Case Study

File System

UBUNTU

Presented By:Bhagyesh S. Patel

Guided By:Mr. S. J. Patil

SSBT’s COET ,JalgaonInformation Technology Department

outlineI. HistoryII. Pros and ConsIII. File System

A. What is File SystemB. Types of File SystemC. Structure of File SystemD. Mounting File SystemE. Creating File SystemF. Some useful commands and tool

ObjectivesI. To Look at HistoryII. To Look at Pros and ConsIII. To Explore How Ubuntu implement File

System

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Ubuntu is one of the flavors of Linux Operating System

Developed by Canonical Ltd.,Ubuntu Community

Free and Open Source Software Released in Oct 20th,2004 Latest Release Ubuntu 14.04.1 (Trusty tahr)

on July 24th,2014

History

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Disadvantages compared with Windows Isn't as popular as Windows Ubuntu is relatively hard to install, learn and use

As It’s Open Source, Ubuntu is mainly used in commercial applications, server implementation

More than 75% current network servers are developed based on Ubuntu, Linux or Unix systems Due to the relatively high reliability

Ubuntu Pros and Cons

What is File System?

A. It is responsible for storing information on disk and retrieving and updating this information.

B. Example : 1. FAT16, FAT32, NTFS 2. ext2, ext3 …

C. In Linux everything is file

Type of File System

A. Network File System 1. NFS 2. SMB

B. Disk File System 1. ext2 2. ext3 3. FAT324. NTFS

Network File System

A. Network File System are physically somewhere else, but appear as if they are mounted on one computer.

B. NFSIt was developed by Sun.

C. SMBIt was developed by Microsoft.

Disk File System Disk File System are what you will

find on a physical device, such as hard drive in a computer.

ext2 File SystemA. It has been the standard File System for

Linux.B. The original Extended File System was

named ext.C. The ext2 File System can accommodate:

1. Files as large as 2GB2. Directories as large as 2TB3. Max. file name length of 255

characters.

ext3 File SystemA. It is as same as ext2.B. It is a journaling File System for

Linux.C. In a journaling system, metadata is

written to a journal on the disk before it is actually used to modify the file.

File System Structure

Hold the most commonly used essential user programs

i. Loginii. Shells (bash, ksh, csh)iii. File manipulation utilities (cp, mv, rm, ln, tar)iv. Editors (ed, vi)v. File system utilities (dd, df, mount, umount,

sync)vi. System utilities (uname, hostname)vii. GNU utilities like gzip and gunzip

/bin

Hold essential maintenance or system programs such as the following:

i. Fsckii. mkfsiii. shutdowniv. lilov. init

The main difference between the programs stored in /bin and /sbin is that the programs in /sbin are executable only by root.

/sbin

Store the systemwide configuration files required by many programs.

i. Passwdii. fstabiii. hostsiv. lilo.conf

/etc

The /home directory is where all the home directories for all the users on a system are stored.

The /root directory is where all the home directories for root user on a system are stored.

/home and /root

The special files representing hardware are kept in it.

i. /dev/hda1ii. /dev/ttyS0iii. /dev/mouseiv. /dev/fd0v. /dev/fifo1vi. /dev/loop2

/dev

The /tmp and /var directories are used to hold temporary files or files with constantly varying content.

The /tmp directory is usually a dumping ground for files that only need to be used briefly and can afford to be deleted at any time.

The /var directory is a bit more structured than /tmp and usually looks something like the following:

i. /var/logii. /var/spool iii. /var/named

/tmp and /var

Most programs and files directly relating to users of the system are stored.

It is in some ways a mini version of the /directory.

i. /usr/binii. /usr/sbiniii. /usr/spool

/usr

Mounting File System

A. The Linux File System makes it appear as if all the File System are local and mounted somewhere on the root File System.

B. File System are mounted with the mount command.

mount –t type source mount_pointC. To unmount a File System, the unmount

command is used.umount /dev/<device name> or

mount_point

Creating File SystemA. Once a disk has been partitioned for a

specific File System, it is necessary to create a File System on it.

B. The first process in the DOS world is known as formatting.

C. In the UNIX world is known as creating a File System.

Create File System Commands

A. mkfs or mke2fsMake a new ext2 File System.

B. mk3fsMake a new ext3 File System.

C. mkdosfsMake DOS File System without

owning any Microsoft software.

FS Commands and Tools

A. pwdWhere am I?

B. cdChanges working directory.

C. lsShows the contents of current directory

D. catTakes all input and outputs it to a file or other

source

FS Commands and Tools

(cont.)A. mkdir

Creates a new directoryB. rmdir

Removes empty directore C. mv

Moves filesD. cp

Copies filesE. rm

Removes directory

FS Commands and Tools

(cont.)A. gzip and gunzipTo compress and uncompress a file

B. tarTo compress and uncompress a file

C. fsck and e2fsckChecks and repairs a Linux File System (same as

scandisk)D. e2label

Displays or change the label of a deviceE. dd

Converts and copies a file

FS Commands and Tools

(cont.)A. dfReports File System disk space usage

B. duEstimates file space usage

C. lnMakes links between files

D. file Determines file type

E. tune2fsAdds the journal to an existing ext2 File System

Converting an ext2 File System to ext3

A. First:A. Use the tune2fs utility to add the

journal to an existing ext2 File SystemB. tune2fs –j /dev/hda2

B. SecondA. Edit the appropriate line in /etc/fstab

and change the value from ext2 to ext3.

Questions…?

Thanks You…!