ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION

MMMMMULTICOLOURULTICOLOURULTICOLOURULTICOLOURULTICOLOUR EEEEEDITIONDITIONDITIONDITIONDITION

AS PER THE LATEST ICSE SYLLABUS

Dr. M.P. MishraM.Sc., Ph.D., B.Ed., B.J.

Chief Editor (Hon.) ECOSOC (Environmental Newsletter)President, People For Animals-Ranchi (Jharkhand)

Advisor, Prithvi Foundation - JharkhandConsultant, Ministry of Environment & Forests (AWD), Govt. of India

Vice President, All India Science Writers AssociationSecretary, Science for Society, Jharkhand

Class X

ICSEICSEICSEICSEICSE

According to the Latest Syllabus for CISCE (Class-X) prescribed by theCouncil for Indian School Certificate Examination, New Delhi.

S. Chand’s

S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.(AN ISO 9001 : 2000 COMPANY)

RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110055

S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)Head Office: 7361, RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 055Phone: 23672080-81-82, 9899107446, 9911310888Fax: 91-11-23677446Shop at: schandgroup.com; e-mail: info@schandgroup.com

Branches :AHMEDABAD : 1st Floor, Heritage, Near Gujarat Vidhyapeeth, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad - 380 014,

Ph: 27541965, 27542369, ahmedabad@schandgroup.com

BENGALURU : No. 6, Ahuja Chambers, 1st Cross, Kumara Krupa Road, Bengaluru - 560 001,Ph: 22268048, 22354008, bangalore@schandgroup.com

BHOPAL : Bajaj Tower, Plot No. 243, Lala Lajpat Rai Colony, Raisen Road, Bhopal - 462 011,Ph: 4274723. bhopal@schandgroup.com

CHANDIGARH : S.C.O. 2419-20, First Floor, Sector - 22-C (Near Aroma Hotel), Chandigarh -160 022,Ph: 2725443, 2725446, chandigarh@schandgroup.com

CHENNAI : 152, Anna Salai, Chennai - 600 002, Ph: 28460026, 28460027, chennai@schandgroup.comCOIMBATORE : No. 5, 30 Feet Road, Krishnasamy Nagar, Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore -641045,

Ph: 0422-2323620 coimbatore@schandgroup.com (Marketing Office)

CUTTACK : 1st Floor, Bhartia Tower, Badambadi, Cuttack - 753 009, Ph: 2332580; 2332581, cuttack@schandgroup.com

DEHRADUN : 1st Floor, 20, New Road, Near Dwarka Store, Dehradun - 248 001,Ph: 2711101, 2710861, dehradun@schandgroup.com

GUWAHATI : Pan Bazar, Guwahati - 781 001, Ph: 2738811, 2735640 guwahati@schandgroup.comHYDERABAD : Padma Plaza, H.No. 3-4-630, Opp. Ratna College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad - 500 029,

Ph: 24651135, 24744815, hyderabad@schandgroup.com

JAIPUR : A-14, Janta Store Shopping Complex, University Marg, Bapu Nagar, Jaipur - 302 015,Ph: 2719126, jaipur@schandgroup.com

JALANDHAR : Mai Hiran Gate, Jalandhar - 144 008, Ph: 2401630, 5000630, jalandhar@schandgroup.com

JAMMU : 67/B, B-Block, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu - 180 004, (M) 09878651464 (Marketing Office)

KOCHI : Kachapilly Square, Mullassery Canal Road, Ernakulam, Kochi - 682 011, Ph: 2378207, cochin@schandgroup.com

KOLKATA : 285/J, Bipin Bihari Ganguli Street, Kolkata - 700 012, Ph: 22367459, 22373914, kolkata@schandgroup.comLUCKNOW : Mahabeer Market, 25 Gwynne Road, Aminabad, Lucknow - 226 018, Ph: 2626801, 2284815, lucknow@schandgroup.com

MUMBAI : Blackie House, 103/5, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Opp. G.P.O., Mumbai - 400 001,Ph: 22690881, 22610885, mumbai@schandgroup.com

NAGPUR : Karnal Bag, Model Mill Chowk, Umrer Road, Nagpur - 440 032, Ph: 2723901, 2777666 nagpur@schandgroup.com

PATNA : 104, Citicentre Ashok, Govind Mitra Road, Patna - 800 004, Ph: 2300489, 2302100, patna@schandgroup.com

PUNE : 291/1, Ganesh Gayatri Complex, 1st Floor, Somwarpeth, Near Jain Mandir,Pune - 411 011, Ph: 64017298, pune@schandgroup.com (Marketing Office)

RAIPUR : Kailash Residency, Plot No. 4B, Bottle House Road, Shankar Nagar, Raipur - 492 007,Ph: 09981200834, raipur@schandgroup.com (Marketing Office)

RANCHI : Flat No. 104, Sri Draupadi Smriti Apartments, East of Jaipal Singh Stadium, Neel Ratan Street, Upper Bazar, Ranchi - 834 001, Ph:2208761, ranchi@schandgroup.com (Marketing Office)

SILIGURI : 122, Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, East Vivekanandapally, P.O., Siliguri-734001,Dist., Jalpaiguri, (W.B.) Ph. 0353-2520750 (Marketing Office)

VISAKHAPATNAM : Plot No. 7, 1st Floor, Allipuram Extension, Opp. Radhakrishna Towers, Seethammadhara North Extn., Visakhapatnam - 530 013,(M) 09347580841, visakhapatnam@schandgroup.com (Marketing Office)

© 2009, Dr. M.P. Mishra

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Publishers.

First Edition 2009Thoroughly Revised Edition 2011

ISBN : 81-219-3186-X Code : 34A 006

PRINTED IN INDIA

By Rajendra Ravindra Printers Pvt. Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi -110 055and published by S. Chand & Company Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi -110 055.

PREFACEIssues of environment have gained sufficient momentum throughout the world now. Through the last few

decades, the nature itself has taught people the world over, the lesson that conservation is not just an optionfor some responsible persons but a way of life for all the citizens of the world. As the sense of conservationsprouted, various social organizations and governments started educating the people about its different aspectsand resources. Currently, some of the major issues being seriously talked about are different types of pollutionscausing problems on local, national and global levels; problems of wastes; deforestation and its consequences;poaching of wild animals; extinction of species; loss of biodiversity; profligate use of common propertyresources; erosion of traditional indigenous knowledge, ethos and values.

Our children are future custodians of the earth, its environment and resources. Hence, it is very importantto sensitize them to the environment and associated problems, and at the same time to equip them with all thenecessary knowledge and skills in a holistic manner, so as to enable them solve the environmental problemsthrough positive and sustainable ways. For this, it is further required that positive attitudes, social values andserious concern towards sustainable development are stimulated in them. The infusion of environmental aspectsin syllabi of different subjects was welcomed by responsible people in the initial stage but later it was foundthat the experiment could not produce the desired results. Some educationalists are of the opinion that theoriginal components of environmental knowledge and mechanism infused in fragments in different subjects,burdened the spirits of those subjects (like literature), secured for themselves the images of “weeds in the cropfields” and hence, remained neglected by testing and evaluation. Various surveys conducted earlier, reveal thatstudents retain 10% of what they read, 50% of what they see and 90% of what they do. The ‘‘doing”component probably missed somewhere in our earlier integrated or infusion model .The conditions ofenvironment we experience today, are matters of serious concern and hence, can not be taken up lightly.

THIS BOOKThis book has been prepared according to the latest ICSE syllabus of Environmental Education incorporating

all the significant elements of the content, process, teaching- learning strategies & expected learning outcomes.It is hoped that this book will provide direct and systematic knowledge of environmental concepts, theories,considerations, issues, and actions through classroom- and outdoor learning. It is further hoped that this bookwill stimulate among students a true love for nature by encouraging them to undertake project formulation,surveys, observations, interviews, field trips, collections, compilations and documentations of mini researchactivities. With the expression of intrinsic abilities for fact finding through classroom- and outdoor learning,students can bring about improvements in their local environment.

I am heartily thankful to Shri Ram Sagar Pathak, my father-in-law, for his blessings and emotional supports.I am thankful to Smt. Kumud Lata Mishra, Latika, Prabhanshu and Rolie for their physical, emotional andtechnical supports during the preparation of the manuscript of this book.

I am thankful to Management and Editorial team of S.Chand’s Company Limited, New Delhi for undertakingthis publication and bringing it out in a record time.

All the constructive suggestions to improve the quality and standard of this book will thankfully beacknowledged. Hon’ble Teachers and dear students are requested to send feed backs so as to enable the authorimprove the quality and standard of the book.

This book is dedicated to all the school teachers and students who can jointly lead the world towards apeaceful, pleasant and sustainable environment.

M. P. MISHRAPhones: 0651 2550035, 2550039 (R), 09431357604(M)

E-mail:mpmishra.azh@gmail.com

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONSYLLABUS

AS PER THE COUNCIL OF INDIAN SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (CISCE)

CLASS XThere will be one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks.

The theory paper will have two sections:Section A (Compulsory) will contain short answer questions covering the entire syllabus

Section B will consist of questions, which will require detailed answers. There will be a choice of Questionsin this section.

THEORY – 80 Marks

1. Restoring Balance in Ecosystem(a) Need for adopting control measures to check

for spoilage of landscape.(b) Need for conservation and management of

water - integrated watershed management,recharging of ground water including rainwater harvesting, development of appropriatetechnology.

(c) Conservation and management of forests,grasslands, semi-arid ecosystems.

(d) Conservation and management of oceanresources - marine and coastal eco-systems,importance of coral reefs.

(e) Conservation and management of soil -alternate cropping, judicious use of inputs thewater, fertilizers, perticides; use of manure,bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides; plantationand conservation of grasslands to check soilerosion; forest conservation including JointForest Management (JFM), afforestationincluding social forestry and agro-forestry.

(f) Measures to conserve wild life - nationalparks, sanctuaries and bio-reserves; breedingprogrammes for endangered species;preventing poaching, hunting and bio-piracy;enforcement of legal provisions.

(g) Application of bio-technology.(h) Public awareness programmes concerning

conservation of water, soil, air forests andother resources.

(i) Relevance of indigenous practices.(j) Tribal culture and its linkages to forest

resources and their conservation.

2. Restoring Balance in Ecosystem(a) Type of pollution - air, water (fresh and

marine), soil, radiation and noise.(b) Sources of pollution and major pollutants; oil

spills.(c) Effects of pollution on - environment, human

health and other organisms.(d) Abatement of pollution.

3. Issues of the Environment(a) Decline in forest, agricultural and marine

productivity and its effects on the economy.(b) Resettlement and rehabilitation of people.(c) Energy crisis - urban and rural sectors.(d) Greenhouse effect and global warming.(e) Climatic changes.(f) Acid rain.(g) Ozone layer depletion.(h) Disaster - natural and manmade; disaster

management and its mitigation.

4. Striving for a Better Environment(a) Use of efficient and eco-friendly technology.(b) Sustainable use of resources.(c) Adoption of indigenous practices; sacred

groves.(d) Consumer education - consumer rights,

making correct choices while buying differentitems; food adulteration.

(e) Community participation for ecologicalrestoration and conservation.

(f) Protection of wild life; cruelty to animals.(g) Enforcement of acts, laws and policies.(h) Some success stories - use of CNG, Chipko

Movement, water harvesting, Silent Valley andthe like.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT – 20 Marks

Students are required to complete one case studyand one project from the list given

The activities suggested below are neitherexhaustive nor prescriptive. Teachers may design theirown set of activities keeping in view the overallobjectives of teaching and learning of EnvironmentEducation at this state. They will have to make use oflocal flora and fauna and the available resources andfacilities and take cognizance of local environmentalproblems. The learners should be encouraged toinitiate action on their own.

Suggested list of assignments

1. Organize a discussion/ debate on issues ofenvironment, such as pollution of air, water andsoil, depletion of resources, disposal of plasticsand urbanization.

2. Collect data from owners/drivers of private/commercial vehicles through interview-cum-discussion method and prepare a report.Information may be sought on:-– frequency of checking air pressure;– maintenance of vehicles;– types of horns fitted in vehicles and frequencyof their use;– frequency of checking pollution;– average driving hours per day;– state of driver’s personal health.

3. Collect data from different households throughinterview-cum-discussion method. Discuss andsuggest ways and means for saving electricity andfuels. Information may be collected on:– types and quantity of fuel used per month in the

kitchen;– amount of electricity used per month or the fuel

used for generator or any other sources used forlighting;

– amount of fuel used per month in car, motorcycle, scooter, tractor;

– measures/steps taken for saving fuel andelectricity.

4. Find out the sources of pollution of water bodiesin the locality and determine the quality of water.

5. Prepare plans for the beautification on the schoolcampus or a park in the locality. Identify suitableplants and trees, undertake plantation and lookafter them. (This may be introduced as a class/

group activity as a part of van mahotsva for eco-club programme.)

6. Visit a water treatment plant, sewage treatmentplant or garbage dumping or vermi compostingsites in the locality and study their working.

7. Collect information about global environmentalissues and problems and communicate yourfindings through appropriate modes (like posters,charts, collages, cartoons, handouts, letters, streetplays, etc. to all concerned.

8. Participate in eco-clubs and activities like debates,quizzes, exhibitions, essay competitions on thethemes related to environmental concerns andproblems. Synthesize information gathered frombooks, journals, magazines and internet.

EvaluationThe project work is to be evaluated by the subject

teacher and by an External Examiner. The ExternalExaminer shall be nominated by the Principal andmay be a teacher from the faculty, but not teachingthe subject in the relevant section/class. For example,a teacher of Environment Science of Class XI may bedeputed to be the External Examiner for Class XEnvironmental Education project work.

The Internal Examiner and the External Examinerwill assess the candidate’s work independently.

Award of marks (20 marks)Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner): 10 marksExternal Examiner: 10 marks

The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent tothe Council by the Head of the School.

The Head of the School will be responsible for theentry of marks on the marks sheets provided by theCouncil.

Teaching-Learning StrategiesTeaching-learning needs to be so designed that it

facilitates enhancement and concretization ofunderstanding, refinement of habits, attitudes, valuesand skills. Besides, linkages between theory andpractices need to be strengthened. This would ensurelearners’ proactive role in addressing environmentrelated problems. The strategies may involve thefollowing.l Providing opportunities for the application of

knowledge gained and understanding acquired.l Providing opportunities through simple projects

to identify environmental problems which catchthe student’s attention.

l Encouraging independent handling of projectsand activities.

l Providing opportunities for critically analyzingdata and information collected onenvironmental issues.

l Encouraging nature study using the case studyapproach.

l Involving learners in surveys pertaining toenvironment related problems/phenomena.

l Involving learners in community basedenvironment improvement programs.

l Arranging excursions and visits and preparingreports.

l Organizing brainstorming sessions to identifyareas of action.

l Encouraging self-learning through hands-onexperiences.

l Utilizing group activities for nurturing leadershipqualities.

CONTENTS1RESTORING BALANCE IN ECOSYSTEM .................... 1 – 84

1. Conservation and Management: Landscape and Water ... 3–23

2. Conservation and Management: Forest, Grassland

and Semi – Arid Ecosystems ... 24–37

3. Conservation and Management: Soil ... 38–50

4. Conservation and Management: Wildlife ... 51–65

5. Biotechnology and Its Applications ... 66–74

6. Public Awareness Programmes and Conservation ... 75–842POLLUTION .................... 85 – 112

7. Types and Sources of Pollution ... 87–98

8. Effects and Abatement of Pollution ... 99–112

3ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENT .................... 113– 174

9. Decline in Productivity and Effects on Economy ... 115–128

10 Resettlement and Rehabilitation of People ... 129–137

11. Energy Crisis–Urban and Rural Sectors ... 138–146

12. Global Issues of Environment ... 147–161

13. Disasters: Types, Management and Mitigation ... 162–174

4STRIVING FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT .................... 175 – 210

14. Sustainable Environment ... 177–186

15. Consumer Education ... 187–195

16. Ecological Restoration and Conservation ... 196–210

SPECIAL SECTION .................... 211 – 214How to write Project-Reports and Activity– Reports in EE

RESTORING BALANCEIN ECOSYSTEM

1

1.1.1.1.1. Conservation and Management: Landscape and WaterConservation and Management: Landscape and WaterConservation and Management: Landscape and WaterConservation and Management: Landscape and WaterConservation and Management: Landscape and Water

2.2.2.2.2. Conservation and Management: Forest, Grassland andConservation and Management: Forest, Grassland andConservation and Management: Forest, Grassland andConservation and Management: Forest, Grassland andConservation and Management: Forest, Grassland andSemi – Arid EcosystemsSemi – Arid EcosystemsSemi – Arid EcosystemsSemi – Arid EcosystemsSemi – Arid Ecosystems

3.3.3.3.3. Conservation and Management: SoilConservation and Management: SoilConservation and Management: SoilConservation and Management: SoilConservation and Management: Soil

4.4.4.4.4. Conservation and Management: WildlifeConservation and Management: WildlifeConservation and Management: WildlifeConservation and Management: WildlifeConservation and Management: Wildlife

5.5.5.5.5. Biotechnology and Its ApplicationsBiotechnology and Its ApplicationsBiotechnology and Its ApplicationsBiotechnology and Its ApplicationsBiotechnology and Its Applications

6.6.6.6.6. Public Awareness Programmes and ConservationPublic Awareness Programmes and ConservationPublic Awareness Programmes and ConservationPublic Awareness Programmes and ConservationPublic Awareness Programmes and Conservation

ICSE Environmental Education Class X

Publisher : SChand Publications ISBN : 9788121931861 Author : M P Mishra

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/5488

Get this eBook

10%OFF