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7/29/2019 typographynew-101121034905-phpapp02

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FMagazineTypography

ONTS


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eartofprintingfrom moveable type,including the skilled planning oftypeface &size,

composition, & layout, to make a balancedand

attractive whole.


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isywhe


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Ap a etsWe use3differentalphabets intypographic design


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UPPER CASE

lower case

italics (or oblique)


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Upper&Lower

The terms uppercase and lower case

date from the earliestdays of printing, whenthe different alphabets

were kept in differentparts of the printerscase of letters


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CAPITALS

e early printerscopied theircapital letters

from inscriptionscarved in stone

TRAJANS


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TRAJANSCOLUMN, 113ad


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A B C D EF G H I MN O P QVR S T V X


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lower caselettering isbased on astyle ofhandwritingfrom the 9thcentury


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ItalicsItalics are a third alphabetbased on a popular style

of cursive handwriting,used in theVatican


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ItalicsThey were originally usedto save paper and print

cheaper books because theywere more compact than

Roman types


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ItalicsBut there were noItalic capitals, so

standardRomancapitals were used!


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T y p e s e t T i n gFor 400 years after

Gutenberg

invented moveable

type, printerscomposed lines of

type byhand, one

letter at a time.

When the printingwas completed, the

letters werereturned to a typecase.


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TheLinotypemachinewasinventeda

round1884


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The rival Monotype system

was invented around 1887

h


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phototypesettingtogether with theoffset lithographyprinting process,this method of

setting type tookover in the 1970s

d k bli hi


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desktoppublishingwith theintroduction of the

Apple MacintoshDTP revolutionised

type from the1980s


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ironically


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after hundreds of years spent developingtechnology designed to eliminate the dent in thepaper caused by letterpress printing, letterpress is

very fashionable again!


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CategoriesFonts fall into several

different categories, andcan be identified by

looking closely at theletters

f


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SerifsAll the early typefaces had

serifs the short crosslines at the end of the

strokes forming the letters


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ese were based on the waythe stonecutterswould finishinscriptionalletters with theirchisels


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Serif fonts are popular for

setting long passages of textbecause they are easy to readin

smaller sizes


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Serifs

f


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Sans Serif

Type without serifs is

called sans serif


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Sans serif types first became

popular in the 19th Century


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BY THE

MID-20THCENTURY,

THEY WERETHE

DOMINANT

FASHION IN

DESIGN


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Magazinestend to use one of the following:

Ultra-fine serif

(known as hair serifs)Big fat serif

(known as slab serifs)Sansserif

Examples follow...


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Hair Serif

Didot Bodoni

VOGUE


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Slab Serif

Clarendon Clearface

way out westAmerican

Typewriter


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Sans Serif

Helvetica Futura Frutiger

Univers

COSMOPOLITAN

Myriad Gill Sans


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Helveticathe worldsmost

populartypeface


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Helvetica is the vanilla

ice-cream of fonts

Mainly because it was installed on

everyLinotype machine in the

USA and then on everyMac

Ak id G k


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AkzidenzGrotesk

1899Helvetica

1957

Helvetica is

not a verymoderndesign

these are classed asGrotesque fonts -also known as

grots


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gill sans

a humanist sans serif

1926used bythe BBC


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futura

a geometric sans serif

1927theresnothingit cant

do!


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univers

a neo-Grotesque sans serif

1954workswell withany otherfont


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optima


955 inspiredby

Galileostomb inFlorence


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frutiger


1975used byParisCDGAirport


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myriad


992used by

Applesince

2002


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use no more than two or threedifferent fonts

You can also vary weight, width,

colour


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Left aligned text

should form astraight line at the

left side of the page.This is the usual form

of alignment inpassages of body

text


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Right aligned text

should form astraight line at the

right side of thepage. This is rarely

used - usually in alayout design for acoverline.


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Centred text should

only rarely be used.

You might use it for

a title or a poem,

but there are few other

good reasons.


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Justified text should

form a straight line atboth the left and rightside of the page. This

is a common form ofalignment in body textin books and articles.

Usually the last line isnot justified.


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Spacing can be adjusted between

words and individualL E T T E R S (word spacing

and letter spacing)


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Youcanalsoadju

stthespacing

betweenlinestomaketex

teasier

toread,or

morepleasingtot

heeye.


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R PAING

many modn have

sma s and

hundds ofcha paings


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FROM

ANYERATYPOGRAPHICDESIGNREQUIR

ES

NODRAWINGSKILLS

OST


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OSTTypographyis dign

to be

unobtrusive

BUTDispypogphyis meantto be noticed


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knowing the rules makes it easier to


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knowing the rules makes it easier to

experiment!


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Skyline


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Background

Cover lines

Skyline

artwork

Nameplate

Cover Story

Bar Code / Cover Price

CornerSnipe (or

Pug)

Puff

Usually white, or partof the cover photos

background

Usually a single subjectagainst a cleanbackground

(Could be a strap line, iftheres a background colour

here)

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