tv broadcasting r&d at crc-canada
TRANSCRIPT
From
Telidon
to 3D-TVTV BROADCASTING
AT CRC
From
Telidon to
HDTV
FIRST PART:
THE PAST
Spectrum management is a key role of Industry Canada (former
Department of Communications) .
TV Broadcasting occupied a large spectrum allocation in the VHF-
UHF band
TV Broadcasting is a public service regulated by the Canadian
Radio-Television Commission (CRTC)
CRC was the only organisation doing R&D in Broadcasting in Canada
CRC MANDATE
BROADCASTING AND UNICASTING
•One to all
•On Schedule
•Dedicated channel
•Unlimited number of
users
• One to one
• On-demand
• Shared channel
• Limited number of
users
Broadcast Channel Characterization and Modeling
Transmission Technologies (Coding, Modulation, ErrorCorrection,MIMO, etc.)
Coverage and Interference Estimation Tools (CRC -COVLAB)
Laboratory and Field Testing of Systems
Audio and Video Signal Processing and Compression
Psychophysics of Human Audio and Visual Perception
Audio and Video Objective/Subjective Quality Assessment
3D TV and Immersive environment
Multimedia Distribution Techniques: Internet, Wi -Fi, Wi-Max,IPTV…
SDR implementation of Broadcasting Standards
Applications of Broadcasting techniques to other areas such as Public Safety, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Defence...
CRC CORE EXPERTISE
Transmission
technologies
Coverage estimation
tools
New coverage concepts
and broadcast network
topologies
Audio and video signal
processing/compression
Multimedia broadcasting
Digital broadcasting
Test beds
Mobile test vans
Advanced Television
Evaluation Lab (ATEL)
Audio quality
assessment studio
Multimedia
broadcasting lab
RESEARCH AREAS FACILITIES
CRC TV BROADCASTING FACILITIES
DTV Transmission Test Bed
Computer Simulations
Test Vans for mobile measurement
ATSC Mobile DTV Transmitters (SFN)
High Power Experimental Transmitter ( Manotick)– C h a n n e l 6 7 ( 7 8 8 - 7 9 4 M H z )
– T X Ou t p u t Power : 2 . 5 k W
– Aver a g e E R P : 3 0 k W
– Tower H e ig h t : 2 0 9 m
– EHAAT: 215 m
1946-1953 American television received in border areas
1952: CBC TV stations in Montréal and Toronto
1961: CTV on the air
1982: World’s First HDTV Conference organized in Canada
2010: 738 full power NTSC TV transmitters and 1238 low
power ones
2011: Digital TV transition in 31 mandatory markets
2013: Reallocation of TV channels 52-69 to mobile services
2014: 700 MHZ licences sold for $5.27 billion
HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN CANADA
MY HISTORY:
ADMIRAL B&W TV IN QUEBEC CIT Y: 1955
SEARS COLOR TV:1970
New concept for communications satell ites; high power in the satell ite and small dishes on earth
This concept, called a Direct Broadcast Satell ite (DBS), was championed by John Chapman
A means of delivering high quality TV transmissions to Canadians outside urban centres
1976: Communications Technology Satell ite (CTS)/ Hermes
May 1978: the world's first direct -to-home satell ite television broadcast carried a Stanley Cup hockey game from Canada to the home of a Canadian diplomat in Lima, Peru.
Hermes also demonstrated Satell ite News Gathering (SNG)
David Florida Laboratory was built with facil ities to integrate and test the satell ite
1987, an EMMY was awarded to the Department of Communications and NASA recognizing their joint role in developing the Ku band satell ite technology
DIRECT-TO-HOME SATELLITE
BROADCASTING: 1976
First rural fiber optic network
350 people town.
150 subscribers
$10 millions investment ( 50 % from the Canadian
government)
Distribution of telephone , radio, television and data
(Telidon) over an optic fiber
Switched star Network configuration
Telidon at 4.8 kilobits/sec. !!!
One analog TV channel (among a choice of 8!!!)
CRC investigated Video Transmission, Bidirectional operation
and fiber splicing techniques.
First step toward Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
now called Internet
PROJECT ELIE (MANITOBA): 1981
Enabling a T V sets to receive Data/Images by telephone l ine
Increased coverage by using Teletext (Broadcasting)
Teletext was adding Tel idon data ( 40-50 kilobits/sec.)to the Broadcast T V signal
Data was inser ted in the Ver t ical Blanking Interval (VBI)
Field tests were done across Canada to determine coverage: Over the air and on Cable
Test Pi lot on T V master transmitters in Toronto and Montréal
T V set -top built by Norpak now part of Ross Video
Telidon-Teletext was the first step toward the digitalisation of T V Broadcasting in Canada
Provided crit ical information on T V channel characteristics
TELIDON (1979-1985)
TELIDON TERMINAL (1979)HERB B OWN , B O B WA RB U RTO N , B IL L SAWC HU K ,
D O U G O 'B RIEN AND JO HN S TO REY
Using Digital Filter to cancel ‘ghosts’ in Analog TV signal
Testing of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter to remove
ghosts
Creation of Multipath simulators combinations for testing
Coordination of evaluation of Ghost Cancellation
Reference (GCR) Signal for the ATSC
Philips Laboratories (Winner)
RCA-Sarnoff
BTA-NECX
AT&T-Zenith
Samsung
Standard in the USA-Canada
NTSC GHOST CANCELLATION
Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE)
Developed by NHK Laboratories (Japan) in the 1980
Hi-Vision: HDTV distribution over satellite
2-dimensional filtering, dot-interlacing, motion-vector
compensation and line-sequential color encoding with time
compression to 'fold' an original 20 MHz source Hi-Vision
signal into a bandwidth of 8.1 MHz.
1125 lines , 60 HZ, Digital Audio
Terrestrial MUSE transmission used a bandwidth limited FM
system
Narrow Muse (6 MHz) was proposed for North America
Terrestrial transmission and was evaluated at CRC-ATEL
JAPANESE HI-VISION MUSE (1980-1995)
DIRECTOR GENERAL BROADCAST
TECHNOLOGIES (DGBT) CIRCA 1986
Multiplex Analog Component (MAC) (Europe)
MAC transmits luminance and chrominance data separately in time rather than separately in frequency (as other analog television formats do, such as composite video).
Audio was transmitted digitally rather than as an FM subcarrier.
MAC standard included a standard scrambling system
Hi-Vision MUSE (Japan)
Required more bandwidth (12-16-24-32 MHz)
Limited to satell ite distribution
Required two channels for terrestrial transmission
CRC monitored developments and tested MAC prototype
HYBRID (ANALOG-DIGITAL)
HDTV BROADCASTING- 1990
SIMULATED MAC SIGNAL.
Digital data (Audio), chrominance and luminance
VIDEO EQUIPMENT-1991
Digital Video Sequence Recorder: VTE
SONY HD Tape Recorder & Monitor
Format Converter
HD Rear Projector: Hitachi
HDTV pictures required in the order of 100 mbps
Compression make it fit into a video channel
MPEG-2 requires around 20 mbps
CRC investigated various compression schemes
CRC contributed to MPEG developments
CRC was a founding member of the Video Quality Evaluation Group (VQEG)
CRC made contributions to the ITU on video processing and video quality evaluation
VIDEO COMPRESSION
Demonstrations of HDTV equipment from Europe-Japan
Technical conference in Ottawa: Advanced Television Colloquium
Satell ite l inks from Japan to North America: HD-MUSE
Public demonstrations in a Shopping Centre in Ottawa-Hull
Similar demonstrations in Toronto, Washington, New-York and
Los Angeles
Public Subjective Tests at the Government of Canada Conference
Centre
First HDTV production in Canada ‘’Over the Rainbow’’ was shown
Survey showed that people would l ike HDTV but a reasonable
price
1988 cost of HDTV sets: $10,000
HDTV ’87 DEMONSTRATIONS IN CANADA
USA concerns about Japanese HDTV Systems: Camera, Recorders, transmitters, receivers (Sony, Hitachi, Toshiba, Matsushita…)
USA wish to protect its microelectronics and consumers electronic industry: RCA (now Thomson), Zenith( now LG)
Create a process to built an American TV broadcast system
Advisory Committee on Advanced Television System (USA)
Advanced Television System Committee (USA)
Advanced Television Test Centre (USA)
Cable Labs (USA)
Advanced Television Evaluation Laboratory (CRC-ATEL) Canada
In Canada
Advanced Broadcasting Systems of Canada (ABSOC)
Joint Technical Committee on Advanced Broadcasting (JT-CAB)
HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION (HDTV): 1987
Initial Specification: Analogue and NTSC Compatible HDTV
System
23 proposals received by ACATS (1988)
Woo Paik from General Instrument (GI) put together digital
standard TV satellite encoders (VideoCypher) to create the
first HDTV digital signal
New specification: Digital non-compatible HDTV system with
a transition period
5 Proposals ($200K Testing fee) 1990:
Sarnoff-Thompson-Philips (Analog then Digital version)
Zenith-AT&T
GI
MIT
NHK Narrow-Muse (Analog)
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE USA
ATTC made objective tests and prepared tapes for subjective video tests
CRC-ATEL carried out the subjective tests
ATEL Compare source with transmitted pictures
Multiple video formats including Progressive and interlaced Scanning: Format Converter
Rear-Projection Display needed to switch between HDTV formats
University students hired as viewers
Special Panel’s Conclusion mostly based on ATEL subjective tests results:
Digital systems much better than analog: NHK withdraw
No clear winner among Digital systems
ACATS recommend new tests on improved systems
HDTV TESTING (1991-93)
ADVANCED TELEVISION EVALUATION
LABORATORY (ATEL)
Fig 2. Viewing Room of ATEL. The lighting
level and colour of the back-lit viewing wall
meets the requirements of ITU-R
Recommendation 500. Viewers are seated at a
distance as is appropriate for HDTV or
Standard TV.
Fig 3. Control and Switching Room Equipment
to display images in the ATEL Viewing Room
AVERAGE DIFFERENCES BET WEEN QUALIT Y JUDGMENTS FOR
THE 1125-LINE STUDIO QUALIT Y REFERENCE AND FOR EACH
OF THE PROPOSED AT V SYSTEMS.
CARRIER-TO-NOISE N-MUSE DigiCipher DSC-HDTV AD-HDTV CCDC
+38 +16.0 +16.0 +18.4 +15.4
CO-CHANNEL N-MUSE DigiCipher DSC-HDTV AD-HDTV CCDC
ATV-into-NTSC +16.8 +35 +35 +34 +36
NTSC-into-ATV +21 +7.6 +3.5 +0.50 +8.1
ATV-into-ATV +31 +16.4 +18.2 +19.1 +16.6
ADJACENT-CHANNEL N-MUSE DigiCipher DSC-HDTV AD-HDTV CCDC
Lower ATV-into-NTSC –31 –13.5 –17.2 –16.0 –17.8
Upper ATV-into-NTSC –12.0 –21 –7.5 –8.9 –17.0
Lower NTSC-into-ATV +28 –30 –43 –38 –37
Upper NTSC-into-ATV –11.8 –24 –42 –36 –37
Lower ATV-into-ATV –15.5 –23 –35 –33 –32
Upper ATV-into-ATV +16.6 –23 –36 –16.8 –32
SYSTEM-SPECIFIC PLANNING FACTORS
(D/U IN DB)
Donald Rumsfield (General Instrument) propose a Grand
Alliance:
RCA-Sarnof-Thomson, GI, MIT, Philips, Zenith & AT&T
Encoder: GI and AT&T
Transport System (Multiplex) RCA-Sarnoff Labs. (enable
single HDTV or multiple Standard TV programs in single 6
MHz channel)
Decoder: Philips
Audio: Dolby AC-3
Modulation: Zenith 8-VSB
Grand Alliance system tested by ATTC and ATEL
A 53 ATSC Standard adopted in 1995 by the USA
Adopted by Canada in 1997
HDTV GRAND ALLIANCE 1993
LABOR DIVISION OF THE GRAND ALLIANCE
2009 EMMY AWARD:STANDARDIZATION OF THE ATSC DIGITAL SYSTEM:
-Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service (ACATS)
-Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC)
-Advanced Television Test Center (ATTC)
-CRC Advanced Television Evaluation Laboratory (ATEL)
Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Multicarriers)
European alternative to single carrier: Zenith 8-VSB and GI 32-
QAM
Flexible Guard space used against Multipath
Enable Single Frequency Network and Mobile Reception
Consortium Canada-USA-Brazil to adapt COFDM to 6 Mhz
channels
COFDM-6 Modem built by Sintef-Delab (Norway)
6 MHz Transmission parameters set by CRC
Laboratory and field tests done by CRC
ACATS-Expert Group did not see the superiority of COFDM in the
North American context
Grand All iance worked on improving 8-VSB Channel equalization.
COFDM 6
ATSC: USA-Canada-Mexico-Korea
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Europe-Australia-New
Zealand-Singapore
Integrated System for Digital Broadcasting : Japan
Digital Mobile Broadcasting-T: China
International System for DTV: Brazil
Some CRC involvement with all
INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL BROADCASTING
SYSTEMS
DTV AROUND THE WORLD
Experimental HDTV Station: 1999 (Manotick)
Industry Canada
CDTV
Larcan
CRC
Experimental Single Frequency Network and
On-Channel Repeater
HDTV Receivers testing
Confirm channel parameters
Measure evolution of channel equaliser range
HDTV FIELD TEST IN CANADA
TV TRANSMISSION TESTING FACILITIES
Fig 4. Equipment at the Transmission Laboratory to simulate transmission environments for testing and comparing robustness to transmission impairments of different transmission and modulation technologies
Fig 5. Mobile Transmission Laboratory for television transmission and coverage tests (Picture shows tests being carried out at Parliament Hill in Ottawa)
DTV Chanel parameters, transmission
mask…provided by CRC
738 Canadian full-power television transmitters
1238 low-power transmitters
First transition allotment plan in 1998
Second transition allotment plan in 1999
Final Transitional Allotment Plan in May 2005
Post-Transition Allotment plan in December
2008
First Canadian station (CITY-TV) : January 2003
HDTV CHANNEL ALLOCATION
Transition coordinated by the Canadian Digital Television (CDTV)
Broadcasters: Astral, Bell, CHUM, Global, Telesat, CTV, Corus, Omni…
Consumers and Professional Equipment suppliers: LG, Sharp, Sony, R&S, Larcan
Industry and Government Organisations: CRTC, CRC, CAB, IC, Heritage…
Industry Canada produced a Transition DTV allotment plan and a DTV Post Transition Allotment plan
End of NTSC (Analog) Transmission on August 31, 2011
Digital TV in only 28 markets
Other areas can remain analogue
Channel 52-69 (698-806 MHz)cleared of TV broadcasting signals
DIGITAL TV TRANSITION
14 Canadian stations
CBC (English) (4) 25
Global (6) 14
CBC (French) (9) 22
CHCH (11) 33
CTV 13
Omni1 (60) 27
TVO 24
TQ - Télé Québec 30
TQS (V) - CFGS 34
TVA - CHOT 40
CTS (32) 42
"A" Channel 43
Omni2 (14) 20
CityTV (65) 17
5 from Watertown-Norwood
WNPI Norwood PBS 23
WCFE Mountain Lake PBS 38
WNYF FOX SD 18
WWNY CBS HD 7
WWTI ABC HD 21
HDTV STATIONS NOW AVAILABLE IN THE
OTTAWA AREA
Licence Winners # of Licences Won Final Price Total Population Covered
Feenix 1 Paired + 0 Unpaired $284,000 107,215
MTS 1 Paired + 0 Unpaired $8,772,072 1,206,968
Bragg 4 Paired + 0 Unpaired $20,298,000 3,101,204
TELUS 16 Paired + 14 Unpaired $1,142,953,484 33,475,915
Vidéotron 7 Paired + 0 Unpaired $233,328,000 28,030,489
Bell 17 Paired + 14 Unpaired $565,705,517 33,475,915
Sasktel 1 Paired + 0 Unpaired $7,556,929 1,030,039
Rogers 22 Paired + 0 Unpaired $3,291,738,000 33,368,700
700 MHZ (TV BAND)
SPECTRUM AUCTIONS
Second part: Present and Future
TV BROADCASTING
AT CRC
Adding Data to analog Color TV Broadcasting
Data available for various applications including electronic newspapers, downloading computer software and transmitting supplemental information to TV commercials
National Data Broadcasting Committee (NDBC) set up in the USA to select a system
2 candidates: Wavephore and Digideck
CRC involves in Laboratory tests
Transmission
Subjective evaluation of impairments
CRC as consultant to American-Japanese TV broadcasters
Transmission performance
Data Capacity potential
NTSC DATA CASTING (1995-96)
Local multipoint communication systems (LMCS) 1995-1997 LMCS for the distribution of services, such as interactive video,
broadcasting, multimedia, voice, narrowband and broadband data services to Canadian households and businesses;
27.35–28.35 GHz
CRC did coverage (5 Km radius) study and field tests for WIC -Connexus to determine viability of possible point to multipoint services
Coverage limited by humidity in foliage
In 2014, IC expected the band to be used by fixed point-to-point services to support commercial mobile services.
Reduced Bandwidth Electronic News Gathering (ENG) 1999 Performance degradation from 12 MHz ENG vs 17 MHz
Broadcast Auxiliary Services Band reduced from 120 to 85 MHz: 2.025 -2.110 GHz
Impairments tests to determine subjective video-audio threshold
Degradation of a few dB for video (2-4.5 dB) and audio (5-6 dB)
SPECTRUM EFFICIENCIES
White is the free spectrum in the TV bands that could be used by
other unlicenced services using Data Base or cognitive radio.
CRC investigated sensing techniques to identify available white
space
Developed Testing Methods for White Space devices
Contributed to development of industry standard
Helped Canadian industry developing White Space devices
(RedLine)
TV WHITE SPACE
R&D Program set by CRC in 2002, to support
Industry Canada mandate to increase service in
Rural and Remote areas.
One of the project proposed to used Broadcasting
technologies:
Using ATSC to transmit 20 MBPS over 6 MHZ channels
Using DVB-RCT as a return data channel
CRC contributed to the development of the IEEE
802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN)
standard (2011)
RURAL AND REMOTE
BROADBAND ACCESS (RRBA) 2002-05
RRBA BROADCAST CONCEPT
MOBILE VIDEO BROADCASTING
Laboratory and Field tests of proposals for ATSC H/M
Investigations on more efficient Audio/Video
compression technologies Wavelet-based codec (CRC-CWT and CRC-WVC)
Frame rate conversion (CRC-FRC)
Multi-frame motion estimation
Bio-inspired audio coding algorithms
Contributions to the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) for Multimedia applications.
Subjective audio/video evaluations
Investigation of effect of Tx impairments on video quality
Investigations on Multimedia Broadcasting using DAB-
DMB technologies in the VHF-UHF Band
Coverage prediction using COV-LAB
Video over Wi-Fi and WiMax
MOBILE RECEPTION TESTS
Fig 6. Interior of the Mobile Transmission Laboratory for television transmission and coverage tests
Fig 7. Installation of an 8-VSB Gap-Filler transmitter
IMPROVEMENTS TO ATSC DTV COVERAGE :
PREDICTION OF SFN COVERAGE
48
Example of CRC-COVLAB prediction for
Mobile/Fixed
Fixed
Mobile
Coverage prediction software for Radio -TV Broadcast systems
Using various propagation models including CRC Predict
Developed to demonstrate Digital Radio Broadcasting (DRB)
coverage in L-Band
Coverage improvements using Single Frequency Networks
Coverage reduction of FM in Canada due to interference from
US FM-IBOC
Mobile DTV (ATSC-M/H) coverage prediction
On-Line coverage prediction
Software sold around the world
CRC COV-LAB
SINGLE FREQUENCY NETWORK
In 2002, CRC did interference assessment to
enable spectrum sharing between NTSC-DTV
and Public Safety Wireless Operation on
Channels 60-69 (746-806 MHz):
Co-Channel interference (200-300 Km protection):
Clear channel 63 and 68 for Public Safety
Adjacent Channel interference: Co-location of Public
Safety Base Station if channel 62-64 in operation.
CRC developed video processing techniques to
improve images from surveillance recording in
low light conditions
PUBLIC SAFETY
Competition to find the best
Loudness Meter for TV broadcasting
CRC responsible for testing
CRC (Gilbert Soulodre) developed a simple reference to
validate tests
CRC design found to be the best one !
ITU adopted CRC design as international standard (2006)
CRC Design is now in the public domain
The CRC team won another in the EMMY AWARD in the
Technology and Engineering category, for their part in
devising an international standard that will help to lower
the volume on television commercials along with Dolby
and the ITU.
CRC VIDEO LOUDNESS METER:
THIRD EMMY AWARD !
3D TELEVISION AT CRC
Popularity of 3-D Cinema
Future Upgrade to HDTV
Availability of 3-D Display (Without glasses)
Small overhead in term of data rate
Better understanding of the 3-D production problems
Cell phones with 3D displays.
CRC Investigation on compression technologies for 3 -D
video
CRCC Subjective evaluation of 3 -D
CRC Conversion of 2-D video programs to 3-D
Automatic (CRC Software) conversion of 2 -D to 3-D Video
53
3D TV ASSESSMENTS AT CRC (2003)FILIPPO SPERANZA, TAALI MARTIN, RON RENAUD
Single Frequency Network: Better
coverage, low power
DTV Multiplex flexibility: More programs
or less transmitters
Mobile television broadcasting:
Reception in mobile phones
Enhanced ATSC VSB: Better transmission
Wireless return channel for interactive
broadcast channels
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CRTC
Contribution to the Heritage
Standing Committee
Information to Auditor General
Information to Customs
Brochure on Canadian industry
capability for Foreign Affair
OTHER SUPPORT TO THE
GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
Demonstration of HDTV Tele Health
Telesat Canada tests on
contribution links
DTV Receivers testing
Patents sold
OTHER SUPPORT TO INDUSTRY
PERFORMANCES OF DIFFERENT
GENERATIONS OF ATSC RECEIVERS
Our Canadian Partners
PARTNERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD
Outreach Activities
• Contributions: CRTC , Heritage
committee, Telecommunication Policy
Review Panel( SFN, DMB), RABC,
ITU-R, Video Quality Expert Group
(VQEG), DTV-TG, DRRI, WorldDAB,
ATSC, World Broadcasting Union
(WBU), MPEG
• Publications: IEEE Transactions,
SPIE, JAES
• Conferences: WABE, CCBE, NAB,
IBC,AES, Picture Coding
Symposium, 3D TV, IEEE-BMBS,
IEEE Broadcast Symposium…
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
BROADCASTERS SHOW: 2010
Free booth at the Innovation Campus
Representative from Europe(DVB-EBU), Asia (ETRI-NHK-NERC
and Americas (ATSC-NAB-PBS-CBC-CRC-SET-TVGlobo)
Develop the technologies for the next generation TV broadcast
systems toward a world standard.
FUTURE OF BROADCASTING TELEVISION
(FOBTV) 2011
• CRC’s Predict licenced to Northwood.
• Former CRC employee, Bernard Breton moved to Northwood
• Northwood sold to Marconi, U.K.
• Marconi sold to Ericson, Sweden
• Ericson’s wireless network planning sold to CTS Holding, Paris, France
• Launch of the new company: Mentum
• Bernard Breton became COO and Head of Sales & Marketing
•Mentum acquired by InfoVista (France) in 2012
• 50-person R&D operation in Gatineau.
Long term impact of our work: An example
6
7
ViewersProduction
New Video Distribution TechniquesDistribution Place
shifting
Distribution
Rights
Cable
TV
IPTV
Broadcast
transmitters
Satellite
WI-FI
Internet
Cellular
BUT, REMEMBER WE HAD SOME
PROBLEM WITH ANALOG NTSC TV TOO!
BROADCASTING 3.0
NEXT STEP: SUPER HD VIDEO
-16 time HDTV resolution
-32 megapixels pictures
-22.2 sound channels
NEXT STEP: IMMERSIVE VIDEO
See demo at
http://immersivemedia.com/?page_id=494
Could that be transmitted to the home ?
Collective past
Railway, Broadcasting,
Satellite…
Require government
intervention ($)
Manage the spectrum
Government R&D to
initiate developments
National regulation
Following USA
Individual future
Internet, Cellular
Phone…
Required market
intervention
Sell the spectrum
Government ‘R&D’ to
monitor developments
Worldwide regulation ?
Worldwide access
PAST AND FUTURE
Prepare for Convergence
Everywhere !
WE CAME A LONG WAY:
WITH SOME HELP FROM CRC
Shut Off: The Canadian Digital TV Transition by by Gregory Taylor
BROADCAST TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN DIGITAL TELEVISION SYSTEM
by Metin Akgun, Ph.D. http://www.friendsofcrc.ca/Projects/DigitalTV/DigTV.html
High Definit ion Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology Philip J. Cianci
Defining Vision: How Broadcasters Lured the Government into Inciting a Revolution in Television by Joel Brinkley
FURTHER READING