Maria Medina | Sasha Burgos | Matthew Williams | Silvia (Crista) Azqueta | Gracy Vandertap

IND 5626 Project Programming

Assignment 2 | History & Trends

TYPOLOGYHISTORY & TRENDS

1

Hospitality

Educational

Typology History

Precedents Guiding Principles

Trends

Hospitality

2

Hospitality History

AntiquityFigure 1: During the era of Pilgrimage and European trading, Inns and Taverns accommodated the population. The Romans and Greeks developed thermal baths for rest and restoration.

Middle AgesFigure 2: Religious groups developed buildings such as monasteries and inns to provide a place for travellers to rest.

1701-1800Figure 3: Advances in Technology brought along new or improved modes of transporting that opened up traveling to more individuals. The development of Hotels flourished across the U.S. and Europe after Industrial Revolution.

1832 The Holt’s Hotel in New York integrated the 1st steam-power elevator into its design.

1829 The Tremont House Hotel in Boston was the 1st to provide a bellhop. indoor toilets and door locks.

1870 The Palmer House Hotel in Chicago was the 1st to have room telephones and a fire resistant building.

3

1700sLodges begin to appear in North America. Paris introduces multiple-use complexes that include boutiques, offices, apartments, and hotels.

1888 The Hotel Victoria in Missouri was the 1st to have ensuite bathrooms with each room.

1880The Sagamore Hotel was the first to have electricity wired in all of its rooms in New York.

1893 The Waldorf Astoria Hotel was the 1st hotel in New York to offer room service

1950s After the depression, casino hotels were developed. Hotels also began to integrate spas, resort style amenities, gamerooms, etc into projects. Different types of lodging such as hostels, guesthouses, and conference hotels became popular.

1993Internet Access allowed users to browse hotel websites.

2009 Air BnB was founded as an alternative choice for hospitality. Social media platforms, creative marketing strategies, and smart apps became a part of the Hospitality industry.

4

Early 20th CenturySwitzerland built the first ski resort.

1960s Hotels began to diversify, catering to different budgets and interests such as spas, casinos, motels, hostels, resorts, and conference hotels

2018Figure 4: The Conrad Maldives Rangali Island Resort opens 1st underwater villas.

Hospitality History

5

Figure 5: The Royal Palms Hotel - One of the first hotels located near Biscayne Bay. It was the first hotel to contain electric lights, elevators, and a swimming pool. Closed down in 1930 due to damages from the 1926 Hurricane.

1914The W.J Hotel- The first hotel located on Miami Beach, along with the opening of Collins Ave.

1939

Figure 7: Fontainebleau Hotel opens on Miami Beach. It was commonly seen in movies from the 1960’s-1988.

1954

Miami Hospitality

Figure 6: The National Hotel - designed by Roy France introducing the iconic Art Deco style and known for crafting the Miami Beach skyline.

Figure 10: The Edition Hotel opens providing a new form of hotel accommodations such as an ice rink, bowling alley, and photography exhibit.

2014

Figure 8: The Lincoln Road Mall was built in Miami Beach. Business owners felt threatened by the trend towards tourist hotels containing upscale shops.

1962

Figure 9: The W hotel opens in Miami beach, providing amenities that include rooftop basketball and tennis courts.

Figure 11: East Hotel: Provides Hotel Amenities along with ability to attend its own shopping mall, The Brickell City Centre.

1897

2006 2016

6

Travel StatisticsDomestic: 51%

International: 49%

Hotel StatisticsHotel Rooms: 54,744

Occupancy: 75%

Average Daily Room Rate: $190

● Travelers are now planning self-centered trips to various destinations. Solo traveling has been gaining popularity in 2019 as the Gen Z and Millennial generations.

● These trips allow individuals to vacation on their own time and escape the stressors of everyday life.

● Travelers are currently planning trips to destinations where they can take photographs for their personal photo albums and social media platforms.

● Most visited destinations ○ Unique beaches○ Natural landscapes○ Historical architecture○ Shopping venues○ Culinary experiences○ Cultural traditions.

Figure 12

Travel Trends Today

7

Hospitality Trends

Artificial Intelligence:

● Collects data that aids tourism profit, management, and experiences. It can be used to collect information such as circulation data and population density to determine the most populated areas.

● AI can manage social-media platforms to better assist management respond to comments and concerns. Some hotels use AI to study occupancy rates in the area during special seasons and events assist the company with adjusting hotel prices and specialized marketing.

● AI can also tailor the amenities, services, and items a hotel offers to its guests through research, surveys, and data collection.

Wireless Networks

● Wireless networks allow multiple devices within a space to operate in relation to each other which enables quick and effortless accessibility to information.

Virtual reality:

● Virtual reality enables individuals to view hotels spaces before making a reservation. The virtual reality systems enable guests to experience a unique destination from the comfort of their hotel room in a memorable manner.

Voice Activation

● Voice-activated technologies can be used to control the thermostat, lights, drapes, televisions within a hotel environment.

● Technology can also answer questions, set reminders, and send “do not disturb” notifications to other employees and guests.. These devices can record messages that can be relayed by a system reminder or voice activation.

Figure 14: Photo by bruce mars from Pexels

Figure 15: Photo by Grant Ritchie on Unsplash

Figure 13: Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

8

Hospitality TrendsFitness:

● An important activity that most individuals take part in on a daily basis. Most hotels have several fitness rooms offering different types of physical activities and exercise stations.

● Current trends in the fitness industry is focusing on the usage of holographic personal trainers which eliminates the usage of an actual trainer and provides an accessible 24/7 trainer,

● Energy created from different gym exercises can now allow electricity generation for multiple uses.

Food:

● Most hotels are leaning towards offering more vegetarian, plant-based, farm fresh food related items.

● Today, biometric data can be collected and used by chefs to access to one’s nutritional preferences and requirements.

Nature:

● Biophilic designs can be incorporated within a space to promote stimulation, well-being, conversation, and restoration. For instance, vertical hydroponic crop gardens are being integrated within the design of space for aesthetic qualities and consumption. These gardens can serve the hotel’s restaurant or local community with basic herbs and vegetables.

Sustainable materials:

● Sustainable materials are being integrated within the design of most hospitality projects to reduce the effects of climatic conditions, preserve earth’s natural resources, and promote an overall sense of well-being.

● Windows of a building can now be made from Ocean-dredged plastic instead of the previously used materials.

Figure 17: Photo by Ella Olsson from Pexels

Figure 16: Image by Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

Figure 18: Photo by Chris Barbalis on Unsplash

9

Competition for acquiring property,especially in gateway cities like Miami.

Attracting Millennials and Generation X travelers. This can be done by the use of customized experiences and high detail to design.

International visitation will continue to drives performance in the hospitality industry.

Focus on providing services that make it a home away from home.

Key Considerations

Figure 19: by Derek Torsani from Unsplash Figure 21: Jeeshoots from UnsplashFigure 20: Priscilla Du Preez from Unsplash Figure 22:: by George Pagan III from Unsplash

An art-infused lobby at SLS Brickell © Courtesy of Designboom

‘Monkey see, monkey you’ is an interactive installation that is initially static, but once approached becomes alive. The image of a room inhabited by statuesque monkeys come alive with monkeys playfully mimicking the movements of users on the other side of the screen.

Reception at 1 Hotel South Beach © Courtesy of 1 Hotel

Plnthouse, a plant-based restaurant, illustrates sustainability and wellness efforts through energy conservation; plants that support locally grown food and creates a connection to nature; and offers an organic diet for gym goers.

Life House Little Havana © Courtesy of Worldredeye

A technology-driven concept hotel, Life House offers a social media network that connects guests with others staying in the same hotel location. The purpose of this is to create groups based on activity preferences and form meetings with locals and each other. 10

Hospitality Precedents

11

Educational

Figure : Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

late 8th cent. BCThe Greeks started using texts intended for education laying the groundwork for textbook’s very ancient roots

7th cent. BCThe Romans opened schools to teach children rudimentary skills and socialization.

427 BCNalanda, the Buddhist center for learning in India, conferred academic degree titles to graduates and even offered post-graduates courses.

MIDDLE AGES

11th - 15th cent.The first medieval institutions considered today to be universities were established in France, England, and Italy. They were centers for the study of art, medicine, law, and theology.

12

300 BCThe Egyptians built the Royal Library in Alexandria, the largest and most significant library in the ancient world

ANCIENT WORLD

3200 BCWriting was developed in several ancient societies around the globe, including hieroglyphics in Egypt and Phoenician writing system in greece

8th cent. BCThe Romans used wax tablets and metals styluses to write so the surfaces could be wiped clean for reuse later

12th - 13th centuryThe seven liberal arts made up of the core of students learning experiences: latin grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, and music..

Educational History

RENAISSANCE

1400 to 1500Education emphasised pre-professional and scientific studies, essentially to train men to become doctors, theologians, or lawyers.

1621The scientific method was developed: it focused on empirical evidence and set the stage for important contributions to biology, anatomy,and astronomy.

EARLY EDUCATION IN THE U.S

1837Secretary of Education Horace Mann created a statewide system for professional teachers.

13

1400 to 1650The rise Humanism in the Renaissance emphasised the study of the five humanities: grammar, poetry, history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy.

1438Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, thus altering the way information and text were spread and consumed.

14th centuryThe lecture format in education emerged in these medieval universities. Instructors read from a source, like a text, and a class full of students took notes on the speech.

1635Boston Latin School, founded in Massachusetts, became the first public school in the U.S. It still stands as the nation’s first existing school.

Educational History

14

Mid-19th to mid- 20th centuriesMcGuffet Readers were popularized in the as textbooks that emphasized the ideals of “literacy, hard work, diligence, and virtuous living.”

MODERNEDUCATIONIN THE U.S.

1965New laws put education at center stage. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided federal aid to public education. The Higher Education Act of the same year strengthened resources for colleges and universities and helped students with financial assistance for higher ed.

1960sComputers emerged as a critical part of academics. Educators at Dartmouth transformed role of computers in education to be one of academic purpose, rather than strictly research-oriented. Since then, computers have become a central part of learning, both inside and outside of the classroom.

1995The popularity of virtual degree programs and massive open online courses (MOOCs) grew. Educational institutions and others offered two-way digital video, pre-recorded lectures, and more to students online.

Mid 1990s - 2000sWhen tablets and smartphones were released, they changed the meaning of digital education. Students, educators, and self-learners took their learning material with them anywhere to study on the go and connect with others around the world.

1999Social media and blogs gave people the opportunity to learn from others anywhere, anytime. Students used social media to connect with others with similar learning interests and educators embraced these tools to reach their students in new ways, like blogging assignments or Twitter projects

2001The growth of open content, through sources like Wikipedia, spurred a movement toward free and accessible education.

Educational History

15

Neoclassical facades and standardized, utilitarian classrooms with multiple rows of desks.

1920s-1940s‘Progressive’ and Depression-era schools. In 1930s school construction continued despite the nation’s financial crisis and many features were simplified.By the late 1930s fluorescent lights appeared in schools.

Emphasized modest investments and traditional features. Portable classrooms emerged.

1940s-1950s

2000

‘Living Building Schools’ begun by the International Living Future Institute, collect their own rainwater, generate their own electricity, abstain from toxic materials, and promote health and wellbeing of occupants.

2010- Present1870s-1920sPost War schools featured standardized and cost-conscious designs. Modern, one-story flat-roof design aesthetic, and air conditioning.

1949 The Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science Museum of Miami, recognized the need for a science museum.

Experimental schools provide emphasis on prefabrication techniques to school construction industry, and increase reliance on technology. Led to open plan classrooms (open space).

1960s-1970s

1980s-1990s1952First educational television programming was the Educational Television and Radio Center

1962South Florida opened the first museum, Historical Museum of Southern Florida.

Debut of the LEED rating system by the U.S. Green Building Council. Emphasis on eco-friendly buildings, improved indoor air quality, low use of VOCs , natural ventilation and daylighting.

Bertschi School in SeattleEcohouse greenwall

Educational Classroom History

16

Technology integration: ● Technology today is

ubiquitous, invisible, personal, and mobile all at once. Network access is always needed.

● Indoor and outdoor wiring is required.

Educational Trends

Transparency and welcomeness : ● Open layouts with the use of

glass partitions.● A communal learning process

is fostered as public conversations about teaching and learning occur.

● Reduce thresholds of learning through a welcoming sense of openness that connects users and the community.

● Provide a feeling of unity within complex building systems and dynamic environments through circulation, proximity and use of color.

Safety and security: ● Open design with clear

lines of sight and visual interconnectivity.

● Reducing the opportunities of bullying.

Outdoor learning: ● Improves creativity and

reduces stress as it allows users to interact with nature.

Multipurpose space: Learning areas that accomodate long-term flexibility and instructional variety.

Figure: Received from cpnrd.org

Figure: Received from edutopia.org

FIU School of International and Public Affairs’ green roof © Courtesy of Archdaily

Achieving LEED-NC Gold level certification, the building’s design illustrates sustainable practices such as the solar panels incorporated into the faculty tower and a roof garden above the auditorium.

School of Architecture building at the University of Miami © Courtesy of Dezeen

The exposed structure of glass and concrete is utilized as a visual teaching aid for architecture students by “illustrating some of the basic tenets of modern architecture, construction and sustainability” (Cogley, 2018).

Pérez Art Museum Miami© Courtesy of Archdaily

Besides offering expansive views to the outside, the Museum offers flexibility. Temporary walls are placed throughout various galleries, they are used to create subdivisions and can be reconfigured to meet the artists’ needs.

17

Educational Precedents

Bertschi School, Seattle, Washington © Courtesy of Business Wire

● A Certified Living Building● Interactive learning environment● Real-time monitoring buildings

energy use● Stewardship of local and global

communities● Ethno botanical garden● Net-zero energy and water● Photovoltaic system

The Phillip and Patricia Frost School of Music © Courtesy of Frost School of Music

● Located in University of Miami (UM)● Coral Gables campus● Rainwater harvesting● Water efficiency● Sustainable sites● Renewable energy / Photovoltaic

system● Energy and atmosphere/Smart glass● Indoor Environmental quality

Brock Environmental Center © Courtesy of Chesapeake Bay Foundation

● Located in Virginia Beach, Virginia● on the Chesapeake Bay.● Triple net zero building (energy,

water, waste)● Environmental education● Community outreach, advocacy,

and restoration initiatives● Exhibit spaces, meeting rooms,

conference room, classrooms

Educational Precedents

18

The basic principles of hospitality have remained the same throughout the centuries. But today, hospitality includes a broad field of services; ranging from personalized and wellness centered services to various forms of entertainment. Eco-conscious and technology-driven interior environments have also been designed to support life within the hotel facility. In conjunction with the development of hospitality, education has evolved to accommodate long-term flexibility, sustainability, and the integration of technology. Ultimately, the advancements in both hospitality and education support a user’s lifestyle tendencies, quality of life, and environmental consideration. Develop an educational facility

that allows staff and current researchers to contribute to marine life in a home away from home.

Ensure location near both public & private transportation points, which can be accessed by both land and sea.

Create educational spaces that contribute to outdoor hydroscape knowledge.

Design to manage the threat of water conditions, but also create a relationship with it.1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSIONANALYSIS

Design Guidelines

19

Provide natural lighting, exterior views and clear lines of sight to the surrounding natural environment in order to ensure human well-being.

Incorporating interactive hydroscapses that can not only connect to the exterior, but also to the interior of the building.

GOALS

Developing waterproofing entry strategies with the use of path blockways, using resistant building fabrics & internal resilient materials, along with detailing for damage prevention.

Find a way to contribute to coral reef adaptation of warm bleaching through the control of building and human-related emissions.

Find ways to contribute water and marine life as a resource.

20

REFERENCES1960s Timeline: Travel, tourism and urban growth in Miami

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://scholar.library.miami.edu/miamidigital/1960s.php

About the museum. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.historymiami.org/museum/

Boundless. (n.d.). EDF3521: Education in history: The history of education. Retrieved from https://library.fiu.edu/c.php?g=204382&p=1572611

Braun, S. (2019, August 20). The history of retail: A timeline. Retrieved from https://www.lightspeedhq.com/blog/the-history-of-retail-a-timeline/

Caballero, P. (2018, July 31). FIU School of International and Public Affairs / Arquitectonica. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/899092/fiu-school-of-international-and-public-affairs-arquitectonica?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Coffield, B., Lappano, S., & Mella, G. (n.d.). Brock environmental center: Virginia beach, Va. Retrieved from http://www.hpbmagazine.org/Case-Studies/Brock-Environmental-Center-Virginia-Beach-Va/

Cogley, B. (2019, April 12). Warped concrete roof tops Miami architecture school by Arquitectonica. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2018/12/01/university-of-miami-architecture-school-arquitectonica/

Cullen, M. (2019, August 13). Travel trends on the rise. Retrieved from https://www.travelpulse.com/news/features/travel-trends-on-the-rise.html

History of the hospitality industry. (2018, August 21). Retrieved from https://www.kendall.edu/blog/history-of-the-hospitality-industry/

How virtual reality is revolutionizing the hotel industry. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.micrometrics.com/virtual-reality-revolutionizing-hotel-industry/

Howarth, D. (2019, January 25). Life House Little Havana hotel operates through bespoke tech platform. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2019/01/27/life-house-little-havana-hotel-miami/

REFERENCESHughes, K. (2018, July 24). Just ask: Voice technology makes

waves in hospitality. Retrieved from https://lodgingmagazine.com/just-ask-voice-technology-makes-waves-in-hospitality/

Kiser, K. (2013, December 10). Pérez Art Museum Miami (PAMM). Retrieved from https://arcspace.com/feature/perez-art-museum-miami-pamm/

Levy-Bonvin, J. (2003, December 14). Hotels: A brief history. Retrieved from https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4017990.html

Locker, M. (2018, October 30). The world's first underwater hotel villa opens in the Maldives. Retrieved from https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/conrad-maldives-underwater-villa

Minero, E. (2018, March 2). The achitecture of ideal learning environments. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/article/architecture-ideal-learning-environments

Museum history. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.frostscience.org/museum-history/

Nelson, B. (2014, November 4). School design through the decades. Retrieved from https://mosaicscience.com/story/school-design-through-decades/

Outdoor learning area: Camps. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://cpnrd.org/learning-area-state-fair/

Phillip and Patricia Frost school of music LEED platinum. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://greenu.miami.edu/topics/green-buildings/phillip-and-patricia-frost-school-of-music-leed-platinum/index.html

Pérez Art Museum Miami. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pamm.org/about/building

Redmore, S., & Lexalytics. (2018, July 16). 6 ways artificial intelligence is already impacting hospitality. Retrieved from https://www.hotelmanagement.net/operate/6-ways-artificial-intelligence-already-impacting-hospitality

Saieh, N. (2014, April 7). Perez Art Museum / Herzog & de Meuron. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/493736/perez-art-museum-herzog-and-de-meuron

Seattle school certified as world's fourth living building, first on west coast. (2013, April 15). Retrieved from https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130415005490/en/Seattle-School-Certified-World’s-Fourth-Living-BuildingSM

Wich, S. (n.d.). The origins of the hospitality industry and what lies ahead. Retrieved from https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/the-origins-of-the-hospitality-industry-and-what-lies-ahead

LIST OF FIGURESHospitality cover page images were provided by Maria Medina

Figure 1: by Diego Catto on Unsplash.

Figure 2: https://juliathorne.co.uk/roman-baths/

Figure 3: https://connecticuthistory.org/steam-railroads-transform-connecticut-travel-and-commerce/

Figure 4:https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/conrad-maldives-underwater-villa

Figure 5: https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/42248

Figure 6: https://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/the-national-hotel/history.php

Figure 7:https://www.travelzoo.com/hotel-booking/hotel/2155/fontainebleau-miami-beach/?=&pageId=e5cd5a5b-5412-43b3-8384-a04b8b2f5d05

Figure 8: https://www.miamiinfocus.com/index.html

Figure 9: https://www.miamiinfocus.com/index.html

Figure 10: Image was provided by Maria Medina

Figure 11: Image was provided by Maria Medina

Figure 12:https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/the-origins-of-the-hospitality-industry-and-what-lies-ahead

Figure 13:https://pixabay.com/images/id-3382507/

Figure 14:https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-wearing-white-virtual-reality-goggles-834949/

Figure 15:https://unsplash.com/photos/n_wXNttWVGs

Figure 16:https://pixabay.com/images/id-595529/

Figure 17:https://www.pexels.com/photo/top-view-of-food-1640772/

Figure 18:https://unsplash.com/photos/dhvtr5fwbHI

Figure 19: Derek Torsani from Unsplashhttps://unsplash.com/@dmtors

Figure 20: Priscilla Du Preez from Unsplashhttps://unsplash.com/@priscilladupreez

Figure 21: George Pagan III from Unsplashhttps://unsplash.com/@gpthree

Educational cover page images were provided by Maria Medina

Figure 22: https://antiques.lovetoknow.com/antique-cash-registers

Figure 12: https://ny.racked.com/2014/11/3/7570439/macys-makeover

Figure by https://www.edutopia.org/article/architecture-ideal-learning-environments

Figure by http://cpnrd.org/learning-area-state-fair/

Figure by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_seen_on_TV

https://www.thepalmshotel.com/#

Figure by LEED https://www.steelmasterusa.com/news/recycling-steel-and-leed-credits/

Figure by Business Wire/ Seattle Living Buildinghttps://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130415005490/en/Seattle-School-Certified-World’s-Fourth-Living-BuildingSM

LIST OF FIGURESFigure by Frost School of Music https://greenu.miami.edu/topics/green-buildings/phillip-and-patricia-frost-school-of-music-leed-platinum/index.html

Figure by Giving Compasshttps://givingcompass.org/article/open-plan-schools/

Figure by Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Educational_Television

Figure by Frost museumhttps://www.mommynearest.com/edition/south-florida/article/spotlight-on-frost-museum-of-science-in-miami

Figure by HPB Magazine Brock Environmental Centerhttp://www.hpbmagazine.org/Case-Studies/Brock-Environmental-Center-Virginia-Beach-Va/