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UDC 796.5:004 DOI 10.14526/01_1111_25 BBK Ч518.14:004

PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPTION OF TOURISTIC EDUCATION

INFORMATIZATION

Bay T.V. – candidate of pedagogics

Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Professional

Education “South-Ural State University” (Scientific-Research University)»,

Chelyabinsk

e-mail: currant06@mail.ru

Keywords: tourism, computer technologies, informational environment, technologies of

remote access, pedagogical process. Annotation. The article presents theoretical substantiation of a pedagogical conception of

touristic education informatization. The review of the existing approaches to this problem solution is also presented. The notion “pedagogical conception” and its elements, concerning the topic of the research are considered. The structure of touristic education informatization and its elements

are studied. The characteristic of educational process informatizatiuon in touristic education is given, taking into consideration students’ orientation to professional competencies.

Research methods: philosophic, methodological, psychological-pedagogical, scientific-technical literature analysis; educational standards, programs of training on information and professional disciplines analysis; aims, content and teaching technologies analysis on information

and professional disciplines at a department; observation, a statistic method. Materials. The article is about the questions of touristic education informatization on the

basis of theoretically grounded pedagogical conception; the analysis of educational process problem informatization at a department, theoretical-methodological analysis of the scientific and educational-methodical literature in the sphere of psychology, pedagogics, theory and methodology

of education informatization are presented. The urgency of the chosen topic is checked, the main aims and ideas, objectives of the research are determined.

Results. Scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, experience study of the teaching staff of the department, the materials of own research works helped to define the essence, structure and content of education informatization pedagogical conception; theoretical basis of

educational process informatization at the department are created from the position of innovative approach; the preconditions and tendencies of the integral information-educational environment

development are revealed, which consist in social-economic and social-cultural conditionality, globalization, individualization, science, technics, technologies and education integration improvement, activation of interactive methods and students’ independent work use in terms of

integral information-educational environment. Conclusion. Thus, theoretical and scientific analysis of the research problem shows that

one of the most important conditions for effectiveness increase of qualified specialists training for tourism and hospitality industry in terms of informational society is system-didactical support of educational process, which is realized on the basis of electronic information-educational

technologies.

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Urgency. At the present stage of society development in Russia and in most countries of the world community more

attention is paid to the problem of education informatization, which is considered one of

the most important problems of society development. This is proved by national programs and the conceptions in the sphere of

public policy in education, which reflect the dynamic character of the changes happening

in the sphere of education, including touristic education.

The aim of touristic education

informatization is pedagogical system characteristics of this sphere change in order

to increase its susceptibility to innovations, to give the opportunity to use purposefully the opportunities of information-communicative

technologies (ICT). It should be noted that touristic

education informatization conditioned by global changes, including informational society development, helps to solve the main

problem - touristic industry faulty improvement on the basis of modern ICT use.

The formation of the skills to work with the package of applied programs of reservation during educational process and other

electronic means of information handling and transfer provide informational needs

satisfaction, students’ creative and intellectual potential development and an adequate use of information recourses in different spheres of

human activity. It provides more qualitative training of students during pedagogical

process at a higher educational establishment for the conditions of professional activity in terms of informational society, when more

than half of jobsites demand the use of computers and Internet [8].

With the adoption of the Law of multilevel system of education the creation and realization of bachelors’ and holders’ of

a master's degree programs on the specialty “Tourism” on the principles of introduction of

touristic education informatization pedagogical conception, takes into account the tendencies of touristic market. The system

development of professional touristic education in the XXI st century became the

leading vector of the national and world economics and a great social-cultural

phenomenon of interregional and international cooperation. While different vectors of touristic activity development –

tourism industry, hospitality industry, entertainment, recreation, resorts, sports

tourism, excursions, ecological tourism and others – qualification sphere of tourism increases as there appear qualification

demands for new kinds of tourism, knowledge, skills and abilities. Tourism

development actualizes the problem of educational process quality improvement in the system of professional touristic education,

its correspondence with urgent and prospective demands of the future specialist

in the sphere of tourism, touristic market, society and state.

However, the sphere of Russian

education in general, and touristic in particular, in spite of joining to Bologna

process, transfer to new state educational standards, still stays conservative. Educational process projection and

organization is realized very often on the basis of traditional pedagogical means and

techniques, which can’t provide quality improvement of educational process. Bachelors’ and holders’ of master’s degree

training on the basis of old pedagogical paradigms and conceptions doesn’t allow

them to realize new realia of touristic industry, gain necessary professional competencies and decreases their benefits at

labor market. In these conditions the urgency of the research work is connected with

informatization of educational system and is predetermined by the following factors: no special research works on the chosen topic;

theoretical and scientific-practical value of the chosen topic in terms of society

informatization; necessity to transfer from knowledge giving, subjective paradigm of education to competence based paradigm,

which provides an integral competent personality formation; domination of ICT in a

modern system of higher touristic education; the necessity to develop information-communicative competence of bachelors and

holders of master’s degree in tourism in terms of rapid activation of information-

technological potential of society; expediency of the skills development to adapt in modern

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informational society; the necessity to provide the level of general and professional culture, corresponding to demands of world

community. Mentioned above factors determine

the urgency and expediency of the following topic: “Pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization”.

Psychological-pedagogical literature analysis showed that nowadays science has

the definite volume of knowledge, necessary for the studied problem setting, solution, development and realization.

The aim of this research work is theoretical substantiation of the pedagogical

conception of educational process informatization of the specialists training in the sphere of tourism.

Objectives: 1) to reveal the content of the main

notions of the research: “pedagogical conception”, “touristic education informatization”;

2) theoretically substantiate pedagogical conception of touristic education

informatization; 3) to define the degree of problem

consideration and substantiate the essence of

touristic education informatization. Material. In modern pedagogical

science different aspects of education

informatization are developed: general problems of education informatization

(Kozlov O.A., Lapchik M.P., Robert I.V. and others); conceptions of modern education in terms of modernization and informatization

(Bolotov V.A., Kraevskiy V.V., Slastenin V.A. and others); the problems of higher

professional education informatization and innovative methods of teaching (Andreev A.A., Dolzhenko O.V., Sadovnichiy V.A.,

and others); theoretical and practical basis of information-educational environment and

systems projection (Mazur I.I., Monakhov V.M., Novikov A.M.); the questions of information educational recourses use in

educational process (Andreev A.А, Kulagin V.P., Matros V.L. and others); theoretical and

practical development of psychological-pedagogical problems of modern information

technologies use in teaching (Bespalko V.P., Zinchenko V.P., Kirilova G.I., and others); Internet-technologies in education (Abaluev

R.N., Gorynova M.A., Yakushina E.V.and others); technologies of distant teaching and

remote access (Andreev A.A., Demkin V.P., Troyan G.M. and others).

In spite of the interest, that the

scientists express to this problem, nowadays there is no integrated approach to touristic

education informatization at a higher educational establishment, there are no standards and a general theoretical-

methodological base of ICT introduction into educational process of touristic profile

students training, the influence of ICT on touristic profile students’ (both bachelors and holders of master’s degree) professional

competencies formation is not studied. Studying the degree of consideration

of educational process informatization problem in science, we determined that there is a vivid contradiction between an objective

need for pedagogical process of students training (bachelors and holders of master’s

degree) informatization and the absence of scientifically grounded approaches to its projection, organization and introduction.

The revealed contradictions help to formulate the problem of the research work: what the theoretical and methodological basis

of pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization are, directed at

professional competencies formation among bachelors and holders of the master’s degree.

Thus, the methodological bases of the

research work are the following: epistemology, general dialectical principles of

theory and practice unity, subject and object interconnection, priority of information value and importance in modern society;

innovative approach; fundamental works in the sphere of philosophy of education and

methodology of psychological-pedagogical science; theory, methodology and practice of education informatization.

In order to achieve the aim, to solve the set problems the following research

methods were used: philosophic, methodological, psychological-pedagogical,

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scientific-technical literature analysis; educational standards, programs of training on information and professional disciplines

analysis; aims, content and teaching technologies analysis on information and

professional disciplines at a department; observation, a statistic method.

In theory and practice of pedagogics

there is no a unique understanding of the notion “conception”. It is defined as the

main idea, plan, which determines the content of something; the strategy of pedagogical activity, defining the creation

of the corresponding theories; the system of views to the processes and phenomena in

nature and society; the aim, essence, structure, impulsive forces, the ways and rules of educational process functioning;

connection of the notions, as it is presented in the mind of a scientist; the leading idea,

the main idea of something or the synonym of the theory; the method of cognition, interpretation of some phenomena, the main

view, the leading idea for their explanation or a constructive principle of different

kinds of activity [5] and etc.. The most correct, taking into

consideration the aims of our research work,

is the conception understanding as the range of scientific knowledge of the studied object, formed in a special way. In this connection,

we choose the following definition: “conception is a complex of key theses, which

fully reveal the essence, content and the peculiarities of the studied phenomenon, its existence in reality or practical activity of a

person” [4]. Taking into account the specificity of

pedagogics as a science, a pedagogical conception of touristic education we will call a difficult, purposeful, dynamic system of

knowledge of pedagogical process of bachelors and holders of the master’s degree

training in the sphere of tourism, which fully reflects its essence, content, peculiarities and the technology of operating with it in terms of

modern education. Let’s reveal fully mentioned in the

definition of pedagogical conception

characteristics of difficulty, purposefulness and dynamics of the system of knowledge.

The difficulty of theoretical

knowledge of tourism includes three aspects. Dialectical synthesis of the key theses, which

form different scientific theories (which form the base of the received in the conception knowledge). Speaking about our research

work, for the pedagogical conception the main are the theories of the systems of

information, modeling, management. Variety of the content of the system of knowledge in tourism and connections between its parts. In

order to build a valuable pedagogical conception, included into the conception

knowledge should have theoretical-methodical and methodical-technological character, providing the connection between

the theoretical theses and practice of its use. That is why each unit of the pedagogical

conception should have its functional purpose, providing its integrity and completeness. Hierarchical structure of

pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization as the system of knowledge3,

including the levels of subordination, which determine the logic of its general content development: from general theoretical theses

to the technology of use in educational process.

Purposefulness of the system of

knowledge provides aim setting and achievement, as the result of educational

activity [7]. The main demands for the aim, according to some authors, are the following: concreteness, measurability, reality,

controllability. The dynamic character of the system

of knowledge means its relativity. As we have already mentioned, pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization should

provide an effective use of the studied pedagogical phenomenon in terms of modern

education. All this conditions the necessity to master the main components of pedagogical conception of touristic education

informatization, obligatory for its identification as a scientific theory. Taking

into consideration the specificity of our pedagogical conception of touristic education

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informatization, compositionally its presentation as a complex system of scientific knowledge and as the form of research results

presentation should include the following units:

1) general theses of touristic education informatization;

2) conceptual-categorical apparatus of

pedagogical conception of touristic education; 3) theoretical-methodological bases of

pedagogical conception; 4) the core of pedagogical conception; 5) content-notional filling of

pedagogical conception of touristic education; 6) pedagogical conditions for the

effective functioning and development of pedagogical conception of touristic education;

7) verification [6]

The presentation of pedagogical conception of touristic education

informatization in accordance with the offered structure, in our opinion:

gives it a form of an integral

theory;

provides the complexity of author’s

conclusions;

gives the necessary qualities of

logical orderliness, succession, clearness, completeness;

clearly defines the sphere of its effective use.

Thus, the main theses study of

pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization, including objective

orientations and the spheres of application, provides pedagogical conception understanding from the position of modern

touristic science, allows to consider it as an integral theory and present a detailed content

in accordance with the demands of logical succession, accuracy, completeness and unambiguity. Now let’s discuss the

peculiarities of educational process informatization on touristic specialties

(bachelors and holders of a master's degree) in the context of pedagogical conception.

The formation of educational process

informatization among the future specialists of touristic industry we consider from the

position of pedagogical innovations. It helps

us to reveal historical way of development, functions and the structure of innovative approach to touristic education

informatization. It should be noted that to present day

in the theory and practice of touristic education the problem of innovative approach to touristic education informatization is not

studied enough [6]. Modern high school of specialists

training in the sphere of tourism and hospitality industry should know how to prognose the changes, react at them quickly

and realize innovations in order to turn to advantage these changes.

Innovative activity in touristic education is a complex of taken measures on innovative process support at this or that level

of education and the process itself. Innovations in educational process of

educational establishments, conditioned by the needs of educational environment, realized in the context of normative-juridical

documents, are studied in the works of V.N. Vinogradov, G.F. Glebova, D.A. Nobikov,

L.I. Gure. Theoretical base analysis of innovative

training of touristic industry specialists

revealed the following: 1) from the position of innovational

approach pedagogical process of training

(bachelors and holders of a master's degree) on the specialty “Tourism” should include a

well-known forms and methods of education and upbringing organization. The ХХth century brought changes into the practice of

higher education, which corresponded to the events in social and scientific life of the

country; 2) innovative processes in competent

specialists training demand new forms and

mechanisms of theory and practice interaction, susceptibility development to

innovations in scientific-technical, economic, social, psychological, organizational, pedagogical, informational spheres of

activity; 3) teachers’ activity at a higher

educational establishment should be directly connected with the changes in methodological

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and technological training of a specialist, i.e. with “innovative pedagogics”, connected with touristic education informatization [3].

All mentioned above gives an opportunity to speak about innovative

approach to pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization creation, directed at the corresponding professional

competencies formation. Innovation in pedagogical conception

creation of touristic education informatization is the key mechanism, which gives advantages to this conception in a competitive

environment. The state analysis of informatization at

higher educational establishments shows that in most higher educational establishments, which have active informational systems,

staff has a lack of necessary information and excess of false or out-of-date information.

Moreover, many workers whether don’t know, what recourses and services are available, or don’t understand how to use

them. The staff very often doesn’t have an opportunity to publish quickly unstructured

information and make it available for a definite students group. There is an evident deficiency of qualitative digital

methodological materials in educational process. Available materials are often difficult to “explain” to a student. There are problems

with users identification during the access to recourses and control of own informational

recourses. Very often there is no informational-analytical support for the key objectives of management accounts. There

appeared a necessity in higher educational establishments to divide data-processing

network and access network to centralized data [9].

Information technologies (IT) help to

organize effectively students’ access to digital data. If in this case there appear the processes,

which connect logically students and data, IT decision becomes more steady and successful. That is why in any higher educational

establishment three main components of IT-decisions can be determined, between which

there is a close interconnection, - people, processes and data. From the point of view of

management, successful activity of a higher educational establishment on touristic education informatization depends on how the

processes (which connect people and data) are organized [10].

Educational process informatization on the specialty “Tourism” (bachelors and holders of a master’s degree) we understand

as a complex of measures, directed at activity improvement of an educational process as a

system. In order to increase the effectiveness of educational process, it is necessary to influence fully on the system in general –

strategy, net infrastructure, organizational structure, the system of management, the

system of motivation to labor, corporate culture.

The main technological process, which

helps to achieve the effect from informatization is controllability improvement

of corporate data and processes, which is impossible to achieve without creation of a corporate information environment of

educational process. It is possible to consider educational process informatization as the

process of transfer to the state, when the users get access to necessary, urgent, full, correct and consistent information and the solutions

in the sphere of information technologies are involved into the main business processes. It leads to the fact that the staff and students

can’t be without the services, given by information environment. In this case

administrative functions are fulfilled by the staff more effectively and students’ teaching is more qualitative.

The transfer to two-level model of teaching, Centralized Testing, financing

conditions change, rating system of progress estimation introduction, transfer to State educational standards of the 4th generation

and the tendency to client-oriented (where the client is a student) conception of educational

services provision – all this, directly or indirectly, influences the informatization of touristic education [2].

Large-scale use of digital educational-methodological materials, including mixed

media, off-wire technologies, presentation equipment, net technologies for access to

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recourses also influence educational process informatization on the specialty “Tourism”.

Let’s discuss the main factors, which

influence educational process informatization on the specialty “Tourism”

changing paradigm of teaching;

costs reduce to IT-decisions

support;

correspondence with educational

standards of the 3rd generation [1]. In spite of some differences in the

content of the strategy of education and

informatization, they are connected with the same questions: aims, priorities, methods

determination and activity organization of a higher educational establishment and a department, the effectiveness of which should

be estimated. Concerning the content the offered pedagogical conception of touristic

education informatization differs from the strategy of education only in the sphere of application – in the first case we speak about

educational processes, in the second case about the sphere of information technologies.

Pedagogical conception of touristic education informatization on the specialty “Tourism” we understand as a formalized

system of principles, on the basis of which the strategy of informatization, the main demands

and plans of information technologies development at the department are formed. The strategy provides a system approach to

informatization and concordance with educational strategy of a higher educational

establishment. The main directions of educational process informatization:

IT-infrastructure: equipment, lines and canals of data transmission, data-

processing network, system software, wireless access to recourses;

IT-decisions: complex projects on

the basis of IT, informational systems and services, informational environments,

geoinformational technologies;

methodology of IT application:

informational models of educational process at the University and at the department, the

methodology of effectiveness estimation of IT application, the main indices of IT

application, coordinated with the key indices of activity effectiveness at the department; corporate standard for the order of creation,

introduction and application of IT at the University and at the department; theses and

regulations;

IT-service: organizational structure, management, interrelation with other units

[6]. The main principles of educational

process informatization:

IT infrastructure development;

Informational environment development on the basis of the conception of

recourses, technologies and business-processes integration;

estimation of IT application

effectiveness at the University;

interrelations scheme creation

between the units/ staff of a University and IT service;

IT units structure and management scheme adaptation to business-aims of a

University;

IT financing is determined by the

adopted strategic objectives of University development;

the politics of informational

environment safety provision and corporate data integrity.

The methodology of educational process informatization is based on the main organizational-technical decisions and the list

of the main problems, which are to be solved. The practice of problems solution in

other spheres and the experience of IT-strategy realization in educational process on the specialty “Tourism” show that through the

problems of informatization solution it is possible to achieve activity effectiveness

increase of a University as a system. The following main objectives, which

are directed at educational process

informatization can be defined:

organizational structure of

informatization formation;

informational infrastructure of the

department creation;

the processes of the department and

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University management informatization;

scientific research works and projects informatization;

competence level increase of the staff in the sphere information

technologies[3]. Trying to fulfill educational process

informatization it is necessary to avoid ruinous processes in activity of a higher educational establishment, providing a

reasonable volume of innovations, both in educational and management activities.

Educational process informatization is a difficult organizational and technological objective, which conditions expediency of

stage-by-stage creation of a system solving the problem of getting a ready product at

every stage, which will sequentially modify and enlarge from stage to stage. Mutual connection of the mentioned subsystems and

data integration is achieved on the basis of organizational, functional, technical, program

systems. Results and their discussion.

Received during the research results help us

to make the following conclusions: 1. The process of touristic education

informatization nowadays has entered its new stage of development, the main content of which is in priority of content problems of

education informatization (not instrumental and technological ones), the solution of which

determines the quality of modern education and on them should be based the efforts and attention of the scientists, teachers and the

specialists in the sphere of education. 2. Nowadays a new pedagogical

conception of educational process informatization of specialists training in the sphere of tourism is necessary, in which a

modern understanding of this important social problem in terms of global world will be

reflected. 3. Detailed psychological-pedagogical

study of the problems of touristic education

informatization showed that in modern conditions of informational society the most

prospective direction of education development is a successive system of education formation in terms of an integral

informational- educational environment (IEE) on the basis of ICT, which will help the future specialists in tourism to fulfill an effective

interaction with social-informational environment of society and will give them an

opportunity to use ICT effectively in professional problems solution.

4. The essence, structure and content of

education informatization are determined from the position of innovative approach as

an integrative process and subjects’ of pedagogical process activity, which help to improve the effectiveness and quality of

pedagogical process using ICT, directed at students’ professional competencies

formation. 5. Pedagogical conception of the system

of touristic education informatization is based

on the idea of a continuous informational culture formation of a personality at school

and at a higher educational establishment, during the base course of informatics study at school and studying informational and

professional disciplines at a higher educational establishment.

6. Theoretical basis of pedagogical process informatization from the position of innovative approach include pedagogical

expediency substantiation of ICT use in an integral IEE of a higher educational establishment and the conditions of IEE

formation and functioning, which provides an active informational interaction between the

students and a teacher by means of ICT, oriented at an independent educational-cognitive activity.

Summarizing the results of the research work we can give the following

recommendations:

pedagogical process informatization at a

higher educational establishment is necessary to realize from the position of an innovative approach, based on theoretical validity of a

content, technological and administrative potential of a higher educational establishment

integration in an IEE on the basis of ICT, aimed at professional competencies formation of the graduates;

the base course of informatics, corresponding to the Federal state educational

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standard, should be studied by the students of all specialties, but in this case it is necessary to take into consideration the profile of the

future professional activity, i.e. informatics in a higher educational establishment should be

studied as an integrated course;

in order to realize students’ individual educational trajectory in terms of credit-rating

system of teaching and professional competence improvement of the graduates it

is necessary to include into the curriculum special disciplines (applied courses) of informational cycle, besides general

educational course of informatics, as these disciplines take into consideration the sphere

of students’ future professional activity;

used in pedagogical process of a

higher educational establishment ICT should be rationally combined with traditional teaching of students and be included into an

integral informational-educational environment of a higher educational

establishment. Held by us research work can’t be the

final and is considered as one of possible

variants of touristic education informatization problem solution. The received results can be

a theoretical base for further scientific research and solution of practical problems of education informatization:

research work in the sphere of content projection of higher professional

education in the context of succession: on the level of educational standards, programs and

ICT teaching (bachelor and tourism master's degree);

theoretical and practical study of

educational opportunities of higher professional education in informational

culture of a personality formation and development;

problems study of higher

professional education management by means of a system ICT introduction into pedagogical

process;

renewal of content and the system of

qualification improvement and a teaching staff retraining on the problems of

informatization.

Conclusion. Innovations in educational process management on the basis of theoretically grounded pedagogical

conception of touristic education are the key mechanism, which helps to create advantages

in competitive environment. At a modern stage of development informational environment from a means of access to

necessary information turned into a compulsory component of educational

process management infrastructure at the department and a range of intellectual services, without which we can’t imagine

education organization.

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