tunnel assistant - guia rapida de referencia.doc

7/26/2019 Tunnel Assistant - Guia Rapida de Referencia.doc

1/14

Tunnel Assistant

Quick Reference Guide

Copyright 2004, Stergios TA!"S

Stergios TZAMOS

Hiou 53

152 31 Halandri, ATHENS, Greece.


2/14

Rock mass classification

Q - assistant flow chart

General data input- type of opening

- dimensions- intact rock strength

c

-maximum principal stress 1

- rock mass strength cm

- in situ stress

Equivalent Span Ratio ESR!

input- depends on purpose of opening

Estimation of intact rock

strength c

- from lo"oratory tests- from field o"servations

Estimation of in situ stress

# v $ k% h

v# & 'epth

& # unit (eight of over"urden

Rock mass properties input- Rock )uality 'esignation R)'

- 'iscontinuities *oints! *n

R)' estimation- 'irect drill core!

- Seismic method

- +olumetric *oint ,ount

*oint roughness estimation- *oint roughness num"er *

r

*oint alteration estimation- *oint alteration num"er *

a

ater flo( estimation- Ground (ater inflo( num"er *

(

Stress Reduction .actor

SR.! estimation- Strength- stress conditions

) value estimation- estimation of )/ )0/

- corellations (ith other classifications

Stress Reduction .actor

SR.! estimation- eakness 2ones

- competent rock/ rock stress pro"lems

- squee22ing confitions

- s(elling conditions

3ressure on supportestimation

- estimation of pressure acting on

support

3ressure on supportestimation- 4arton recommendations

- 4hasin/ Grimstad recomm endations

- Singh recommendations

Recommended Support

5easures- ) system support recommendations

) value estimation- estimation of ) from seismic 3-(ave

velocity

6378

ame/ 'escription #S8R

idth/ 9eight/ 'epth # .loat/ :; %/ 7niteight # .loat/:

6378

ESR # .loat/1

6378

Strength # .loat/1

6378

R)'/ *n # 6nteger

6378

*r # .loat/1

6378

*a # .loat/:

6378

*( # .loat/d?usted R5R

- corellations (ith other classifications ) system/ GS6!

Geotechnical 3arameters estimation- estimation of pressure acting on support

- estimation of rock mass deformation modulus

3ressure on support

estimation- 7nal recommendations

- Goel/ *eth(a recommendations

- Singh recommendations

'esign 3arameters- Support recommendations

- 'esign 3arameters Stand up time/ cohesion/ phi

angle/ Scm!

Estimation of rock mass

deformation modulus- 4ienia(ski recommendations

- Serafeim and 3ereira

recommendations

- 9oek and 4ro(n recommendations

6378


idth/ 9eight/ 'epth # .loat/ :

; %/ 7niteight # .loat/:

6378

Strength # .loat/1

6378

R)' # 6nteger

6378

Spacing # 6nteger

,onditions # >rray@AB

6378

ater # >rray@AB

6378

Strike/ 'ip # 6nteger

=78378

R5R 4asic/ 'ry/>d?usted #

6nteger

3


4/14

Rock mass classification

GSI - assistant flow chart

General data input- type of opening

- dimensions

-maximum principal stress 1

- in situ stress

Estimation of intact rock strength c

- from la"oratory test s - from field o"servations

Estimation of in situ stress

# v $ k% h

v # & 'epth

& # unit (eight of over"urden

GS6 estimation- GS6 value selection using ta"le

3aramaters of the 9oek and 4ro(n

,riterion- m

"/ s/ a

- k/ C/ cohesion

- Scm

/ E/ 3oisson v

3ressure on Support Estimation- estimation of pressure acting on support

- Rock - Support interaction

3ressure on support

estimation- 9oek recommendations

Geotechnical 3arameters- 9oek recommendations

Da"oratory tests- regression analysis of la"oratory data

.ield estimates- 3oint load test

- )ualitative descriptive estimate from

rock mass o"servation

,onstant miestimation

- estimation using ta"le

,onstant miestimation

- automatic from regession analysis

6378


idth/ 9eight/ 'epth # .loat/ :

; %/ 7niteight # .loat/:

6378

Strength # .loat/1

6378

mi # 6nteger

6378

GS6 # 6nteger

4


5/14

AI Assistant

Tunnel Support estimation using Artificial Intelligence

Stat >ssistant

Support estimation using

statistical equations

Expert >ssistant

Estimation of ground

conditions and required

support

Estimation of support

from equations derived

from multiple regression

analysis

.u22y >ssistant


fu22y logic

eural >ssistant


eural et(orks

6378

8unnel idth/ESR # .loat/1

Doq) # .loat/ :

6378

Ground characteristics

Estimation of ground

conditions and required

support according to

empirical

recommendations of

Singh/ 9oek/ Dunardi


from inference using

fu22y rules

6378


Doq) # .loat/ :

6378


Doq) # .loat/ :


using a neural net(ork

trained after a data"ase of

past cases

5


6/14

Design Assistant

Preliminary Tunnel Design !aluation

'ata ,ollection

Section information

Stress - Strength

Stress estimation

6ntact rock strength estimation

Gather relevant data

Rock 5ass Strength

Rock mass strength

estimation from GS6 and )

systems

Squee2e

Squee2e estimation according

to many authors

6378

8unnel idth/'epth # .loat/1

6378

Stress anisotropy/ 7nit eight of

rock mass

Estimation of Stress

around opening

Estimation of intact rock

strength

Estimation of the rockmass strength

6378

6ntact rock strength/ GS6/ ) index/

)

Estimation of amount of

squee2e according to

9oek/ 4arla/ 6SR5/ Goel/Sakurai

Sta"ility >ssesment

Estimation of insta"ility

plo"lems

Recommendations

'esign actions to minimi2e

potential pro"lems

6378

7ser0s information

Recommendations "y E

9oek

6


7/14

Design Considerations used in Tunnel Assistant

Support Weight

Support Measures "o#e $eight

o Support S %

Spot 4olting S4 1

Systematic 4olting 4 :

4olts $ Shotcrete Acm 4 S1 F

4olts $ Shotcrete 1%cm 4 S: 1%

4olts $ Shotcrete 1Acm 4 S< 1G

4olts $ Shotcrete :%cm 4 SG 1H

4olts $ Shotcrete :Acm $ Dight Steel Sets4 SA

RRS1 :G

4olts $ Shotcrete :Acm $ 9eavy Steel Sets4 SA

RRS: rches ,,>


8/14

#olts are anchored and ungrouted$ #olt length = !%3 of tunnel span, spacing = !%2 of &olt length$

Support weight according to ONOM !""#$

Coe%%icient r% o% support measures

Support ele'ent

Coefficient

(rf)

nit of

'easure'ent

#olts Selle* and e*pansion ! '

S+ 'ortar !,5 '

Self rilling 2 '

-ully grouted 2,5 '

.ortar prestressed 3 '

Wire 'esh ! layer ! '2

2 layers !,5 '2

/n floor ! '2

Steel sets 2 '

Shotcrete (theoretical 0uantity) !5 '2

efor'ation slots 4 '

-orepoling ngrouted 1," '

routed ! '

Self rilling !,5 '

-ully grouted 2 '

Spilling &olts 3 '

78 79:;?8 @AB;BD>EA F >A;


9/14

&ressure on support

Syste'

Nuthor Oressure on support

OL(POa)

Qestrictions

Q.Q! nal !RM3

WRMR

!11

!(HBTH U+)

-lat roof

2 oel, Vetha!RR!

!11121

"5,1 5,1!,1

RMR

RMRhW Steel sets

3 oel et al$

!RR5&

2,32 F1,135 Q.Q 1$11!h 1$13 (W%2) +o s0ueeXe

4

oel et al$

!RR5&

( )

2,!

!,14,1 2%M,!

!1!2

RMR

Wh

nf

fn= !,35 light s0ueeXingfn= !,! light Y 'ediu'

s0ueeXing

fn= 1," 'ediu' s0ueeXing

fn= 1$6 heaLy s0ueeXing

fn= !,! e*tre'e s0ueeXingZ5 #arton et al$

!R"433,1211 Q

Jr

+o s0ueeXe

6 #arton et al$!R"4

33,15,1

3

211 QJ

J n

r

Vn[ R+o s0ueeXe

" Singh !RR2 FQJr

33,15

211

- = ! (h Y 321) % M11 [= !

Short ter' pressure

Steel sets+o s0ueeXe

M oel et al$

!RR5&( )( ) !11113M,12%!2,1 33,1!,1!,1 wQWh +o s0ueeXe

Roel et al$!RR5& ( )

( )33,1

!,16,1

51

2%

!131%!111 wQ

Wh

nf

fn= !,35 light s0ueeXingfn= !,! light Y 'ediu'

s0ueeXingfn= 1," 'ediu' s0ueeXing

fn= 1$6 heaLy s0ueeXing

fn= !,! e*tre'e s0ueeXing

!1 #hasin \

ri'stad

!RR6

33,141 Q

J

W

r

Z ] 4

!! #arton 2112 !11 Z F1,33 or

!111 % ^d (Oa)

Vr=2

R


10/14

Correlations 'etween oc Mass Classi%ication Sstems

Nuthor _0uation Correlation

Coefficient Q2

#ieniasUi !RMR Q.Q = R logZ 44 ""`

#arton !RR5 Q.Q = !5 logZ 51Qutledge \ Oreston !R"M Q.Q = 5,R logZ 43 M!`

.oreno !RM1 Q.Q = 5,4 logZ 55,2 55`

N&ad et al$ !RM4 Q.Q = !1,5 logZ 4!,M 55`

oel et al$ !RR5& Q.Q = M logZ 31 R2`

oeU F #ron Sb = Q.QdMRY 5

Sb = Q.Qd"6

oc Mass Strength

Q.Q (#ieniasUi !RMR) J

c = 5 Q.Q (UOa) AD = 1$5 Q.Q 5

c and * %rom M+

M ,## - ., .# - /, /# - 0, 0# - ", 1 ",

Class b bb bbb b

Cohesio c (UOa) [ 411 311 F 411 211 F 311 !11 F 211 ] !11

-riction Nngle (1) [ 45 35 F 45 25 F 35 !5 F 25 ] !5

Z Syste' (#arton 2112)J

-C friction coefficientJ

==

w

a

r JJ

JFC

!tan

CC cohesion coefficientJ

==

!11

! ci

n SRFJ

RQDCCc

>7 .Oa

!1


11/14

oc Mass Strength

Nuthor QocU 'ass strength 2cm$ Qestrictions

! Singh !RR3 1," K KZ!%3

2 oel !RR4 1,55 K KZ!%3% W1,! V=! (dry), Z]!1

and >ci[2 Oa

3 #hasin, ri'stad !RR6 (>ci % !11) K 1," K KZ!%3 >ci[!11 .Oa and Z [ !1

4 oeU 2111 >ciK1,122 Ke*p1,13MKSb

5 oeU 2112 (1$1134'i1$M)>ciK!,12R 1$125 e*p

(F1$!'i),Sb

oc Mass De%ormation Modulus

Sstem

Author De%ormation Modulus 3d(4&a) estrictions

Q.Qor2Sb

! #ieniasUi, !R"M _d= 2 Q.QF!11 Q.Q [ 51,

>ci [ !11 .Oa

2 Serafi' \ Oereira,

!RM3

_d= !1(Q.QF!1)%41 Q.Q ]61

3 oeU et al$, 2112

=

41

!1

!1!112

!

GSI

ci

d

DE

>ci ] !11 .Oa

4 +icholson \#ieniasUi, !RR1

_d= _r (1,112MQ.Q2

1,Re*pQ.Q%22,M2) % !11

5 er'an, !RR3 _d= 1,3 ha!1(Q.QF21)%3M h [ 51 ',

a = 1$!6 strongrocU,

a = 1$35 eaU

rocU

6 .itri et al$, !RR4 _d= 1,5 _r (!Fcos(9 Q.Q % !11)) Q.Q [ 51Z" #arton et al$, !RM1 _d= 25 logZ Z [ !

M #arton, 2112 _d= !1 Z c!%3

R _d= !1

(!5logZF41)%41

Z ] !!1 Oal'stro', Singh,2112

_d= M Z1$4 !]Z]31

Q.i

!! Oal'stro', Singh,2112

_d= 5$6 Q.i1$3"5

_d= " Q.i1$4

Q.i [1$!!]Q.i]31

!!


12/14

S5uee6e

Singh et al ,77"

oLer&urden h -8 1 $9# :;,


13/14

e%erences

k! #arton +$Q$, jien Q$ and junde V$ (!R"4) m_ngineering classification of rocU'asses for the design of tunnel supportm, QocU .echanics, ol 6, +o 4, pp !MRF

23R$

k2 #arton, +$ ri'stad _$, !RR4$ QocU 'ass conditions dictate choice &eteen +.

and +N.$ unnells and unelling, /cto&er !RR4$

k3 #arton, +$ 2112 So'e ne ZFLalue correlations to assist in site characterisation

and tunnel design$ bnternational Vournal of QocU .echanics \ .ining Sciences$

k4 #hasin Q$, ri'stad _$ !RR6$ he use of stress Y strength relationships in the

assess'ent of tunnel sta&ility$ unnelling and nderground space echnology, ol!!, +o !, pp R3FRM, !RR6$

k5 #ieniasUi $$ (!RMR)$ _ngineering rocU 'ass classification, p25!, Wiley, +$$

k6 oel Q$q !RR4 Correlations for predicting support pressures and closures in

tunnels$ Oh hesis, niLersity of .innesota SN$

k" oel Q$q$, Vetha V$ j$, OaithanUar N$ $ !RR5 bndian _*periences ith Z and

Q.Q Syste's$ unnelling and nderground space echnology, ol !1, +o !, ppR"F !1R$ !RR5$

kM ri'stad _$, #arton +$, !RR3$ pdating of the ZFSyste' for +.$ Oroceedings

of the bnternational Sy'posiu' on Sprayed Concrete Y .odern use of etF 'i*

sprayed concrete for underground support$ -agernes, !RR3 (_ds qo'pen, /pshaland #erg$ +oregian Concrete Nssociation, /slo)

kR oeU _$ and #ron _$$ (!RM1)$ nderground e*caLations in QocU, p$52"$

jondon, b$.$.$

k!1 oeU _, qaiser Oq, #aden W- (!RR5) Support of undergrounde*caLations in hard rocU$ #alUe'a, Qotterda'

k!! oeU _, #ron _ (!RRM) Oractical esti'ates of rocU 'ass strength$ bnt V

QocU .ech .in Sci 34 J !!65Y!!M6

k!2 oeU _, (!RRR) N discussion on accepta&ility criteria for te'porary

support and final linings of large span transportation tunnels in poor rocU^9D>T?EH;D ?E7B


14/14

k!6 oeU _$, CarranXaForres C$, CorUu' #$, 2112$ oeUF#ron failure

criterion Y 2112 _dition$

k!" Oal'stor' N$ !RR5a CharacteriXing QocU .asses &y the Q.i for se in

Oractical QocU _ngineering, Oart !J he deLelop'ent of the QocU .ass bnde*(Q.i) unnelling and nderground space echnology, ol !!, +o 2, pp !"5F!MM

!RR6$

k!M Oal'stor' N$ !RR6& CharacteriXing QocU .asses &y the Q.i for se in

Oractical QocU _ngineering, Oart 2J So'e practical applications of the QocU .assbnde* (Q.i) unnelling and nderground space echnology, ol !!, +o 3, pp

2M"F313 !RR6$

k!R Oal'stor' N$, Singh Q$ 211! he defor'ation 'odulus of rocU 'asses Y

co'parisons &eteen in situ tests and indirect esti'ates$ unnelling andnderground space echnology, ol !6, (211!) pp !!5 F !3!$

k21 Singh #$, Vetha V$j$, u&e N$q$, Singh #$ !RR2 Correlation &eteen

o&serLed support pressure and rocU 'ass 0uality$ unnelling and nderground

space echnology, ol ", +o ! (!RR2) pp 5R F "4$

k2! Singh #$, iladUar ., Sa'adhiya +$, .ehrota $ !RR" QocU 'ass

para'eters 'o&ilised in tunnels$ unnelling and nderground space echnology,

ol !2, +o ! (!RR") pp 4" F 54$

k22 Singh #$, oel Q$q$, Vetha V$j$, u&e N$q$ !RR" Support pressureassess'ent in arched underground openings through poor rocU 'asses$

_ngineering eology 4M (!RR") pp$ 5R Y M!$

k23 er'an ., Singh Q, Vetha V$j$, iladUar .$+$ !RR" _sti'ation of

'o&ilised cohesion around underground openings$ bnternational Vournal of QocU

.echanics \ .ining Sciences ol$ 3", +o$ 5, pp$ M5! Y M5M$ !RR"$

!4

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