type of partition

7/31/2019 Type of Partition

1/14

1. Partitions in Mill, Slow-burning, and Fireproof Constrcuted Buildings.Partitions or dividing wall in mill, slow-burning, and fireproof-constructed

buildings are not generally required to support a load, but to servethe purpose of

dividing a space into rooms. Therefore, such partitions need have only sufficient

strength to carry their own weight and be rigid enough to withstand ordinary

horizontal. The material employed should be light, incombustible, and poor

conductors of heat. If the space to be enclosed is to be fireproof, the doors and

windows in the partitions should be self-closing and be made of incombustible

material, glazed with wire glass.

Brick partitionsPartitions around elevators and stair shafts in slow-burning and mill

constructed buildings, and partitions around boiler room and coal storage space

in all commercial types of buildings are usually constructed of brick. When walls

of this material are used to enclose the elevator shaft in ordinary mill and slow-

burning buildings, they forms a means of support for the overhead elevator

machinery. When used to enclose stairways in a building of the slow-burning

type, they form a safe means of exit in case of fire. All opening in these partitions

should be protected with incombustible doors and windows.

Brick partitions around boiler rooms and cold storage spaces prevent the

spreading of fires that often occur in such places. Partitions constrcuted of brick

are also used for dividing large hard usage from trucks and boxes. Opening in

walls enclosing shipping platforms and in walls dividing the building into smaller

areas should be carefully protected with steel jamb guards. Partitions constructed


2/14

of brick should be at least 12 in. thick. Brick for partition work should be good,

hard-burned, kiln-run common brick, laid in lime and cement mortar.

Concrete partitions

Partitions of stone concrete of the same thickness as those of brick are sometimes

used in place of brick, but the cost of form work often brings the cost of the wall above that of

brick. Concrete for partitions should be mixed in the proportion of 1 part cement , 3 part sand,

and 5 part stone(stone to be no larger than will pass through a -in. ring. If concrete is used for

partitions around very large coal storage spaces, hollow cast-concreteblock is used which makes

a fairly satisfactory wall. These blocks are generally made by a local company, so that in

competition wiyh other materials, they can be sold for less money on account of the saving in

freight. They have the advantage over solid concrete walls in that they can be taken down and

shanges made in the arrangement of the room with less difficulty.


3/14

Solid concrete partitions walls may be made 3 or 4 in. thick if reinforced. Extra

rods should be placed near the edges of all openings and rod should project into the floor and

ceiling for anchorage. It is usually convenient to bring the concrete after the laid, and, where

partitions are not located under beams, this may be done by having a lot in the floor at the proper

place. A solid concrete wall 4in. in thickness makes a very efficient fire partition, but is heavy

and difficult to install. For this reason metal lath and plaster, tile, and plaster blocks are generally

used in preference to concrete.


4/14

Tile PartitionsPartitions of hollow tile made of burnt clay are generally used around

offices and rooms in slow-burning and mill constructed buildings, and also around

stairs and elevator shafts in fireproof building. Hollow tile for partition work oh

this kind is very desirable and no better material can be had. The tile block is

usually 12x12 in. square and 3,4,6,8, or 12 in. thick. Tile to be used in partitions

to be plastered is scored. The 3-in tile is used in office and room partitions up to

12 ft. in height. Partitions more than 12 ft. larger tile are generally used in long

dividing walls.

Tile for partition work should be a good hard-burned clay tile, laid

vertically so as to develop full strength and carefully wedged in at the ceiling. For

partitions that are to be plastered a tile should be selected that has not been

warped in burning, so as to permit of an even coat of plaster over the entire

surface. Care should also be taken in selecting tile that will not cause plaster

stains or pop marks. To avoid this it is well to secure a material from a plant that

has been in operation for some time and observing the material after it has been in

operation for some time and observing the material after it has been in use a year

or more.


5/14

On account of changes in offices, tile partitions are now often laid directly

on top of the wood floor. Wood bucks at doors and other openings are required.

These bucks are sometimes nailed into the joints or they are made wider than the

partitions and channeled out to recieve the tile. Necessary furing strips nailed into

the joints to receive the wood base, pictured mold, and chair rail should be set

before the plastering is applied.


6/14

Gypsum Block PartitionsIn recent years a partition made of calcined gypsum mixed with fiber and

molded into a block shape has come greatly into use. These blocks are made solid

or hollow, 12 in. wide, 30 in. long, and 3,4,5,6, and 8 in. thick. They are laid in

regular courses breaking joints as in brick work and are set in lime mortar. The

gypsum block partition is not as fireproof is nor will it stand as great a horizontal

thrust as a tile partition, but it has an advantage of being lighter in weight and also

an advantage in that openings can be cut in the partition with a saw. The cost of

this partition is also a trifle less than tile. The usual wood bucks at openings and

grounds for trim are required the same as for tile partitions.


7/14

Expanded Metal and Plaster PartitionsA thin partition of plaster applied to metal lath, making a solid partition

about 2 in. thick, is often used around small offices and toilet rooms in factories

of slow-burning or mill construction. This type of partition is light in weight and a

trifle less expensive than any form of tile. The difficulty of cutting openings

makes them rather undesirable in partitions that need to be changed often. The

metal and lath partition is usually constructedof vertical 1-in. steel channels set 12

or 16 in. on centers, bent and punched at the ends for nailing to floor and at

ceiling. at the openings a 1 x 1-in. angle, punched so that the wood buck can be

screwed on, is used. Over these studs a metal lath is stretched and wired to the

studding with galvanized wire. Grounds are secured to the lath by means of

staples. Plastering is first a scracth coat on one side, a brown coat on each

side,and then the white coat on each side for finishing. The weight of this partition

is about 17 lb. per sq. ft


8/14


9/14

2. Partitions in Non-fireproof BuildingsPartitions or dividing walls in non-fireproof building are often required to

support a light load, so as to reduce the span of the joist above.

Wood and Plaster PartitionsFor such buildings as residence and small stores, hotels, offices, etc, where

the question of fire risks is not a strong factor, the most common from of partition

is the wood stud, lath and plaster partition.the studs are either 2x4 in. or 2x6 in.

spaced 12 or 16 in. on centers. On the studs are nailed wood lath, and over the

lath the plaster is applied. Lath made of pine,spruce or hemlock are used. They

should be straight grained and well seasoned. The regular size of lath is x 1

in. and 4 ft. long. This length regulates the spacing of the studs. The lath are

nailed on in parallel rows the lath are laid with broken joints at every seventh or

tenth lath. to prevent cracking the lath are laid with broken joints at every seventh

or tebnth lath. over the lath the plaster is applied either in two or three costs, as

may be required. The necessary grounds to recieve the trin should be nailed on

before the plastering is done.


10/14

GLASS PARTITION

Glass or silicon glazed partitions are constructed entirely of glass held in place with head

and floor detail and with joints filled with silicon mastic. Glass partitioning systems are available

that produce a frameless appearance to the partitioning. Curved or straight panels can be

installed.

Glass partitions creates a light and airy environment, ideal for modern open plan

offices.This type of partitioning is normally constructed as single glazed units. Double glazed

glass partitions have the advantage of better sound insulation. Blinds can also be included

between the sheets of glass if extra privacy is required. Decorative films can be applied to the

glass, with, for example, the company logo. There are even glazed partitioning systems where

the transparency of the partitions can be altered by flicking a switch.

Glazed partitions are not normally fire rated but can be made more fire rated with special

glass. They are, however, easy to relocate if necessary.


11/14


12/14

Gypsum Plaster Board PartitionsGypsum plaster board partitions and walls are non-load bearing, and are constructed

using dry techniques. They can be used in all types of buildings including private housing,

commercial and industrial buildings. The range covers all applications providing simple space

division, through to high performance walls designed to meet the most demanding fire

resistance, sound insulation, strength, robustness and height requirements.

Gypsum plaster board partitions and walls are constructed using lightweight materials

which can give rise to significant savings in structural design compared to the masonry

alternatives. Gypsum plaster board linings are not suitable for use in areas subject to

continuously damp or humid conditions. They are also not suitable for use in temperatures above

49C but can be subjected to freezing conditions without risk of damage.

Gypsum plaster board is designated a material of limited combustibility within the

national building regulations. For optimum sound insulation all junctions have to be airtight; this

is achieved by sealing all gaps between boards with standard sealant materials.

Gypsum plaster board partitioning is very versatile as it can be used to create either

very simple structures or complex partitioning including curved walls. The basic product can be

upgraded to increase its fire acoustic or thermal ratings. It is the ideal partitioning to use where

unusual height is required such as in lobbies or factory/warehouse sites.


13/14

3. Toilet Room PartitionsThe main consideration in the construction of toilet room partitions is to

secure a serviceable material and so to design the partitions as to make them as

sanitary as posible. For this purpose, marble, slate, vitrolite, and other artificial

products are used.

In the construction of partitions made of artificial products, the

manufacture of same usually have standard details showing methods of construction

which they have found most adaptble to the materials.

In the construction of marble and slate toilet room partitions, the front stiles (1

in. thick) should extent to thefloor and have a cove base, so as to make the corners easy clean.

The dividing partitions should be set 10 or 20 in. above the floor and should not be so high as the

front or back. The backs for water closet stalls should be set away from the wall so as to allow

ample pipe space and should extend up at least 7 ft. 6 in., so as to conceal the flush tanks. Over

the pipe space should be set a removable shelf in. thick, so that the space can be closed up


14/14

and kept clean. The marble and slate for partitions should be held together with dowels soas to

avoid as much metal work as possible.

In certain classes of industrial work, the front doors and stiles are omitted andthe

dividing partitions are made very low so as to give the attendant complete supervision of the

room. In detail of this kind, pipe standards are necessary as a framework to hold the marble or

slate together. Wood-paneled partitions made of oak or birch, and varnished for partition work,

the backs should be set on a hollow-tile base. The hollow tile to form a back for the sanitary

cove base. Partitions made of sheet steel are also used a great deal for factories. This type of

partition should be carefully painted or enameled before it is erented so that it will not rust. The

cheapest partition for toilet room stalls is the 2 by 4-in. stud partition filled with matched and

beaded ceiling.

type of partition

Documents