twa terminal

7/28/2019 Twa Terminal

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TWA TERMINAL | EERO SAARINEN

Roy CasillasAngela Mellow

Elizabeth MillerSydney Riegel


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Project Information

Introduction

Architect

History

Design

Building Layout

Ground Conditions

Foundations

Structural Design

Loading Conditions

Construction Photos

TABLE OF CONTENTS


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PROJECT INFORMATION

Location: New York, New York

Architect: Eero Saarinen, along withKevin Roche, Cesar Pelli, EdwardSaad, & Norman Pettula

Completion: 28 May 1962

Client: Ralph Dawson, Trans World Airlines at Idlewild Airport (now JFKInternational Airport)

Structural Engineering Firm:

Ammann & Whitney

Contractor: Grove Shepherd Wilson& Kruge


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INTRODUCTION

Saarinen and his firm won thecompetition in 1956 to design aterminal that captured the spirit of

flight

The form resembles a huge bird withwings spread, preparing for landing.

The fact that to some people it lookedlike a bird in flight was reallycoincidental. That was the last thingwe thought about

-Saarinen

The terminal is a powerful expression of the activities it houses.

A place of movement and transition that shows the excitement of travel


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INTRODUCTION

From the back of a restaurant menu toone of the most iconic airportbuildings of the world

Original futuristic design

Features thin shell roof, tube -shapeddeparture/arrival corridors, expansivewindows that highlight departing andarriving jets, strips of skylightsseparating the four wings

Invisible web of reinforcing steel,comparable to Saarinens 1962Washington Dulles terminal building(invisible reinforced hammock)

Saarinen developed a special curveedged ceramic tile to conform to theshell


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ARCHITECT

Born in Kirkkonummi, Finland in 1910 andimmigrated to the United States in 1923

His father, Eliel, was also a noted architect

Studied at the School of Architecture atYale University and taught at theCranbrook Academy of Art

Liked to explore new technology, forms,production and processes in design

Wished to create a radically newarchitecture

Believed everything was architecture, evenfurniture, which influenced hisexperiments with materials, structuraltechniques and manufacturing

EERO SAARINEN


7/27HISTORY

1956 Eero Saarinen and firm commissioned todesign TWA Flight Center

1962 Terminal is dedicated on May 8.Saarinen died September 1, 1961.

1969 Terminal received a new departure-arrivalconcourse and lounge designed by Roche-Dinkeloo

1994 Designated New York City Landmark

2001 Terminal ends operations after TWA ispurchased by American Airlines

2005 Construction began on new terminal for JetBlue Airways, which encircled part of Saarinens original terminal

2008 T5, the name for the terminal with thenew structure designed by Gensler along withSaarinens terminal, opens on October 22.


8/27DESIGN

Biggest challenge for the design wasallowing for smooth passage throughthe terminal

Countless study models made todetermine the most suitable form

Concept for the form derived from the rindof a grapefruit

Final solution consisted of creating 4adjacent shells counterbalancing eachother

Final scheme used 3 different sizedconfigurations of curved, diamond-shaped shells supported by 4curvilinear shaped columns


9/27BUILDING LAYOUT SITE PLAN


10/27BUILDING LAYOUT

1. Information Desk 2. Main Lobby 3. Baggage Claim 4. Ticketing 5. Operations 6. Kitchen 7. Offices

TERMINAL LEVEL ONE


11/27BUILDING LAYOUT

1. Gallery 2. International Lounge 3. Ambassador Club 4. Bar 5. VIP Lounge 6. Service/Kitchen7. Coffee Shop 8. Dining Area 9. Observation Deck

TERMINAL LEVEL TWO


12/27GROUND CONDITIONS

Soil: Homogeneous fine sand

(7 to 16 feet).

SOIL


13/27FOUNDATIONS TYPE: CAISSON


14/27STRUCTURAL DESIGN SHELL ROOF


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=

REINFORCED POURED IN PLACE CONCRETE SHELLCURVE INSPIRED BY GRAPEFRUITFOUR DIAMOND SHAPED SHELLS SYMETRICAL ON EAST- WEST AXISROOF THICKNESS RANGES FROM 7 - 40 AT COLUMNS ROOF DL = 6,000 LBS

CANTILEVERS EXTEND EIGHTY FEET


16/27STRUCTURAL DESIGN BUTTRESS (COLUMN) SUPPORTS


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(

FOUR CURVILINEAR Y-SHAPED COLUMNSOF POURED IN PLACE REINFORCEDCONCRETE

HUNDREDS OF DRAWINGS REQUIRED TODETERMINE FORM WORK (CREATED BEFORE COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING EXISTED)

51 TALL

315 LONG

3 THICK


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STRUCTURAL DESIGN GLASS SKYLIGHTS


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SKYLIGHTS STRETCH ACROSSTHE SEAMS SEPARATINGTHE SHELLS

EACH SHELL MEETS IN THECENTER TO SUPPORT EACHOTHER

EMPHASIZES THE LINE OFTHE ROOF AND SEPARATIONOF THE VAULTS


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STRUCTURAL DESIGN GLASS CURTAIN WALL


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STEEL PIPE TRUSS CURTAIN WALL

OUTER ARC PULLS MULLIONSINWARD WHILE THE MULLIONSHANG AWAY FROM THESTRUCTURE

SYSTEM RELIES ON STIFFNESS

STRUCTURAL GLASS HELD INPLACE BY MULLIONS AND HANGOUTWARDLY

CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM FILLS INVOIDS BETWEEN CONCRETE

EMPHASIZING THE LIGHTNESS

OF THE STRUCTURE


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LOADING CONDITIONS VERTICAL AND LATERAL LOADS

Dead Load = 6 KWind Load = 25 psf Snow Load = 20 psf Ice Load = 16.8 psf


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LOADING CONDITIONS TRANSFERRING HOOP FORCES



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LOADING CONDITIONS TRANSFERRING MERIDIONAL FORCES



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CONSTRUCTION


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CONSTRUCTION


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CONSTRUCTION

twa terminal

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