç, ìåßùóç,ðåñéóôïëÞexcessive adj t õðåñâïëéêüòultimate objective t ôåëéêüò óôü÷ïò,åðéäßùîçpromotion n t ðñïáãùãÞ, ðñïâéâáóìüòreleased into the atmosphere phr t που(áð)åëåõèερώνεται óôçí áôìüóöáéñá

page 57water reserves n t áðïèÝìáôá íåñïýdeforestation n t áðïøßëùóç (áðü äÜóç) regulations should be enforced phr t οιêáíïíéóìïß ðñÝðåé íá åðéâëçèïýílast but not least phr t åî ßóïõóçìáíôéêü(ò).. / ôåëåõôáßïò áëë' åî ßóïõóçìáíôéêü(ò)..install v t åãêáèéóôþsolar panels n t πίνακας συλλογής ηλιακήςενέργειαςrotating adj t ðåñéóôñåöüìåíοςconventional adj t óõìâáôéêüò, óýìöùíïòìå ôá êïéíùíéêÜ ðñüôõðágenerate v t ðáñÜãω, δημιουργώ

page 58dispose of v t ôïðïèåôþ êáôáëëÞëùò,äéåõèåôþ, äéáôÜóóù, ôáêôïðïéþdrained adj t αποξηραμένοςdrought n t (ðáñáôåôáìÝíç) îçñáóßámalnutrition n t (áíùìáëßá ðïõ åðéöÝñåéï) õðïóéôéóìüòcasualties n t èýìáôá (áôõ÷Þìáôïò,ðïëÝìïõ êôë.) "áðþëåéåò"suffocating adj t áóöõêôéêüò,áðïðíéêôéêüò, ðíéãçñüòlung diseases n t áññþóôåéåò, íïóÞìáôáôïõ ðíåýìïíáshortages n t åëëåßøåéòaccumulate v t óõóóùñåýω,"óõãêåíôñþíù", óõíáèñïßæùflood v t ðëçììõñßæω, êáôáêëýæωintensive adj t åíôáôéêüòorganic farming n t ïñãáíéêÞ êáëëéÝñãåéá

page 59crop n t óïäåéÜ, óõãêïìéäÞdebris n t èñáýóìáôá, óõíôñßììéá,

åñåßðéá, ÷áëÜóìáôáinferno n t êüëáóç, êïëáóôÞñéïfiercely adv t Üãñéá, ìáíéáóìÝíáexcess n t õðÝñâáóç ïñßïõunderfed adj t õðïóéôéóìÝíïò

page 60contribute v t óõíåéóöÝñùoverflow (with) t õðåñ(åê)÷åéëßæω,îå÷åéëßæω (áðü)fertilizer n t ëßðáóìá (åäÜöïõò êôë.)ïõóßá åìðëïõôéóìïý (åäÜöïõò êôë.)pesticide n t ðáñáóéôïêôüíοbiodegradable adj t βιοδιασπώμενοςrecyclable adj t áíáêõêëώσιμος

page 62treatment n t ìåôá÷åßñéóç, óõìðåñéöïñÜ,öÝñóéìïuntold adj t ðïõ äåí Ý÷åé ëå÷èåß ήáðïêáëõöèåßartificial adj t ôå÷íçôüò

page 63growth n t (äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ óõíåðÜãåôáé)áíÜðôõîç, ìåãÜëùìáundeniably adv t χωρίς αμφιβολία

UNIT 6page 64no gains without pains No gains withoutpains means you can’t achieve anything with-out hard work or some kind of sacrifice. u I’mso sick of working this many hours! But, youknow what they say, no gains without pains! tôá áãáèÜ êüðïéò êôþíôáévice n a habit which is regarded as a weak-ness in sb’s character, but not usually as a seri-ous fault. u His only vice is to get drunk onchampagne after concluding a successful pieceof business. t áäõíáìßá, åëÜôôùìávirtue n Virtue is thinking and doing what isright and avoiding what is wrong. u Virtue isnot confined to Christian world. t áñåôÞearn a living to survive on your own by work-ing. u He couldn’t quit his job because heneeded to earn a living. t âãÜæù/êåñäßæùôßìéá ôï øùìß ìïõmake ends meet To make ends meet meansto be able to survive financially. u Even thoughshe worked two jobs, Barbara could barelymake ends meet. t âãÜæù, êåñäßæù ôá ðñïòôï æåéíguardian n sb who defends and protectssth. u The National Party is lifting its profile associally conservative guardian of traditionalvalues. t ðñïóôÜôçòadvisor n An advisor is an expert whose jobis to give advice to another person or to agroup of people. u In Washington, the Presi-dent and his advisors spent the day in meet-ings. t óýìâïõëïòwhite collar adj White-collar workers workin offices rather than doing physical work suchas making things in factories or building things.uWhite-collar workers now work longer hours.t õðÜëëçëïò ãñáöåßïõ blue collar adj Blue-collar workers work inindustry, doing physical work, rather than in of-fices. u By 1925, blue-collar workers in manu-facturing industry had become the largestoccupational group. t åñãÜôçò Þ ôå÷íßôçòmanual adj Manual work is work in whichyou use your hands or your physical strengthrather than your mind. u They have no reser-vations about taking factory or manual jobs.t ÷åéñùíáêôéêüòskilled adj Skilled work can only be done bypeople who have had some training. u New in-

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY8

dustries demanded skilled labor not availablelocally. t åéäéêåõìÝíïòunskilled adj Unskilled work does not re-quire any special training. u In the US, minori-ties and immigrants have generally gone intolow-paid, unskilled jobs. t áíåéäßêåõôïòunderpaid adj People who are underpaidare not paid enough money for the job thatthey do. uWomen are frequently underpaidfor the work that they do. t ðïõ äåíðëçñþíåôáé üóï áîßæåé, êáêïðëçñùìÝíïòsuppose v If you suppose that sth is true,you believe that it is probably true, because ofother things that you know. u The policy is per-fectly clear and I see no reason to suppose thatit isn’t working. t õðïèÝôùpresuppose v If one thing presupposes an-other, the first thing cannot be true or exist un-less the second thing is true or exists. u Allyour arguments presuppose that he’s a ra-tional, intelligent man. t ðñïûðïèÝôùassertive adj Sb who is assertive statestheir needs and opinions clearly, so that peo-ple take notice. uWomen have become moreassertive in the past decade. t äõíáìéêüò,êáôçãïñçìáôéêüòsubmissive adj If you are submissive, youobey sb without arguing. uMost doctors wanttheir patients to be submissive. t õðÜêïõïòsteady adj A steady situation continues ordevelops gradually without any interruptionsand is not likely to change quickly. u A studentdoesn’t have a steadyincome. t óôáèåñüòinsecure adj Sth that is insecure is not safeor protected. u There were many low-paid, in-secure jobs in the city. t áíáóöáëÞò be forced To be forced to do sth or into sthmeans to be made to do sth against your will.u He was forced into the car by the three bigmen dressed in black. t åîáíáãêÜæïìáépart-time adj If sb is a part-time worker orhas a part-time job, they work for only part ofeach day or week. uMany businesses are cut-ting back by employing lower-paid part-timeworkers. t ìåñéêÞò áðáó÷üëçóçòfull-time adj Full-time work or study in-volves working or studying for the whole ofeach normal working week rather than for partof it. u He was 35 and still had never had afull-time job. t ðëÞñïõò áðáó÷üëçóçòcolleagues n the people you work with, es-pecially in a professional job. uWithout con-sulting his colleagues he flew from Lisbon toSplit. t óõíÜäåëöïéemployee n An employee is a person who ispaid to work for an organization or for anotherperson. u He is an employee of Fuji Bank.t õðÜëëçëïòdefective adj If sth is defective, there is sthwrong with it and it does not work properly. u Her sight was becoming defective. t åëáôôùìáôéêüòefficient adj If sth or sb is efficient, they areable to do tasks successfully, without wastingtime or energy. uWith today’s more efficientcontraception women can plan their familiesand careers. t áðïäïôéêüò, áðïôåëåóìáôéêüòto be fired To be fired from a job is to bemade to stop working there. u He was firedafter coming into work late every day for threeweeks. t áðïëýïìáéto be made redundant If sb is made redun-dant they are fired or laid-off. u He was maderedundant after the company downsized.t áðïëýïìáé ùò ìç áðáñáßôçôïò plentiful adj Things that are plentiful existin such large amounts or numbers that there isenough for people’s wants or needs. u Fish are

plentiful in the lake. t Üöèïíïòlay-off If workers are laid off, they are told bytheir employers to leave their job, usually be-cause there is no more work for them to do. u They did not sell a single car for a month andhad to lay off workers. t áðïëýùunemployment compensation n Unemploy-ment compensation is financial compensationfor unemployed workers, provided in theUnited States chiefly by state governments. u It had been almost two years since he hadlost his job and he wouldn’t have been able tosurvive without unemployment compensationfrom the state. t åðßäïìá áíåñãßáòwelfare services n Welfare services are pro-vided to help with people’s living conditionsand financial problems. u Child welfare serv-ices are well established and comprehensive. t (óýóôçìá) êïéíùíéêÞò ðñüíïéáòbonus n an extra amount of money that isadded to sb’s pay, usually because they haveworked very hard. uWorkers in big firms re-ceive a substantial part of their pay in the formof bonuses and overtime. t “åðßäïìá”problems arise Saying that a problem hasarisen means that there has been some sort oftrouble that has come up. u There are manyproblems that tend to arise at the end of eachweek. t ðáñïõóéÜæïíôáé ðñïâëÞìáôá undoubtedly adv Undoubtedly means havingno doubts or being sure. u He was undoubt-edly going to be promoted because he was sucha good worker. t áíáìößâïëá vacancies n A vacancy is a job or positionwhich has not been filled. u They had a short-term vacancy for a person on the foreign desk.t êåíÝò èÝóåéòlocation n A location is the place where sthhappens or is situated. u The first thing helooked at was his office’s location. tôïðïèåóßá

page 65permanent adj Sth that is permanent lastsfor ever. Heavy drinking can cause permanentdamage to the brain. t ìüíéìïòfixed adj You use fixed to describe sth whichstays the same and does not or cannot vary. u They issue a fixed number of shares thattrade publicly. t óôáèåñüòsatisfied adj If you are satisfied with sth,you are happy because you have got what youwanted or needed. uWe are satisfied withthese results. t éêáíïðïéçìÝíïòbe employed v To be employed means tohave a job. u I have been employed at thesame job for almost ten years now. t Ý÷ùðñïóëçöèåß, åßìáé åñãáæüìåíïòfreelance adj Sb who does freelance work orwho is, for example, a freelance journalist orphotographer is not employed by one organi-zation, but is paid for each piece of work theydo by the organization they do it for. u Jill wasstarting to get some freelance writing jobsfrom trade magazines. t åëåýèåñïò(åðáããåëìáôßáò)flexible adj Sth or sb that is flexible is ableto change easily and adapt to different condi-tions and circumstances as they occur. u Lookfor software that’s flexible enough for a rangeof abilities. t åõðñïóÜñìïóôïòdiscontented adj If you are discontented,you are not satisfied with your situation. u Thegovernment tried to appease discontentedworkers. t äõóáñåóôçìÝíïòcorporate adj relating to business corpora-tions or to a particular business corporation. u He was one of the top US corporate execu-

tives. t “åôáéñéêüò”nap n If you have a nap, you have a shortsleep, usually during the day. u Use your lunchhour to have a nap in your chair. t õðíÜêïòhire v If you hire sb, you employ them orpay them to do a particular job for you. u Six-teen of the contestants have hired lawyers andare suing the organisers. t ìéóèþíù,ðñïóëáìâÜíùaccording to If sb says that sth istrue ac-cording to a particular person, book, or othersource of information, they are indicatingwhere they got their information. u Philipstayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming.t óýìöùíá ìå...make sense If sth makes sense it is coherentor intelligible. u It makes sense to go to therestaurant before we see the movie instead ofafter. t Ý÷åé ëïãéêÞlack n If there is a lack of sth, there is notenough of it or it does not exist at all. u De-spite his lack of experience, he got the job.t Ýëëåéøçaccident prone adj If you describe sb as ac-cident prone, you mean that a lot of accidents orother unpleasant things happen to them. u Yes-terday I saw her fall down the stairs, trip onthe sidewalk and step on a nail... she is defi-nitely accident prone. t åðéññåðÞò óåáôõ÷Þìáôáoblige v If you are obliged to do sth, a situa-tion, rule, or law makes it necessary for you todo that thing. u The storm got worse andworse. Finally, I was obliged to abandon thecar and continue on foot. t õðï÷ñåþíùdictate v If one thing dictates another, thefirst thing causes or influences the secondthing. u The film’s budget ditated a toughschedule. t õðáãïñåýùlose interest to stop paying attention to sth;usually because it has become boring. u I lostinterest in the game and fell asleep. t ÷Üíù ôïåíäéáöÝñïí ìïõreject an offer To reject an offer is to turndown a proposal. u I rejected the job offerfrom the new company. t áðïññßðôù ìéáðñïóöïñÜ fill a post To fill a post is to get sb to occupya vacancy in a company. u They need to fill thepost by next week or they won’t be able to fin-ish the project on time. t Ý÷ù èÝóç åñãáóßáòfill a vacancy To fill a vacancy is to get sb tooccupy a position. u Luckily they didn’t have ahard time filling the vacancy left when Sarahsuddenly quit. t óõìðëçñþíù êåíÞ èÝóçåñãáóßáòapply for a post To apply for a post is to at-tempt to get work at a certain position in acompany. u He applied for the post eventhough he didn’t have enough experience. t õðïâÜëëù áßôçóç ðñüóëçøçòapply for a grant To apply for a grant meansto attempt to get a grant. A grant (noun) is anamount of money that a government or otherinstitution gives to an individual or to an or-ganization for a particular purpose such as ed-ucation or home improvements. u Theyapplied for a special grant to encourage re-search. t õðïâÜëëù áßôçóç ãéá ðáñï÷Þåðé÷ïñÞãçóçò apply for a position To apply for a positionmeans to attempt to get a certain job. u Heapplied for the position of store manager. t õðïâÜëëù áßôçóç ðñüóëçøçò ãéáóõãêåêñéìÝíç èÝóç åñãáóßáòhold a degree To hold a degree means tohave a degree. u He held a degree in econom-ics from Harvard. t äéáèÝôù ðôõ÷ßï

SMART SKILLS ENGLISH-GREEK GLOSSARY9

hold an appointment To hold an appoint-ment means to have an appointment. u Theyheld their appointment on Saturday morning.t Ý÷ù óõíÜíôçóçhold a meeting To hold a meeting means tohave a gathering to talk about sth specific. u They held the meeting on Monday eveningso everyone could attend. t Ý÷ù óõìâïýëéï

page 66determiner n In grammar, a determiner is aword which is used at the beginning of a noungroup to indicate, for example, which thing youare referring to or whether you are referring toone thing or several. u Common English deter-miners are `a’, `the’, `some’, `this’, and `each’. t ðñïóäéïñéóìüò goose (geese pl) n A goose is a large birdthat has a long neck and webbed feet. Geeseare often farmed for their meat. u For Christ-mas dinner they ate a large goose. t ÷Þíá