types and application of...
TRANSCRIPT
Types and Application of
Grafting by Veronika Szabó PhD
Terminology of Grafting
Rootstock: The plant with root (or later rooting) what will be grafted scion.
Cultivar: The plant (in general cultivar) what will be propagated for its
fruits or its ornamental worth.
Grafting: It is a mechanical procedure to connect two (or more) pieces of
living plant tissue together what grow and develop as one
composite plant.
Scionwood: It is one-year-old woody shoot which cut in dormancy (in
early winter) for propagation by grafting.
Scion: It is a short piece of detached scionwood for grafting. Its
cutting surface fits the cutting surface of rootstock.
Budwood: It is an actively growing, vigorous shoot of cultivar with healthy
vegetative buds in leaf axils for budding.
Bud: It is a small organ on stem developing flower or shoot. The
propagation by budding requires vegetative bud.
Bud piece: It is an oval piece of cultivar shoot containing more or less
woody tissue. (It is called bud chip at chip budding or shield
piece at T-budding.)
Budding: It is a one-bud grafting.
Why do we use grafting?
• xenovegetative propagation (no more other
propagation method for multiple plants)
• advantageous combination in one grafted plant
• special crown form (pendula, global etc.)
• shape-trees
• rejuvenate of tree
• virus-test
• regrafting
• repair grafting (an injured bark bridging)
Vegetable grafting
12
Types of Grafts
Pairing: - splice graft or whip graft
- whip-and-tongue graft
- with graft machine (notch or groove graft,
omega)
Cleft grafting: - cleft graft (split graft)
- side-veneer graft
- wedge graft (saw-kerf graft)
Side-graftage: - side-whip graft
- side-tongue graft
- side-veneer graft
- side-veneer graft with one bud (chip-budding)
Bark graftage: - bark graft
- inlay bark graft
- bark graft with one bud (T-budding)
Approach graftage: - spliced approach graft
- tongued approach graft
Ring budding: - ring or annular bud (flute bud).
Possible dates of the graftings:
− Field grafting in the spring:
(from the Day of Annunciation (25th March) to the
blooming)
– Spring budding: (March-June)
– Herbaceous graft: (early June)
– Fall budding: (from late July to early September)
– Bench grafting: (from December to early March)
The relationship between the dates and the methodes of
the grafting
Date Type Method The stage of the
scion
March-
April
field grafting in
spring
bark graftings,
side graftings,
cleft graftings
in winter cutted
scionwood
keeping at low
temperature spring budding chip budding
May-June T-budding budwood
(leafy shoot for
herbaceous
grafting)
herbaceous graft cleft graft
July-
August
fall budding T or chip budding,
patch and ring
budding
September chip-budding
December-
February
bench grafting pairing, side-graftage,
cleft grafting
scionwood
Which grafting methods should we choose?
When the rootstock bark will
NOT lift
When the rootstock bark will lift
In that case when the rootstock and the scion have the same diameter
- pairing
- side-graftage
- buddings (T and chip)
In that case when the roostock are 2-3 times thicker than the scion
- side-graftage (also chip budding)
- side-veneer graft
- buddings (T and chip)
- bark grafts
In that case when roostock are 3-4 (or more) times thicker than the scion
- cleft graft
- wedge graft
- side-veneer graft
- inlay bark graft
Special applications:
- Topgrafting: to change the cultivar of an established plant.
- Repair graftage (inarching, bridge grafting): to rescue the tree when
there is injury to the trunk, such as rabbit.
- Approach graftage: difficult-to-graft or special cultivars for plant breeding
Knives applying for grafting
a, b – grafting knives (long, straight blade)
c, d – budding knives (short, curved blade)
e – pruning knife (for cleaning the cut)
a b
c
d
e
Tools and Accessories for Grafting
a – splice graft (whip graft)
b – whip-and-tongue graft
c – grafting machine:
1. omega graft
2. groove graft
3.
4. saddle graft (French graft)
Requirements:
- the rootstock and scion are of (near by) the same caliber
- the cutting surface are 3-times longer than diameter.
Pairing
Side graftage
a. side-whip graft
b. side-tongue graft
c,d. side-veneer graft
In that case when
the rootstock 2 or 3-
times thicker than
scion.
Cleft grafts
a. cleft graft (split graft)
b. corrected cleft graft
c. graft in terminal bud
d. side-veneer graft
e. wedge graft (saw-kerf
graft)
f. herbaceous graft of
small fruits
e.
f.
Cleft graft (split graft)
Bark graft
a. with one scion
b. with more scions,
c. special bark graft
d. inlay bark graft a.
b.
c.
d.
Requirements:
The rootsock’s bark must
separate readily from the
wood
(It means that rootstock is
actively growing – this
type of grafting is used for
topworking in spring)
1 2
3
4
5
Magyar Lajos
Approach graftage
a. spliced approach graft
b. tongued approach graft
Oltásmódok és használatuk
Repair graftage
Oltásmódok és használatuk
Types of Budding
chip budding (one budded side-
veneer graft)
One-budded grafting = budding
T-budding (one-budded bark grafting)
a) patch budding, b) shield patch budding
Cutting the surface
T-budding chip-budding
the cutting is made from the base to the terminal of knife with one
slice
T-budding - the budwood is upside-down
chip budding - the budwood is in natural position
Oltásmódok és használatuk
Chip budding (right):
more woody tissue, the cutside is
paralel, the vascular cambium of
bud and rootstock fit
T-budding (left):
thin woody tissue in cutting
surface of bud, or the woody
tissue is snapping out (peach,
rose)
Thank you for your attention!