ubmm2023 ob unit plan oct 2011

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Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

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Unit Plan

1. Unit Code &Unit Title:

UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour

2. Course ofStudy:

FBFBachelor Of Business Administration (Hons) Entrepreneurship (EN)

FICTBachelor of Information Systems (Hons) Information Systems Engineering (IA)Bachelor of Information Systems (Hons) Business Information Systems (IB)Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) Communications and Networking (CT)Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) Computer Engineering (CN)

FSCBachelor of Science (Hons) Chemistry (CE)

FAS:Bachelor of Social Science (Hons) Psychology (PY)

3. Year of Study Flexi structure

4. Year andSemester:

201110

5. Credit Hour 3 credit hours6. Lecturing hours

and Tutoringhours

4 hours lecture per week for the duration of 7 weeks3 hours tutorial per week for the duration of 7 weeks

7. Lecturer: FBF/FICT/FSC/FASLead Lecturer:Cik Amienurul Faidzan Binti Mohd Amin, BBA, MBA (Email: [email protected])

Co-lecturer:Ms. Lim Yong Hooi (Email: [email protected])

8. Tutors: FAS/FEGT/FICT/FScCik Amienurul Faidzan Binti Mohd Amin (Email: [email protected])Ms. Lim Yong Hooi (Email: [email protected])Mr. Peter Tan Sin Howe (Email: [email protected])Mr. Lee Eng Keong (Email: [email protected])Mr. Tee Chee Wee (Email: [email protected])Mr. Alex Choong Yuen Onn (Email: [email protected])

9. Moderator Mr. Tho Mun Sin10. Mode of

Delivery:

Lecture and Tutorial

11. Objective ofSubject:

To enable students to understand the impact that individuals, groups/teams andstructure have on behaviour within organisations for the purpose of improving anorganisations effectiveness.

12. LearningOutcome:

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to1. Identify and explain the determinants of behaviour in organisations.2. Explain the basic model of individual behaviour and the various stable & mercurial

characteristics of individual.3. Recognize the basic model of team effectiveness, specific features of high

performance teams, decision making and creativity, communication, power andpolitics, conflict and negotiation, and leadership in team settings.

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN (UTAR)

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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4. Examine organisational structure, organisational culture and organisationachange.

5. Apply knowledge gained about the effect of individuals, groups/teams, andstructure on behaviour within an organisation in order to make the organisationswork more effectively.

13. Synopsis ofUnit:

This unit provides students with a management perspective that specifically focuseson the impact that people have on organisational effectiveness and efficiency. First, at

the level of the individual, attributes and processes such as personality, motivation,perception, attitudes, job satisfaction and job performance are identified and themanagerial implications for motivating employees are considered. Second, at thegroup level, the important attributes of group dynamics are identified and themanagerial implications for developing teams, influencing outcomes and resolvingconflicts are considered. Third, at the organisational-wide level of analysis, structure,culture and change are considered as major challenges to managers for achievingquality outcomes.

At the three different levels of analysis, managers are concerned with the behaviouralimplications for achieving goals on the one hand, and adapting goals so thatorganisations are relevant to their environments on the other hand. Students are

concerned with understanding these behavioural implications. The study of thissubject thus can be seen as an essential foundation for a professional businesseducation.

14. Reading List: Main Reference:1. McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2010). Organisational behaviour: Emerging

knowledge and practice for the real world. (5th ed.).New York:McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Additional References:1. Champoux, J. E. (2006). Organisational behaviour: Integrating individuals, groups

and organisations(3rd ed.). Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.2. French, R., Rayner, C., Rees, G., & Rumbles, S., (2008). Organisational

behaviour (3rd ed.). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

3. George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2005). Understanding and managing organisationabehaviour(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

4. Kreinter, R., & Kinicki, A. (2004). Organisational behaviour (7th ed.). New YorkMcGraw-Hill/Irwin.

5. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Organisational behaviour (12th ed.). UpperSaddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

6. Slocum, J. W., & Hellriegel, D. (2007). Fundamentals of organisational behaviourMason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

15. Method ofAssessment:

The course grading breaks down as follows:

No. Method of Assessment Total

1. Courseworka) Group assignment 28% (70 marks)b) Oral presentation 12% (30 marks)

Total 100 marks 40%

2. Final Examination 60%

GRAND TOTAL100%


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1. Coursework (40%)

a) Group Assignment 28% (70 marks)

Instructions:The group assignment is to be prepared on a group basis (five members in a group).

It is expected the content of the group assignment will reflect groups thoughts andanalysis rather than the work of others. The selection of the groups members MUSTbe from within the same tutorial group that the students attend. After the formation ofgroups, each group leader shall submit the names of the group members to theirrespective tutors.

Each group is required to choose ONE OBs topic from following 8 topics statedbelow:

1. Ethics at Workplace2. Power in Organization3. Network Structure Design4. Organizational Socialization

5. Effective Negotiation6. Charismatic Leadership7. Trust in Organizational8. Cross-Gender Communication

The written assignment requires each student to write a report on any of the selectedtopic, which is related to the organisational behaviour. Repetition of the same topicwithin the same tutorial class is not allowed.

Students are also required to identity at least ONE company for the application of theselected OBs topic.

Students are required to register their topic with their respective tutors latest by end ofweek 1, based on first come first serve basis.

Each written assignment should contain the following:

No. Guideline Criteria MarksAllocation

1. Introduction

To present a brief introduction of the selected topic.

5 marks

2. Content

To discuss the relevant theories / models / assumptionsof the selected topic.

To complete this section, students will need to do somelibrary and Internet research.

10 marks

3. Case study

Find at least one company to support the topicdiscussed.

Analyze and identify the critical / main issues.

Identify and explain the application of the relevant OBprinciples and concepts to the selected company.

Criticizes / comments.

15 marks


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4. Recommendations

To provide suggestions or recommendations on how theOB theories can be applied more effectively in theselected company.

10 marks

5. Conclusion

Summarize the report.

5 marks

6. Quality of the written assignment

Structure, clarity, grammar, citation and references.

5 marks

Total Marks 50 marks

Students are expected to do proper referencing (APA Referencing) in appendix IVBesides recommended textbooks and articles listed on the reading list, studentsshould refer to various academic journal articles, reference books, reliable onlinematerials and other secondary sources for references.

The group assignment should be between 2,500 3,000 words with 1.5 spacing usingTimes New Roman of font size 12. The number of words written should be stated atthe end of the group assignment. The report must include a cover sheet (Appendix I)and a marking scheme for group assignment (Appendix II). The marking schememust be attached after the cover sheet of the report. All pages in the written reportshould be numbered except for the cover page, marking sheet, table of contents,references and appendices.

Binding instructionThe assignment should be bound using tape binding with two punch holes on theleft hand side of the assignment for easy filing. Please refrain from using plasticcover sheets when binding your assignment.

The assignment submission deadline is Week 5 Friday, 18 November 2011, before5.00pm. Students are required to submit the assignment to their respective tutors.

Late Submission Penalty ClauseDeadline for submission of assessment item(s) is to be strictly adhered to. Noextension of time will be allowed except in extenuating circumstances, e.g. medicareasons. Students who wish to apply for extension of time for submission ofassessment item(s) after the due date shall put in writing the request, together withvalidated documentary evidence to support the application, to his/her class tutor. Thelead lecturer may consider and grant such extension of due date for the assessmentitem(s) based on the tutor's recommendation.

Any assessment item which is submitted after the due date, without an approvedextension, will be penalized. A penalty of 10% reduction of the maximum markapplicable to the assessment item(s) will be levied for each day of late submission

inclusive of weekend and public holiday. Assessment item(s) submitted more thanseven (7) days after the due date will be awarded with zero (0) marks.

b) Oral Presentation 12% (30 marks)

Students are required to present their written assignment during the tutorialclass. The oral presentation will be carried out in week 6 .

Instructions:

Presentations should not exceed 20 minutes and 10 minutes for Q&Asession.


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Formal attire

Using PowerPoint slides

Display of presentations must in bulleted form and in short phrases.

Each group is to submit the following items to tutor on their presentationdayprior to the start of the presentation:

Five copies of the individual presentation evaluation form (AppendixIII),which details such as selected topic, students name, students IDnumber, students course, etc duly completed.

A hardcopy of the PowerPoint presentation slides.

2. Final Examination (60%)

The final examination for this unit will be 2.5 hours and will consist of TWO (2)sections:Section A (40 marks) = ONE (1) compulsory case study question.Section B (60 marks) = Answer any TWO (2) out of THREE (3) essay questions.

16. Remark: ACADEMIC REGULATIONS

AttendanceAttendance at all lectures and tutorials is compulsory. Students must give reasons fortheir absence by providing the supporting documentary evidence(s) (e.g. medicalcertificate, letter from parents/guardians & etc.) and apply for leave of absence fromthe respective Head of Department. Poor attendance without any approved leave ofabsence may prompt the Faculty to take disciplinary action, which may includestudent being barred from sitting for the final examination.

PlagiarismPlagiarism is defined as the submission or presentation of work, in any form, which is

not one's own, without acknowledgment of the sources. If a student obtainsinformation or ideas from an outside source, that source must be acknowledged.Another rule to follow is that any direct quotation must be placed in quotation marksand the source immediately cited.

Plagiarism is also defined as copy of all or part of the work of another student(s) ofcurrent or previous batch of this University or another higher learning institution.The University's degree and other academic awards are given in recognition of thecandidate's personal achievement. Plagiarism is therefore considered as an act ofacademic fraudulence and as an offence against University discipline.

Intellectual Property

Copyright must be seriously protected. The University takes a strong stand againstany illegal photocopying of textbooks and any other materials by students. Studentsare forewarned of the consequences and the penalty that may be meted out if theyare "caught in the act".

Mode of ReferencingStudents are advised to incorporate proper academic modes of referencing. Thenormally acceptable mode of academic referencing is the American PsychologicaAssociation (APA) system. The sample of APA system format is attached inAppendix IV.


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Fieldwork Clause (where applicable)Students are reminded of the importance to consider their personal safety whenconducting research in the field. You will be exposing yourself in new situations andmeeting with people who are unknown to you. It is important that you are aware ofpotential dangers and take the necessary safety steps. You have to be extra carefuland cautious if you are going to interview or conduct survey with small, unknownorganisations or individuals 'on site'.

You should ensure you have the full details (full name, job title, organisation name,address and telephone numbers) of anyone or organisation you intend to conduct thefield research. You should establish the credibility of these respondents before yourgroups visit them. The field research should be made in groups not alone. Leave wordwith your fellow classmates on your field visit (details of place, contact numbers,person you are interviewing or conducting survey with, expected time of return, etc).The field work should be at office hours.


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Teaching Plan

Lecture, Tutorial & Assignment PlanWeek & Date Lecture Topic Tutorial Topic Assignment Referenc

1(17 Oct 2011

23 Oct 2011)

Part 1: Introduction

Topic 1: Introduction to

Organisational Behaviour The Field of Organisational

Behaviour

Perspectives of OrganisationalEffectiveness

Contemporary Challenges forOrganisations.

Four Anchors of OB

Tutorial 1(Introduction)

Overview of theUnit Plan and groupassignment

2 short questions tobe answered anddiscussed by thestudents in class.

Group AssignmentGiven Date:First tutorial class (Week

1)

Due Date:18 November 2011Friday (Week 5), Before5.00 pm

Description:Write a report based onany of the OB topicchosen.

McShane &Von Glinow(2010)

Chapter 1

Part 2: Individual Behaviour andProcesses

Topic 2: Individual Behaviour,Personality & Values

MARS model of IndividualBehaviour and results

Types of Individual Behaviour

Personality in Organisations

Values in the Workplace

Values across Cultures

Ethical Values and Behaviour

Tutorial 2

(Topic 1):

5 short questions tobe answered anddiscussed by thestudents in class.

Deadline for registration

of OB topic for groupassignment (week 1)

Chapter 2

2(24 Oct 2011

30 Oct 2011)

Topic 3:Perception & Learning

in Organisation The Perceptual process

Social Identity and Stereotyping

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Social Learning Theory

Learning in organisation

Behaviour Modifications :Learning ThroughReinforcement

Learning By Observing

Learning Through Experience

Tutorial 3

(Topic 2):

A Personality Testand 3 shortquestions to beanswered anddiscussed by thestudents in class

Chapter 3

Topic 4 : Workplace Emotions,

Attitudes and Stress Emotions in the Workplace

Emotional Intelligence

Job Satisfaction

Organisational Commitment

Psychological Contracts

Stress

The Causes of Stress

Individual Differences in Stress

Consequences of DistressManaging Work-related Stress

Tutorial 4

(Topic 3):

5 short questions tobe answered anddiscussed by thestudents in class

Chapter 4


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3(31 Oct 2011

6 Nov 2011)

Topic 5: Motivation In TheWorkplace

Motivating Employees

Needs. Drives and EmployeeMotivation

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Four-Drive Theory

Expectancy Theory

Goal Setting and Feedback

Financial Reward Practices

Job Design Practices

Empowerment Practices

Tutorial 5(Topic 4)

A Team-basedExercise (1)and 4short questions tobe answered anddiscussed by the

students in class

Chapter5 & 6

Topic 6: Decision Making andCreativity

Rational Choice Paradigm ofdecision making

Identifying Problems andOpportunities

Evaluating and ChoosingAlternatives

Evaluating Decision Outcomes

Employee Involvement inDecision Making

Creativity

Tutorial 6(Topic 5):

A Team-basedExercise (2)and 4short questions to

be answered anddiscussed by thestudents in class

Chapter 7

4(7 Nov 2011

13 Nov 2011)

Part 3: Team Processes

Topic 7: Team Dynamics

Teams and Groups

A Model of Team Effectiveness

Team Design Features

Team Processes The Trouble with Teams

Self-Directed Work Teams

Virtual Teams

Team Trust

Team Decision Making

Team Building


A Team-basedExercise (3)and 4short questions to

be answered anddiscussed by thestudents in class

Chapter 8

Topic 8: Communicating inTeams and Organisations

A Model of Communication

Communication Channels

Communication Barriers

Cross-Cultural and CrossGender Communication

Improving InterpersonalCommunication

Communicating inOrganisational Hierarchies

Communicating thoughGrapevine


5 short questions tobe answered and

discussed by thestudents in class

Chapter 9


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5(14 Nov 2011

20 Nov 2011)

Topic 9: Leadership , Power &Influence in the Workplace

Leadership

Perspectives of leadership

Competency Perspective ofLeadership

Contingency Perspective ofLeadership

Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

Transformational Perspective ofLeadership

Cross-Cultural and GenderIssues in Leadership

A Model of Power withOrganisations

Organisational Politics

Tutorial 9( Topic 8)

A Case study (1)with 5 shortquestions to beanswered anddiscussed by the

students in class

Group AssignmentDue date for WrittenAssignment (Week 5)

Note:Submission of writtenassignment: Friday, 18November 2011, before

5.00 pm to yourrespective tutor.

Chapter10 & 12

Topic 10: Conflict andNegotiation in the Workplace

The Conflict Process

Sources of Conflict inOrganisations

Interpersonal ConflictManagement Styles

Resolving Conflict throughNegotiation

Third-Party Conflict Negotiation

Tutorial 10( Topic 9)


Chapter 11

6(21 Nov 2011

27 Nov 2011)

Part 4: Organisational Processes

Topic 11: OrganisationalStructure

Division of labor and

coordination Elements of Organisational

Structure

Forms of Departmentalization

Contingencies of OrganisationalDesign


A Case study (2)with 5 short

questions to beanswered anddiscussed by thestudents in class

Oral Presentation 1

Note:Each group is given 20minutes to present and

10 minutes Q & A

Chapter 13

Topic 12: Organisational Culture

Elements of OrganisationalCulture

Deciphering OrganisationalCulture through artifacts

Merging Organisational Culture

Organisational Socialization

Tutorial 12(Topic 11 )


Oral Presentation 2

Note:Each group is given 20minutes to present and10 minutes Q & A

Chapter 14

7(28 Nov 2011

4 Dec 2011)

Topic 13: Organisational Change

Lewins Force Field AnalysisModel

Unfreezing : Changing andRefreezing

Strategic Visions, ChangeAgents and Diffusing Change

Three Approaches toOrganisational Change

Cross Cultural and EthicalIssues in Organisational Change

Tutorial 13(Topic 12)

A Case study (3)with 3 shortquestions to beanswered anddiscussed by thestudents in class

Chapter 15


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Revision

Revision

Tutorial14(Topic:13)


Nil.

Notes: The information provided in this Unit Plan is subject to change by the Lecturers. Students shall be notified in advancany changes.


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This Unit Plan is:

Prepared by:

___________________Cik Amienurul Faidzan bt

Mohd AminLead Lecturer

Moderated by:

___________________Mr. Tho Mun Sin

Internal Moderator

Approved by:

____________________Mr. Fong Chee Yang

Head, Department ofBusiness

Date: Date: Date:


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Appendix I

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE(ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012)OCTOBER 2011 TRIMESTER

UBMM2023 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

GROUP ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

Course Details

Faculty

Year and Trimester:

Tutorial Group:

Lecturers Name:

Tutors Name:

Assignment Detail

Topic : ____________________________________________________

Due Date : Week 5 Friday, 18 November 2011, before 5.00pm

Important Note : Submission of assignment is the responsibility of the students.

Student Details

Name Student ID Course

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Assignment overall marks: / 50


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Appendix IIUNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE(ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012)OCTOBER 2011 TRIMESTER


MARKING SCHEME FOR GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Assessment MarksAllocation

MarksGiven

1. Introduction

To present a brief introduction of the selected topic.

5 marks

2. Content

To discuss the relevant theories / models /assumptions of the selected topic.

To complete this section, students will need to dosome library and Internet research.

10 marks

3. Case study

Find at least one company to support the topicdiscussed.

Analyze and identify the critical / main issues. Identify and explain the application of the relevant

OB principles and concepts to the selectedcompany.

Criticizes / comments.

15 marks

4. Recommendations To provide suggestions or recommendations on

how the OB theories can be applied moreeffectively in the selected company.

10 marks

5. Conclusion Summarize the report.

5 marks

6. Quality of the written assignment Structure, clarity, grammar, citation and references.

5 marks

Total Marks 50 marks

Comments: ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Name of marker: _______________________

Signature of marker: _______________________

Date: _______________________


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Appendix III

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMANFACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE

(ACADEMIC YEAR: 2011/2012)OCTOBER 2011 TRIMESTER


INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION EVALUATION FORM

Topic: __________________________________________________________

Personal Details

Students Name Students ID No. Course

No. Presentation evaluation areas Poor Excellent Marks given

1. Provide adequate information for the topic presented 1 2 3 4 5

2. Clear and systematic presentation 1 2 3 4 5

3. Using appropriate visual aids 1 2 3 4 5

4. Voice can be heard clearly 1 2 3 4 5

5. Appropriate body language 1 2 3 4 5

6. Interact well with audience 1 2 3 4 5

7. Appropriate attire 1 2 3 4 5

8. Timing 1 2 3 4 5

9. Able to handle question(s) well 1 2 3 4 5

10. Able to make the presentation interesting 1 2 3 4 5Total

Converted to 20 marks =

Comments:______________________________________________________________________

Name of evaluator: ___________________________

Signature of evaluator: _________________________

Date: ______________________


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Appendix IV

A SIMPLE GUIDE TO APA REFERENCING

APA REFERENCING

The referencing format for all student assignments and research reports is adapted fromthe American Psychological Association (APA) style. The following items show howvarious sources of information are referenced in the assignments or research reports.

1. Journal article with volume and issue numbers. Italicize the journal title and volumenumber.

Boyle, B. A. (1997). A multi-dimensional perspective on salespersoncommitment. Journal of Business& Industrial Marketing, 12(6), 354-367.

Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement oforganisational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 14, 224-227.

2. Book, two authors.

Toller, M., & Fielding, J. (1998). Global business for smaller companies. Rocklin,CA: Prima Publishing.

3. Book, one author.

Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach(4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

4. Brochure with corporate author.

BestTemp Staffing Services. (1997). An employers guide to staffing services(2nd ed.) [Brochure]. Denver: Author.

Note: when the author and publisher are identical, use the word Authoras the name of the publisher.

5. Brochure with a writer.

Lawrence, K. S. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people withdisabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. New York: Research and Training Center

on Independent Living.

6. Newspaper article, one author.

Standish, E. (1999, January 19). Global market crushes OPECs delicate balanceof interest. Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A3.

7. Newspaper article, no author:


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Buying Asian supplies on the net. (1997, February 12). Los Angeles Times, pp.D3-D4.

8. Company annual report:

Mutual Bank. (1998). Annual report. Kajang, Selangor.

9. Magazine article:

Posner, M. I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the mind. Science, 262, 673-674.

10. Book, component part (Chapter in an edited book):

Kuntz, S. (1998). Moving beyond benefits. In Randolph Jacobson (Ed.), Ourchanging workforce(pp. 213-227). New York: Citadel Press.

11. Edited book:

Pennathur, A., Leong, F. T., & Schuster, K. (Eds). (1998). Style and substance ofthinking. New York: Publishers Paradise.

12. Book, no author or editor:

Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfiield, MA;Merriam-Webster.

13. Dissertation or thesis:

Morales, G. H. (1998). The economic pressures on industrialized nations in aglobal economy. (Doctoral dissertation, University of San Diego, 1998).Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 5436C-5437C.

Kiren, R. S. (1997). Medical advances and quality of life. Unpublished doctoraldissertation, Omaha State University.

Almeida, D. M. (1990). Fathers participation in family work: Consequences forfathers stress and father-child relations. Unpublished masters thesis,University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

14. Unpublished paper presented at a meeting or conference:

Myers, C. (1998, August). HMOs in todays environment. Paper presented at theConference on Medical Insurance Solutions, Chicago, IL.

15. Proceedings published regularly:

Cynx, J., & Williams, H. (1992). Hemispheric differences in avian songdiscrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 89,1372-1375.

16. Unpublished manuscript:


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Pringle, P. S. (1991). Training and development in the 90s. Unpublishedmanuscript, Southern Illinois University, Diamondale, IL.

17. Article from a printed magazine, reproduced online:

Norwalk, P. (1999, July 17). Training managers to help employees acceptchange. Business Line. Retrieved June 17, 2001, from:

http://www.busline.com/ news

Note: Do not end a path statement with a period, because any straypunctuation in a path will hinder retrieval.

18. Article from an online magazine, no author listed:

Housing market fueled by rising consumer confidence, low rates. (2003, June12). Builder Online. Retrieved August 11, 2004, from http://www.builderonline.com/pages/builderonline/Story.nsp?story_id=39428052&ID=builderonline&scategory=Computers&type=news

19. Article from an online newspaper:

Zaino, J. S. (2003, June 12). Learning a little discipline. Chronicle of HigherEducation. Retrieved September 10, 2003, from http://chronicle.com/jobs/2003/06/2003061201c.htm

20. Article from a printed journal, reproduced online:

Many articles online are the exact duplicates of their print versions. If the electronicform is identical to the printed version, add within brackets Electronic version. Thisallows you to omit the URL.

Bowler, D. M., & Thommen, E. (2000). Attribution of mechanical and socialcausality to animated displays by children with autism [Electronic version].Autism, 4, 147-171.

Add the URL and date of access if page numbers are not indicated. For example:

Chatterjee, S. R., & Pearson C. A. L. (2002). Trust and managerial transition:Evidence from three small Asian economies, 9(4). Retrieved August 30,2003, from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=292172661&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientld=63520&RQT=309&VName=PQD

21. Information or article from an Web site:

Heathfield, S. M. (2005). Leadership and sponsorship in action. Retrieved June23, 2004, from http://humanresources.about.com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk_p.htm

Lowe, G. S., & Schellenberg, G. (2005). Employees basic value proposition:Strong HR strategies must address work values. Retrieved March 5, 2005,from http://www.hr.monster.com/hrreporter/hrstrategies/
http://www.hr.monster.ca/hrreporter/hrstrategies/http://www.hr.monster.ca/hrreporter/hrstrategies/


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22. Information or article from an Web site with no author:

The state of employee satisfaction. (2004, January). Retrieved July 25, 2004,from http://www.insightpulse.com/articles.cfm

Customer service culture and attitudes towards CRM in Europe. (2005, January).Retrieved May 15, 2005, from http://www.crmguru.com/offers/papers/

salesforce_emeareport.pdf

23. Online information or article from an Web site with no author and no copyright orpublication date:

Employee satisfaction survey items Sample job satisfaction survey questions(n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2005, from http://employee-satisfaction.com/sample-survey-items.asp

Notes:

(a) The APA style recommends listing only those works actually cited in the text, soyou would not include works for background or for further reading in thereferences.

(b) DO NOT number the entries in the Reference section. All entries must be madein alphabetical order.

(c) References by the same author (or by the same two or more authors in thesame order) with the same publication year are arranged alphabetically by thetitle (excluding A or The) that follows the date. Lowercase lettersa, b, c, and soonare placed immediately after the year, within the parentheses.

Examples of Reference Entry:

Kaufman, J. R. (2001a). Control of

Kaufman, J. R. (2001b). The roles of

(d) For Malay names:

i. Enter a Malay name under the first element of his/her name unless it is knownthat he/she treats another element of his/her name as a surname. In that case,enter under the surname. For example, Sopiee is the surname and Norda is thegiven name,

Sopiee, N.

ii. If an abbreviation is used for a word denoting filial relationship, i.e., b. for bin,bt. for binti, follow the referencing style as above. For example, to reference Alibin Adbullah and Nawah binti Ahamd,
http://www.insightpulse.com/articles.cfmhttp://www.insightpulse.com/articles.cfm


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Adbullah, A. Ahamd, N.

iii. If a name does not have the word denoting filial relationship and you do notknow which one is the surname, enter the name as found. For example,

Ismail Hussien

iv. Ignore the given title of honor, rank, or position. For example, to reference HajiAbdul Majid and Dato Sopiee Norda,

Abdul Majid (If you dont know which one is the surname.)Sopiee, N. (If Sopiee is the surname.)

v. If the title of honor, rank, or position is hereditary, enter by the title fist andfollow by the names found. For example, Ungku, Syed, Nik, and Wan.

Ungku Abdul Aziz Enter as Ungku Abdul Aziz if there is no surnameor if you dont know which one is thesurname.

Syed Hassan Ali Enter as Ali, S. H. if Ali is the surname.Nik Safiah Nik Karim Enter as Nik Karim, N. S. if Nik Karim is the surname.Wan Ahmad Abdullah Enter as Abdullah, W. A, if Abdullah is the surname.

(e) For Chinese names,

i. Enter the surname first. For example, Wong Mei Mei,

Wong, M. M.

ii. If a name contains both Chinese and non-Chinese given names, enter theinitial of non-Chinese given name before that of the Chinese given name.For example, Johnny Chin Kai Wai and Thomas Lee Ah Beng,

Chin, J. K. W.Lee, T. A. B.

(f) For Indian names,

i. If the name appears as Subramaniam Periasamy and Periasamy is thesurname or family, enter as follows:

Periasamy, S.

ii. If the name appears as Subramaniam P., enter the same as follows:

Subramaniam P.

iii. If the name appears as S. Periasamy, enter the same as follows:

S. Periasamy


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CITATION IN THE TEXT

1. Personal communications such as interviews, telephone conversations, e-mails,group discussion, messages from bulletin boards (electronic or white board),letters, and memos would not be listed in the reference list at all. Such citations

would appear in the text only. Provide the date of the personal communication asexact as possible. For example:Increasing the role of cable companies in the industry is high on the list of thecompany, Day Cable and Communications (Georgia Stainer, personalcommunication, March 2, 1999).

2. When a work has more than two authors, cite all authors the first time thereference occurs in the text. In subsequent citations, include only the surname ofthe first author followed by et al. (Insert a period after al) and the year. Forexample,

First citation in the text:

Williams, Smith, Bradner, and Rosen (2000) found that

Subsequent citations in the text:

According to Williams et al. (2000)

3. For any work with no author name (such as online article, newspaper, ormagazine article, or a chapter), cite it in the text with the first two or three wordsfrom the title and the year of publication. Use double quotation marks around thetitle and capitalize the first letter of each word. For example,

(Buying Asian Supplies, 1997)

4. For works with corporate authors, the names of the corporate authors are usuallyspelled out each time they appear in a text citation. However, some corporateauthor names can be spelled out in full when it is first cited and then abbreviatedthereafter. For example,

Cited in full for all citations in the text :

(University of Michigan, 2003)

First citation in the text:

(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2001)

Subsequent text citation:

(NIMH, 2001)


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5. To cite a specific part of a source as a direct quotation, indicate the page numberof the source and abbreviate the word page (p.), in addition to the authors nameand year. For example,

(Cheek & Burn, 2004, p. 332)6. To cite two or more works within the same parentheses ,

i. If the works are of the same authors in the same order, arrange them by theyear of publication.

ii. If the works are of different authors, arrange them in alphabetical order andseparate them by semicolons. For example:

(Edeline and Wrangler, 1995, 1998)

(Balda, 1999; Kamar, 1996; Pepper & Jones, 2000)

7. For citation of a work discussed in a secondary source, you would give thesecondary source in the reference list, and give a citation for the secondary sourcein the text. For example, if McClellands work is cited in Colthearts study and youdid not read the work by McClelland, list the Colthearts reference in theReferences. In the text, use such citation as:

McClellands study (as cited in Coltheart, 1993) suggests that

Note: Refer to the official web site of APA for more information.http://www.apastyle.org

Language Explained:

CITING means formally recognizing, within your text, the resources from which youhave obtained information.

BIBIOGRAPHY is the list of sources you have used.

REFERENCE is the detailed description of the item from which you have obtained yourinformation and cited in the text.
http://www.apastyle.org/http://www.apastyle.org/


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REFERENCES

Berg, B. L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (5th ed.).Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. InH. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory & consciousness

(pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993).Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal ofApplied Psychology, 78(3), 443-449.

Dickinson, M. (2000). Giving undergraduates managerial experience. Education &Training, 42(3), 159-169.

Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychologicalinterventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Heathfield, S. M. (2005). Leadership and sponsorship in action. Retrieved March 15,fromhttp://humanresources.about.com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk p.htm

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organisations.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.

New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). TheWashington Post, p. A12.

Rosental, R. (1987). Meta-analytical procedures form social research (Rev. ed.).Newbury Park, Ca: Sage.

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. TheWashington Post, pp. A1, A4.

Suntharajah, S. (2005, May 1). Too many jobless grads. The Star, p. 3, Sunday StarSpecial.

Tan, S-Yin (2004, February). From school to office: A guide to entering the workforce.Personal Money, 30, 32-38.

Tang, F. H. (2004, February). A new-year hope [Letter to the editor]. Personal Money,30, p. 8.
http://humanresources.about.com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk_p.htmhttp://humanresources.about.com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk_p.htm

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