types of mixtures russ ballard kentlake science department
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Suspension ActivitySuspension Activity
Take canister of sand.Place in 150 mL of tap water.Stir.Allow to settle.Meeting minder on observations.
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Solution ActivitySolution Activity
Add scoop of NaCL to 150 mL of tap water.
Observe immediate results.Let stand and observe.Filter.Meeting minder on observations.
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SolutionsSolutions
What is the difference between
mixture and solution?
How do you tell a
heterogeneous from a
homogeneous mixture?
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SuspensionsSuspensions
Heterogeneous.Particles settle out.Can be separated by filtering.May scatter light, but are not
transparent.
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Solutions Solutions Homogeneous.Do not separate on
standing.Cannot be
separated by filtering.
Do not scatter light.
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Colloid ActivityColloid Activity
Place 150 mL of tap water in beaker.
Add three drops of milk.Direct laser/light box at water.Switch on.Meeting minder on observations.
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ColloidsColloids
Heterogeneous.Do not separate on standing.Cannot be separated by
filtration.Scatters light (Tyndall effect).
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Types of SolutionsTypes of Solutions
Solid solutions.
Gaseous solutions.
Liquid solutions.
Aqueous solutions.
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Solid SolutionsSolid Solutions
Combinations
that are solid.
Alloys of metals.
–Coins
–Jewelry
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Gaseous SolutionsGaseous Solutions
Air we
breathe.
Pollutants
–SO2
–NO2
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Liquid Solutions Liquid Solutions
Gas in liquids.
–Oxygen in water.
–CO2 in soda.
–NH3 in water.
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Liquid SolutionsLiquid Solutions
Liquid in a liquid.Some will mix =
miscible.–Alcohol and water
Some will not = immiscible.–Oil and water
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Aqueous SolutionsAqueous Solutions
Substances that
dissolve in water.
Produce ions.
Produce
molecules.
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Polar CompoundsPolar Compounds
Molecule has a charge.
Based on atoms.
Based on geometry.
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Non-polar CompoundsNon-polar Compounds
Molecule has no charge.
Based on atoms.
Based on geometry.
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Using ElectronegativityUsing Electronegativity
0.0 - .3 = non-polar covalent
0.3 - 1.7 = polar covalent
1.7 – higher = ionic
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Polar / Non-Polar CombinationsPolar / Non-Polar Combinations
Must be the same.
Usually solid in water or
liquid in liquid.
“like dissolves like”.
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Solubility RateSolubility Rate
Surface area
Stirring
Temperature
Pressure
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SolubilitySolubility
Solubility is the amount of
solute that will dissolve in a
specific solvent under given
conditions.
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Predict SolubilityPredict Solubility
If non-polar only a non-polar solvent will work.
If polar or ionic only a polar solvent will work
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ElectrolytesElectrolytes
Dissolving ionic substances in water.
Ions conduct electricity.–Human body–Battery
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Non-ElectrolytesNon-Electrolytes
Do not conduct
electricity.
Molecules form
them.
–Sugar in water.
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Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes.Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes.
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Exothermic / Endothermic SolutionsExothermic / Endothermic Solutions
A measure of bonds broken
and formed.
Heat is given = exothermic.
Heat is needed = endothermic.
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Photo CreditsPhoto Credits http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/susp1.jpg http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/miscible4.jpg http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/sols1.gif http://www.tg.rim.or.jp/~kanai/pic/col04.jpg http://www.foundry-casting.co.uk/casting-foundry-pics/copper-base-alloys.jpg http://www.jhu.edu/~matsci/people/faculty/erlebacher/what_is_materials_science.htm http://adaptivestrategies.com/CARDIAC.jpg http://i.timeinc.net/popsci/images/science/sci0302antifreeze_A.gif http://www.washington.edu/cambots/archive/fog.gif http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/phscale2.jpg http://www.csmt.ewu.edu/csmt/chem/jcorkill/soap.gif http://cator.hsc.edu/~kmd/caveman/projects/soap/water.jpg http://www.chem.neu.edu/Courses/1105Tom/05Lecture11_files/image006.jpg http://www.lhup.edu/~rkleinma/Chem220/CH1Notes/CH1f/dipole3.GIF http://www.sciencekit.com/Images/ProductImages/149666.jpg http://www.gcsevise.com/images/endo_exo.jpg