union construction labor cost trends and outlook 2015 · union construction labor cost trends and...

Copyright © 2015 Construction Labor Research Council

Union Construction Labor

Cost Trends and Outlook 2015

Union Construction Labor Cost Trends and Outlook 2015

Construction Labor Research Council [email protected]

1250 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036

202-347-8440 www.clrcconsulting.org

1

This report contains both general and detailed data on union labor rates for craft

workers in the construction industry. Data are presented for the nation as a whole and

for nine geographic regions for 17 different craft breakouts. In addition, the report has

trend lines which show the union craft labor cost history as well as the results for

already negotiated future increases.

Section I: National Results

The average percent increase for union construction workers in 2014 was 2.7

percent and the average wage and fringe benefits rate was $53.03.

As shown in Exhibit 1.1, from 2010-2014 the average percent increase fluctuated

between 2.4 and 2.7 percent. Contrast these recent increases with those from 2005

to 2009, which were much higher, ranging from 3.9 percent to 4.4 percent. The data

shows the “new normal,” with increases hovering in the 2.0 percent range for the past

five years, and projected to stay that way for the next two years.

Exhibit 1.1

Average increases shown as percents

* The rates for 2015 and 2016 are likely to change

as new settlements are negotiated.

3.9%4.2%

4.4% 4.4%

3.9%

2.7%2.5% 2.4%

2.6% 2.7% 2.8% 2.7%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%





2

It should be noted that for any given year in this report the results reflect all wage and

fringe benefits adjustments that occurred during that year, not just those negotiated in

that year. For example, for 2014 the 2.7 percent increase was determined by

averaging the first year of settlements negotiated in 2014, the second year of

settlements negotiated in 2013, the third year of settlements negotiated in 2012, and

so on. CLRC’s companion report, Settlements Report, focuses on just first year

settlements.

Because multiyear contracts extend fixed increases into the future, they can be slow

to respond to the overall economic climate. For example, the economic downturn of

2008 is not fully reflected in the results shown in Exhibit 1.1 until 2010 because many

rate increases for 2008 and 2009 were negotiated in multiyear deals before the

economic crisis hit.

Exhibit 1.2 shows the average annual value of the increases for union construction

workers in dollar amounts.

Exhibit 1.2

Average increases shown as dollars

* The rates for 2015 and 2016 are likely to change

as new settlements are negotiated.

$1.50

$1.72

$1.88$1.97

$1.81

$1.31$1.22

$1.46$1.41$1.44$1.53

$1.60

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50





3

Section II: Future Results

The average already negotiated increase for 2015 is 2.8 percent ($1.53) and for

2016 it is 2.7 percent ($1.60), as shown in Exhibit 2.1. Although these results are

shown as a glimpse into the future, they are likely to change some as new settlements

are added. For example, the increase shown for 2015 does not yet reflect the first

year increase of settlements to be negotiated in 2015 and the 2016 value does not yet

reflect the second year of increases to be negotiated in 2015 or the first year of

increases to be negotiated in 2016. Thus, these rates are a useful, but incomplete,

first look at the union construction wage forecast.

Exhibit 2.1

Summary of already negotiated future increases

Exhibits 2.2 and 2.3 provide more detail about how the

future increases are distributed. As a percent

(Exhibit 2.2), the most common increase range was

2.0-2.9 percent for both 2015 and 2016.

Exhibit 2.2

Details of already negotiated future settlements shown as percents

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0% or less 0.1 - 0.9% 1.0 - 1.9% 2.0 - 2.9% 3.0 - 3.9% 4.0 - 4.9% 5.0 + %

Nu

mb

er o

f Se

ttle

men

ts 2015

2016

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.53 2.8%

2016 $1.60 2.7%





4

As dollar figures (Exhibit 2.3), the most common increase ranges were at the lower

end of the scale (e.g., <$1.19); however, there were also a number of higher

settlements spread throughout the remainder of the rage.

Exhibit 2.3

Details of already negotiated future settlements shown as dollars

Section III: Craft Specific Regional Results

Exhibit 3.1 (next two pages) shows the dollar amount of the wage and fringe benefits

package for each craft for each region and for the United States for 2010 and 2015

(five years later), and the amount of the increase during that time.

Exhibit 3.2 (the two pages after Exhibit 3.1) shows the five year and one year

increases as percents for each craft for each region and for the United States.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

<$0.90 $0.90- 1.19

$1.20- 1.49

$1.50- 1.79

$1.80- 2.09

$2.10- 2.39

$2.40- 2.69

$2.70- 2.99

$3.00- 3.29

$3.30+

Nu

mb

er o

f Se

ttle

men

ts 2015

2016

The following items are included in these analyses: wage rate, health and welfare, retirement (pension, annuity, defined contribution), vacation, holiday, and any unallocated increases. The following are examples of items that are not included: labor-management cooperative committee assessments, industry advancement funds, training and apprenticeship.





5

Exhibit 3.1

Wage and fringe benefits rates by craft and region in dollar amounts

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

South-

east

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Central

South-

west

Pacific

North-

west

United

States

Boilermakers

1/1/2010 $56.39 $55.00 $42.14 $53.63 $53.50 $41.58 $60.51 $56.03 $50.54

1/1/2015 $63.35 $65.07 $47.54 $61.76 $61.78 $47.07 $70.17 $63.69 $58.15

Increase $6.96 $10.07 $5.41 $8.13 $8.28 $5.48 $9.65 $7.66 $7.62

Bricklayers

1/1/2010 $52.39 $46.81 $29.71 $48.26 $42.86 $48.01 $46.22

1/1/2015 $58.08 $53.63 $31.16 $53.78 $47.46 $54.06 $51.73

Increase $5.69 $6.82 $1.45 $5.52 $4.60 $6.05 $5.51

Carpenters

1/1/2010 $50.20 $49.41 $28.95 $45.66 $43.28 $27.71 $48.99 $46.07 $45.60

1/1/2015 $55.20 $56.40 $33.10 $51.42 $49.92 $29.27 $56.10 $49.78 $51.48

Increase $5.00 $6.99 $4.15 $5.76 $6.63 $1.56 $7.10 $3.71 $5.88

Cement Masons

1/1/2010 $49.10 $28.49 $45.53 $41.37 $45.21 $45.26 $44.86

1/1/2015 $55.15 $29.91 $50.78 $45.48 $53.02 $49.15 $50.62

Increase $6.05 $1.43 $5.26 $4.11 $7.81 $3.89 $5.76

Electricians

1/1/2010 $54.22 $48.39 $34.32 $56.80 $52.16 $53.45 $52.25

1/1/2015 $60.95 $56.21 $37.65 $63.96 $53.90 $58.28 $58.20

Increase $6.74 $7.82 $3.33 $7.16 $1.74 $4.83 $5.95

Elevator Constructors

1/1/2010 $71.11 $65.01 $58.58 $67.27 $63.76 $57.78 $73.31 $69.03 $65.51

1/1/2015 $82.99 $76.48 $69.62 $78.78 $75.16 $68.78 $85.40 $80.77 $77.00

Increase $11.88 $11.47 $11.04 $11.52 $11.40 $11.00 $12.09 $11.74 $11.49

Insulators

1/1/2010 $56.42 $44.04 $33.27 $48.53 $50.87 $42.38

1/1/2015 $62.91 $51.59 $37.42 $56.03 $58.27 $48.16

Increase $6.49 $7.55 $4.15 $7.50 $7.40 $5.78

Iron Workers

1/1/2010 $56.89 $59.43 $34.20 $51.12 $44.38 $27.43 $56.45 $51.28 $49.80

1/1/2015 $63.92 $68.72 $38.21 $56.65 $50.71 $29.83 $62.34 $58.26 $56.07

Increase $7.03 $9.29 $4.02 $5.53 $6.33 $2.40 $5.89 $6.98 $6.27

Laborers

1/1/2010 $39.20 $45.01 $20.87 $40.60 $33.39 $21.23 $40.70 $36.83 $39.14

1/1/2015 $44.25 $52.39 $23.45 $46.14 $37.41 $22.83 $46.92 $39.53 $44.60

Increase $5.05 $7.37 $2.58 $5.53 $4.02 $1.60 $6.22 $2.70 $5.46





6

Exhibit 3.1 (continued)

Wage and fringe benefits rates by craft and region in dollar amounts

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

South-

east

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Central

South-

west

Pacific

North-

west

United

States

Millwrights

1/1/2010 $57.29 $48.60 $54.01 $47.80 $51.76

1/1/2015 $65.82 $54.17 $62.88 $53.96 $59.09

Increase $8.52 $5.57 $8.88 $6.16 $7.34

Operating Engineers

1/1/2010 $50.15 $43.67 $34.56 $45.41 $46.53 $27.00 $56.34 $49.42 $47.48

1/1/2015 $54.15 $53.20 $38.59 $52.06 $53.67 $29.30 $65.07 $52.58 $54.03

Increase $4.00 $9.53 $4.02 $6.66 $7.14 $2.30 $8.74 $3.16 $6.56

Painters

1/1/2010 $42.12 $50.51 $26.08 $51.03 $40.67 $52.16 $48.51

1/1/2015 $48.57 $55.69 $28.36 $59.59 $43.42 $58.36 $54.65

Increase $6.45 $5.18 $2.27 $8.57 $2.75 $6.20 $6.13

Pipefitters/Plumbers

1/1/2010 $56.62 $48.03 $39.20 $59.16 $53.69 $34.20 $61.52 $53.21

1/1/2015 $66.02 $57.27 $43.68 $67.51 $61.52 $38.20 $73.65 $61.57

Increase $9.40 $9.25 $4.48 $8.34 $7.82 $4.00 $12.13 $8.36

Plumbers

1/1/2010 $49.42 $60.34 $53.34 $55.46

1/1/2015 $56.02 $68.51 $61.24 $63.15

Increase $6.60 $8.17 $7.90 $7.68

Plasterers

1/1/2010 $50.20 $35.36 $45.51 $46.98

1/1/2015 $55.13 $39.62 $52.81 $53.26

Increase $4.93 $4.26 $7.30 $6.28

Sheet Metal Workers

1/1/2010 $63.11 $61.82 $36.43 $53.94 $37.92 $36.11 $55.88 $53.79 $52.34

1/1/2015 $71.23 $70.03 $38.92 $60.99 $42.63 $40.49 $65.19 $60.69 $59.00

Increase $8.11 $8.20 $2.49 $7.05 $4.71 $4.38 $9.31 $6.90 $6.66

Teamsters

1/1/2010 $34.87 $25.04 $34.99 $36.16 $44.97 $45.70 $39.14

1/1/2015 $42.13 $27.56 $42.06 $40.68 $51.53 $48.85 $43.58

Increase $7.27 $2.52 $7.07 $4.52 $6.56 $3.15 $4.44

Total

1/1/2010 $52.79 $50.94 $32.27 $47.54 $45.29 $34.03 $50.73 $46.13 $46.77

1/1/2015 $59.55 $58.64 $35.99 $53.81 $51.09 $38.01 $58.24 $50.15 $53.03

Increase $6.76 $7.70 $3.72 $6.28 $5.80 $3.97 $7.51 $4.02 $6.25





7

Exhibit 3.2

Increases by craft and region in percents

Regions

New England: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT. Middle Atlantic: DC, DE, MD, NJ, NY, PA. Southeast: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA. East North Central: IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI, WV. West North Central: IA, KS, MO, NE. South Central: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX. Mountain-Northern Plains: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY. Northwest: AK, ID, OR, WA. Southwest Pacific: AZ, CA, HI, NV.

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

South-

east

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Central

South-

west

Pacific

North-

west

United

States

Boilermakers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.4% 18.3% 12.8% 15.2% 15.5% 13.2% 14.9%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 1.9% 2.4% 3.0% 2.2% 2.3% 3.0% 2.2%

Bricklayers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 10.9% 14.9% 4.7% 11.3% 10.7% 12.3% 11.6%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 0.4% 2.4% 1.7% 2.5% 1.9% 2.5% 2.3%

Carpenters

Increase: 2010 - 2015 10.0% 14.4% 14.3% 12.3% 15.3% 5.6% 14.3% 8.1% 12.7%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 1.8% 2.8% 3.5% 2.7% 2.5% 2.6% 3.4% 2.6% 2.9%

Cement Masons

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.8% 5.0% 11.3% 10.1% 17.3% 8.8% 12.7%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.8% 1.6% 2.5% 2.1% 3.0% 3.9% 2.7%

Electricians

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.4% 16.2% 9.8% 12.5% 3.5% 9.0% 11.3%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 1.4% 3.5% 1.8% 2.4% 1.3% 1.3% 2.1%

Elevator Constructors

Increase: 2010 - 2015 16.7% 17.7% 18.8% 17.2% 17.9% 19.0% 16.6% 17.0% 17.7%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4%

Insulators

Increase: 2010 - 2015 11.5% 17.1% 12.5% 15.5% 14.5% 13.6%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 1.2% 3.0% 3.0% 1.1% 1.7% 2.3%

Iron Workers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.2% 15.0% 11.6% 10.7% 14.0% 8.9% 10.4% 13.6% 12.1%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.1% 2.3% 2.9% 2.6% 2.3% 1.6% 3.5% 2.9% 2.5%

Laborers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.9% 16.4% 12.3% 13.2% 12.2% 7.5% 15.3% 7.4% 13.5%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 3.0% 3.0% 2.8% 2.6% 1.7% 2.4% 3.0% 2.3% 2.7%





8

Exhibit 3.2 (continued)

Increases by craft and region in percents

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

South-

east

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Central

South-

west

Pacific

North-

west

United

States

Millwrights

Increase: 2010 - 2015 14.8% 11.5% 16.1% 12.9% 13.9%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.7% 2.2% 3.1% 2.8% 2.7%

Operating Engineers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 8.0% 21.8% 11.7% 14.5% 15.3% 8.5% 15.6% 6.3% 13.7%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.3% 3.0% 2.7% 2.3% 2.0% 8.5% 4.1% 2.4% 2.8%

Painters

Increase: 2010 - 2015 15.3% 10.9% 9.2% 16.4% 6.8% 12.0% 12.6%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.3% 1.6% 3.6% 3.8% 0.3% 2.6% 2.6%

Pipefitters/Plumbers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 16.6% 19.2% 11.3% 14.2% 14.6% 11.7% 19.8% 15.3%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.4% 2.4% 1.9% 0.6% 2.6% 2.4% 3.5% 2.1%

Plumbers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 13.4% 13.5% 14.8% 13.9%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.0% 1.5% 2.5% 2.0%

Plasterers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 9.9% 12.6% 16.0% 13.6%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.9% 1.8% 3.2% 3.0%

Sheet Metal Workers

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.6% 13.6% 6.7% 13.1% 12.4% 12.0% 16.7% 12.6% 12.4%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.2% 2.5% 1.1% 1.9% 2.5% 2.0% 2.2% 1.9% 2.0%

Teamsters

Increase: 2010 - 2015 20.8% 10.0% 20.0% 12.5% 14.6% 6.9% 11.7%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 4.1% 1.4% 1.8% 2.3% 3.1% 1.9% 2.2%

Total

Increase: 2010 - 2015 12.7% 15.2% 11.4% 13.0% 12.8% 10.9% 14.7% 8.5% 13.1%

Increase: 2014 - 2015 2.3% 2.6% 2.6% 2.5% 2.1% 2.6% 3.1% 2.4% 2.6%





9

Exhibits 3.3 – 3.9 show the average future increases for 2015 and 2016 in both

percent and dollar figures and how those increases are distributed throughout a range

for seven different regions. Note that these results are preliminary and may change

as new settlements are added in the years ahead.

Exhibit 3.3

Details of future settlements: New England region

Shown in percents

Shown in dollar amounts

Summary

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 4% 7% 5% 4% 2% 0% 2% 7% 0% 0%

2016 8% 12% 12% 8% 0% 4% 0% 12% 8% 0%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.46 2.2%

2016 $1.60 2.3%

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 0% 2% 8% 9% 8% 0% 0%

2016 0% 4% 19% 19% 19% 0% 0%





10

Exhibit 3.4

Details of future settlements: Middle Atlantic region

Shown in percents


Summary

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 2% 2% 9% 27% 59% 0% 2%

2016 0% 0% 19% 23% 54% 4% 0%

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 14% 13% 2% 11% 21% 2% 34% 4% 0% 0%

2016 12% 12% 23% 8% 0% 0% 31% 8% 4% 4%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.70 3.0%

2016 $1.69 2.8%





11

Exhibit 3.5

Details of future settlements: Southeast region

Shown in percents


Summary

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 0% 0% 24% 0% 71% 5% 0%

2016 0% 0% 6% 6% 88% 0% 0%

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 24% 0% 5% 0% 0% 62% 10% 0% 0% 0%

2016 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 83% 0% 0% 0%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.44 2.6%

2016 $1.54 2.0%





12

Exhibit 3.6

Details of future settlements: East North Central region

Shown in percents


Summary

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 0% 2% 20% 54% 23% 1% 1%

2016 0% 0% 18% 58% 24% 0% 0%

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 28% 30% 2% 15% 6% 5% 10% 3% 1% 1%

2016 24% 27% 2% 14% 5% 6% 9% 13% 0% 0%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.53 2.8%

2016 $1.50 2.5%





13

Exhibit 3.7

Details of future settlements: West North Central region

Shown in percents


Summary

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 3% 0% 16% 55% 23% 0% 3%

2016 0% 0% 10% 60% 30% 0% 0%

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 32% 29% 10% 10% 0% 3% 16% 0% 0% 0%

2016 25% 30% 15% 0% 5% 0% 20% 5% 0% 0%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.03 2.0%

2016 $1.17 2.3%





14

Exhibit 3.8

Details of future settlements: South Central region

Shown in percents


Summary

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 0% 0% 14% 0% 31% 0% 0%

2016 0% 0% 18% 0% 59% 0% 0%

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 14% 3% 0% 0% 0% 28% 0% 0% 0% 0%

2016 18% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 59% 0% 0% 0%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.28 2.5%

2016 $1.47 2.4%





15

Exhibit 3.9

Details of future settlements: Southwest Pacific region

Shown in percents


Summary

The following associations sponsor this report:

NEW: Central States Insulation Association (CSIA) NEW: Eastern States Insulation Contractors Association (ESICA) Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) FCA International (FCA) International Council of Employers of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (ICE) Mechanical Contractors Association of America (MCAA) National Association of Construction Boilermaker Employers (NACBE) National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) National Fire Sprinkler Association (NFSA) North American Contractors Association (NACA) Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA) The Association of Union Constructors (TAUC)

Year

0% or

less

0.1 -

0.9%

1.0 -

1.9%

2.0 -

2.9%

3.0 -

3.9%

4.0 -

4.9% 5.0 + %

2015 0% 3% 17% 33% 39% 8% 0%

2016 0% 0% 29% 18% 29% 24% 0%

Year <$0.90

$0.90

- 1.19

$1.20

- 1.49

$1.50

- 1.79

$1.80

- 2.09

$2.10

- 2.39

$2.40

- 2.69

$2.70

- 2.99

$3.00

- 3.29 $3.30+

2015 6% 25% 3% 25% 14% 8% 8% 6% 3% 3%

2016 6% 24% 6% 18% 6% 12% 0% 12% 12% 6%

Dollar Percent

2015 $1.76 3.1%

2016 $1.95 3.4%





16

Additional reports are available upon request. Companies/contractors, chapters, and local affiliates who are members of CLRC’s sponsor associations (see p. 15 for a list) receive discounted rates.

Report Description Benefit

Market Share Analysis

Shows what percent of a given industry (e.g., plumbers/ pipefitters, carpenters) is worked by union contractors.

Allows management and labor to more precisely define their share of the market, and more importantly, the trend over time. Also, can document the impact of specific programs (e.g., market recovery, new classifications).

Union – Nonunion Wage

and Fringe Benefits

Comparison

Compares a specific local’s wage and fringe benefits package to nonunion data for that craft in the same geographic region.

Tangibly shows the difference in both dollars and percents between union and nonunion pay and fringe benefits.

Contract Costing

Provides a detailed cost analysis of 8–12 categories in a contract (e.g., 2nd shift, foreman ratio, clean-up time) on a per employee per hour and total contract cost basis.

Helps the parties in collective bargaining better understand the real costs associated with contract language clauses.

Wage and Fringe

Benchmark Comparison

Graphs actual wage and fringe benefits rates compared to indexes (e.g., CPI, nonunion) over time to show the trend.

Compares actual pay to what it would have been using an index.

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Offers you greater understanding and useful data to use during collective bargaining or internal business decisions.

Construction Labor Research Council

1250 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036 202.347.8440 www.clrcconsulting.org

This report has been prepared from information collected and maintained by CLRC. Reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the data, summaries and analyses. However, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. CLRC disclaims any liability from damages of any kind which may result from the use of this report.

union construction labor cost trends and outlook 2015 · union construction labor cost trends and...

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