tunisia 2012 state of the water report -...

Tunisia 2012 State of the Water Report

Donor: African Water Facility/African Development BankGrant Recipient: CEDAREAWF Grant Agreement No.: 5600155002351Project ID No.: P-Z1-EAZ-027Document Name: Tunisia 2012 State of the Water ReportDocument Type: National ReportVersion: English, Final Version (V2)Countries: TunisiaRegion: North Africa Main Author: Mekki Hamza, Ph.D., Tunisia National Project Management Unit (NPMU)Contributors: Moncef Rekaya, Habib Chaieb, Lotfi Nacef, National Task Force, Tunisia NPMUSupervision & Review: Khaled AbuZeid, Ph.D., P.E.; Mohamed Elrawady, M.Sc., CEDAREDesign & Layout: Eng. Tamer El-HakimDocument Date: November, 2014

For reference purposes, this publication should be referred to as:Tunisia MAWRF, CEDARE, Hamza, M. (2014), “Tunisia 2012 State of the Water Report”, Monitoring & Evaluation for Water In North Africa (MEWINA) Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources & Fisheries (MAWRF) - Tunisia, Water Resources Management Program - CEDARE.

National Task Force

Abderrahman Ouasli Office of Planning and Hydraulic Equilibriums (BPEH)/ Agriculture

Samy Sellami National Water Distribution Utility (SONEDE)/ Agriculture

Fahmi Ben Abdeljaoued Directorate of Urban Hydraulic (DHU)/ Processing

Habib Omrane National Sanitation Utility (ONAS)/ Environment

Jamel Chellouf Directorate of Milieu Hygiene and Environmental Protection (DHMPE)/Health

Karim Salah National Institute of Statistics (INS)/ Development

Mohamed Nouira General Authority of the State Budget Disposal (CGABE)/ Financial

Hatem Baccour National Institute of Meteorology (INM)/ Transportation

Abdelghani Darghouthi Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas (STEG)/ Industry and Energy

Hichem Khelfa General Directorate of Foreign Trade (DGCE)/ Trade and Handicrafts

Henda Mnacer Ben Hassine General Directorate of Water Resources (DGRE)/ Agriculture

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2. National, Continental, and Global Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.1. Tunisia National Water Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.2. African Water & Sanitation Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.3. Global Water Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4. Summary of National, Pan African and Global Indicators Monitored and Evaluated in Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

3. National State of the Water (SOW) Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

3.1. National & Country Specific SOW Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

3.2. Shared Aquifer SOW Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4. Indicators Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

4.1. The National SOW Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

4.2. The North Western Sahara Aquifer SOW Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

5. Analysis & Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

5.1. Analysis of the National State of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

5.2. Inventory of Available Historical Data for Each Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

6. Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

List of Tables

Table 1. Summary table of water program (Budget Management by Objective BMO), with its objectives, indicators and targets for 2016 ... 15

Table 2. Target indicators, value, state, and possible reasons for deterioration or improvement ...................................................................................... 16

Table 3. African Water and Sanitation M&E, & Reporting: indicator, target, value, state and possible reasons for deterioration or improvement ..... 17

Table 4. Millennium Development Goals: indicator, target, value, state and possible reasons for deterioration or improvement ............................... 20

Table 5. Summary of national, pan African and global indicators monitored and evaluated in Tunisia ........................................................................ 20

Table 6. A set of National SOW indicators for Tunisia: Definition, Methodology, Institution and Source of data ........................................ 25

Table 7. A new selected set of National SOW indicators for Tunisia ................... 46

Table 8. A selected set of NWSAS SOW indicators .............................................. 51

Table 9. National SOW data sheet indicating the values assigned to each indicator, unit, measurement year, and source ...................................... 56

Table 10. External surface water inflow and External Surface Water outflow in Tunisia ............................................................................................... 68

Table 11. Water Quality parameters (2012 data) .................................................... 75

Table 12. Bacteriological analysis, historical data (1995-2012) .............................. 76

Table 13. State of 2013 RAMSAR sites ................................................................... 76

Table 14. Virtual-water net flow: importation/exportation 2012 .......................... 80

Table 15. Commercial & Physical Water Losses on SONEDE networks (2012) . 82

Table 16. North Western Sahara Aquifer System data sheet indicating the values assigned to each indicator, unit, measurement year, and source 84

Table 17. Analysis of the National SOW (Additional specific indicators and Historical Data)...................................................................................... 87

Table 18. Inventory of available historical data, annual average, and 2012 values ..................................................................................................... 89

Table 19. Successive estimations of Tunisia Water Resources (1968-2005) in MCM/Year ............................................................................................. 99

Table 20: Withdrawals from dams ........................................................................ 101

Table 21. Withdrawals from shallow aquifers ....................................................... 102

Table 22. Withdrawals from deep aquifers included NRGW ............................... 103

Table 23. Withdrawals from desalinated water (SONEDE) ................................. 103

Table 23a. Green Water Consumption for Livestock Fodder Water Use (2002-2013) ....................................................................................................... 104

Table 24. Irrigated Areas (1000 ha) ....................................................................... 104

Table 25. Total Forest & Pasture Lands (ha) ........................................................ 105

Table 25a. Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity, Historical Data (2008-2012) ................................................................... 109

Table 26. Installed Hydropower Capacity .............................................................111

Table 27. Population Growth (1921-2014) .............................................................. 113

Table 28. Water Quality Historical Data Wadi El Bey (2004-2012) ...................... 114

Table 29. Historical Data on Water & Health Indicators (2000-2013) ................. 115

Table 30. Number and Areas of Wetlands Sites, Historical Data (1981-2013) ..... 116

Table 31. Water & Governance indicators (2008-2013) ......................................... 124

List of Figures

Figure 1. Tunisia Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 2. Tunisia Water Resources Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 3. Virtual-water net flow: importation/exportation 2012 (Graph) . . . . . . 81

Figure 4. Annual Average Precipitation, Historical Data (1983-2013) . . . . . . . . . 98

Figure 5. Successive estimations of Tunisia Water Resources (1968-2005) in MCM/Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Figure 6. Hydrographic basins map (Distribution of surface water flows by watershed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Figure 7. Evolution of Surface Water flows, Historical Data (1960-2005) . . . . . 100

Figure 8. Withdrawals from dams 2008-2013 (Graph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Figure 9. Shallow Aquifers Withdrawals, Historical Data (1980-2010) . . . . . . . 102

Figure 10. Deep Aquifers Withdrawals, Historical Data (2001-2011) . . . . . . . . 103

Figure 11. Desalinated Water Withdrawals, Historical Data 2007-2012 (SONEDE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Figure 12. Irrigated Area, Historical Data (1970-2011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Figure 13. Total Forest and Pasture land, Historical Data (1995-2012) . . . . . . . 105

Figure 14. Water Supply Coverage indicators, Historical Data (1984-2012) . . . 106

Figure 15. Urban Sanitation Coverage, Historical Data (1994-2012) . . . . . . . . . 107

Figure 16. Water Supply Network Length, Historical Data (1983-2012) SONEDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Figure 17. Water Supply Network Length, Historical Data (1965-2012) DGGREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Figure 18. Length of ONAS Sewage pipe Networks, Historical Data (1975-2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Figure 19. Electricity Generated Using Hydropower, Historical Data (2000-2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Figure 20. Installed Hydropower Capacity, Historical Data (1956-2013) . . . . . 112

Figure 21. Population Growth, Historical Data (1921-2014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Figure 22. Historical Data on Water & Health Indicators (2000-2013) . . . . . . . 116

Photos

Photo 1. Turbining (Beni Metir Dam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

Photo 2. Hydro electricity Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Photo 3. Overflow of wadi Medjerda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Photo 4. Flooded Mabtouh Plain downstream of wadi Medjerda . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Photo 5. Flood Event in September 2009 in Redeyef –Gafsa (Destruction of the CPG railway in Redeyef) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Photo 6. Flood Event in September 2009 in Redeyef –Gafsa (Destruction of the irrigation pipe of Tabedit-Richet Naam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Photo 7. Flood Event in September 2009 in Redeyef –Gafsa (Destruction of works of water and soil conservation in Tarfaoui river) . . . . . . . . .121

Figure 23. Number and Areas of Wetlands Sites, Historical Data (1981-2013) . 117

Figure 24. Ramsar Wetlands map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Figure 25. Chronology of Droughts-Floods in Tunisia, Historical Data (861-2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Figure 26. Water & Governance indicators 2008-2013 (Graph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

AfDB: African Development Bank

AMCOW: African Ministers’ Council On Water

ANGED: Agence Nationale de Gestion des Déchets

ANPE: Agence Nationale de Protection de l’Environnement

AUE: Association d’Usagers de l’Eau

AWC: Arab Water Council

BAD: Banque Africaine de Développement

BCM: Billion Cubic Meters

BIRD: Banque Internationale de Reconstruction et de Développement

BIRH: Bureau de l’Inventaire et des Recherches Hydrauliques

BPEH: Bureau de Planification et des Equilibres Hydrauliques

CEDARE: Center for Environment & Development for the Arab Region & Europe

CGABE: Comité Général de l’Administration du Budget de l’Etat

CITET: Centre International des Technologies de l’Environnement

CM: Cubic Meters

COPEAU: Contrôle de la Pollution des Eaux

CRDA: Commissariat Régional au Développement Agricole

DGACTA: Direction Générale d’Aménagement et de Conservation des Terres Agricoles

DGBGTH: Direction Générale des Barrages et des Grands Travaux Hydrauliques

DGCE: Direction Générale du Commerce Extérieur

DGDD: Direction Générale du Développement Durable

DGEDA: Direction Générale des Etudes et du Développement Agricole

DGEQV: Direction Générale de l’Environnement et de la Qualité de la Vie

DGGREE: Direction Générale du Génie Rural et de l’Exploitation des Eaux

DGRE: Direction Générale des Ressources en Eau

DHMPE: Direction de l’Hygiène du Milieu et de la Protection de l’Environnement

DHU: Direction de l’Hydraulique Urbaine

EMWIS: Euro-Mediterranean Water Information System

EUT: Eaux Usées Traitées

FAE: Facilité Africaine de l’Eau

FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

GDA: Groupement de Développement Agricole

GIS: Geographic Information System

GR: Génie rural

GWh: Gigawatts/hour

GWP: Global Water Partnership

INM: Institut National de la Météorologie

INRGREF: Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts

INS: Institut National de la Statistique

IWRM: Integrated Water Resources Management

JMP: Joint Monitoring Program for water supply and sanitation, dirigé par OMS/UNICEF

MCM: Million Cubic Meters

M&E: Monitoring and Evaluation

M&E&R: Monitoring , Evaluation and Reporting

MARH: Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques

MDGs: Millennium Development Goals

MEWINA: Monitoring & Evaluation for Water In North Africa

Mm3/Year: Million cubic meters per year

MW: Megawatt

NA: Not Available

N-AMCOW: Northern Region of the African Ministerial Council on Water

NT: Norme Tunisienne

NWSAS: North Western Sahara Aquifer System

OMD: Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement

OMS: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé

ONAS: Office National de l’Assainissement

ONG: Organisation non gouvernementale

OSS: Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel

OTEDD: Observatoire Tunisien de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable

OTH: Office du Thermalisme et d’Hydrothérapie

PIB: Produit Intérieur Brut

PISEAU: Projet d’Investissement dans le Secteur de l’Eau

PNEE: Programme National d’Economie d’Eau

PNUD: Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement

RAR: Rapid Assessment Report

RWSS: Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

SAEP: Système d’Alimentation en Eau Potable

SASS: Système Aquifère du Sahara Septentrional

SECADENORD: Société d’Exploitation du Canal et des Adductions des Eaux du Nord.

SEMIDE: Système Euro-méditerranéen d’Information de l’Eau

SINEAU: Système d’information National sur l’Eau

SISOLS: Système d’Information sur les Sols

SONEDE: Société Nationale d’Exploitation et de Distribution des Eaux

SOW: State Of the Water

STEG: Société Tunisienne d’Electricité et du gaz

SYCOHTRAC: Système de Collecte des Mesures Hydrologiques en Temps Réels et Annonce des Crues

SYGREAU: Système de Gestion des Ressources en Eau

TDN: Tunisian Dinar

UNESCO: United Nations Education, Science and Culture Organization

UWSS: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation

WSS: Water Supply and Sanitation

WWTP: Waste Water Treatment Plant

12 Tunisia 2012 State of the Water Report

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1. IntroductionThis report is conducted in the framework of MEWINA project in execution of the component relating to the standardization and harmonization of national systems with those of N-AMCOW and the development of a sustainable mechanism for monitoring, evaluation and reporting.

After the development of a minimum set of indicators, standards and criteria; of a framework and operational guidelines of the state of the national water monitoring and evaluation, and after the compilation of existing data and information on the monitoring and evaluation of the water sector and sanitation; it is important to continue the process and prepare the National Baseline Report State of the water for the country. This methodological guideline will not only monitor progress and performances achieved in the country to meet the objectives of national, regional and global targets in the water and sanitation sector, but also will prepare Baseline State of the Water Report in the N- AMCOW region.

Although efforts have been made in the country for the reporting of monitoring and evaluation of water sector, this National Baseline State of the Water Report proposes to bring together existing indicators, process, and integrate the most useful and the most relevant of them with the SOW indicators harmonized regionally by the MEWINA project, to stop a new set of indicators to be regularly monitored and evaluated in the country in harmony with the SOW indicators in N-AMCOW region.

The first part focused on nationally set water related targets in Tunisia, as well as continental and global targets that have been adopted. The current standings towards achieving all targets were mentioned. In addition, values were assigned for the target indicators presented.

The second part presents the full list of indicators used in the report and all indicators belong to one of the agreed indicator categories, during the MEWINA Water M&E Rapid Assessment Regional Validation Workshop held in Cairo on October 27th-29th 2013. Definitions, methodologies of calculation and reporting, institutions in charge of measuring and/or estimating indicator, and source of data were outlined in this section as well.

The following section consists of a data sheet indicating the values assigned to each indicator, for the year 2012, along with the units of measurement, the measurement year, the source, and any remarks.

Then, an overall analysis of the national state of the water is provided and an inventory of available historical data for some indicators and observed trends is given.

Finally the last part recommends policy reforms to enhance the state of the water Reporting process in general.

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Introduction


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Figure 1. Tunisia Location Map


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Figure 2. Tunisia Water Resources Map

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National, Continental, and G

lobal Targets


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2. National, Continental, and Global Targets2.1. Tunisia National Water Targets

Table 1. Summary table of water program (Budget Management by Objective BMO), with its objectives, indicators and targets for 2016

Objective Indicator Target Definition Methodology of Calculation

Mobilization of water resources

1-Storage capacity of large dams

1-Achieve a capacity of 2438 Mm3/year in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start volume: 2077 Mm3)

Total storage volume of fresh water natural lakes and reservoirs created by large dams

Technical design data drawings for manmade reservoirs; hydrographic surveys and bathymetric maps in case of natural lakes

2-Capacity North Water Transfer

2- Achieve transferred volumes of 800 Mm3/year in 2016 (Start date:2010, Start volume: 700 Mm3)

Total transfer capacity of North water network

Technical design data drawings for pumping stations, manmade reservoirs; hydrographic surveys and networks.

3- Mobilization of Surface Water

3- Achieve mobilized volumes of 2355 Mm3/year in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start volume:2144 Mm3)

Total annual volumes mobilized by all dams relative to the potential of surface water that can be technically mobilized

Total annual volumes mobilized by all dams / Potential of surface water that can be technically mobilized that is 2,5 billions m3 /year

4- Exploitation of groundwater

4- Achieve exploited volumes of 2262 Mm3/year in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start volume:2121 Mm3)

Total annual volumes abstracted from groundwater sources and wells including non renewable resources per year

Total annual volumes abstracted from groundwater sources and wells including non renewable resources per year. Field surveys or estimation using well licenses and irrigation permissions.

Saving water and reducing losses

5-Equipment of irrigable areas by water saving equipment

5- Achieve an equipment rate of 93 % in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start rate: 86 %)

Total area equipped with sprinklers, drip irrigation, localized irrigation concreted seguias/ Total irrigable area.

Total area equipped with sprinklers, drip irrigation, localized irrigation concreted seguias (ha)/ Total irrigable area (ha).

6- Coverage of operating and maintenance costs of irrigation systems and rural drinking water supply

6- Achieve a coverage rate of 90 % for rural drinking water supply and 83% for irrigation systems in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start rate: 83 % for DWS)

(Start date: 2010, Start rate: 60 % for IS)

0perating and maintenance costs paid by users/Actual operating and maintenance costs

0perating and maintenance costs paid by users/Actual operating and maintenance costs for rural drinking water supply (TDN)

0perating and maintenance costs paid by users/Actual operating and maintenance costs for irrigation systems (TDN)


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7- Renovation of networks, rehabilitation and development of irrigation

7- Development and operation input of 11 000 ha obsolete irrigated area in 2016

(Start date: 2013, Start OIA: 4000 ha)

Modernization of irrigation networks, and rehabilitation & development of irrigated land

Surface of obsolete irrigated area, modernized, rehabilitated and back in operation (ha)

8- Improving the efficiency of irrigation systems on farms

8- Achieve efficiency rate of 78% in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start rate: 76 % )

Amounts of water distributed in head parcel of the farm, less losses in the farm network in comparison to total amounts of water distributed in head parcel.

(Amounts of water distributed in head parcel - losses in the farm network)/ Total amounts of water distributed in head parcel of the farm.

Rural water supply 9- Drinking water supply in rural areas

9- Achieve coverage rate of 98% in 2016

(Start date: 2010, Start rate: 93,5% )

Percentage of population provided with piped or improved drinking- water source in rural areas

Population provided with piped or improved drinking- water source in rural areas / Total population in rural areas.

Preservation and sustainable water resources management

10- Annual rate of aquifers artificial recharge

10- Achieve an injection volume of 27,2 Mm3 per year in 2016

(Start date: 2012, Start rate: 16,8 % )

Volume of injected water actually reaching the saturated zone/Total volume of water from different sources, injected into overexploited aquifers, accusing a piezometric decline.

Volume of injected water actually reaching the saturated zone/Total volume of water injected into overexploited aquifers.

11- Quantities of treated wastewater reused in agricultural irrigation

11- Achieve a volume of 22 Mm3/year 2016 (Start date: 2010, Start volume:16 Mm3)

Quantity of treated wastewater from WWTP that is reused in a given year in agricultural irrigation


The table above presents the state of water target indicators program of the Ministry of Agriculture (in charge of water) with the objectives, targets, definitions and methods of calculation. This program includes 11 target indicators, among which 9 indicators have been incorporated and retained in the New National SOW set of indicators. The remaining target indicators are not relevant and scalable and have not been selected with the SOW indicators. The retained target indicators are presented in the following table:

Table 2. Target indicators, value, state, and possible reasons for deterioration or improvement

Indicator Category Indicator TargetValue for target

indicator State of the indicator

Possible reasons for deterioration or improvement2010 2011 2012

Water & Availability

(Blue Water)

3-Mobilization of Surface Water

Achieve mobilized volumes of 2355 Mm3/year in 2016

2144 2144 2188 Improvement Achievement of new dams


(Non Conventional Water)

11-Treated wastewater reused in agricultural irrigation

Achieve a volume of 22 Mm3/year 2016

16 17 17 Stable Farmers unwillingness

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Water & Consumption

4-Withdrawals from Blue Groundwater

Achieve exploited volumes of 2262 Mm3/year in 2016

2121 2147 2172 Slight improvement

-New permits

-New shallow and deep wells

8-Improving the efficiency of irrigation systems on farms

Achieve efficiency rate of 78% in 2016

76 76 77 Slight improvement

-


Achieve an equipment rate of 93 % in 2016

86 86 88 Slight increase -

Water & Finance 6- Coverage of operating and maintenance costs of irrigation systems and rural drinking water supply

Achieve a coverage rate of 90 % for rural drinking water supply in 2016

83 83 66 Deterioration Revolution

Achieve a coverage rate of 83% for irrigation systems in 2016

60 60 64 Slight increase -

Water & services

(Water Coverage and Accessibility)

9-Rural Water Supply Coverage

Achieve a coverage rate of 98% in 2016

93.5 95.4 96.2 Improvement Achievement of new rural drinking water supply sys-tems (RDWSS)

Water & services

(Water Infrastructure)

1-Dams capacity Achieve a capacity of 2438 Mm3/year in 2016

2077 2077 2152 Improvement Achievement of new dams

2-Transfer Capacity of Water resources (Northern waters)

Achieve transferred volumes of 800 Mm3/year in 2016

700 700 700 Stable -

2.2. African Water & Sanitation Targets

African Ministers’ council on water (AMCOW): the pan African Water and Sanitation Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Format: (7 themes, 25 Performance Categories, and about 15 Indicators for preparing the 2013 report to African Union Assembly on implementing Water and Sanitation Goals in Africa).

Table 3. African Water and Sanitation M&E, & Reporting: indicator, target, value, state and possible reasons for deterioration or improvement

ThemesPerformance Category

IndicatorPerformance Target

Value for target indicator (2013)

State of the indicator

Possible reasons for deterioration or improvement

1.Water Infrastructure for Economic Growth

1. Water for Energy

Hydropower utilization

Increase by 10% between 2000 and 2015

Rate of increase : %0 in 2013

Stable

Target will not be achieved in 2015

The economically feasible hydropower potential and the installed hydroelectric capacity have not changed since several years.


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2. Water for Agriculture

Water productivity Increase WP by 30% from 2000 to 2015

Rate of increase: +71.3% in 2013

Improvement

Target will be achieved in 2015

-Improving water management and mastering modern techniques of irrigation and water saving.

Rain fed Agriculture & Irrigation

Increase IA by 50% from 2000 to 2015

+59.1 % in 2013 Target will be achieved in 2015

-Improving water management and mastering modern techniques of irrigation and water saving.

3. Water for Multiple Uses

Water Demand Satisfaction Index

Increase by 10% from 2000 to 2015

+18.2 % in 2013 Fluctuation from year to year

Target is met but is highly controlled by the fluctuation in green water

2.Management and Protection of Water Resources

4. Transboundary basins and Water Resources Management

Existence of a Management Plan for Effective Water or IWRM Plan

Existence of a Management Plan for Effective Water or IWRM Plan by 2015

There is no stated plan for IWRM, however the main institutions in charge of water work separately for the promotion of IWRM.

Slight improvement

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7. Rainwater Share of rainwater use in total municipal water consumption

Increase up to 10% by 2015

+1.6 % in 2013 Weak or absent performance

Institutional gap

3.Achieving the Water and Sanitation MDGs

8. Urban Water Supply

% of people without access

Reduce by 50% from 1990 to 2015

Reduce by 100 % in 2013

Improvement Target achieved

-

9. Urban Sanitation



Reduce by 83.3 % in 2013

Improvement Target will be achieved in 2015

-

10. Rural Water Supply




Improvement Target will be achieved in 2015

-

11. Rural Sanitation and Hygiene



Reduce by 71.9% in 2013

Improvement Institutional gap

4.Global Changes and Risks Management

12. Adaptation to Climate Change

Existence Climate Change Adaptation Strategy

Develop and implement , at least 1 CC Adaptation Strategy per country by 2015

1 CC Adaptation Strategy in 2013

Improvement Strategy adopted

13. Water- related Hazards

Existence of Early warning System for disaster prevention

Establish at least 1 EW System at national level by 2015

Under preparation

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5. Governance and Management

14. Institutional arrangements

Reform response to good governance principles

Updated Reform available and implemented by 2015

Specific actions taken so far

Improvement -Restructuring of BPHE, Revision of the Water Code, Establishment of the National Water Council, etc.

17. Right to water

Reform response to criteria for human right to water and sanitation

Updated Reform available and implemented by 2015

Updated Reform available in 2014

Improvement Water Rights in the new constitution (Article 44) (2014)

6. Financing 19. Financing water and Sanitation

% of GDP to hygiene and sanitation (resp.% of national budget to watsan)

Allocate at least 0.5 % of GDP to hygiene and sanitation (resp. 5% of national budget for watsan)

Allocate 0.13 % of GDP to hygiene and sanitation in 2013 (resp.1.8 % of national budget for watsan)

Weak or absent performance

Need to bring the percentage to 0.5 % of GDP on hygiene and sanitation and to 5 % the percentage of national budget for water and sanitation

7. Education 23. Information Existence of M&E Systems in line with the pan African M&E System

- - Not yet -

(Full template show in annex)

Source: AMCOW pan African Water and Sanitation Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Format: Tunisia Background Information Sheet, Tunisia Water and Sanitation Performances Evaluation Sheet. N-MEWINA project. Mekki HAMZA. June 2014.

Among these 7 themes, 15 Performance Categories, and 16 target indicators enable monitoring and evaluation of performances to achieve the 2015 targets. Most of these target indicators were included in the New National SOW set of indicators for Tunisia.

2.3. Global Water Targets

Achievement of MDGs:

Goal 7: Ensure Sustainable Development

TARGET 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and to basic sanitation services

Monitoring Indicators of Achieved Progress:

Indicator 1: Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source

Indicator 2: Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities


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Table 4. Millennium Development Goals: indicator, target, value, state and possible reasons for deterioration or improvement

Themes Performance Category

Indicator Performance Target Value for target indicator

State of the indicator

Possible reasons for deterioration or improvement

Achieving the Water and Sanitation MDGs

8. Urban Water Supply



Reduce by 100 % in 2013


-

9. Urban Sanitation % of people without access




-

10. Rural Water Supply





-




Reduce by 71.9% in 2013


Institutional gap

These target indicators are monitored and evaluated to measure simultaneously the achieved progress to reach both continental and global targets.

2.4. Summary of National, Pan African and Global Indicators Monitored and Evaluated in Tunisia

Table 5. Summary of national, pan African and global indicators monitored and evaluated in TunisiaIndicator Category /Performance Category

Indicator Definition/ Explanation Type of target


(Blue Water)

1-Mobilization of Surface Water

Total annual volumes mobilized by all dams relative to the potential of surface water that can be technically mobilized

National Water Targets

(9 indicators)


(Non Conventional Water)

2-Treated wastewater reused in agricultural irrigation


Water & Consumption 3-Withdrawals from Blue Groundwater

Total annual volumes abstracted from groundwater sources and wells including non renewable resources per year

4-Improving the efficiency of irrigation systems on farms

Amounts of water distributed in head parcel of the farm, less losses in the farm network in comparison to total amounts of water distributed in head parcel.


Total area equipped with sprinklers, drip irrigation, localized irrigation concreted seguias/ Total irrigable area.

Water & Finance 6- Coverage of operating and maintenance costs of irrigation systems and rural drinking water supply

0perating and maintenance costs paid by users/Actual operating and maintenance costs

Water & services

(Water Coverage and Accessibility)

7-Rural Water Supply Coverage

Percentage of population provided with piped or improved drinking- water source in rural areas

21


lobal Targets


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Water & services

(Water and Infrastructure)

8-Dams capacity Total storage volume of fresh water natural lakes and reservoirs created by large dams

9-Transfer Capacity of Water resources (Northern waters)

Total transfer capacity of North water network

1. Water for Energy 1-Hydropower utilization

-Rate of increase in hydropower utilisation Index (RiHpuI).

The hydropower utilisation Index (HpuI) is the fraction of economically feasible hydropower potential that can be genererated by the installed

Hydropower Plants. The Index can be improved when the country increases the capacity or the number of its hydropower plants. For a

given year, the Rate of increase in hydropower utilisation Index is the change (in %) in its value of the year 2000.

African Water & Sanitation Targets

(16 indicators)

2. Water for Agriculture 2-Water productivity

- Rate of increase in Water productivity

(RiWp).

The Water productivity (Wp) measures the contribution of water to the economy (i.e. the US $ produced per a cubic meter of water used in crop production). The rate of increase in water productivity (RiWP) is the change (in %) in its value of the year 2000.

3--Rain fed Agriculture & Irrigation

-Rate of increase of irrigat-ed areas (RiIA).

The Irrigated areas (IA) is the total area equiped for irrigation. The rate of increase of irrigated areas (RiIA) is the change (%) in its value in 2000.

3. Water for Multiple Uses

4-Water Demand Satisfaction Index

-Rate of increase of Water Demand Satisfaction Index (RiWDSI)

The Water Demand Satisfaction Index (WDSI) is the level at which the total country water demand is satisfied. For a given year, the Rate of increase the Water Demand Satisfaction Index (RiWDSI) is (in %) the incremental value of the WDSI from its 2000 value. This incremental value reflects country efforts to mobilize conventional and nonconventional water resources to satisfy demand in all sectors.

4. Transboundary basins and Water Resources Management

5-Existence of a Manage-ment Plan for Effective Wa-ter or IWRM Plan

- Water efficiency Plan

A national strategy that identifies the priority steps that must be taken to reform the water management system to meet IWRM principles. It may suggest changes to national policy, the legislative framework, financing structure, organizational framework, and a range of management tools. It should set out a sequence of actions over a specific time frame to transform existing practices to more sustainable ones (GWP definition). This strategy might also be called IWRM Plan or any other name, and must provide clear overview of : (i) the Policy and legal environment, (ii) the institutional arrangements, (iii) the financing structure, and (iv) the Management tools , of the national water resources management.


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7. Rainwater 6-Share of rainwater use in total municipal water con-sumption

- Percentage of rainwater use in total municipal water consumption (pRu).

Roof-collected rainwater can be used for a range of purposes to complement the municipal water supplies. The uses include personal washing, toilet flushing, laundry, use, surface and equipment washing,

topping up spas and pools, garden irrigation, cooling and heating, and

many industrial processes. It is not recommended that rainwater is used for drinking or food preparation in areas where a reticulated drinking water supply is provided, as the quality of rainwater is not as reliable as urban drinking water supplies.

The total amount of rainwater used in the country by businesses, community groups, sporting clubs and residential developments, to supplement their water supply, constitutes with the total municipal

water supply and other uses, the total municipal water consumption by the country.

8. Urban Water Supply 7-% of people without access

- Rate of Water Inacessibilty reduction (IRwat)

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the urban population without improved drinking water source.

9. Urban Sanitation 8-% of people without access

- Rate of Sanitation and Hygiene Inacessibilty reduc-tion (IRsan)

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the urban population without improved sanitation facility.

10. Rural Water Supply 9-% of people without access

-Rate of Water Inacessibilty reduction (IRwat)

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the rural population without improved drinking water source.


10-% of people without access

- Rate of Sanitation and Hygiene Inacessibilty reduc-tion (IRsan)

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the rural population without improved sanitation facility.

12. Adaptation to Cli-mate Change

11-Existence Climate Change Adaptation Strategy

- Climate Change Adapta-tion Strategy.

The Strategy is an official policy document developed by the country for climate change resilience.

13. Water- related Ha-zards

12-Existence of Early warn-ing System for disaster prevention

- Early warning system for disaster prevention at national level.

The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. Warning systems need to span all steps from hazard detection through to community response. (Definition of the United Nations International strategy for disaster reduction, UNISDR)

23


lobal Targets


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14. Institutional arrange-ments

13-Reform response to good governance principles

- Water sector policy that reflects good governance principles.

The range of political, social, economic, and administrative systems that are in place to regulate the development and management of water resources and provision of water services at different levels of society (Definition of UNESCO/UNDESA)

17. Right to water 14-Reform response to criteria for human right to water and sanitation

Need to improve water sector policy & reform that promotes human rights to water and sanitation

19. Financing water and Sanitation

15-% of GDP to hygiene and sanitation (resp.% of na-tional budget to watsan)

-

- Percentage of GDP to Sanitation and Hygiene (gdpSH).

Share of the national GDP allocated to sanitation and hygiene.

- Percentage of national Budget to Water and Sani-tation (BdgWS).

Share of the national Budget allocated to Water and Sanitation.

23. Information 16-Existence of M&E Sys-tems in line with the pan African M&E System

- Enhanced Water and San-itation M&E System in line with the pan African M&E.

The on-going pan African M&E process that aims at establishing data management system (DMS) at AMCOW/AUC to track progress on the implementation of the Sharm El-Sheikh Commitments on Water and Sanitation, requires alignement of existing data management systems at country level, as well as RLBOs and RECs levels. Under this framework countries’ water and sanitation M&E systems will be

enhanced to be aligned with DMS at sub-regional and continental levels.

8. Urban Water Supply 1-% of people without access

- Rate of Water Inacessibilty reduction

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the urban population without improved drinking water source.

Global Water Targets

(4 indicators)

9. Urban Sanitation 2-% of people without access

- Rate of Sanitation and Hygiene Inacessibilty re-duction

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the urban population without improved sanitation facility.

10. Rural Water Supply 3-% of people without access

- Rate of Water Inacessibilty reduction

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the rural population without improved drinking water source.


4-% of people without access

- Rate of Sanitation and Hygiene Inacessibilty re-duction

It is the rate by which the country has reduced, so far (from 1990 to date), the proportion of the rural population without improved sanitation facility.

TOTAL 29 indicators -

4 indicators relating to Water Supply and Sanitation being counted twice, the selected indicators become


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then 25 indicators.

All these indicators of national interest will be found in the list of SOW indicators harmonized regionally by the MEWINA project and/or in the additional specific indicators list of the country.

25

National State of the W

ater (SOW

) Indicators


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3. N

atio

nal S

tate

of

the

Wat

er (S

OW

) Ind

icat

ors

Thi

s se

ctio

n pr

esen

ts th

e fu

ll lis

t of

indi

cato

rs u

sed

in th

e re

port

with

thei

r de

finiti

on, t

he m

etho

dolo

gy a

nd th

e in

stitu

tions

in c

harg

e of

m

easu

ring

and/

or e

stim

atin

g th

e in

dica

tor.

3.1.

Nat

iona

l & C

ount

ry S

peci

fic S

OW

Ind

icat

ors

Tabl

e 6.

A s

et o

f Nati

onal

SO

W in

dica

tors

for

Tuni

sia:

Defi

nitio

n, M

etho

dolo

gy, I

nstit

ution

and

Sou

rce

of d

ata

Indi

cato

r Ca

tego

ry

In

dica

tor

Defi

niti

onM

etho

dolo

gy to

mea

sure

, esti

mat

e, a

nd re

port

va

lue

Insti

tuti

on in

cha

rge

Sour

ce o

f dat

a

4.1.

1 W

ater

&

Avai

labi

lity

i-Ann

ual A

vera

ge

Prec

ipita

tion

Dep

thAv

erag

e pr

ecip

itatio

n is

the

long

-ter

m

aver

age

in d

epth

(ove

r sp

ace

and

time)

of a

nnua

l pre

cipi

tatio

n in

the

coun

try

(mm

)Th

iess

ens

Poly

gon

met

hod:

DG

RE, I

NM

DG

RE, I

NM

ii-A

nnua

l Ave

rage

Pr

ecip

itatio

n Vo

lum

eTh

e lo

ng te

rm a

vera

ge in

vol

ume

(ove

r sp

ace

and

time)

of a

nnua

l pr

ecip

itatio

n, it

is th

e pr

oduc

t of t

he

annu

al A

vera

ge P

reci

pita

tion

Dep

th

and

the

Effec

tive

Rain

fall

area

Ann

ual A

vera

ge P

reci

pita

tion

Volu

me

(dep

th*

actu

al ra

infa

ll ar

ea) (

BCM

): it

is th

e pr

oduc

t of t

he A

nnua

l Ave

rage

Pr

ecip

itatio

n D

epth

and

the

Effec

tive

Rain

fall

area

(N

ot n

eces

sari

ly th

e ar

ea o

f the

cou

ntri

es)

DG

RED

GRE

i)Blu

e W

ater

a)-In

tern

al R

enew

able

Su

rfac

e W

ater

(IRS

W)

IRSW

: is

the

amou

nt o

f pre

cipi

tatio

n th

at is

nei

ther

ben

efici

ally

abs

trac

ted

from

the

atm

osph

ere,

nor

infil

trat

ed

in th

e gr

ound

, but

flow

s ov

erla

nd

and

rout

ed th

roug

h ch

anne

ls o

r jo

ins

bigg

er w

ater

bod

ies.

Mea

sure

d in

gau

ging

sta

tions

impl

emen

ted

acro

ss

mai

n ri

vers

, wat

ersh

eds

and

thei

r tr

ibut

arie

s.D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, CR

DA

CRD

A, D

GRE

, BPE

H, D

GAC

TA,

DG

BGTH

b)-In

tern

al R

enew

able

G

roun

dwat

er (I

RG)

IRG

: G

roun

dwat

er R

echa

rge

is

the

tota

l vol

ume

of w

ater

ent

erin

g un

derg

roun

d so

urce

s of

wat

er

(typ

ical

ly a

quife

rs) w

ithin

a c

ount

ry’s

bo

rder

s fr

om e

ndog

enou

s (in

tern

al)

prec

ipita

tion

and

surf

ace

wat

er fl

ow

(FAO

)

If no

t mea

sure

d, IR

G c

an b

e es

timat

ed b

y hy

drol

ogic

al m

odel

ing

(Phy

sica

lly-B

ased

D

istr

ibut

ed M

odel

s): P

reco

rds,

Soi

l typ

e m

aps,

La

nd u

se m

aps,

Irri

gatio

n an

d dr

aina

ge m

aps,

ET

P in

puts

, Sur

face

run

off a

nd c

atch

men

t ou

tlets

, Rec

harg

e of

gro

undw

ater

aqu

ifers

by

prec

ipita

tion.

Gro

undw

ater

rech

arge

from

Sur

face

wat

er fl

ows

can

eith

er b

e es

timat

ed fr

om o

bser

vatio

n w

ells

or

mod

eled

thro

ugh

Surf

ace-

Gro

undw

ater

Cou

pled

m

odel

s.

DG

RE, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE


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c)-T

otal

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le

Blue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(T

IRBW

R=IR

SW+I

RG)

TIRB

WR=

(IRS

W+I

RG):

Lon

g-te

rm

aver

age

annu

al fl

ow o

f riv

ers

and

rech

arge

of a

quife

rs g

ener

ated

from

en

doge

nous

pre

cipi

tatio

n. D

oubl

e co

untin

g of

sur

face

wat

er a

nd

grou

ndw

ater

reso

urce

s is

avo

ided

by

dedu

cting

the

over

lap

from

the

sum

of

the

surf

ace

wat

er a

nd g

roun

dwat

er

reso

urce

s. (F

AO)

(TIR

BWR=

IRSW

+IRG

)D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, CRD

ACR

DA

, DG

RE, B

PEH

, DG

ACTA

, D

GBG

TH

d)- E

xter

nal S

urfa

ce W

ater

In

flow

(ESW

I)ES

WI:

Tha

t par

t of t

he c

ount

ry’s

an

nual

rene

wab

le s

urfa

ce w

ater

re

sour

ces

that

are

not

gen

erat

ed in

th

e co

untr

y. It

incl

udes

sur

face

inflo

ws

from

ups

trea

m c

ount

ries

, and

par

t of

the

wat

er o

f bor

der

lake

s an

d/or

ri

vers

with

out h

uman

influ

ence

), it

also

take

s in

to a

ccou

nt th

e qu

antit

y of

flo

w p

rote

cted

by

form

al a

gree

men

ts

or tr

eatie

s, a

nd th

eref

ore,

it m

ay v

ary

with

tim

e. (

Mod

ified

from

FAO

)

ESW

I is

mea

sure

d in

gau

ging

sta

tions

loca

ted

at

the

entr

ance

of r

iver

s ac

ross

bor

ders

; it c

once

rns

surf

ace

inflo

ws

from

ups

trea

m n

eigh

bori

ng

coun

try.

DG

RE, D

GBG

THCR

DA

, DG

RE, B

PEH

, DG

BGTH

e)-E

xter

nal S

urfa

ce W

ater

O

utflo

w (E

SWO

)Lo

ng-t

erm

ave

rage

ann

ual q

uanti

ty o

f su

rfac

e w

ater

leav

ing

the

coun

try

Exte

rnal

Sur

face

Wat

er O

utflo

w (E

SWO

): L

ong-

term

ave

rage

ann

ual q

uanti

ty o

f Sur

face

wat

er

leav

ing

the

coun

try.

No

ESW

O to

war

ds n

eigh

bori

ng c

ount

ries

, but

to

war

ds th

e se

a in

cas

e of

floo

ds

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

, BPE

H, D

GBG

TH

f)-E

xter

nal G

roun

dwat

er

Inflo

w (E

GI)

Long

-ter

m a

vera

ge a

nnua

l qua

ntity

of

gro

undw

ater

ann

ually

ent

erin

g th

e co

untr

y, ta

king

into

con

side

ratio

n tr

eatie

s (F

AO)

Exte

rnal

Gro

undw

ater

Inflo

w (E

GI)

: Lo

ng-t

erm

av

erag

e an

nual

qua

ntity

of g

roun

dwat

er a

nnua

lly

ente

ring

the

coun

try,

taki

ng in

to c

onsi

dera

tion

trea

ties

(FAO

).Es

timat

ed fr

om p

iezo

met

ric

map

s, o

bser

vatio

n w

ells

or

mod

eled

thro

ugh

Gro

undw

ater

mod

els.

DG

RE, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

g)-E

xter

nal G

roun

dwat

er

Outf

low

(EG

O)

Long

-ter

m a

vera

ge a

nnua

l qua

ntity

of

gro

undw

ater

leav

ing

the

coun

try

(FAO

)

Exte

rnal

Gro

undw

ater

outf

low

(EG

O) :

Lon

g-te

rm

aver

age

annu

al q

uanti

ty o

f gro

undw

ater

leav

ing

the

coun

try

(FAO

) Es

timat

ed fr

om p

iezo

met

ric

map

s, o

bser

vatio

n w

ells

or

mod

eled

thro

ugh

Gro

undw

ater

mod

els.

No

EGO

tow

ards

nei

ghbo

ring

cou

ntri

es, b

ut

tow

ards

the

sea

in c

ase

of c

oast

al a

quife

rs.

DG

RE, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

h)-T

otal

Ext

erna

l Re

new

able

Blu

e W

ater

Re

sour

ces

Inflo

w(T

ERBW

R)=(

ESW

I+EG

I)

The

porti

on o

f the

cou

ntry

’s

rene

wab

le w

ater

reso

urce

s w

hich

is

not

gen

erat

ed w

ithin

the

coun

try

(FAO

)

(TER

BWR)

=(ES

WI+

EGI)

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, BPE

H

27


ater (SOW

) Indicators


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i)-To

tal R

enew

able

Blu

e Su

rfac

e W

ater

(T

RBSW

)=(IR

SW)+

(ESW

I)-

(ESW

O)

Is th

e re

sulta

nt o

f the

inte

rnal

pr

oduc

ed s

urfa

ce w

ater

and

the

tran

sbou

ndar

y in

flow

s an

d ou

tflo

ws

of

surf

ace

wat

er

(TRB

SW)=

(IRSW

)+(E

SW I)

-(ES

WO

)D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, CRD

ACR

DA

, DG

RE, D

GBG

TH,

DG

ACTA

, BPE

H

j)- T

otal

Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Gro

undw

ater

(T

RBG

)=(IR

G)+

(EG

I)-(

EGO

)

Is th

e re

sulta

nt o

f the

inte

rnal

pr

oduc

ed g

roun

dwat

er a

nd th

e tr

ansb

ound

ary

inflo

ws

and

outf

low

s of

gr

ound

wat

er

(TRB

G)=

(IRG

)+(E

G I)

-(EG

O)

DG

RE, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

k)-O

verl

ap b

etw

een

surf

ace

wat

er a

nd g

roun

dwat

er

(OSW

GW

)

Part

of t

he re

new

able

fres

hwat

er

reso

urce

s th

at is

com

mon

to b

oth

surf

ace

and

grou

ndw

ater

. It i

s eq

ual

to g

roun

dwat

er d

rain

age

into

riv

ers

(typ

ical

ly b

ase

flow

of r

iver

s) m

inus

se

epag

e fr

om r

iver

s in

to a

quife

rs.

(FAO

)

OSW

= ba

se fl

ow o

f riv

ers

min

us s

eepa

ge fr

om

rive

rs in

to a

quife

rs. I

t is

mea

sure

d by

gau

ging

ri

vers

that

feed

or

drai

n aq

uife

rs.

DG

RE, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

l)-To

tal R

enew

able

Blu

e W

ater

Res

ourc

es(T

RBW

R)=(

TRBS

W)+

(TRB

G)-

(OSW

GW

)

Is th

e su

m o

f tot

al re

new

able

blu

e su

rfac

e an

d gr

ound

wat

er e

xclu

ding

th

e ov

erla

p be

twee

n th

em

(TRB

WR)

=(TR

BSW

)+(T

RBG

)-(O

SW)

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, D

GAC

TA, B

PEH

m)-

Tota

l Exp

loita

ble

Non

-Re

new

able

Gro

und

Wat

er

(TEN

RG)

The

annu

al e

xtra

ctab

le a

mou

nt

of n

on-r

enew

able

gro

undw

ater

ac

cord

ing

to a

pre

spe

cifie

d sa

fe y

ield

th

at is

dic

tate

d by

a p

re s

peci

fied

sust

aina

bilit

y pe

riod

(x n

umbe

r of

ye

ars)

.

TNRG

WR

can

be e

stim

ated

by

hydr

olog

ical

m

odel

ing

(Phy

sica

lly-B

ased

Dis

trib

uted

Mod

els)

: P

reco

rds,

Soi

l typ

e m

aps,

Lan

d us

e m

aps,

Irri

gatio

n an

d dr

aina

ge m

aps,

ETP

inpu

ts, S

urfa

ce r

unoff

an

d ca

tchm

ent o

utle

ts, R

echa

rge

of g

roun

dwat

er

aqui

fers

by

prec

ipita

tion,

Sat

ellit

e im

ager

y.G

roun

dwat

er re

char

ge fr

om S

urfa

ce w

ater

flow

s ca

n ei

ther

be

estim

ated

from

obs

erva

tion

wel

ls o

r m

odel

ed th

roug

h Su

rfac

e-G

roun

dwat

er C

oupl

ed

mod

els.

Th

e TN

RGW

R ex

trac

tabl

e an

nual

ly, a

ccor

ding

to

a p

re s

peci

fied

safe

yie

ld, i

s di

ctat

ed b

y a

pre

spec

ified

sus

tain

abili

ty p

erio

d (x

num

ber

of y

ears

).

DG

RE, C

RDA

CRD

A, D

GRE

n) T

otal

Blu

e W

ater

Re

sour

ces

(TBW

R)Is

the

sum

of T

otal

Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(TRB

WR)

and

Tot

al

Expl

oita

ble

Non

-Ren

ewab

le G

roun

d W

ater

(TN

RG)

TBW

R=TR

BWR+

TNRG

WD

GRE

, CRD

ACR

DA

, DG

RE

o)-M

obili

zatio

n of

Sur

face

W

ater

(s

peci

fic in

dica

tor)

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

es m

obili

zed

by

all d

ams

rela

tive

to th

e po

tenti

al o

f su

rfac

e w

ater

that

can

be

tech

nica

lly

mob

ilize

d

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

es m

obili

zed

by a

ll da

ms

/ Po

tenti

al o

f sur

face

wat

er th

at c

an b

e te

chni

cally

m

obili

zed

that

is 2

, 5 B

CM /

year

.

DG

BGTH

, DG

RE

DG

BGTH


MEW

INA

ii)G

reen

Wat

era)

-Wat

er fo

r Ra

in-f

ed

Agr

icul

tura

l Con

sum

ption

sTh

e to

tal a

mou

nt o

f pre

cipi

tatio

n di

rect

ly c

onsu

med

by

rain

fed

agri

cultu

re

-The

Ref

eren

ce v

alue

is c

alcu

late

d as

the

ratio

be

twee

n ir

riga

tion

abst

racti

ons

and

the

area

for

the

corr

espo

ndin

g la

nd u

se (R

). -A

lpha

is a

func

tion

of th

e pr

evai

ling

arid

ity a

nd

the

plan

t cov

er (a

n av

erag

e va

lue

of 0

.7 m

ay b

e as

sum

ed fo

r cr

ops

in te

mpe

rate

to a

rid

regi

ons

)-T

he ra

iny

peri

od fo

r th

e N

atur

al v

eget

ation

land

us

e is

then

iden

tified

(say

3 m

onth

s, i.

e. (0

.25)

ye

ar)

-Ave

rage

Veg

etati

on a

bstr

actio

ns =

Are

a of

Ve

geta

tion

* (R

) * (0

.7) *

(0.2

5)-S

atel

lite

imag

ery

is c

urre

ntly

mor

e effi

cien

t

DG

RE, D

GG

REE

CRD

A, D

GG

REE,

DG

PA, D

GE-

DA

, DG

RE

b)-W

ater

for

Rain

-fed

Pa

stur

e Co

nsum

ption

sTh

e to

tal a

mou

nt o

f pre

cipi

tatio

n di

rect

ly c

onsu

med

by

past

ure

area

s-A

vera

ge V

eget

ation

abs

trac

tions

= A

rea

of

Vege

tatio

n *

(R) *

(0.7

) * (0

.25)

-Sat

ellit

e im

ager

y is

cur

rent

ly m

ore

effici

ent

DG

RE, D

GG

REE

CRD

A, D

GPA

,OEP

, DG

EDA

, D

GG

REE,

DG

RE

c)-W

ater

for

Rain

-fed

For

est

Cons

umpti

ons

The

tota

l am

ount

of p

reci

pita

tion

dire

ctly

con

sum

ed b

y fo

rest

s-A

vera

ge V

eget

ation

abs

trac

tions

= A

rea

of

Vege

tatio

n *

(R) *

(0.7

) * (0

.25)

-Sat

ellit

e im

ager

y is

cur

rent

ly m

ore

effici

ent

DG

RE, D

GG

REE

CRD

A, D

GPA

, DG

F, D

GG

REE,

D

GED

A, D

GRE

d)-T

otal

Ren

ewab

le G

reen

W

ater

Res

ourc

es

TRG

WR

= a+

b+

c

The

tota

l am

ount

of p

reci

pita

tion

dire

ctly

con

sum

ed b

y ra

in fe

d ag

ricu

lture

, pas

ture

and

fore

sts

area

s

TRG

WR

= a+

b+

c D

GRE

, DG

GRE

ECR

DA

, DG

PA, D

GED

A, D

G-

GRE

E, O

EP, D

GF,

DG

RE

e)- T

otal

Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Re

sour

ces

(TRW

R)=(

TRBW

R+TR

GW

R)

The

tota

l Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Res

ourc

es

is h

ence

cal

cula

ted

as th

e su

m o

f the

to

tal B

lue

Wat

er d

escr

ibed

in th

e pr

evio

us s

ub-s

ectio

n an

d th

e to

tal

Gre

en W

ater

.

(TRW

R)=(

TRBW

R+TR

GW

R)D

GRE

, DG

GRE

ECR

DA

, DG

PA, D

GED

A, D

G-

GRE

E, O

EP, D

GF,

DG

RE

f)- T

otal

Con

venti

onal

W

ater

Res

ourc

es(T

CWR)

= T

RWR+

TNRG

=

TBW

R+TR

GW

R

Is th

e su

m o

f Tot

al R

enew

able

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s an

d To

tal N

on R

enew

able

W

ater

Res

ourc

es.

Als

o it

is th

e su

m o

f Tot

al B

lue

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s an

d To

tal R

enew

able

Gre

en

Wat

er R

esou

rces

.

(TCW

R) =

TRW

R+TN

RG =

TBW

R+TR

GW

RD

GRE

, DG

GRE

ECR

DA

, DG

PA, D

GED

A, D

G-

GRE

E, O

EP, D

GF,

DG

RE

iii)N

on-

Conv

entio

nal

Wat

er

a)-P

rodu

ced

Mun

icip

al

and

Indu

stri

al W

aste

wat

er

(PM

W)

Ann

ual q

uanti

ty o

f was

tew

ater

ge

nera

ted

in th

e co

untr

y, in

oth

er

wor

ds, t

he q

uanti

ty o

f wat

er th

at h

as

been

pol

lute

d by

add

ing

was

te

Non

mea

sure

dEs

timat

ed fr

om m

unic

ipal

and

indu

stri

al

with

draw

als

ON

AS

ON

AS

b)- T

reat

ed M

unic

ipal

and

In

dust

rial

Was

tew

ater

Qua

ntity

of g

ener

ated

mun

icip

al a

nd

indu

stri

al w

aste

wat

er th

at is

trea

ted

in a

giv

en y

ear

and

disc

harg

ed fr

om

trea

tmen

t pla

nts

(effl

uent

)

Mea

sure

d qu

antit

y of

gen

erat

ed m

unic

ipal

and

in

dust

rial

was

tew

ater

that

is tr

eate

d in

a g

iven

ye

ar a

nd d

isch

arge

d fr

om tr

eatm

ent p

lant

s

ON

AS

ON

AS

c)- R

euse

d Tr

eate

d M

unic

ipal

and

Indu

stri

al

Was

tew

ater

Qua

ntity

of t

reat

ed w

aste

wat

er th

at is

re

used

in a

giv

en y

ear

Mea

sure

d qu

antit

y of

trea

ted

was

tew

ater

that

is

reus

ed in

a g

iven

yea

rO

NA

S, D

GG

REE

ON

AS,

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

29


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

c bi

s)- T

reat

ed w

aste

wat

er

reus

ed in

agr

icul

tura

l ir

riga

tion

Tota

l am

ount

of t

reat

ed w

aste

wat

er

from

WW

TP th

at is

reus

ed in

a g

iven

ye

ar in

agr

icul

tura

l ir

riga

tion

-Tot

al v

olum

e of

trea

ted

was

tew

ater

reus

ed in

a

give

n ye

ar in

agr

icul

tura

l irr

igati

on (M

CM/y

ear)

-% o

f the

tota

l am

ount

of T

WW

pro

duce

d by

W

WTP

DG

GRE

E, O

NA

SD

GG

REE,

ON

AS

d)- P

rodu

ced

Agr

icul

tura

l D

rain

age

(PA

D)

Tota

l vol

ume

of th

e w

ater

with

draw

n fo

r ag

ricu

lture

but

not

con

sum

ed a

nd

flow

s ou

t of t

he s

yste

m

Not

mea

sure

d re

gula

rly

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

CRD

A, D

GG

REE,

DG

RE

e)- R

euse

d A

gric

ultu

ral

Dra

inag

eTh

e to

tal v

olum

e of

agr

icul

tura

l dr

aina

ge th

at is

retu

rned

bac

k to

the

syst

em th

roug

h re

use

Not

mea

sure

d re

gula

rly

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

CRD

A, D

GG

REE,

DG

RE

f)- P

rodu

ced

Des

alin

ated

W

ater

(PD

W)

Wat

er p

rodu

ced

annu

ally

by

desa

linati

on o

f bra

ckis

h or

sal

t wat

erM

easu

red

regu

larl

y by

SO

NED

EN

on m

easu

red

regu

larl

y co

ncer

ning

pri

vate

pr

oduc

ers

SON

EDE,

DG

RECR

DA

, SO

NED

E, D

GRE

g)- T

otal

Non

-Con

venti

onal

W

ater

Res

ourc

es (T

NCW

R)=

(PM

W)+

(PA

D)+

(PD

W)

Tota

l Non

-Con

venti

onal

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s(T

NCW

R)=

(PM

W)+

(PA

D)+

(PD

W)

ON

AS,

SO

NED

E,

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

CRD

A, O

NA

S, S

ON

EDE,

D

GG

REE,

DG

RE

a)

h)- T

h)-

To

tal N

on-R

enew

able

G

ro

Gro

undw

ater

(TN

RGR)

The

annu

al e

xtra

ctab

le a

mou

nt

of n

on-r

enew

able

gro

undw

ater

ac

cord

ing

to a

pre

spe

cifie

d sa

fe

yiel

d th

at is

dic

tate

d by

a s

peci

fic

sust

aina

bilit

y pe

riod

(x n

umbe

r of

ye

ars)

TNRG

WR

can

be e

stim

ated

by

hydr

olog

ical

m

odel

ing

(Phy

sica

lly-B

ased

Dis

trib

uted

Mod

els)

: P

reco

rds,

Soi

l typ

e m

aps,

Lan

d us

e m

aps,

Irri

gatio

n an

d dr

aina

ge m

aps,

ETP

inpu

ts, S

urfa

ce r

unoff

an

d ca

tchm

ent o

utle

ts, R

echa

rge

of g

roun

dwat

er

aqui

fers

by

prec

ipita

tion,

Sat

ellit

e im

ager

y.G

roun

dwat

er re

char

ge fr

om S

urfa

ce w

ater

flow

s ca

n ei

ther

be

estim

ated

from

obs

erva

tion

wel

ls o

r m

odel

ed th

roug

h Su

rfac

e-G

roun

dwat

er C

oupl

ed

mod

els.

Th

e TN

RGW

R ex

trac

tabl

e an

nual

ly, a

ccor

ding

to

a p

re s

peci

fied

safe

yie

ld, i

s di

ctat

ed b

y a

pre

spec

ified

sus

tain

abili

ty p

erio

d (x

num

ber

of y

ears

).

DG

RE,

CRD

A, D

GRE

i)-To

tal C

onve

ntion

al W

ater

Re

sour

ces

(TCW

R)=

(TRW

R)+(

TNRG

R)

TCW

R(T

CWR)

= (T

RWR)

+(TN

RGR)

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH,

DG

GRE

ECR

DA

, DG

BGTH

, BPE

H,

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

j)-To

tal A

vaila

ble

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s (T

AWR)

= (T

CWR)

+(TN

CWR)

TAW

R is

the

sum

of t

otal

ann

ual

rene

wab

le a

nd n

on-r

enew

able

wat

er

reso

urce

s (a

ppro

xim

ated

) and

tot

al

annu

al n

on-c

onve

ntion

al w

ater

re

sour

ces

(TAW

R)=

(TCW

R)+(

TNCW

R)D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, D

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

SO

NED

E

CRD

A, D

GBG

TH, B

PEH

, D

GG

REE,

DG

RE, O

NA

S,

SON

EDE

4.1.

2 W

ater

&

Use

sa)

Ann

ual T

otal

wat

er

with

draw

alTh

e gr

oss

amou

nt o

f wat

er e

xtra

cted

fr

om a

ll so

urce

s, e

ither

per

man

ently

or

tem

pora

rily

, for

all

uses

. It i

nclu

des

cons

umpti

ve u

se, c

onve

yanc

e lo

sses

, an

d re

turn

flow

Wat

er e

xtra

cted

ann

ually

from

all

sour

ces

for

all

uses

.It

incl

udes

con

sum

ptive

use

, con

veya

nce

loss

es,

and

retu

rn fl

ow

BPEH

, DG

BGTH

, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

DG

RE

CRD

A, B

PEH

, DG

BGTH

, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E, O

NA

S,

BIRH

, DG

RE

b)W

ithdr

awal

for

Dom

estic

W

ater

use

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er

with

draw

als

used

for

dom

estic

pu

rpos

es

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er w

ithdr

awal

s us

ed fo

r do

mes

tic p

urpo

ses

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E,

BIRH

, DG

RECR

DA

s, S

ON

EDE,

D

GG

REE,

BIRH

, DG

RE


MEW

INA

c)W

ithdr

awal

for

Indu

stri

al

Wat

er u

se

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er

with

draw

als

used

for

indu

stri

al

purp

oses

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er w

ithdr

awal

s us

ed fo

r in

dust

rial

pur

pose

sSO

NED

E, M

IN IN

D,

DG

GRE

E, B

IRH

, DG

RECR

DA

, ST

EG, S

ON

EDE,

D

GG

REE,

BIR

H, D

GRE

d)W

ithdr

awal

for

Agr

icul

tura

l Wat

er u

se

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

blu

e w

ater

w

ithdr

awal

s us

ed fo

r ag

ricu

ltura

l pu

rpos

es

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

blu

e w

ater

with

draw

als

used

for

agri

cultu

ral p

urpo

ses

TABW

W

DG

PA,

DG

EDA

,DG

GRE

E,BI

RH,

BPEH

, DG

RE

CRD

As,

DG

PA, D

GED

A,

DG

GRE

E, B

IRH

, BPE

H, D

GRE

e) G

reen

Wat

er

Cons

umpti

ons

for

Agr

icul

ture

Wat

er u

se

The

tota

l vol

ume

of g

reen

wat

er

annu

ally

con

sum

ed b

y ra

in fe

d ag

ricu

lture

The

tota

l vol

ume

of g

reen

wat

er a

nnua

lly

cons

umed

by

rain

fed

agri

cultu

reTA

GW

W

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

BPE

HCR

DA

s, D

GPA

, DG

EDA

, DG

-G

REE,

OEP

, DG

F, B

IRH

, BPE

H,

DG

RE

f)To

tal A

gric

ultu

ral W

ater

us

esTh

e to

tal a

nnua

l vol

ume

cons

umed

by

both

rain

fed

and

irri

gate

d ag

ricu

lture

TABW

W+T

AGW

WD

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, B

PEH

CRD

A, D

GPA

, DG

EDA

, DG

-G

REE,

BIR

H, B

PEH

, DG

RE

g)W

ithdr

awal

s fr

om B

lue

Surf

ace

wat

erA

nnua

l gro

ss a

mou

nt o

f wat

er

extr

acte

d fr

om r

iver

s, la

kes

and

rese

rvoi

rs. I

t inc

lude

s w

ithdr

awal

of

prim

ary

rene

wab

le s

urfa

ce w

ater

re

sour

ces

and

seco

ndar

y fr

eshw

ater

so

urce

s (w

ater

pre

viou

sly

with

draw

n an

d re

turn

ed)

Ann

ual g

ross

am

ount

of w

ater

ext

ract

ed fr

om

rive

rs, l

akes

, dam

s an

d re

serv

oirs

. It i

nclu

des

-with

draw

al o

f pri

mar

y re

new

able

sur

face

wat

er

reso

urce

s -a

nd s

econ

dary

fres

hwat

er s

ourc

es (w

ater

pr

evio

usly

with

draw

n an

d re

turn

ed)

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH,

SON

EDE

CRD

As,

BIR

H,B

PEH

, SO

NED

E,

DG

BGTH

, DG

ACTA

, D

GRE

h) W

ithdr

awal

s fr

om B

lue

Rene

wab

le G

roun

dwat

erTo

tal a

bstr

actio

ns fr

om re

new

able

gr

ound

wat

er s

ourc

es, p

er y

ear

Tota

l ann

ual a

bstr

actio

ns fr

om g

roun

dwat

er

sour

ces,

incl

udin

g no

n re

new

able

sou

rces

(F

low

mea

sure

men

t, s

atel

lite

imag

ery)

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

ACR

DA

, BIR

H, S

ON

EDE,

DG

-G

REE,

DG

RE

i)With

draw

als

from

Bl

ue N

on-R

enew

able

G

roun

dwat

er

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

es a

bstr

acte

d fr

om

non-

rene

wab

le re

sour

ces,

nam

ely,

fo

ssil

grou

ndw

ater

.

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

es a

bstr

acte

d fr

om n

on-

rene

wab

le re

sour

ces,

nam

ely,

foss

il gr

ound

wat

er.

(Flo

w m

easu

rem

ent,

sat

ellit

e im

ager

y)

DG

RECR

DA

, DG

RE

ibis

) Tot

al w

ithdr

awal

s fr

om

Blue

Wat

erIs

the

sum

of w

ithdr

awal

s fr

om B

lue

Surf

ace

Wat

er, B

lue

Rene

wab

le

Gro

undw

ater

and

Blu

e N

on

Rene

wab

le G

roun

dwat

er

TWBW

=WBS

W+B

RG+B

NRG

DG

RECR

DA

, DG

RE

i ter

) Gre

en w

ater

Co

nsum

ption

for

Live

stoc

k Fo

dder

Wat

er U

se

(Add

ition

al)

Tota

l with

draw

als

from

Gre

en W

ater

fo

r Li

vest

ock

Fodd

er W

ater

Use

Tota

l with

draw

als

from

Gre

en W

ater

for

Live

stoc

k Fo

dder

Wat

er U

se

DG

GRE

E, O

EP, D

GPA

, D

GED

ACR

DA

, DG

GRE

E, O

EP, D

GPA

, D

GED

A

I qua

t) B

ottle

d W

ater

Pr

oduc

tion

(Add

ition

al)

Bott

led

Wat

er P

rodu

ction

(BCM

/Yea

r)Bo

ttle

d W

ater

Pro

ducti

on (B

CM/Y

ear)

BIRH

, OFF

ICE

DE

THER

MA

LISM

EBI

RH, O

FFIC

E D

E TH

ERM

ALI

SME

j)With

draw

als

from

non

-co

nven

tiona

l res

ourc

esTo

tal v

olum

es a

bstr

acte

d an

nual

ly

from

wat

er re

sour

ces

othe

r th

an

surf

ace

and

grou

ndw

ater

, nam

ely,

tr

eate

d w

aste

wat

er a

nd d

esal

inat

ed

sea

wat

er

Tota

l vol

umes

abs

trac

ted

annu

ally

from

trea

ted

was

tew

ater

and

des

alin

ated

sea

wat

erO

NA

S, S

ON

EDE,

D

GG

REE,

DG

RECR

DA

, ON

AS,

SO

NED

E,

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

31


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

k)O

vera

ll W

ater

Use

Effi

cien

cyTh

e ra

tio o

f the

diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

the

tota

l with

draw

als

from

ori

gina

l so

urce

s (s

urfa

ce w

ater

, ren

ewab

le

and

non-

rene

wab

le g

roun

dwat

er,

and

Des

alin

ated

Wat

er) a

nd th

e w

aste

wat

er a

nd D

rain

age

flow

s to

th

e w

ithdr

awal

from

Ori

gina

l Sou

rces

ex

pres

sed

as a

per

cent

age.

OW

UE=

100*

((W

ithdr

awal

s fr

om O

rigi

nal s

ourc

es-

Was

tew

ater

and

Dra

inag

e ou

tflo

ws)

/With

draw

als

from

Ori

gina

l sou

rces

)

SON

EDE,

O

NA

S,D

GG

REE,

BPE

H,

DG

RE

CRD

A, S

ON

EDE,

ON

AS,

D

GG

REE,

BPE

H, D

GRE

l)Wat

er S

usta

inab

ility

Inde

xTh

e ra

tio o

f the

tota

l with

draw

als

from

O

rigi

nal s

ourc

es in

clud

ing

gree

n w

ater

co

nsum

ption

s by

rain

fed

agri

cultu

re

to th

e To

tal R

enew

able

Wat

er

reso

urce

s (B

lue

and

Gre

en W

ater

)

TW in

clud

ing

gree

n w

ater

con

sum

ption

s by

rain

fe

d ag

ricu

lture

/TRW

R (B

lue

and

Gre

en W

ater

)BP

EH,

DG

BGTH

,DG

GRE

E,

SON

EDE,

DG

RE

CRD

A, B

PEH

, DG

BGTH

, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E, O

NA

S,

BIRH

, DG

RE

m)W

aste

wat

er a

nd

Dra

inag

e O

utflo

ws

Was

tew

ater

and

Agr

icul

tura

l Dra

inag

e flo

win

g ou

t of t

he s

yste

m

PMIW

+ PA

D(o

ut o

f the

sys

tem

)O

NA

S, D

GG

REE,

DG

RECR

DA

, ON

AS,

DG

PA,

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

, BPE

H

n)Tr

ansb

ound

ary

Was

tew

ater

and

Dra

inag

e O

utflo

ws

Was

tew

ater

and

Agr

icul

tura

l Dra

inag

e flo

win

g ou

t of t

he c

ount

ry’s

bor

ders

PMIW

+ PA

D

(out

of t

he c

ount

ry’s

bor

ders

)O

NA

S, D

GG

REE,

DG

RECR

DA

, ON

AS,

DG

GRE

E,

DG

RE, B

PEH

o)M

iner

al w

ater

con

sum

p-tio

n To

tal v

olum

e of

min

eral

wat

er

cons

umed

per

yea

r an

d pe

r ca

pita

To

tal v

olum

e of

min

eral

wat

er c

onsu

med

per

yea

r an

d pe

r ca

pita

(l/

c/y)

Min

istr

y of

Tra

de

(DC)

, Min

istr

y of

H

ealth

(Hyd

roth

erap

y

office

)

Min

istr

y of

Tra

de (D

C), M

in-

istr

y of

Hea

lth (H

ydro

ther

apy

office

)

p)N

on C

onve

ntion

al W

ater

Re

sour

ces

used

in w

ater

su

pply

Ann

ual v

olum

es o

f Non

Con

venti

onal

W

ater

Res

ourc

es u

sed

in w

ater

sup

ply

-Des

alin

ated

wat

er-T

reat

ed w

ater

Ann

ual v

olum

es o

f Non

Con

venti

onal

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s us

ed in

wat

er s

uppl

y-D

esal

inat

ed w

ater

-Tre

ated

wat

er

SON

EDE,

DG

RESO

NED

E, D

GRE

q)W

ithdr

awal

s by

diff

eren

t ec

osys

tem

s-T

otal

ann

ual v

olum

e de

dica

ted

to

mee

t the

wat

er n

eeds

of d

iffer

ent

ecos

yste

ms

(wet

land

s ar

eas,

lake

s,

sebk

has)

-Tot

al a

nnua

l vol

ume

dedi

cate

d to

mee

t the

wat

er

need

s of

diff

eren

t eco

syst

ems

(wet

land

s ar

eas,

la

kes,

seb

khas

)

AN

PE, D

GRE

AN

PE, D

GRE

4.1.

3 W

ater

&

Lan

d-U

se

Chan

ges

a)To

tal i

rrig

ated

Agr

icul

tura

l La

ndTo

tal w

ater

man

aged

agr

icul

tura

l are

aA

rea

(ha)

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

DG

EDA

, CRD

As,

CN

T

b)To

tal R

ain

fed

A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

Tota

l rai

n fe

d ag

ricu

ltura

l are

aA

rea

(ha)

DG

PAD

GPA

, DG

GRE

E , D

GED

A,

CRD

As,

CN

T

c) T

otal

Pas

ture

Lan

dTo

tal r

ain

fed

past

oral

are

aA

rea

(ha)

DG

F, O

EPD

GF,

OEP

, DG

PA, D

GED

A,

CRD

As,

CN

T

d)To

tal F

ores

ts la

nd

Tota

l rai

n fe

d fo

rest

are

aA

rea

(ha)

DG

FD

GF,

DG

EDA

, CRD

As,

CN

T


MEW

INA

e)U

rban

Enc

roac

hmen

t on

A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

Is th

e lo

ss o

f agr

icul

tura

l lan

d ca

used

by

urb

aniz

ation

, and

is e

xpre

ssed

by

agri

cultu

ral a

rea

lost

/ ye

ar.

The

reco

mm

ende

d ap

proa

ch d

epen

ds o

n th

e pr

esen

ce o

f hig

h re

solu

tion

Land

sat S

atel

lite

imag

es fo

r di

ffere

nt y

ears

for

the

area

or

coun

try

of in

tere

st. T

hese

imag

es a

re s

impl

y ov

erla

id a

nd

the

diffe

renc

e in

are

a be

twee

n th

em is

stu

died

by

Geo

grap

hica

l Inf

orm

ation

Sys

tem

(GIS

) soft

war

e.

DG

GRE

E, D

GPA

, D

GAC

TA, O

TED

DD

GG

REE,

DG

PA, D

GED

A,

CRD

As,

OTE

DD

, CN

T

4.1.

4 W

ater

&

Serv

ices

i)Wat

er

Cove

rage

and

A

cces

sibi

lity

a)Im

prov

ed U

rban

Wat

er

Supp

ly C

over

age

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on p

rovi

ded

with

pip

ed d

rink

ing

wat

er in

urb

an

area

s

% o

f pop

ulati

on p

rovi

ded

with

pip

ed d

rink

ing

wat

er in

urb

an a

reas

(sec

tor

min

istr

y)SO

NED

ESO

NED

E, IN

S

b)Im

prov

ed R

ural

Wat

er

Supp

ly C

over

age

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on p

rovi

ded

with

pip

ed d

rink

ing

wat

er in

rur

al

area

s

% o

f pop

ulati

on p

rovi

ded

with

pip

ed d

rink

ing

wat

er in

rur

al a

reas

(se

ctor

min

istr

y)D

GG

RRE,

SO

NED

ED

GG

REE,

GD

A, S

ON

EDE,

INS,

G

over

nora

te C

ounc

il

c)Im

prov

ed U

rban

Sa

nita

tion

Cove

rage

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on c

over

ed w

ith

sani

tatio

n in

urb

an a

reas

% o

f pop

ulati

on c

over

ed w

ith s

anita

tion

in u

rban

ar

eas

(sec

tor

min

istr

y)O

NA

SO

NA

S, IN

S

d)Im

prov

ed R

ural

Sa

nita

tion

Cove

rage

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on c

over

ed w

ith

sani

tatio

n in

rur

al a

reas

% o

f pop

ulati

on c

over

ed w

ith s

anita

tion

in r

ural

ar

eas

(sec

tor

min

istr

y)O

NA

S? D

GG

REE?

DG

GRE

E, O

NA

S, IN

S

e)Pe

rcen

tage

of p

opul

ation

w

ith im

prov

ed w

ater

su

pply

An

impr

oved

dri

nkin

g-w

ater

sou

rce

is d

efine

d as

one

that

, by

natu

re o

f its

con

stru

ction

or

thro

ugh

activ

e in

terv

entio

n, is

pro

tect

ed fr

om o

utsi

de

cont

amin

ation

% o

f pop

ulati

on w

ith im

prov

ed d

rink

ing

wat

er

sour

ce (J

MP)

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

ESO

NED

E, D

GG

REE,

INS,

JMP

f)Pe

rcen

tage

of p

opul

ation

w

ith im

prov

ed s

anita

tion

Defi

ned

at lo

okin

g at

the

follo

win

g fa

ciliti

es a

s in

dica

tors

: Flu

sh o

r po

ur-

flush

(pip

ed s

ewer

sys

tem

, sep

tic

tank

, pit

latr

ine)

, Ven

tilat

ed Im

prov

ed

Pit l

atri

ne, p

it la

trin

e w

ith s

lab,

co

mpo

sting

toile

t

% o

f pop

ulati

on w

ith im

prov

ed s

anita

tion

faci

lities

(J

MP)

ON

AS,

DG

GRE

EO

NA

S, D

GG

REE,

INS,

JMP

F1)R

ural

dri

nkin

g w

ater

su

pply

sys

tem

s (R

DW

SS)

Num

ber

of r

ural

dri

nkin

g w

ater

sup

ply

syst

ems

(RD

WSS

)N

umbe

r of

rur

al d

rink

ing

wat

er s

uppl

y sy

stem

s (R

DW

SS)

DG

GRE

E, S

ON

EDE

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

F2)A

gric

ultu

ral D

evel

op-

men

t Gro

ups

(AD

G)

Num

ber

of A

gric

ultu

ral D

evel

opm

ent

Gro

ups

(AD

G)

-Wat

er s

uppl

y A

DG

-Irri

gatio

n A

DG

-Joi

nt A

DG

Num

ber

of A

gric

ultu

ral D

evel

opm

ent G

roup

s (A

DG

)-W

ater

sup

ply

AD

G-Ir

riga

tion

AD

G-J

oint

AD

G

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

F3)D

rink

ing

wat

er &

Qua

lity

stan

dard

sPa

rt o

f the

dri

nkin

g w

ater

sup

plie

d,

not c

onfo

rm to

qua

lity

stan

dard

s-R

ural

are

a-U

rban

are

a

Part

of t

he d

rink

ing

wat

er s

uppl

ied,

not

con

form

to

qua

lity

stan

dard

s-R

ural

are

a-U

rban

are

a

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E,

DH

ME

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E, D

HM

PE

33


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

F4)D

rink

ing

wat

er w

ith T

DS

<1, 5

g/

l-D

istr

ibuti

on ra

te o

f dri

nkin

g w

ater

TD

S <1

, 5 g

/ l

-Vol

ume

of d

rink

ing

wat

er d

istr

ibut

ed w

ith T

DS

<1,

5 g

/ l/

Tota

l dri

nkin

g w

ater

dis

trib

uted

vol

ume

-Rur

al a

rea

-Urb

an a

rea

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

ESO

NED

E, D

GG

REE

F5)U

tiliz

ation

of b

rack

ish

wat

er T

DS>

5 g

/ l

in

irri

gate

d s

ecto

r

Util

izati

on ra

te o

f bra

ckis

h w

ater

with

TD

S> 5

g /

l in

irri

gate

d se

ctor

Volu

me

utiliz

ed o

f bra

ckis

h w

ater

with

TD

S> 5

g /

l in

irri

gate

d se

ctor

/Tot

al v

olum

e of

wat

er u

sed

DG

GRE

E, D

GPA

, D

GAC

TA,

INRG

REF

DG

GRE

E, D

GPA

, DG

ACTA

,IN

RGRE

F

F6)T

reat

ed w

aste

wat

er&

Qua

lity

stan

dard

sPa

rt o

f tre

ated

was

tew

ater

prod

uced

, not

con

form

to q

ualit

y st

anda

rds

(tre

atm

ent s

tage

1, tr

eatm

ent s

tage

2,

trea

tmen

t sta

ge3)

Part

of t

reat

ed w

aste

wat

erpr

oduc

ed, n

ot c

onfo

rm to

qua

lity

stan

dard

s(t

reat

men

t sta

ge1,

trea

tmen

t sta

ge2,

trea

tmen

t st

age3

)

ON

AS,

DG

GRE

EO

NA

S, D

GG

REE

ii)W

ater

In

fras

truc

ture

:g)

Len

gths

of N

etw

orks

(W

ater

Sup

ply,

Sew

age,

Ir

riga

tion,

and

Dra

inag

e).

Leng

ths

of N

etw

orks

(Wat

er S

uppl

y,

Sew

age,

Irri

gatio

n, a

nd D

rain

age)

.Le

ngth

s of

Net

wor

ks (W

ater

Sup

ply,

Sew

age,

Ir

riga

tion,

and

Dra

inag

e) in

km

.D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

ON

AS

DG

GRE

E, S

ON

EDE,

ON

AS,

D

GBG

TH, S

ECA

DEN

ORD

, CR

DA

h)D

am S

tora

ge C

apac

ityTh

e to

tal c

apac

ity o

f all

wat

er

regu

latin

g st

ruct

ures

inst

alle

d.To

tal c

apac

ity o

f all

wat

er re

gula

ting

stru

ctur

es

inst

alle

d (B

CM/y

).D

GBG

TH, S

ON

EDE,

SE

CAD

ENO

RD,

DG

ACTA

DG

BGTH

, SO

NED

E,

SECA

DEN

ORD

, DG

ACTA

i)Wat

er S

uppl

y Ca

paci

tyD

efine

d as

the

tota

l Dri

nkin

g W

ater

Tr

eatm

ent C

apac

ity, i

n ot

her

wor

ds

it is

the

sum

mati

on o

f the

pot

entia

l ca

paci

ties

of a

ll dr

inki

ng w

ater

pla

nts

-Tot

al D

rink

ing

Wat

er T

reat

men

t Cap

acity

(M

CM/y

), -S

umm

ation

of t

he p

oten

tial c

apac

ities

of a

ll dr

inki

ng w

ater

pla

nts

(MCM

/y)

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

ESO

NED

E, D

GG

REE,

CRD

As

j)Des

alin

ation

cap

acity

The

tota

l cap

acity

of a

ll de

salin

ation

pl

ants

Tota

l cap

acity

of a

ll de

salin

ation

pla

nts

(MCM

/y)

SON

EDE,

DG

RESO

NED

E, C

RDA

, Pri

vate

us

ers,

k)N

umbe

r of

wat

er s

uppl

y m

eter

s in

stal

led

Num

ber

of w

ater

sup

ply

met

ers

inst

alle

dN

umbe

r of

wat

er s

uppl

y m

eter

s in

stal

led

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E,SO

NED

E, D

GG

REE,

CRD

A,

DG

BGTH

, DG

ACTA

, SE

CAD

ENO

RD

l) M

unic

ipal

Was

tew

ater

Tr

eatm

ent C

apac

ityTo

tal c

apac

ity o

f all

Mun

icip

al

Was

tew

ater

Tre

atm

ent P

lant

s (M

CM/

Year

)

Tota

l cap

acity

of a

ll M

unic

ipal

Was

tew

ater

Tr

eatm

ent P

lant

s (M

CM/Y

ear)

ON

AS

ON

AS

m) I

ndus

tria

l Was

tew

ater

Tr

eatm

ent C

apac

ityTo

tal c

apac

ity o

f all

Indu

stri

al

Was

tew

ater

Tre

atm

ent P

lant

s (M

CM/

Year

)

Tota

l cap

acity

of a

ll In

dust

rial

Was

tew

ater

Tr

eatm

ent P

lant

s (M

CM/Y

ear)

ON

AS

ON

AS

n) W

aste

wat

er C

olle

ction

Ca

paci

ty (A

dditi

onal

)Is

the

sum

of M

unic

ipal

and

Indu

stri

al

Was

tew

ater

Tre

atm

ent C

apac

ityIs

the

sum

of M

unic

ipal

and

Indu

stri

al W

aste

wat

er

Trea

tmen

t Cap

acity

ON

AS

ON

AS

o)Tr

ansf

er c

apac

ity o

f W

ater

reso

urce

s (m

ainl

y N

orth

ern

Wat

ers)

Tota

l tra

nsfe

r ca

paci

ty o

f Nor

ther

n w

ater

s ne

twor

k in

a g

iven

yea

rTe

chni

cal d

esig

n da

ta d

raw

ings

for

pum

ping

st

ation

s, m

anm

ade

rese

rvoi

rs; h

ydro

grap

hic

surv

eys

and

netw

orks

.

SECA

DEN

ORD

, SO

NED

E, D

GBG

THSE

CAD

ENO

RD, S

ON

EDE,

D

GBG

TH


MEW

INA

4.1.

5 W

ater

&

Ener

gya)

Elec

tric

ity g

ener

ated

us

ing

Hyd

ropo

wer

(GW

h/Ye

ar)

Elec

tric

ity g

ener

ated

usi

ng

Hyd

ropo

wer

(GW

h/Ye

ar).

Hyd

ropo

wer

pro

ducti

on a

s pe

rcen

t of

tota

l ele

ctri

city

pro

ducti

on (W

ord

Bank

).

Hyd

ropo

wer

pro

ducti

on a

s pe

rcen

t of t

otal

el

ectr

icity

pro

ducti

on (W

orld

Ban

k).

-For

all

Hyd

ropo

wer

gen

erati

on p

lant

s , t

he

follo

win

g tw

o pa

ram

eter

s sh

ould

be

know

n:

(i)

Hea

d (h

): Th

e Ve

rtica

l dis

tanc

e be

twee

n th

e w

ater

inta

ke a

nd th

e Tu

rbin

e

(ii)

Flow

(q)

: Ins

ide

the

Turb

ine

-Pth = ρ q g h

-Som

e of

the

pow

er g

ener

ated

is lo

st d

ue

to fr

ictio

n in

side

the

Turb

ine,

ther

efor

e th

e th

eore

ttica

l Pow

er is

cor

rect

ed b

y m

ultip

lyin

g it

by

a fa

ctor

.

Min

istr

y of

Indu

stry

, ST

EGST

EG, I

NS

b)In

stal

led

Hyd

ropo

wer

ca

paci

ty (M

W)

Sum

of a

ll ge

nera

tor

nam

epla

te p

ower

ra

tings

(in G

W) f

rom

the

inst

alle

d H

ydro

pow

er P

lant

s (A

MCO

W,2

012)

Sum

of a

ll ge

nera

tor

nam

epla

te p

ower

ratin

gs

(in G

W) f

rom

the

inst

alle

d H

ydro

pow

er P

lant

s (A

MCO

W, 2

012)

or th

e m

axim

um r

unoff

of a

hyd

roel

ectr

ic fa

cilit

y th

at c

an b

e co

nsta

ntly

mai

ntai

ned

and

utiliz

ed b

y eq

uipm

ent

Min

istr

y of

Indu

stry

, ST

EGST

EG, I

NS

b bu

s)W

ater

Use

d to

ge

nera

te E

lect

rici

ty (M

CM/

Year

) (A

dditi

onal

)

Wat

er U

sed

to g

ener

ate

Elec

tric

ity

(MCM

/Yea

r)W

ater

Use

d to

gen

erat

e El

ectr

icity

(MCM

/Yea

r)M

inis

try

of In

dust

ry,

STEG

, DG

BGTH

STEG

, DG

BGTH

4.1.

6 W

ater

&

Popu

latio

nc)

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Re

sour

ces

per

capi

taTh

e m

axim

um th

eore

tical

am

ount

of

wat

er p

rodu

ced

inte

rnal

ly a

nd a

ctua

lly

avai

labl

e, o

n a

per

per

son

basi

s

IRW

R /

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, I

NS

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, B

PEH

, IN

S

d) T

otal

Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

per

cap

ita

The

max

imum

theo

retic

al a

mou

nt

of w

ater

act

ually

ava

ilabl

e, o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

TRBW

R/To

tal p

opul

ation

in m

3 /y/

c.D

GRE

, IN

S D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, BPE

H, I

NS

e)To

tal P

opul

ation

Tota

l pop

ulati

onTo

tal p

opul

ation

INS

INS

f)In

tern

al R

enew

able

wat

er

reso

urce

s pe

r ca

pita

Long

-ter

m a

vera

ge a

nnua

l flow

of

riv

ers

and

rech

arge

of a

quife

rs

gene

rate

d fr

om e

ndog

enou

s pr

ecip

itatio

n, o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

IRW

R/To

tal p

opul

ation

in m

3 /y/

c.D

GRE

, IN

SD

GRE

, BPE

H, I

NS

g)To

tal S

urfa

ce R

enew

able

Bl

ue w

ater

reso

urce

s pe

r Ca

pita

Is th

e re

sulta

nt o

f the

inte

rnal

pr

oduc

ed s

urfa

ce w

ater

and

the

tran

sbou

ndar

y in

flow

s an

d ou

tflo

ws

of

surf

ace

wat

er, o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

.

TSRB

WR/

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, I

NS

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, B

PEH

, IN

S

h)To

tal R

enew

able

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s pe

r ca

pita

Is th

e su

m o

f tot

al re

new

able

blu

e an

d gr

een

wat

er re

sour

ces,

on

a pe

r pe

rson

bas

is

(TRB

WR+

TRG

WR)

/Tot

al p

opul

ation

in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, I

NS

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, B

PEH

, IN

S

35


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

i)Blu

e w

ater

With

draw

als

per

capi

taTo

tal a

nnua

l abs

trac

tions

from

sur

face

an

d gr

ound

wat

er s

ourc

es in

clud

ing

non-

rene

wab

le g

roun

dwat

er a

nd

seco

ndar

y fr

eshw

ater

sou

rces

(wat

er

prev

ious

ly w

ithdr

awn

and

retu

rned

), on

a p

er p

erso

n ba

sis.

Tota

l ann

ual a

bstr

actio

ns/

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m3

/y/c

.D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, IN

SD

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, DG

GRE

E,

BPEH

, IN

S

j) G

reen

Wat

er

Cons

umpti

ons

per

capi

taTh

e to

tal a

mou

nt o

f pre

cipi

tatio

n di

rect

ly c

onsu

med

by

past

ure

area

s,

rain

fed

area

s, a

nd fo

rest

are

as, o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

.

Tota

l am

ount

of p

reci

pita

tion

dire

ctly

con

sum

ed

by p

astu

re a

reas

, rai

n fe

d ar

eas,

and

fore

st a

reas

/

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m

3 /y/

c.

DG

RE, I

NS

DG

RE, D

GED

A, D

GPA

, BPE

H,

INS

k)To

tal A

vaila

ble

Wat

er

Reso

urce

s pe

r ca

pita

The

sum

of r

enew

able

, non

rene

wab

le

and

non

conv

entio

nal W

ater

Re

sour

ces

on a

per

per

son

basi

s.

(RW

R+N

RWR+

NCW

R)/

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m

3 /y/

c.D

GRE

, IN

SD

GRE

, DG

EDA

, SO

NED

E,

ON

AS,

BPE

H, I

NS

l) To

tal W

ater

Con

sum

ption

pe

r ca

pita

The

gros

s am

ount

of w

ater

ext

ract

ed

by a

ll se

ctor

s fr

om a

ll so

urce

s, e

ither

pe

rman

ently

or

tem

pora

rily

, on

a pe

r pe

rson

bas

is

Wat

er e

xtra

cted

by

all s

ecto

rs fr

om a

ll so

urce

s/

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

INS

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

BPEH

, IN

S

m) A

gric

ultu

ral W

ater

W

ithdr

awal

s pe

r ca

pita

The

sum

of t

otal

agr

icul

tura

l ab

stra

ction

s fr

om b

lue

wat

er, a

nd

dire

ct b

enefi

cial

abs

trac

tions

from

pr

ecip

itatio

n in

rain

fed

area

s, o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

Agr

icul

tura

l abs

trac

tions

from

blu

e w

ater

, and

di

rect

ben

efici

al a

bstr

actio

ns fr

om p

reci

pita

tion

in

rain

fed

area

s/ T

otal

pop

ulati

on in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

D

GED

A,D

GPA

, BPE

H,

INS

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

D

GED

A,D

GPA

, BPE

H, I

NS

n)In

dust

rial

Wat

er

With

draw

als

per

capi

taTo

tal a

nnua

l vol

ume

of w

ater

w

ithdr

awal

s us

ed fo

r in

dust

rial

pu

rpos

es o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er w

ithdr

awal

s us

ed fo

r in

dust

rial

pur

pose

s/To

tal p

opul

ation

in m

3 /y/

c.D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, B

PEH

, IN

SD

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, D

GED

A,

BPEH

, IN

S

o) D

omes

tic W

ater

W

ithdr

awal

s pe

r ca

pita

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er

with

draw

als

used

for

dom

estic

pu

rpos

es o

n a

per

pers

on b

asis

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

e of

wat

er w

ithdr

awal

s us

ed fo

r do

mes

tic p

urpo

ses/

Tot

al p

opul

ation

in m

3 /y/

c.D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, IN

SD

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, S

ON

EDE,

BP

EH, I

NS

p)Po

pula

tion

with

out

Impr

oved

Wat

er S

uppl

yTh

e to

tal p

opul

ation

with

out

impr

oved

Wat

er S

uppl

yTo

tal p

opul

ation

with

out i

mpr

oved

Wat

er S

uppl

yD

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E, IN

SD

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E, IN

S

q) P

opul

ation

with

out

Ade

quat

e Sa

nita

tion

The

tota

l pop

ulati

on w

ithou

t im

prov

ed S

anita

tion

Tota

l pop

ulati

on w

ithou

t im

prov

ed S

anita

tion

DG

GRE

E, O

NA

S,IN

SD

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

INS

4.1.

7 W

ater

&

Hea

ltha)

Dia

rrhe

a pr

eval

ence

% o

f chi

ldre

n un

der

five

suffe

ring

from

D

iarr

hea

% o

f mor

talit

y of

chi

ldre

n un

der

five

suffe

ring

fr

om D

iarr

hea

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth,

DH

MPE

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth, D

HM

PE,

INS

b)D

racu

ncul

iasi

s re

port

ed

case

sN

umbe

r of

ann

ual i

ncid

ents

of t

he

dise

ase

Num

ber

of a

nnua

l inc

iden

ts o

f the

dis

ease

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth,

DH

MPE

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth, D

HM

PE,

INS

(dis

ease

not

cur

rent

ly

mon

itore

d)

c)Ch

oler

a re

port

ed c

ases

Num

ber

of a

nnua

l inc

iden

ts o

f the

di

seas

e N

umbe

r of

ann

ual i

ncid

ents

of t

he d

isea

se

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth,

DH

MPE

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth, D

HM

PE,

INS

d)O

pen

Def

ecati

on p

racti

ceN

umbe

r of

peo

ple

who

con

tinue

to

prac

tice

open

def

ecati

on

Num

ber

of p

eopl

e w

ho c

ontin

ue to

pra

ctice

ope

n de

feca

tion

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth,

DH

MPE

M

inis

try

of

Envi

ronm

ent,

ON

AS,

IN

S

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth, D

HM

PE,

INS

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

O

NA

S


MEW

INA

e)Pe

rcen

tage

of o

pen

defe

catio

n%

of p

opul

ation

pra

ctici

ng o

pen

defe

catio

n %

of p

opul

ation

pra

ctici

ng o

pen

defe

catio

n M

inis

try

of H

ealth

, D

HM

PE

Min

istr

y of

En

viro

nmen

t, O

NA

S,

INS

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth, D

HM

PE,

INS

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

O

NA

S

f)H

epati

tis A

repo

rted

ca

ses

-Num

ber

of a

nnua

l inc

iden

ts o

f the

di

seas

e-N

umbe

r of

ann

ual i

ncid

ents

of t

he d

isea

seD

HM

PED

HM

PE

g) T

ypho

id fe

ver

repo

rted

ca

ses

-Num

ber

of a

nnua

l inc

iden

ts o

f the

di

seas

e-N

umbe

r of

ann

ual i

ncid

ents

of t

he d

isea

seD

HM

PED

HM

PE

h) C

hole

ra re

port

ed c

ases

(A

dditi

onal

)-N

umbe

r of

ann

ual i

ncid

ents

of t

he

dise

ase

-Num

ber

of a

nnua

l inc

iden

ts o

f the

dis

ease

DH

MPE

DH

MPE

4.1.

8 W

ater

&

Qua

lity

The

Wat

er

Qua

lity

Inde

xW

QI

WQ

I mea

sure

s di

ssol

ved

oxyg

en,

pH, c

ondu

ctivi

ty, t

otal

nitr

ogen

, and

to

tal p

hosp

horu

s. It

is a

n in

dica

tor

of

eutr

ophi

catio

n, n

utri

ent p

ollu

tion,

ac

idifi

catio

n, a

nd s

alin

izati

on.

WQ

I mea

sure

s di

ssol

ved

oxyg

en, p

H, c

ondu

ctivi

ty,

tota

l nitr

ogen

, and

tota

l pho

spho

rus.

WQ

I=10

0-((

F12 +F

22 +F32 )1/

2 )/1.

732

F1:%

of f

aile

d va

riab

les

(sco

pe)

F2: %

of f

aile

d te

sts

(fre

quen

cy)

F3: A

mou

nt b

y w

hich

faile

d te

sts

exce

ed

guid

elin

es (m

agni

tude

) W

QI b

etw

een

80-9

4: G

ood

WQ

I bet

wee

n 6

5-79

: Fai

r

a)D

isso

lved

oxy

gen

(D0)

Dis

solv

ed o

xyge

n is

a m

easu

re o

f fre

e (i.

e., n

ot c

hem

ical

ly c

ombi

ned)

oxy

gen

diss

olve

d in

wat

er

It c

an b

e m

easu

red

with

a d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

prob

e su

ch a

s an

oxy

gen

sens

or o

r an

opt

ode

in li

quid

m

edia

, usu

ally

wat

er. T

he s

tand

ard

unit

is

milli

gram

s pe

r lite

r (m

g/l)

or p

arts

per

milli

on

(ppm

)

DG

RE,

DH

MPE

SON

EDE

AN

PE, O

NA

S

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

b)pH

Is a

mea

sure

of t

he a

cidi

ty o

r al

kalin

ity

of a

wat

er b

ody

pH is

the

mea

sure

of a

cidi

ty o

r ba

sici

ty o

f so

lutio

ns.

Mat

hem

atica

lly, p

H is

the

nega

tive

loga

rith

m o

f th

e ac

tivity

of t

he h

ydro

nium

ion,

mor

e oft

en

expr

esse

d as

the

mea

sure

of t

he h

ydro

nium

ion

conc

entr

ation

. Th

e pH

of p

ure

wat

er is

abo

ut 7

at 2

5 °C

; thi

s va

lue

vari

es w

ith te

mpe

ratu

re.

DG

RE,

DH

MPE

SON

EDE

AN

PE, O

NA

S

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

c) E

lect

ric

Cond

uctiv

ity (E

C)Is

a m

easu

re o

f the

abi

lity

of w

ater

to

car

ry a

n el

ectr

ic c

urre

nt, w

hich

de

pend

s on

the

pres

ence

of i

ons.

In

crea

ses

in c

ondu

ctivi

ty c

an le

ad to

ch

ange

s th

at re

duce

bio

dive

rsity

and

al

ter

com

mun

ity c

ompo

sitio

n

-In m

any

case

s, c

ondu

ctivi

ty is

link

ed d

irect

ly to

th

e To

tal D

isso

lved

Sol

ids

(T.D

.S.).

Hig

h qu

ality

de

ioni

zed

wat

er h

as a

con

ducti

vity

of a

bout

5.5

μS

/m, t

ypic

al d

rink

ing

wat

er in

the

rang

e of

5-5

0 m

S/m

, whi

le s

ea w

ater

abo

ut 5

S/m

(i.e

., se

a w

ater

’s c

ondu

ctivi

ty is

one

mill

ion

times

hig

her

than

that

of d

eion

ized

wat

er).

-It is

mea

sure

d w

ith a

con

ducti

vity

met

er

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

E,

SECA

DEN

ORD

AN

PE, O

NA

S

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

E, S

ECA

DEN

ORD

AN

PE, O

NA

SCR

DA

37


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

d)N

itrog

en a

nd p

hosp

horu

sA

re n

atur

ally

occ

urri

ng e

lem

ents

es

senti

al fo

r al

l liv

ing

orga

nism

s.

Incr

ease

s in

N a

nd P

in n

atur

al w

ater

s,

larg

ely

as

a re

sult

of h

uman

acti

vitie

s in

the

drai

nage

bas

in c

an o

vere

stim

ate

plan

t gro

wth

and

cho

ke o

ff o

xyge

n su

pplie

s

-The

che

apes

t and

sim

ples

t met

hod

to a

naly

ze

wat

er s

ampl

es fo

r ph

osph

ate

and

nitr

ate

conc

entr

ation

is th

e us

e of

che

mic

al te

sts.

-T

he P

hoto

met

er w

ill a

llow

pre

cise

inte

rpre

tatio

n of

col

ors

into

mg/

l.

DG

RE, D

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

e)To

tal D

isso

lved

Sol

ids

TDS

(ppm

)To

tal D

isso

lved

Sol

ids

TDS

(ppm

)O

ven

dryi

ng w

ater

sam

ples

C

hem

ical

te

sts

DG

RE, D

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

f)Fe

cal C

holif

orm

(C

olon

ies/

100

ml)

(Add

ition

al)

Feca

l Cho

lifor

m (

Colo

nies

/100

ml)

Feca

l Cho

lifor

m

DG

RE, D

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

DG

RE, D

GAC

TAD

HM

PESO

NED

EA

NPE

, ON

AS

4.1.

9 W

ater

&

Ecos

yste

ms

a)N

umbe

r of

wet

land

s si

tes

ackn

owle

dged

by

RAM

SAR

Num

ber

of w

etla

nds

site

s ac

know

ledg

ed b

y RA

MSA

RN

umbe

r of

wet

land

s si

tes

Min

istr

y of

En

viro

nmen

t, A

NPE

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re, D

GRE

, D

GF

INS

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

A

NPE

DG

RE, D

GF,

INS

b)To

tal W

etla

nds

area

s (t

o be

cal

cula

ted

by e

arth

ob

serv

ation

tool

s)

Tota

l Wet

land

s ar

eas

Tota

l Wet

land

s ar

eas

(to

be c

alcu

late

d by

ear

th

obse

rvati

on to

ols)

in h

a.M

inis

try

of

Envi

ronm

ent,

AN

PEM

inis

try

of

Agr

icul

ture

, DG

RE,

DG

FIN

S

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

A

NPE

DG

RE, D

GF,

INS

c)To

tal F

resh

wat

er S

peci

es

Coun

tTo

tal F

resh

wat

er S

peci

es C

ount

Num

ber

DG

F, W

WF

Med

, A

NPE

DG

F, W

WF

Med

, AN

PE

d)N

umbe

r of

End

ange

red

Spec

ies

(Add

ition

al)

Num

ber

of E

ndan

gere

d Sp

ecie

sN

umbe

rD

GF,

WW

F M

ed,

AN

PED

GF,

WW

F M

ed, A

NPE

e)N

umbe

r of

Inva

sive

Sp

ecie

s(A

dditi

onal

)

Num

ber

of In

vasi

ve S

peci

esN

umbe

rD

GF,

WW

F M

ed,

AN

PED

GF,

WW

F M

ed, A

NPE

4.1.

10 W

ater

&

Clim

ate

i)Ext

rem

e W

eath

er E

vent

sf)

Floo

d ev

ents

in th

e la

st

two

deca

des

A fl

ood

is d

efine

d as

an

over

flow

of

a la

rge

amou

nt o

f wat

er b

eyon

d its

no

rmal

lim

its, e

spec

ially

ove

r w

hat i

s no

rmal

ly d

ry la

nd.

-Cos

t of A

nnua

l dam

age

indu

ced

by fl

oods

-Hum

an L

osse

sD

GRE

, IN

M, M

inis

try

of In

teri

or,

Civi

l Pr

otec

tion

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

, BP

EH,

DG

RE, C

RDA

, CN

T, C

ivil

prot

ectio

n


MEW

INA

g)Fl

ash-

flood

eve

nts

in th

e la

st tw

o de

cade

s A

flas

h flo

od is

defi

ned

as a

n ov

erflo

w

of a

larg

e am

ount

of w

ater

ove

r w

hat

is n

orm

ally

dry

land

, due

to h

eavy

ra

in.

-Cos

t of A

nnua

l dam

age

indu

ced

by fl

ash

flood

s-H

uman

Los

ses

DG

RE, I

NM

, Min

istr

y of

Inte

rior

, Ci

vil

Prot

ectio

n

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

,D

GRE

, CRD

A, C

NT

Civi

l pro

tecti

on

h)N

umbe

r of

Cla

ss 1

Flo

od

Even

tsCl

ass

1 flo

ods

are

larg

e flo

od e

vent

s ca

usin

g si

gnifi

cant

dam

age

to

stru

ctur

es o

r ag

ricu

lture

; fat

aliti

es;

and/

or 1

-2 d

ecad

es-lo

ng re

port

ed

inte

rval

sin

ce th

e la

st s

imila

r ev

ent

(Dar

tmou

th, 2

013)

Num

ber

DG

RE, I

NM

, Min

istr

y of

Inte

rior

, Ci

vil

Prot

ectio

n

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

,D

GRE

, CRD

A, C

NT

Civi

l pro

tecti

on

i) N

umbe

r of

Cla

ss 1

.5

Floo

d Ev

ents

Clas

s 1.

5 flo

ods

are

very

larg

e ev

ents

: w

ith a

gre

ater

than

2 d

ecad

es b

ut le

ss

than

100

yea

r es

timat

ed re

curr

ence

in

terv

al, a

nd/o

r a

loca

l rec

urre

nce

inte

rval

of a

t 1-2

dec

ades

and

affe

cting

a

larg

e ge

ogra

phic

regi

on (>

500

0 sq

. km

) (D

artm

outh

, 201

3)

Num

ber

DG

RE, I

NM

, Min

istr

y of

Inte

rior

, Civ

il Pr

otec

tion

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

,D

GRE

, CRD

A, C

NT

Civi

l pro

tecti

on

j)Num

ber

of C

lass

2 F

lood

Ev

ents

Clas

s 2

flood

eve

nts

are

ext

rem

e ev

ents

with

an

estim

ated

recu

rren

ce

inte

rval

gre

ater

than

100

yea

rs

(Dar

tmou

th, 2

013)

Num

ber

DG

RE, I

NM

, Min

istr

y of

Inte

rior

, Civ

il Pr

otec

tion

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

,D

GRE

, CRD

A, C

NT

Civi

l pro

tecti

on

k)D

roug

ht e

vent

s in

the

last

tw

o de

cade

sA

dro

ught

eve

nt is

a lo

ng p

erio

d of

ab

norm

ally

low

rain

fall,

esp

ecia

lly o

ne

that

adv

erse

ly a

ffect

s gr

owin

g or

livi

ng

cond

ition

s.

-Cos

t of A

nnua

l dam

age

indu

ced

by d

roug

hts

-Hum

an L

osse

sD

GRE

, IN

M, M

inis

try

of In

teri

or, C

ivil

Prot

ectio

n

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

, D

GRE

, CRD

A, C

NT

l)Unu

sual

Wea

ther

Ev

ents

(Sno

w, h

ail,

etc.

) (A

dditi

onal

)

Unu

sual

Wea

ther

Eve

nts

(Sno

w, h

ail,

etc.

)N

umbe

r/Ty

peIN

M, D

GRE

INM

, DG

RE, D

GPA

, CRD

A,

Civi

l Pro

tecti

on

m)E

xist

ence

of E

arly

W

arni

ng D

isas

ter

prev

entio

n Sy

stem

and

Yea

r of

est

ablis

hmen

t

Exis

tenc

e of

Ear

ly W

arni

ng D

isas

ter

prev

entio

n Sy

stem

and

Yea

r of

es

tabl

ishm

ent

Exis

tenc

e of

Ear

ly W

arni

ng D

isas

ter

prev

entio

n Sy

stem

and

Yea

r of

est

ablis

hmen

t (Ye

s/N

o)D

GRE

, IN

M, M

inis

try

of In

teri

or, C

ivil

Prot

ectio

n

Min

istr

y o

f Agr

icul

ture

D

GRE

, CN

T

n)Cl

imat

e Ch

ange

A

dapt

ation

: Nati

onal

A

dapt

ation

Pla

n (Y

es/N

o)

Nati

onal

Ada

ptati

on P

lan

(Yes

/No)

Nati

onal

Ada

ptati

on P

lan

(Yes

/No)

DG

RE, D

GEQ

V, O

TED

DM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re,

DG

RE,

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

AN

PE, O

TED

D

4.1.

11 W

ater

&

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ics

i)Wat

er

prod

ucti

vity

a)In

dust

rial

wat

er

prod

uctiv

ityIn

dust

rial

GD

P/(In

dust

rial

wat

er

with

draw

al),

Econ

omic

val

ue a

dded

(in

US$

) per

cub

ic m

eter

of w

ater

w

ithdr

awn

by in

dust

ry; t

he g

ross

in

dust

rial

reve

nue

divi

ded

by th

e to

tal

indu

stri

al w

ater

con

sum

ption

-Indu

stri

al G

DP/

(Indu

stri

al w

ater

with

draw

al),

- The

gro

ss in

dust

rial

reve

nue

divi

ded

by th

e to

tal

indu

stri

al w

ater

con

sum

ption

-Val

ue in

US$

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

BP

EH, I

NS,

Min

istr

y of

In

dust

ry

Min

istr

y of

Indu

stry

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, B

PEH

INS

39


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

b) A

gric

ultu

ral w

ater

pr

oduc

tivity

“Cr

op p

er

Dro

p”

Econ

omic

val

ue a

dded

in (U

S$) p

er

cubi

c m

eter

of w

ater

with

draw

n by

ag

ricu

lture

: In

othe

r w

ords

, it i

s th

e gr

oss

agri

cultu

ral r

even

ue d

ivid

ed

by th

e to

tal a

gric

ultu

ral w

ater

co

nsum

ption

(inc

ludi

ng ir

riga

tion

with

draw

als

and

rain

fed

agri

cultu

re

gree

n w

ater

con

sum

ption

).

-The

gro

ss a

gric

ultu

ral r

even

ue d

ivid

ed b

y th

e to

tal a

gric

ultu

ral w

ater

con

sum

ption

(inc

ludi

ng

irri

gatio

n w

ithdr

awal

s an

d ra

in fe

d ag

ricu

lture

gr

een

wat

er c

onsu

mpti

on).

-Val

ue in

US$

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

BPE

H,

INS,

DG

EDA

, Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, B

PEH

, CRD

AIN

S

c)Em

ploy

men

t in

Agr

icul

ture

“Jo

b pe

r D

rop”

The

ratio

of t

otal

labo

r em

ploy

ed in

A

gric

ultu

re t

o th

e to

tal w

ithdr

awal

s (in

clud

ing

irri

gatio

n w

ithdr

awal

s an

d ra

in fe

d ag

ricu

lture

gre

en w

ater

co

nsum

ption

)

-Tot

al la

bor

empl

oyed

in A

gric

ultu

re /

Tota

l w

ithdr

awal

s (in

clud

ing

irri

gatio

n w

ithdr

awal

s an

d ra

in fe

d ag

ricu

lture

gre

en w

ater

con

sum

ption

)

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

BPE

H,

INS,

DG

EDA

, Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, B

PEH

, D

GED

A C

RDA

, IN

S

d) E

mpl

oym

ent i

n In

dust

ry

“Job

per

Dro

p”Th

e ra

tio o

f tot

al la

bor

empl

oyed

in

indu

stry

to th

e to

tal i

ndus

tria

l w

ithdr

awal

s

-Tot

al la

bor

empl

oyed

in in

dust

ry /

Tota

l ind

ustr

ial

with

draw

als

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

BP

EH, I

NS,

Min

istr

y of

In

dust

ry

Min

istr

y of

Indu

stry

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E, B

PEH

, D

GED

A, C

RDA

, IN

S

ii) T

ariff

s an

d A

ffor

dabi

lity

a)W

ater

and

San

itatio

n ch

arge

s as

% o

f ave

rage

ho

useh

old

inco

me:

The

mon

thly

cha

rge

for

10 c

ubic

m

eter

s of

wat

er c

ompa

red

to th

e m

onth

ly h

ouse

hold

inco

me.

The

ho

useh

old

Inco

me

is e

stim

ated

as

five

times

the

Gro

ss N

ation

al In

com

e (G

NI)

per

capi

ta.

-GN

I per

cap

ita (f

orm

erly

GN

P pe

r ca

pita

) is

the

gros

s na

tiona

l inc

ome,

con

vert

ed to

US$

usi

ng th

e W

ord

Bank

Atla

s m

etho

d, d

ivid

ed b

y th

e m

idye

ar

popu

latio

n.G

NI i

s th

e su

m o

f val

ues

adde

d by

all

resi

dent

pr

oduc

ers

plus

any

pro

duct

taxe

s (le

ss s

ubsi

dies

) no

t inc

lude

d in

the

valu

ation

of o

utpu

t plu

s ne

t re

ceip

ts o

f pri

mar

y in

com

e (c

ompe

nsati

on o

f em

ploy

ees

and

prop

erty

inco

me)

from

abr

oad

- Mon

thly

cha

rge

for

10 c

ubic

met

ers

of w

ater

/M

onth

ly h

ouse

hold

inco

me.

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

EO

NA

S, IN

SM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re:

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

EM

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t:

ON

AS

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

Min

istr

y of

Dev

elop

men

t and

Pl

anni

ng: I

NS

b)Su

bsid

y (D

omes

tic-

Indu

stri

al-A

gric

ultu

ral)

% o

f sub

sidy

app

lied

for

diffe

rent

se

ctor

s.-%

of s

ubsi

dy a

pplie

d to

Dom

estic

sec

tor+

% o

f su

bsid

y ap

plie

d to

Indu

stri

al s

ecto

r+ %

of s

ubsi

dy

appl

ied

to A

gric

ultu

ral s

ecto

r.

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E,

DG

EDA

,D

GFI

OP,

ON

AS,

INS

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: SO

NED

E, D

GG

REE

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent:

O

NA

SM

inis

try

of In

dust

ryM

inis

try

of F

inan

ceM

inis

try

of D

evel

opm

ent a

nd

Plan

ning

: IN

S

4.1.

12 W

ater

&

Fina

nce

a)Pu

blic

exp

endi

ture

on

Wat

er re

late

d pr

ojec

tsIt

is d

efine

d as

gov

ernm

ent s

pend

ing

in w

ater

reso

urce

s in

fras

truc

ture

de

velo

pmen

t, p

lann

ing&

m

anag

emen

t, a

s w

ell a

s dr

inki

ng

wat

er s

uppl

y an

d sa

nita

tion

trea

tmen

t an

d re

use.

Inve

stm

ent i

n w

ater

and

san

itatio

n pr

ojec

ts w

ith

priv

ate

parti

cipa

tion

cove

rs in

fras

truc

ture

pro

ject

s in

wat

er a

nd s

anita

tion

that

hav

e re

ache

d fin

anci

al

clos

ure

and

dire

ctly

or

indi

rect

ly s

erve

the

publ

ic.

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

reO

NA

S, S

ON

EDE

-Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: D

GFI

OP,

DG

RE,D

GG

REE,

D

GBG

TH, D

GAC

TA, C

RDA

, SO

NED

E, S

ECA

DEN

ORD

,-M

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t:

AN

PE, O

TED

D, O

NA

S-M

inis

try

of R

egio

nal

Dev

elop

men

t and

Pla

nnin

g:

INS

-Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance


MEW

INA

b)Fo

reig

n A

id fo

r W

ater

The

sect

oria

l dis

trib

ution

of b

ilate

ral

Offi

cial

Dev

elop

men

t Ass

ista

nce

com

mitm

ents

refe

rs to

the

econ

omic

se

ctor

of d

estin

ation

.

The

sect

oria

l dis

trib

ution

of b

ilate

ral O

ffici

al

Dev

elop

men

t Ass

ista

nce

com

mitm

ents

refe

rs to

th

e ec

onom

ic s

ecto

r of

des

tinati

on, r

athe

r th

an to

th

e ty

pe o

f goo

ds o

r se

rvic

es p

rovi

ded.

The

se a

re

aggr

egat

es o

f ind

ivid

ual p

roje

cts

notifi

ed u

nder

th

e Cr

edito

r Re

porti

ng S

yste

m, s

uppl

emen

ted

by

repo

rting

on

the

sect

oria

l dis

trib

ution

of t

echn

ical

co

-ope

ratio

n, a

nd o

n ac

tual

dis

burs

emen

ts o

f foo

d an

d em

erge

ncy

aid.

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

reO

NA

S, S

ON

EDE

-Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: D

GFI

OP,

DG

RE,

DG

GRE

E,D

GBG

TH,

DG

ACTA

, CRD

A, S

ON

EDE,

SE

CAD

ENO

RD,

-Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent:

A

NPE

, OTE

DD

, ON

AS

-Min

istr

y of

Reg

iona

l D

evel

opm

ent a

nd P

lann

ing:

IN

S-M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce

c)Pe

rcen

tage

of n

ation

al

Budg

et d

irect

ed to

the

wat

er s

ecto

r (A

MCO

W)

It is

the

perc

enta

ge o

f nati

onal

bud

get

dire

cted

to a

ll w

ater

rela

ted

proj

ects

, la

bor,

and

serv

ices

. It i

nclu

des

all

wat

er u

se s

ecto

r, an

d is

not

lim

ited

to

Wat

er s

uppl

y an

d sa

nita

tion.

% o

f nati

onal

bud

get d

irect

ed to

all

wat

er re

late

d pr

ojec

ts, l

abor

, and

ser

vice

s. It

incl

udes

all

wat

er

use

sect

or.

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

reO

NA

S, S

ON

EDE

-Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: D

GFI

OP,

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

D

GBG

TH, D

GAC

TA, C

RDA

, SO

NED

E, S

ECA

DEN

ORD

,-M

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t:

AN

PE, O

TED

D, O

NA

S-M

inis

try

of R

egio

nal

Dev

elop

men

t and

Pla

nnin

g:

INS

-Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

d)Pe

rcen

tage

of n

ation

al

Budg

et d

irect

ed to

Wat

er

and

Sani

tatio

n Se

ctor

It is

the

perc

enta

ge o

f nati

onal

bud

get

dire

cted

to W

ater

and

San

itatio

n Se

ctor

pro

ject

s, la

bor,

and

serv

ices

.

%M

inis

try

of F

inan

ceM

inis

try

of

Agr

icul

ture

ON

AS,

SO

NED

E

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

ON

AS,

SO

NED

E, D

GFI

OP

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

M

inis

try

of R

egio

nal

Dev

elop

men

t and

Pla

nnin

g

e)O

pera

tion

&

Mai

nten

ance

Cos

t Re

cove

ry fo

r W

ater

Sup

ply

and

Sani

tatio

n

Is th

e su

m o

f all

tari

ffs c

olle

cted

from

al

l sub

scri

bers

to W

ater

sup

ply

and

Sani

tatio

n se

rvic

es in

one

yea

r di

vide

d by

the

tota

l ope

ratio

nal c

ost o

f wat

er

supp

ly a

nd s

anita

tion

for

the

sam

e ye

ar

-Sum

of a

ll ta

riffs

col

lect

ed fr

om a

ll su

bscr

iber

s to

Wat

er s

uppl

y an

d Sa

nita

tion

serv

ices

in o

ne

year

/To

tal o

pera

tiona

l cos

t of w

ater

sup

ply

and

sani

tatio

n fo

r th

e sa

me

year

.

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

EO

NA

SSO

NED

E, D

GG

REE,

GD

A,

ON

AS

f)Pe

rcen

t of G

DP

dire

cted

to

San

itatio

n &

Hyg

iene

Is th

e pe

rcen

t of G

DP

dire

cted

to

Sani

tatio

n &

Hyg

iene

%M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce,

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth,

ON

AS,

DH

MPE

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

, Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth,

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent,

M

inis

try

of R

egio

nal

Dev

elop

men

t and

Pla

nnin

g,

ON

AS,

DH

MPE

41


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

g) O

pera

tion

&

Mai

nten

ance

Cos

t Re

cove

ry fo

r Ir

riga

tion

Is th

e su

m o

f all

tari

ffs c

olle

cted

from

al

l far

mer

s in

one

yea

r di

vide

d by

the

tota

l ope

ratio

nal c

ost o

f irr

igati

on fo

r th

e sa

me

year

-Sum

of a

ll ta

riffs

col

lect

ed fr

om a

ll fa

rmer

s in

one

ye

ar /

Tota

l ope

ratio

nal c

ost o

f irr

igati

on fo

r th

e sa

me

year

.

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

CRD

A, G

DA

h) )

Ope

ratio

n &

M

aint

enan

ce C

ost

Reco

very

for

Indu

stry

Is th

e su

m o

f all

tari

ffs c

olle

cted

from

al

l ind

ustr

ials

in o

ne y

ear

divi

ded

by

the

tota

l ope

ratio

nal c

ost o

f ind

ustr

y fo

r th

e sa

me

year

Is th

e su

m o

f all

tari

ffs c

olle

cted

from

all

indu

stri

als

in o

ne y

ear

divi

ded

by th

e to

tal

oper

ation

al c

ost o

f ind

ustr

y fo

r th

e sa

me

year

Min

istr

y of

indu

stry

, M

inis

try

of F

inan

ceM

inis

try

of in

dust

ry, M

inis

try

of F

inan

ce

i)Pri

vate

sec

tor

inve

stm

ent

in th

e w

ater

sec

tor

and

sani

tatio

n

-Pri

vate

sec

tor

inve

stm

ent i

n th

e w

ater

sec

tor

-Pri

vate

sec

tor

inve

stm

ent i

n th

e sa

nita

tion

sect

or

-Pri

vate

sec

tor

inve

stm

ent i

n th

e w

ater

sec

tor

-Pri

vate

sec

tor

inve

stm

ent i

n th

e sa

nita

tion

sect

orM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re

(API

A, D

GFI

OP,

CR

DA

), M

inis

try

of

Envi

ronm

ent,

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

, Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, Min

istr

y of

En

viro

nmen

t

j)Cos

t of w

ater

deg

rada

tion

Cost

of w

ater

deg

rada

tion

(pol

lutio

n,

over

expl

oita

tion,

dep

letio

n, m

arin

e an

d sa

lt w

ater

intr

usio

n, w

ater

sa

liniz

ation

.

Cost

of w

ater

deg

rada

tion

(pol

lutio

n,

over

expl

oita

tion,

dep

letio

n, m

arin

e an

d sa

lt w

ater

in

trus

ion,

wat

er s

alin

izati

on

Min

istr

y of

Fin

ance

, M

inis

try

of

Agr

icul

ture

, Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent

DG

RE,B

IRH

,D

GG

REE,

CRD

A, S

ON

EDE,

SE

CAD

ENO

RD, M

inis

try

of

Inte

rior

, Min

istr

y of

Justi

ce

4.1.

13 W

ater

&

Trad

ea)

Virt

ual-w

ater

flow

s re

late

d to

trad

e in

cro

p,

anim

al, a

nd in

dust

rial

pr

oduc

ts, p

er c

ount

ry.

Will

be

limite

d to

:-A

gric

ultu

ral V

irtu

al W

ater

Ex

port

(BCM

/Yea

r)- A

gric

ultu

ral V

irtu

al W

ater

Im

port

(BCM

/Yea

r)

Tota

l infl

ow a

nd o

utflo

w o

f vir

tual

w

ater

whi

ch in

turn

is d

efine

d as

: th

e vo

lum

e of

fres

hwat

er u

sed

to

prod

uce

the

prod

uct,

mea

sure

d at

the

plac

e w

here

the

prod

uct w

as a

ctua

lly

prod

uced

(Hoe

kstr

a an

d Ch

apag

ain,

20

01)

Hoe

kstr

a an

d Ch

apag

ain

(200

1) p

rovi

ded

refe

renc

e ta

bles

that

pro

vide

the

appr

oxim

ate

volu

me

of w

ater

nee

ded

to p

rodu

ce o

ne k

ilogr

am

of d

iffer

ent c

rop,

ani

mal

, and

indu

stri

al p

rodu

cts.

Th

eref

ore,

the

volu

me

of w

ater

use

d to

pro

duce

a

cert

ain

prod

uct c

an b

e es

timat

ed b

y m

ultip

lyin

g th

ese

refe

renc

e va

lues

(or

any

sim

ilar

valu

es

prov

ided

in th

e na

tiona

l and

glo

bal l

itera

ture

) by

the

tota

l ann

ual p

rodu

ced

amou

nt o

f the

sa

me

prod

uct.

In th

e sa

me

man

ner,

it is

pos

sibl

e t e

stim

ate

the

amou

nt o

f wat

er e

mbe

dded

in

impo

rted

and

exp

orte

d pr

oduc

ts

Min

istr

y of

Tra

de

(DG

CE),

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re, D

GPA

, D

GED

A, D

GG

REE,

IN

RGRE

F, IR

ESA

, D

GRE

.

Min

istr

y of

Tra

deM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re:

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

, GD

GPA

, D

GED

A, I

RESA

, IN

RGRE

F

4.1.

14 W

ater

&

Gov

erna

nce

a)IW

RM p

lan

in p

lace

(Yes

/N

o)A

nati

onal

pla

n de

dica

ted

entir

ely

to

wat

er re

sour

ces,

with

mor

e th

an 3

en

tities

invo

lved

, and

with

all

wat

er

use

sect

ors

addr

esse

d co

uld

qual

ify a

s a

natio

nal I

WRM

-IWRM

pla

n in

pla

ce (Y

es/N

o)D

GRE

, BPE

HM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re:

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

DG

BGTH

, SE

CAD

ENO

RD, S

ON

EDE,

BP

EHM

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t:

AN

PE, O

TED

D, O

NA

S

b)Ex

iste

nce

of N

ation

al

Wat

er a

nd S

anita

tion

M&

E,&

R S

yste

m (A

MCO

W)

Exis

tenc

e of

Nati

onal

Wat

er a

nd

Sani

tatio

n M

&E,

& R

Sys

tem

(AM

COW

)-N

ation

al W

ater

and

San

itatio

n M

&E,

& R

Sys

tem

(A

MCO

W) i

n pl

ace

(Yes

/No)

DG

RE, B

PEH

All

stak

ehol

ders

All

user

s(n

o na

tiona

l sys

tem

)

c) S

urfa

ce W

ater

Per

mits

Is

sued

to D

ate

Sur

face

Wat

er P

erm

its Is

sued

to D

ate

Num

ber

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

AD

GRE

, BIR

H, C

RDA

d) T

otal

Vol

umet

ric

Righ

ts

Ass

osci

ated

with

sur

face

W

ater

Per

mits

d) T

otal

Vol

umet

ric

Righ

ts A

ssoc

iate

d w

ith s

urfa

ce W

ater

Per

mits

MCM

/Yea

rD

GRE

, BIR

H, C

RDA

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

A


MEW

INA

e) V

olum

e as

soci

ated

with

su

rfac

e W

ater

per

mits

as

a Pe

rcen

t of A

nnua

l Blu

e Su

rfac

e W

ater

With

draw

als

e) V

olum

e as

soci

ated

with

sur

face

W

ater

per

mits

as

a Pe

rcen

t of A

nnua

l Bl

ue S

urfa

ce W

ater

With

draw

als

%D

GRE

, BIR

H, C

RDA

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

A

f)W

ater

Rig

hts/

Year

Num

ber

of o

ffici

ally

aut

hori

zed

wat

er

righ

ts p

erm

its fo

r be

nefic

ial u

sage

by

indi

vidu

als

or e

ntitie

s, a

nd e

quiv

alen

t %

of t

otal

ann

ual v

olum

e di

stri

bute

d.

Num

ber

of o

ffici

ally

aut

hori

zed

wat

er r

ight

s fo

r be

nefic

ial u

sage

by

indi

vidu

als

or e

ntitie

s.D

GRE

(BIR

H),

BPEH

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

:D

GRE

, BI

RH, D

GG

REE,

CRD

A

d)G

roun

dwat

er w

ell

perm

its i

ssue

d to

dat

e (N

umbe

r)

Num

ber

of o

ffici

ally

aut

hori

zed

regi

ster

ed s

hallo

w o

r de

ep w

ells

for

bene

ficia

l usa

ge b

y in

divi

dual

s or

en

tities

.

-Num

ber

of o

ffici

ally

aut

hori

zed

shal

low

or

deep

w

ells

for

bene

ficia

l usa

ge b

y in

divi

dual

s or

enti

ties.

DG

RE (B

IRH

), CR

DA

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

:D

GRE

, BI

RH, C

RDA

e)To

tal V

olum

etri

c W

ater

Ri

ghts

Ass

ocia

ted

with

Wel

l Pe

rmits

To

tal V

olum

etri

c W

ater

Rig

hts

Ass

ocia

ted

with

Wel

l Per

mits

MCM

/Yea

rD

GRE

(BIR

H),

CRD

AM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re:

DG

RE ,

BIRH

, CRD

A

f)To

tal V

olum

e as

soci

ated

w

ith w

ell p

erm

its a

s a

perc

ent o

f Ann

ual B

lue

Gro

undw

ater

Abs

trac

tions

Tota

l Vol

ume

asso

ciat

ed w

ith w

ell

perm

its a

s a

perc

ent o

f Ann

ual B

lue

Gro

undw

ater

Abs

trac

tions

MCM

/Yea

rD

GRE

(BIR

H),

CRD

AM

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re:

DG

RE ,

BIRH

, CRD

A

g)N

umbe

r of

unl

icen

sed

wel

ls

Num

ber

of u

nlic

ense

d w

ells

N

umbe

rD

GRE

(BIR

H),C

RDA

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

:D

GRE

, BI

RH, C

RDA

h)Ir

riga

tion

and

drai

nage

re

late

d Co

mpl

aint

s as

a

perc

enta

ge o

f irr

igati

on

Wat

er U

sers

Ann

ual n

umbe

r of

com

plai

nts

that

re

late

dire

ctly

to ir

riga

tion

issu

esN

umbe

r/Ye

ar

-Ann

ual n

umbe

r of

com

plai

nts

that

rela

te d

irect

ly

to ir

riga

tion

issu

es -N

umbe

r of

reso

lved

Irri

gatio

n co

mpl

aint

s

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

:D

GG

REE

, CRD

A

i)Wat

er s

uppl

y an

d Sa

nita

tion

rela

ted

Com

plai

nts

as a

per

cent

age

of S

ervi

ced

Hou

seho

lds

Ann

ual n

umbe

r of

com

plai

nts

that

re

late

dire

ctly

to w

ater

sup

ply

and

sani

tatio

n se

rvic

es.

Num

ber/

Year

-Ann

ual n

umbe

r of

com

plai

nts

that

rela

te d

irect

ly

to w

ater

sup

ply

and

sani

tatio

n se

rvic

es-N

umbe

r of

reso

lved

Wat

er S

uppl

y an

d Sa

nita

tion

com

plai

nts

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E,

CRD

AO

NA

S

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: D

GG

REE,

SON

EDE,

DG

RE, C

RDA

Min

istr

y of

Env

ironm

ent:

O

NA

S, A

NPE

j)Num

ber

of W

ater

Sup

ply

Met

ers

Inst

alle

d as

a

Perc

ent o

f Tot

al N

umbe

r of

Co

vere

d H

ouse

hold

s

Num

ber

of W

ater

Sup

ply

Met

ers

Inst

alle

d as

a P

erce

nt o

f Tot

al N

umbe

r of

Cov

ered

Hou

seho

lds

%D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

ED

GG

REE,

SON

EDE

k)N

umbe

r of

Gro

undw

ater

M

eter

s In

stal

led

as a

pe

rcen

t of S

ervi

ced

Hou

seho

lds

Num

ber

of G

roun

dwat

er M

eter

s In

stal

led

as a

per

cent

of S

ervi

ced

Hou

seho

lds

%D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

DG

RED

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E, D

GRE

l)Num

ber

of S

urfa

ce

Irri

gatio

n M

eter

s In

stal

led

as a

% o

f Sur

face

Irri

gatio

n W

ater

Per

mits

Num

ber

of S

urfa

ce Ir

riga

tion

Met

ers

Inst

alle

d as

a %

of S

urfa

ce Ir

riga

tion

Wat

er P

erm

its

%D

GG

REE,

DG

RE, B

IRH

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

, BIR

H

43


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

m)P

hysi

cal D

omes

tic W

ater

Lo

sses

Phys

ical

Dom

estic

Wat

er L

osse

s%

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

ESO

NED

E, D

GG

REE

M1

)Cor

rupti

on in

the

wat

er s

ecto

rCo

rrup

tion

in th

e w

ater

sec

tor:

-A

nnua

l num

ber

of il

lega

l dri

lling

, ill

egal

tapp

ing

wat

er, w

ater

theft

.

Corr

uptio

n in

the

wat

er s

ecto

r:

-Ann

ual n

umbe

r of

ille

gal d

rilli

ng w

orks

, ille

gal

tapp

ing

wat

er, w

ater

theft

.

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

BPE

HD

GRE

,BIR

H,

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

, SO

NED

E,

SECA

DEN

ORD

, Min

istr

y of

In

teri

or, M

inis

try

of Ju

stice

M2)

Nati

onal

str

ateg

y of

G

roun

dwat

er P

rese

rvati

on

Nati

onal

str

ateg

y of

Gro

undw

ater

Pr

eser

vatio

n in

pla

ce (y

es/n

o): a

na

tiona

l pla

n de

dica

ted

entir

ely

to

grou

ndw

ater

reso

urce

s, w

ith m

ore

than

3 e

ntitie

s in

volv

ed, a

nd w

ith a

ll gr

ound

wat

er u

se s

ecto

rs a

ddre

ssed

co

uld

qual

ify a

s a

natio

nal s

trat

egy

of

GW

P.

Nati

onal

str

ateg

y of

Gro

undw

ater

Pre

serv

ation

in

plac

e (y

es/n

o): a

nati

onal

pla

n de

dica

ted

entir

ely

to g

roun

dwat

er re

sour

ces,

with

mor

e th

an 3

en

tities

invo

lved

, and

with

all

grou

ndw

ater

use

se

ctor

s ad

dres

sed

coul

d qu

alify

as

a na

tiona

l st

rate

gy o

f GW

P.(A

rtific

ial r

echa

rge,

wat

er c

ode,

Par

ticip

ator

y w

ater

man

agem

ent,

etc

.)

DG

RE, B

IRH

, DG

GRE

E,

BPEH

DG

RE, B

IRH

, BPE

H

M 3

)Dat

abas

e na

tura

l di

sast

ers

Nati

onal

dat

abas

e na

tura

l dis

aste

rs in

pl

ace

(Yes

or

no)

Nati

onal

dat

abas

e na

tura

l dis

aste

rs in

pla

ce (Y

es

or n

o)IN

M, D

GAC

TA, D

GRE

, Ci

vil P

rote

ction

, M

inis

try

of In

teri

or,

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re, M

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t,

Min

istr

y of

Equ

ipm

ent

INM

, DG

ACTA

, DG

RE,

Civi

l Pro

tecti

on, M

inis

try

of In

teri

or, M

inis

try

of

Agr

icul

ture

, Min

istr

y of

En

viro

nmen

t, M

inis

try

of

Equi

pmen

t

M 4

)Mon

itori

ng a

nd

prev

entio

n sy

stem

of r

isks

re

late

d to

wat

er

-Mon

itori

ng s

yste

m o

f ris

ks re

late

d to

wat

er-P

reve

ntion

sys

tem

of r

isks

rela

ted

to

wat

er

-Mon

itori

ng s

yste

m o

f ris

ks re

late

d to

wat

er-P

reve

ntion

sys

tem

of r

isks

rela

ted

to w

ater

DG

ACTA

, DG

RE, I

NM

, Ci

vil P

rote

ction

, M

inis

try

of In

teri

or,

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re, M

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t,

Min

istr

y of

Equ

ipm

ent

DG

ACTA

,DG

RE, I

NM

, Ci

vil P

rote

ction

, Min

istr

y of

Inte

rior

, Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re, M

inis

try

of

Envi

ronm

ent,

Min

istr

y of

Eq

uipm

ent

M 5

)Nati

onal

str

ateg

y fo

r th

e co

nser

vatio

n of

soi

l and

w

ater

in p

lace

: (Ye

s or

No)

% o

f dev

elop

ed a

rea

agai

nst e

rosi

on,

com

pare

d to

the

tota

l agr

icul

tura

l la

nd (%

)

(All

man

aged

acti

ons/

Tota

l agr

icul

tura

l are

a)D

GAC

TAD

GAC

TA

Rate

of a

reas

whi

ch w

ere

the

subj

ect

of p

rese

rvati

on a

nd c

onso

lidati

on,

with

resp

ect t

o al

l dev

elop

ed a

rea

agai

nst e

rosi

on (%

)

(All

cons

olid

ation

and

pre

serv

ation

acti

ons/

Tota

l de

velo

ped

area

aga

inst

ero

sion

) D

GAC

TAD

GAC

TA

Redu

ction

of w

ater

loss

es r

unoff

(%) i

n th

e de

velo

pmen

t are

a ag

ains

t ero

sion

Re

ducti

on o

f wat

er lo

sses

run

off (%

) in

the

deve

lope

d ar

ea a

gain

st e

rosi

onD

GAC

TA ,

DG

RE, B

PEH

DG

ACTA

, DG

RE


MEW

INA

M 6

)Nati

onal

exp

ertis

e in

the

field

of w

ater

and

sa

nita

tion

Eval

uatio

n of

Nati

onal

exp

ertis

e in

th

e fie

ld o

f wat

er a

nd s

anita

tion

in a

gi

ven

year

(exp

erts

, con

sulti

ng fi

rms,

co

mpa

nies

, cor

pora

tions

, etc

.)

Eval

uatio

n of

nati

onal

exp

ertis

e in

the

field

of

wat

er a

nd s

anita

tion

in a

giv

en y

ear

(exp

erts

, co

nsul

ting

firm

s, c

ompa

nies

, cor

pora

tions

, etc

.)

BPEH

, DG

REBP

EH, D

GRE

n) O

vera

ll W

ater

Use

Effi

cien

cyTh

e ra

tio o

f the

diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

the

tota

l with

draw

als

from

ori

gina

l so

urce

s (s

urfa

ce w

ater

, ren

ewab

le

and

non-

rene

wab

le g

roun

dwat

er,

and

desa

linat

ed w

ater

) and

the

was

tew

ater

and

dra

inag

e flo

ws

to th

e w

ithdr

awal

s fr

om O

rigi

nal S

ourc

es

expr

esse

d as

a p

erce

ntag

e.

100*

((W

ithdr

awal

s fr

om o

rigi

nal S

ourc

es-

Was

tew

ater

and

Dra

inag

e ou

tflo

ws)

/With

draw

als

from

Ori

gina

l Sou

rces

)

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

ON

AS

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

CRD

A

o)W

ater

Sus

tain

abili

ty/

Dep

letio

n In

dex

The

ratio

of t

he to

tal w

ithdr

awal

s fr

om

orig

inal

sou

rces

incl

udin

g gr

een

wat

er

cons

umpti

ons

by ra

infe

d ag

ricu

lture

to

the

tota

l ren

ewab

le w

ater

reso

urce

s (B

lue

and

Gre

en W

ater

).

%D

GRE

, DG

GRE

E,

SON

EDE

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

CRD

A

p)W

aste

wat

er a

nd D

rain

age

Outf

low

sW

aste

wat

er a

nd A

gric

ultu

ral D

rain

age

flow

ing

out o

f the

sys

tem

.

BCM

/Yea

rD

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

DG

RED

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

DG

RE, C

RDA

q)Tr

ansb

ound

ary

Was

tew

ater

and

Dra

inag

e O

utflo

ws

Was

tew

ater

and

Agr

icul

tura

l Dra

inag

e flo

win

g ou

t of t

he c

ount

ry’s

bor

ders

.

BCM

/Yea

rD

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

DG

RED

GG

REE,

ON

AS,

DG

RE, C

RDA

r)Co

mm

erci

al W

ater

Los

ses

Com

mer

cial

Wat

er L

osse

s

BCM

/Yea

rSO

NED

E, D

GG

REE,

D

GBG

TH,

SECA

DEN

ORD

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E, D

GBG

TH,

SECA

DEN

ORD

s)Ph

ysic

al Ir

riga

tion

Wat

er

Loss

esPh

ysic

al Ir

riga

tion

Wat

er L

osse

sBC

M/Y

ear

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

CRD

A

t)N

umbe

r of

Wat

er re

late

d ci

tatio

ns (W

ater

Law

s En

forc

emen

t)N

umbe

r of

Wat

er re

late

d ci

tatio

ns

(Wat

er L

aws

Enfo

rcem

ent)

Num

ber

DG

AJ,

DG

RE, B

IRH

, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

AN

PE, O

NA

S

DG

AJ,

DG

RE, B

IRH

, DG

GRE

E,

SON

EDE,

AN

PE, O

NA

S

u)N

umbe

r of

Wat

er U

sers

A

ssoc

iatio

nsN

umbe

r of

Wat

er U

sers

Ass

ocia

tions

Num

ber

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

CRD

A

v)W

ater

Use

rs A

ssoc

iatio

ns

Agr

icul

tura

l Lan

d Co

vera

ge

Wat

er U

sers

Ass

ocia

tions

Agr

icul

tura

l La

nd C

over

age

% o

f Agr

icul

tura

l Lan

dD

GG

REE

DG

GRE

E, C

RDA

4.1.

15 W

ater

&

Iner

natio

nal

Rela

tions

a)Tr

ansb

ound

ary

wat

er

bodi

es’ d

epen

denc

y Ra

tioTh

e pe

rcen

t of a

nnua

l vol

umes

ab

stra

cted

from

tran

sbou

ndar

y w

ater

bo

dies

to to

tal a

nnua

l ava

ilabl

e w

ater

re

sour

ces.

-Ann

ual v

olum

es a

bstr

acte

d fr

om tr

ansb

ound

ary

wat

er b

odie

s /T

otal

ann

ual a

vaila

ble

wat

er

reso

urce

s.

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, B

PEH

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH, C

RDA

45


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

b)Sh

ared

Wat

ers

rela

ted

Bila

tera

l/M

ultil

ater

al

Agr

eem

ents

and

/or

M

oU a

nd C

oope

ratio

n M

echa

nism

s.

The

num

ber

of B

ilate

ral/

Mul

tilat

eral

A

gree

men

ts a

nd/o

r M

oU a

nd

Coop

erati

on M

echa

nism

s a

parti

cula

r co

untr

y is

invo

lved

in. T

hese

ag

reem

ents

sho

uld

be s

olel

y in

tend

ed

to tr

ansb

ound

ary

wat

er

-Num

ber

of M

ultil

ater

al/

Bila

tera

l Agr

eem

ents

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re: D

CI,

DG

RE, D

GBG

THM

inis

try

of F

orei

gn

Affa

irs

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: DCI

, D

GRE

, DG

BGTH

Min

istr

y of

Fo

reig

n A

ffairs

.

c)N

umbe

r of

rip

aria

ns

shar

ing

all s

hare

d w

ater

bo

dies

Num

ber

of r

ipar

ian’

s sh

arin

g al

l sha

red

wat

er b

odie

sN

umbe

r of

rip

aria

n’s

in e

ach

wat

er b

ody

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re:

DG

RE,

BIRH

, IN

S

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

: D

GRE

, BIR

H, I

NS

d) N

umbe

r of

Sha

red

Wat

er

Reso

urce

sN

umbe

r of

Sha

red

Wat

er R

esou

rces

Num

ber

of S

hare

d W

ater

Res

ourc

esD

GRE

DG

RE

Num

ber o

f N

atio

nal S

OW

indi

cato

rs: 1

48 (i

n bl

ack

colo

r in

Tabl

e 6)

Num

ber o

f A

dditi

onal

Spe

cific

indi

cato

rs: 3

1 (in

red

colo

r in

tabl

e 6)

Tota

l Num

ber o

f N

atio

nal S

OW

indi

cato

rs: 1

79 in

dica

tors


MEW

INA

Selected National & Country Specific SOW Indicators:

The review and analysis of all the listed indicators enable the selection of the following set:

(Definitions, Methodology, Institutions in charge of measuring and/or estimating the indicator and Source of data are given in table 6.

Table 7. A new selected set of National SOW indicators for TunisiaNo. Code Water Related Indicators Units

* 1 Water & Availability

1 1-1 Annual Spatially Averaged Precipitation Depth MM/Year

2 1-2 Annual Precipitation Volume BCM/Year

* * Blue Water

3 1-3 Internal Renewable Surface Water (IRSW) BCM/Year

4 1-4 Internal Renewable Groundwater (IRG) BCM/Year

5 1-5Total Internal Renewable Blue Water Resources

(TIRBWR)=(IRSW+IRG) BCM/Year

6 1-6 External Surface Water Inflow (ESWI) BCM/Year

7 1-7 External Surface Water Outflow (ESWO) BCM/Year

8 1-8 External Groundwater Inflow (EGI) BCM/Year

9 1-9 External Groundwater outflow (EGO) BCM/Year

10 1-10Total External Renewable Blue Water Resources

Inflow(TERBWR)=(ESWI+EGI) BCM/Year

11 1-11Total Renewable Blue Surface Water

(TRBSW)=(IRSW)+(ESWI)-(ESWO) BCM/Year

12 1-12Total Renewable Blue Groundwater

(TRBG)=(IRG)+(EGI)-(EGO) BCM/Year

13 1-13Overlap between Surface Water and Groundwater

(OSWG) BCM/Year

14 1-14Total Renewable Blue Water Resources

(TRBWR)=(TRBSW)+(TRBG)-(OSWG) BCM/Year

15 1-15 Total Exploitable Non-Renewable Groundwater (TNRG) BCM/Year

16 1-16 Total Blue Water Resources (TBWR) BCM/Year

* * Green Water

17 1-17 Water for Rain-fed Agricultural Consumption BCM/Year

18 1-18 Water for Rain-fed Pasture Consumption BCM/Year

19 1-19 Water for Rain-fed Forest Consumption BCM/Year

20 1-20 Total Renewable Green Water Resources (TRGWR) BCM/Year

21 1-21Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR)=(TRBWR+TRGWR) BCM/Year

22 1-22Total Conventional Water Resources (TCWR)= TRWR+TNRG = TBWR+TRGWR BCM/Year

* * Non-Conventional Water

23 1-23 Produced Municipal Wastewater (PMW) BCM/Year

24 1-24 Produced Industrial Wastewater (PIW) BCM/Year

25 1-25 Produced Agricultural Drainage (PAD) BCM/Year

47


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

26 1-26 Produced Desalinated Water (PDW) BCM/Year

27 1-27Total Non-Conventional Water Resources (TNCWR)=

(PMW)+(PIW)+(PAD)+(PDW) BCM/Year

28 1-28Total Available Water Resources (TAWR) = TCWR+TNCWR BCM/Year

* 2 Water & Uses

29 2-1 Withdrawals for Domestic Water Use BCM/Year

30 2-2 Withdrawals for Industrial Water Use BCM/Year

31 2-3 Withdrawals for Agricultural Water Use BCM/Year

32 2-4 Annual Total Water Withdrawals BCM/Year

33 2-5 Green Water Consumption for Agriculture Water Use BCM/Year

34 2-6 Total Agricultural Water Uses BCM/Year

35 2-7 Withdrawals from Blue Surface Water BCM/Year

36 2-8 Withdrawals from Blue Renewable Groundwater BCM/Year

37 2-9 Withdrawals from Blue Non-Renewable Groundwater BCM/Year

38 2-10 Total Withdrawals from Blue Water BCM/Year

39 2-11 Agricultural Drainage Water Reuse BCM/Year

41 2-13Total Withdrawals from Non-Conventional Water Resources BCM/Year

43 2-15 Greenwater Consumption for Livestock Fodder Water Use BCM/Year

47 2-19 Bottled Water Production BCM/Year

* 3 Water & Land Use Changes

50 3-1 Total Irrigated Agricultural Land ha

51 3-2 Total Rain-fed Agricultural Land ha

52 3-3 Total Pasture Land ha

53 3-4 Total Forests Land ha

54 3-5 Urban Encroachment on Green Cover ha lost/Year

* *Impact of Urban Encroachment on water Resources (Indicators listed below)

55 3-6 Decrease in Groundwater Recharge BCM/Year

56 3-7 Decrease in Water Consumptions of Green Cover BCM/Year

57 3-8 Increase in Surface Runoff BCM/Year

58 3-9 Increase in Domestic Water Withdrawals BCM/Year

* 4 Water & Services

* * Water Coverage and Accessibility

59 4-1 Improved Urban Water Supply Coverage %

60 4-2 Improved Rural Water Supply Coverage %

61 4-3 Improved Urban Sanitation Coverage %

62 4-4 Improved Rural Sanitation Coverage %

63 4-5 Improved Water Supply Coverage %

64 4-6 Improved Sanitation Coverage %

* * Water Infrastructure

65 4-7 Length of Water Supply Networks km

66 4-8 Length of Sewage Networks km


MEW

INA

67 4-9 Length of Irrigation Networks km

68 4-10 Length of Drainage Networks km

69 4-11 Dam Storage Capacity BCM

70 4-12 Water Supply Capacity BCM/Year

71 4-13 Desalination Capacity BCM/Year

72 4-14 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Capacity BCM/Year

73 4-15 Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity BCM/Year

74 4-16 Wastewater Collection Capacity BCM/Year

* 5 Water & Energy

76 5-1 Electricity Generated Using Hydropower GWh/Year

77 5-2 Hydropower as % of Total Generated Electricity %

78 5-3 Installed Hydropower Capacity MW

79 5-4 Water Used to Generate Electricity BCM/Year

* 6 Water & Population

80 6-1 Total Population 1000 inhabitants

81 6-2 Internal Renewable Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita/Year

82 6-3 Total Renewable Blue Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita/Year

83 6-4 Total Renewable Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita/Year

84 6-5 Total Available Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita/Year

85 6-6 Blue Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita/Year

86 6-7 Green Water Use Per Capita CM/capita/Year

87 6-8 Total Water Consumption Per Capita CM/capita/Year

88 6-9 Agricultural Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita/Year

89 6-10 Industrial Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita/Year

90 6-11 Domestic Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita/Year

91 6-12 Population Without Improved Water Supply 1000 inhabitants

92 6-13 Population Without Improved Sanitation 1000 inhabitants

* 7 Water & Health

93 7-1 Diarrhea Prevalence %

94 7-2 Dracunculiasis Reported Cases %

95 7-3 Open Defecation Practice Number

96 7-4 Percentage of Open Defecation %

97 7-5 Cholera Reported Cases Number/Year

98 7-6 Typhoid Reported Cases Number/Year

99 7-7 Hepatitis A Reported Cases Number/Year

* 8 Water & Quality

100 8-1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) PPM

101 8-2 pH Dimensionless

102 8-3 Electric Conductivity (EC) 1/OHM (S/M)

103 8-4 Nitrogen Concentration PPM

104 8-5 Phosphorous Concentration PPM

105 8-6 Total Dissolved Solids PPM

106 8-7 Fecal Choliform Colonies/100ML

49


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

* 9 Water & Ecosystems

111 9-1 Number of Wetlands Sites Acknowledged by RAMSAR Number

112 9-2 Total Wetlands Areas ha

113 9-3 Total Freshwater Species Count Number

114 9-4 Number of Endangered Species Number

115 9-5 Number of Invasive Species Number

* 10 Water & Climate

* * Extreme Weather Events

116 10-1 Number of Class 1 Flood Events Number

117 10-2 Number of Class 1.5 Flood Events Number

118 10-3 Number of Class 2 Flood Events Number

120 10-5 Drought Events Number

121 10-6 Cost of Annual Damage Caused by Floods $ - % of GDP

122 10-7 Cost of Annual Damage Caused by Droughts $ - % of GDP

123 10-8 Annual Human Losses Related to Floods Number

124 10-9 Annual Human Losses Related to Droughts Number

125 10-10 Unusual Weather Events (Snow, Hail,……) Number/Type

126 10-11 National Climate Change Adaptation Plan Yes/No

* 11 Water & Socio-Economics

* * Water Productivity

127 11-1 Industrial Water Productivity $/CM

128 11-2 Agricultural Water Productivity “Crop Per Drop” $/CM

129 11-3 Employment in Agriculture “Job Per Drop” Jobs/MCM

129 11-4 Employment in Industry “Job Per Drop” Jobs/MCM

* * Tariffs and Affordability

131 11-5Water and Sanitation Charges as % of Average

Household Income %

* 12 Water & Finance

132 12-1Percentage of National Budget Directed to Water & Sanitation Sector %

133 12-2Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Water Supply and Sanitation %

134 12-3 Percent of GDP Directed to Sanitation & Hygiene %

135 12-4 Foreign Aid for Water & Sanitation Million US$

136 12-5 Operation& Maintenance Cost Recovery for Irrigation %

* 13 Water & Trade

140 13-1 Agricultural Virtual Water Export BCM/Year

141 13-2 Agricultural Virtual Water Import BCM/Year


MEW

INA

* 14 Water & Governance

142 14-1 IWRM Plan Yes/No

143 14-2 National Water and Sanitation M&E & R System Yes/No

144 14-3 Surface Water Permits Issued to Date Number

145 14-4Total Volumetric Rights Assosciated with surface Water Permits BCM/Year

146 14-5Volume associated with surface Water permits as a Percent of Annual Blue Surface Water Withdrawals %

147 14-6 Groundwater Well Permits Issued to Date Number

148 14-7Total Volumetric Water Rights Associated with Well Permits BCM/Year

149 14-8Total Volume associated with well permits as a percent of Annual Blue Groundwater Abstractions %

150 14-9 Number of unlicensed wells Number

151 14-10Irrigation & Drainage Related Complaints as a percentage of Irrigation Water Users Number/Year

152 14-11Water supply and Sanitation Related Complaints as a percentage of Serviced Households Number/Year

153 14-12Number of Water Supply Meters Installed as a Percent of Total Number of Covered Households %

154 14-13Number of Groundwater Meters Installed as a percent of Serviced Households Number

155 14-14Number of Surface Irrigation Meters Installed as a % of Surface Irrigation Water Permits %

156 14-15 Physical Domestic Water Losses BCM/Year

157 14-16 Overall Water Use Efficiency %

158 14-17 Water Sustainability/ Depletion Index %

159 14-18 Wastewater and Drainage Outflows BCM/Year

160 14-19 Transboundary Wastewater and Drainage Outflows BCM/Year

161 14-20 Commercial Water Losses BCM/Year

162 14-21 Physical Irrigation Water Losses BCM/Year

163 14-22Number of Water related citations (Water Laws Enforcement) Number

164 14-23 Number of Water Users Associations Number

165 14-24 Water Users Associations Agricultural Land Coverage % of Ag. Land

* 15 Water & International Relations

166 15-1 Transboundary Water Dependency Ratio %

167 15-2

Shared Waters related Bilateral/ Multilateral Agreements and/or Memorandums of Understanding and Cooperation Mechanisms Number

168 15-4 Number of Riparians sharing all shared water bodies Number

169 15-6 Number of Shared Water Resources Number

This selected new set of National & Country Specific SOW Indicators includes: 98 Primary indicators, 32 Secondary Derived Indicators, and 22 Specific Indicators.

We will develop in the following pages, these National & Country Specific SOW Indicators, with their 2012 values and their corresponding historical data.

51


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

3.2.

Sha

red

Aqu

ifer S

OW

Ind

icat

ors

The

Nor

th W

este

rn S

ahar

a A

quife

r Sys

tem

(NW

SAS)

is sh

ared

by

Alg

eria

, Lib

ya a

nd T

unisi

a.

Thi

s se

ctio

n pr

esen

ts th

e fu

ll lis

t of

indi

cato

rs u

sed,

with

thei

r de

finiti

on, t

he m

etho

dolo

gy to

mea

sure

, est

imat

e an

d re

port

val

ue, a

nd th

e in

stitu

tions

in c

harg

e of

mea

surin

g an

d/or

est

imat

ing

the

indi

cato

r.

Tabl

e 8.

A s

elec

ted

set o

f NW

SAS

SOW

indi

cato

rsW

hole

Aqu

ifer

Indi

cato

rsU

nits

Defi

niti

onM

etho

dolo

gy to

mea

sure

, esti

mat

e an

d re

port

val

ueIn

stitu

tion

in

char

geSo

urce

of

data

Wat

er &

Ava

ilabi

lity

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le

Gro

undw

ater

(IRG

)BC

M/Y

ear

IRG

: G

roun

dwat

er R

echa

rge

is th

e to

tal v

olum

e of

wat

er

ente

ring

und

ergr

ound

sou

rces

of

wat

er (t

ypic

ally

aqu

ifers

) w

ithin

a c

ount

ry’s

bor

ders

fr

om e

ndog

enou

s (in

tern

al)

prec

ipita

tion

and

surf

ace

wat

er

flow

(FAO

)

If no

t mea

sure

d, IR

G c

an b

e es

timat

ed b

y hy

drol

ogic

al

mod

elin

g (P

hysi

cally

-Bas

ed D

istr

ibut

ed M

odel

s): P

reco

rds,

So

il ty

pe m

aps,

Lan

d us

e m

aps,

Irri

gatio

n an

d dr

aina

ge

map

s, E

TP in

puts

, Sur

face

run

off a

nd c

atch

men

t out

lets

, Re

char

ge o

f gro

undw

ater

aqu

ifers

by

prec

ipita

tion.

Gro

undw

ater

rech

arge

from

Sur

face

wat

er fl

ows

can

eith

er

be e

stim

ated

from

obs

erva

tion

wel

ls o

r m

odel

ed th

roug

h Su

rfac

e-G

roun

dwat

er C

oupl

ed m

odel

s.

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Tota

l Exp

loita

ble

Non

-Re

new

able

Gro

und

Wat

er R

esou

rces

BCM

/Yea

rTh

e an

nual

ext

ract

able

am

ount

of

non

-ren

ewab

le g

roun

dwat

er

acco

rdin

g to

a p

re s

peci

fied

safe

yi

eld

that

is d

icta

ted

by a

pre

sp

ecifi

ed s

usta

inab

ility

per

iod

(x

num

ber

of y

ears

).

TEN

RGW

R ca

n be

esti

mat

ed b

y hy

drol

ogic

al m

odel

ing

(Phy

sica

lly-B

ased

Dis

trib

uted

Mod

els)

: P re

cord

s, S

oil t

ype

map

s, L

and

use

map

s, Ir

riga

tion

and

drai

nage

map

s, E

TP

inpu

ts, S

urfa

ce r

unoff

and

cat

chm

ent o

utle

ts, R

echa

rge

of

grou

ndw

ater

aqu

ifers

by

prec

ipita

tion,

Sat

ellit

e im

ager

y.G

roun

dwat

er re

char

ge fr

om S

urfa

ce w

ater

flow

s ca

n ei

ther

be

esti

mat

ed fr

om o

bser

vatio

n w

ells

or

mod

eled

thro

ugh

Surf

ace-

Gro

undw

ater

Cou

pled

mod

els.

Th

e TE

NRG

WR

extr

acta

ble

annu

ally

, acc

ordi

ng to

a

pre

spec

ified

saf

e yi

eld,

is d

icta

ted

by a

pre

spe

cifie

d su

stai

nabi

lity

peri

od (x

num

ber

of y

ears

).

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Coun

try’

s A

rea

Insi

de

The

Aqu

ifer

km2

(Map

ped)

Coun

try’

s A

rea

insi

de th

e Sh

ared

A

quife

rM

appe

d D

GRE

, CM

CRD

A, D

GRE

, O

SS

Pote

ntial

Vol

ume

for

Each

Cou

ntry

BCM

Coun

try’

s Po

tenti

al G

roun

dwat

er

Volu

me

insi

de th

e Sh

ared

A

quife

r

Can

be

estim

ated

by

hydr

olog

ical

mod

elin

g (P

hysi

cally

-Ba

sed

Dis

trib

uted

Mod

els)

: P re

cord

s, S

oil t

ype

map

s, L

and

use

map

s, Ir

riga

tion

and

drai

nage

map

s, E

TP in

puts

, Sur

face

ru

noff

and

cat

chm

ent o

utle

ts, R

echa

rge

of g

roun

dwat

er

aqui

fers

by

prec

ipita

tion,

Sat

ellit

e im

ager

y.

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Inflo

w to

Eac

h Co

untr

yBC

M/Y

ear

Long

-ter

m a

vera

ge a

nnua

l qu

antit

y of

gro

undw

ater

an

nual

ly e

nter

ing

the

coun

try,

ta

king

into

con

side

ratio

n tr

eatie

s (F

AO)

Exte

rnal

Gro

undw

ater

Inflo

w (E

GI)

: Lo

ng-t

erm

ave

rage

an

nual

qua

ntity

of g

roun

dwat

er a

nnua

lly e

nter

ing

the

coun

try,

taki

ng in

to c

onsi

dera

tion

trea

ties

(FAO

).Es

timat

ed fr

om p

iezo

met

ric

map

s, o

bser

vatio

n w

ells

or

mod

eled

thro

ugh

Gro

undw

ater

mod

els.

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS


MEW

INA

Who

le A

quife

r In

dica

tors

Uni

tsD

efini

tion

Met

hodo

logy

to m

easu

re, e

stim

ate

and

repo

rt v

alue

Insti

tuti

on in

ch

arge

Sour

ce o

f da

ta

Outf

low

from

Eac

h Co

untr

yBC

M/Y

ear

Long

-ter

m a

vera

ge a

nnua

l qu

antit

y of

gro

undw

ater

leav

ing

the

coun

try

(FAO

)

Exte

rnal

Gro

undw

ater

outf

low

(EG

O) :

Lon

g-te

rm a

vera

ge

annu

al q

uanti

ty o

f gro

undw

ater

leav

ing

the

coun

try

(FAO

) Es

timat

ed fr

om p

iezo

met

ric

map

s, o

bser

vatio

n w

ells

or

mod

eled

thro

ugh

Gro

undw

ater

mod

els.

No

EGO

tow

ards

nei

ghbo

ring

cou

ntri

es, b

ut to

war

ds th

e se

a in

cas

e of

coa

stal

aqu

ifers

.

DG

RE, C

M

CRD

A, D

GRE

, OSS

Pieo

zom

etri

c W

ater

H

eads

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

Pieo

zom

etri

c W

ater

Hea

ds

Map

ped

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Dep

th fr

om w

ater

to

Base

men

t/ C

onfin

ing

Laye

r (U

ncon

fined

A

quife

r)

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

Dep

th fr

om w

ater

to B

asem

ent/

Co

nfini

ng L

ayer

(Unc

onfin

ed

Aqu

ifer)

Map

ped

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Dep

th to

Wat

er T

able

(U

ncon

fined

Aqu

ifer)

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

The

verti

cal d

ista

nce

from

the

grou

nd s

urfa

ce to

the

wat

er

Tabl

e in

cas

e of

unc

onfin

ed

aqui

fers

Map

ped

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Dep

th to

Pie

zom

etri

c Su

rfac

e (C

onfin

ed

Aqu

ifer)

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

The

verti

cal d

ista

nce

from

the

grou

nd le

vel t

o th

e pi

ezom

etri

c le

vel

Map

ped

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Dep

th fr

om P

iezo

met

ric

surf

ace

to B

asem

ent/

Bo

ttom

of c

onfin

ed

aqui

fer

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

The

verti

cal d

ista

nce

from

the

grou

nd s

urfa

ce to

the

bott

om

of th

e co

nfine

d w

ater

bea

ring

fo

rmati

on

Map

ped

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Wat

er &

Use

s

With

draw

als

from

Blu

e G

roun

dwat

erBC

M/Y

ear

Tota

l abs

trac

tions

from

gr

ound

wat

er s

ourc

es, i

nclu

ding

no

n re

new

able

sou

rces

per

yea

r

Tota

l ann

ual a

bstr

actio

ns fr

om g

roun

dwat

er s

ourc

es,

incl

udin

g no

n re

new

able

sou

rces

(F

low

mea

sure

men

t, s

atel

lite

imag

ery)

DG

RE,B

IRH

,CRD

A,

CMCR

DA

, BIR

H,

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E,

DG

RE, O

SS

With

draw

als

from

Exp

loita

ble

Non

-Ren

ewab

le

Gro

undw

ater

BCM

/Yea

rTo

tal a

nnua

l vol

umes

abs

trac

ted

from

exp

loita

ble

non-

rene

wab

le

reso

urce

s, n

amel

y, fo

ssil

grou

ndw

ater

.

Tota

l ann

ual v

olum

es a

bstr

acte

d fr

om e

xplo

itabl

e no

n-re

new

able

reso

urce

s, n

amel

y, fo

ssil

grou

ndw

ater

.(F

low

mea

sure

men

t, s

atel

lite

imag

ery)

DG

RE, C

MCR

DA

, DG

RE, O

SS

Extr

actio

n Zo

nes

of th

e A

quife

rN

umbe

rs/

Map

ped

Extr

actio

n zo

nes

of th

e aq

uife

r, w

ithou

t any

ris

k N

umbe

rs/

Map

ped

DG

RE ,

CMCR

DA

,DG

RE, O

SS

Ann

ually

Obs

erve

d D

raw

dow

n (A

vera

ge &

Map

ped)

Met

ers

Ann

ually

Obs

erve

d D

raw

dow

n(A

vera

ge &

Map

ped)

DG

RE ,

CMCR

DA

,DG

RE, O

SS

53


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

Who

le A

quife

r In

dica

tors

Uni

tsD

efini

tion

Met

hodo

logy

to m

easu

re, e

stim

ate

and

repo

rt v

alue

Insti

tuti

on in

ch

arge

Sour

ce o

f da

ta

Wat

er &

Lan

d U

se

Chan

ge

Tota

l Irr

igat

ed

Agr

icul

tura

l Lan

dha

Tota

l wat

er m

anag

ed a

gric

ultu

ral

area

Are

a (h

a)D

GG

REE,

CM

DG

GRE

E, D

GED

A,

CRD

As,

CN

T, O

SS

Tota

l Rai

nfed

A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

haTo

tal r

ain

fed

agri

cultu

ral a

rea

Are

a (h

a)D

GPA

, CM

DG

PA, D

GG

REE,

D

GED

A, C

RDA

s,

CNT,

OSS

Tota

l Pas

ture

Are

aha

Tota

l Pas

ture

Are

aA

rea

(ha)

DG

F, O

EP, C

M

DG

F, O

EP, D

GPA

, D

GED

A, C

RDA

Tota

l For

ests

Are

aha

Tota

l For

ests

Are

aA

rea

(ha)

DG

F, C

MD

GF,

DG

EDA

, CRD

A

Urb

an E

ncro

achm

ent o

n A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

ha/Y

ear

Is th

e lo

ss o

f agr

icul

tura

l lan

d ca

used

by

urba

niza

tion,

and

is

expr

esse

d by

agr

icul

tura

l are

a lo

st/

year

.

The

reco

mm

ende

d ap

proa

ch d

epen

ds o

n th

e pr

esen

ce o

f hi

gh re

solu

tion

Land

sat S

atel

lite

imag

es fo

r di

ffere

nt y

ears

fo

r th

e ar

ea o

r co

untr

y of

inte

rest

. The

se im

ages

are

sim

ply

over

laid

and

the

diffe

renc

e in

are

a be

twee

n th

em is

stu

died

by

Geo

grap

hica

l Inf

orm

ation

Sys

tem

(GIS

) soft

war

e.

DG

GRE

E, D

GPA

, D

GAC

TA, C

MD

GG

REE,

DG

PA,

DG

EDA

, CRD

As,

CN

T, O

SS

The

Dec

reas

e in

G

roun

dwat

er R

echa

rge

caus

ed b

y U

rban

En

croa

chm

ent

BCM

/Yea

r T

he D

ecre

ase

in G

roun

dwat

er

Rec

harg

e ca

used

by

Urb

an

Encr

oach

men

t

Map

ped

DG

RE, O

SS

DG

RE,O

SS,O

TED

D,

CNT

Wat

er &

Pop

ulati

on

Tota

l Aqu

ifer

boun

d an

d de

pend

ent p

opul

ation

Num

ber

Tota

l Aqu

ifer

boun

d an

d de

pend

ent p

opul

ation

To

tal A

quife

r bo

und

and

depe

nden

t pop

ulati

on

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CM

D

GRE

, BIR

H,

OSS

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le

Wat

er R

esou

rces

Per

Ca

pita

CM/C

apita

The

max

imum

theo

retic

al

amou

nt o

f wat

er p

rodu

ced

inte

rnal

ly a

nd a

ctua

lly a

vaila

ble,

on

a p

er p

erso

n ba

sis

IRW

R /

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, I

NS,

CMD

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, BP

EH, I

NS,

OSS

Gro

undw

ater

W

ithdr

awal

Per

Cap

itaCM

/Cap

itaTo

tal a

nnua

l abs

trac

tions

from

gr

ound

wat

er s

ourc

es in

clud

ing

non-

rene

wab

le g

roun

dwat

er a

nd

seco

ndar

y fr

eshw

ater

sou

rces

(w

ater

pre

viou

sly

with

draw

n an

d re

turn

ed),

on a

per

per

son

basi

s.

Tota

l ann

ual a

bstr

actio

ns/

Tota

l pop

ulati

on in

m3 /

y/c.

DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

IN

S, C

MD

GRE

, DG

BGTH

, D

GG

REE,

BPE

H,

INS,

OSS

Wat

er &

Qua

lity

Conc

entr

ation

of

Chlo

ride

in T

he A

quife

rs

Dom

ain

PPM

/ M

appe

dCo

ncen

trati

on o

f Chl

orid

e in

the

Aqu

ifers

Dom

ain

Map

ped

D

GRE

, BIR

H, C

M

DG

RE, B

IRH

, OSS


MEW

INA

Who

le A

quife

r In

dica

tors

Uni

tsD

efini

tion

Met

hodo

logy

to m

easu

re, e

stim

ate

and

repo

rt v

alue

Insti

tuti

on in

ch

arge

Sour

ce o

f da

ta

Nitr

ate

Conc

entr

ation

PPM

/ M

appe

dN

itrat

e Co

ncen

trati

onM

appe

d

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CM

D

GRE

, BIR

H, O

SS

Elec

tric

Con

ducti

vity

1/O

HM

(S

/M)

Elec

tric

Con

ducti

vity

Map

ped

D

GRE

, BIR

H, C

M

DG

RE, B

IRH

, OSS

To

tal D

isso

lved

Sol

ids

PPM

/ M

appe

dTo

tal D

isso

lved

Sol

ids

Map

ped

D

GRE

, BIR

H, C

M

DG

RE, B

IRH

, OSS

Fluo

ride

Con

cen t

ratio

nPP

M/

Map

ped

Fluo

ride

Con

cent

ratio

nM

appe

d

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CM

D

GRE

, BIR

H, O

SS

Wat

er &

Eco

syst

ems

Num

ber

of

Gr o

undw

ater

Bas

ed

Ecos

yste

ms

Num

ber

Num

ber

of G

roun

dwat

er B

ased

Ec

osys

tem

sN

umbe

r

DG

F, W

WF,

MC

DG

F, W

WF,

OSS

Num

ber

of R

AM

SAR

Wet

land

s in

The

Aqu

ifer

Dom

ain

Num

ber

Num

ber

of R

AM

SAR

Wet

land

s in

Th

e A

quife

r D

omai

nN

umbe

rD

GF,

WW

F, M

C D

GF,

WW

F, O

SS

Num

ber

of E

ndan

gere

d Sp

ecie

sN

umbe

rN

umbe

r of

End

ange

red

Spec

ies

Num

ber

DG

F, W

WF,

MC

DG

F, W

WF,

OSS

Num

ber

of In

vasi

ve

Spec

ies

Num

ber

Num

ber

of In

vasi

ve S

peci

esN

umbe

r D

GF,

WW

F, M

C D

GF,

WW

F, O

SS

Wat

er &

Gov

erna

nce

IWRM

Pla

n (Y

es/N

o)Ye

s/N

oIW

RM P

lan

(Yes

/No)

IWRM

Pla

n (Y

es/N

o)D

GRE

, BIR

H ,

MC

DG

RE,B

IRH

, CR

DA

, O

SS

Wel

l Per

mits

to d

ate

Num

ber

Wel

l Per

mits

to d

ate

Wel

l Per

mits

to d

ate

DG

RE, B

IRH

, MC

D

GRE

,BIR

H,

CRD

A ,

OSS

Volu

met

ric

Gro

undw

ater

Rig

hts

BCM

/Yea

rVo

lum

etri

c G

roun

dwat

er R

ight

sVo

lum

etri

c G

roun

dwat

er R

ight

sD

GRE

, BIR

H, M

C

DG

RE,B

IRH

, CR

DA

, O

SS

Unl

icen

sed

Gro

undw

ater

A

bstr

actio

ns

BCM

/Yea

rU

nlic

ense

d G

roun

dwat

er

Abs

trac

tions

Unl

icen

sed

Gro

undw

ater

Abs

trac

tions

DG

RE, B

IRH

, MC

D

GRE

,BIR

H,

CRD

A ,O

SS

Wat

er &

Inte

rnati

onal

Re

lati

ons

55


ater (SOW

) Indicators


MEW

INA

Who

le A

quife

r In

dica

tors

Uni

tsD

efini

tion

Met

hodo

logy

to m

easu

re, e

stim

ate

and

repo

rt v

alue

Insti

tuti

on in

ch

arge

Sour

ce o

f da

ta

Dep

ende

ncy

Ratio

of

Each

Rip

aria

n Co

untr

y%

The

perc

ent o

f ann

ual v

olum

es

abst

ract

ed fr

om tr

ansb

ound

ary

wat

er b

odie

s to

tota

l ann

ual

rene

wab

le w

ater

reso

urce

s.

-Ann

ual v

olum

es a

bstr

acte

d fr

om tr

ansb

ound

ary

wat

er

bodi

es /

Tota

l ann

ual r

enew

able

wat

er re

sour

ces.

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH,

BPEH

, MC

DG

RE,D

GBG

TH,

CRD

A, O

SS

Bila

tera

l / M

ultil

ater

al

Agr

eem

ents

&

Coop

erati

on P

roto

col

or M

OU

s Be

twee

n Ri

pari

ans

Num

ber

The

num

ber

of B

ilate

ral a

nd/

or M

ultil

ater

al a

gree

men

ts &

Co

oper

ation

Pro

toco

l or

MO

Us

betw

een

Ripa

rian

s, a

par

ticul

ar

coun

try

is in

volv

ed in

. The

se

agre

emen

ts s

houl

d be

sol

ely

inte

nded

to tr

ansb

ound

ary

wat

er

-Mul

tilat

eral

/ Bi

late

ral A

gree

men

ts &

Coo

pera

tion

Prot

ocol

or

MO

Us

betw

een

Ripa

rian

s-N

umbe

r of

Rip

aria

ns in

eac

h w

ater

bod

y

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re:

DCI

, DG

RE,

DG

BGTH

, MC

M

inis

try

of

Fore

ign

Affa

irs

Min

istr

y of

A

gric

ultu

re: D

CI,

DG

RE, D

GBG

TH,

OSS

Min

istr

y of

Fo

reig

n A

ffairs

.

Pres

ence

of O

ther

Tr

ansb

oudr

ay B

odie

s in

Ri

pari

an C

ount

ries

Num

ber

Oth

er T

rans

boud

ray

Bodi

es in

Ri

pari

an C

ount

ries

Oth

er T

rans

boud

ray

Bodi

es in

Rip

aria

n Co

untr

ies

DG

RE, B

IRH

, MC

DG

RE, B

IRH

, OSS

Tota

l: 40

indi

cato

rs


MEW

INA

Thi

s sec

tion

cons

ists o

f a

data

shee

t ind

icat

ing

the

valu

es a

ssig

ned

to e

ach

indi

cato

r, al

ong

with

the

units

of

mea

sure

men

t, th

e m

easu

rem

ent

year

, the

sou

rce

of d

ata,

and

any

rem

arks

. All

repo

rted

val

ues

are

for t

he y

ear 2

012.

In th

e un

likel

y ca

se w

here

val

ues

are

only

ava

ilabl

e fo

r a

year

prio

r to

2012

an

extra

pola

tion

met

hod

is us

ed to

est

imat

e th

e 20

12 v

alue

.

4.1.

The

Nat

iona

l SO

W D

ata

Tabl

e 9.

Nati

onal

SO

W d

ata

shee

t ind

icati

ng th

e va

lues

ass

igne

d to

eac

h in

dica

tor,

unit,

mea

sure

men

t yea

r, an

d so

urce

Indi

cato

rU

nits

Valu

esSo

urce

Rem

arks

Valu

es20

12So

urce

(V 2

012)

Rem

arks

Wat

er &

Ava

ilabi

lity

Ann

ual S

paci

ally

Ave

rage

d P

reci

pita

tion

Dep

thM

M/Y

ear

230.

00FA

O A

QU

AST

ATA

nnua

l Av

erag

e15

3.0

DG

RE R

ainf

all

Dire

ctor

y

Ann

ual A

vera

geH

ydro

logi

cal

Year

201

2-13

(Defi

cit

Year

in ra

in)

Ann

ual P

reci

pita

tion

Volu

me

BCM

/Yea

r36

.00

CED

ARE

/AW

CA

A23

.7D

GRE

Rai

nfal

l D

irect

ory

Ann

ual A

vera

geH

ydro

logi

c Ye

ar 2

012-

13(D

efici

t Yea

r in

rain

)

Blue

Wat

er

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le S

urfa

ce W

ater

(IRS

W)

BCM

/Yea

r2.

70M

EWIN

A R

AR

AA

2.70

0D

GRE

AA

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le G

roun

dwat

er (I

RG)

BCM

/Yea

r2.

10M

EWIN

A R

AR

AA

1.55

4D

GRE

AA

Tota

l Int

erna

l Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(T

IRBW

R)=(

IRSW

+IRG

)-(O

SWG

)BC

M/Y

ear

4.80

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

AA

3.85

4D

GRE

AA

Exte

rnal

Sur

face

Wat

er In

flow

(ESW

I)BC

M/Y

ear

0.30

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

AA

0.32

0D

GRE

AA

Exte

rnal

Sur

face

Wat

er O

utflo

w (E

SWO

)BC

M/Y

ear

0.18

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

AA

0.19

0D

GRE

AA

Exte

rnal

Gro

undw

ater

Inflo

w (E

GI)

BCM

/Yea

r0.

10FA

O A

QU

AST

ATA

A0.

100

DG

REA

A

Exte

rnal

Gro

undw

ater

Outf

low

(EG

O)

BCM

/Yea

r0.

00FA

O A

QU

AST

ATA

A0.

000

DG

REA

A

Tota

l Ext

erna

l Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

In

flow

(TER

BWR)

=(ES

WI+

EGI)

BCM

/Yea

r0.

40FA

O A

QU

AST

ATA

A0.

420

DG

REA

A

4. I

ndic

ator

s Va

lues

57

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Surf

ace

Wat

er

(TRB

SW)=

(IRSW

)+(E

SWI)-

(ESW

O)

BCM

/Yea

r2.

82FA

O A

QU

AST

ATA

A2.

830

DG

REA

A

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Gro

undw

ater

(T

RBG

)=(IR

G)+

(EG

I)-(E

GO

)BC

M/Y

ear

2.20

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

AA

1.65

4D

GRE

AA

Ove

rlap

Bet

wee

n Su

rfac

e W

ater

and

G

roun

dwat

er (O

SWG

)BC

M/Y

ear

0.40

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

AA

0.40

0D

GRE

AA

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(T

RBW

R)=(

TRBS

W)+

(TRB

GW

)-(O

SWG

)BC

M/Y

ear

4.62

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

AA

4.08

4D

GRE

AA

Tota

l Exp

loita

ble

Non

-Ren

ewab

le G

roun

dwat

er

(TN

RG)

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.61

(201

2)an

d 0.

72 (

2050

) as

Mod

el p

roje

ction

sD

GRE

, OSS

,CM

AA

Tota

l Blu

e W

ater

Res

ourc

es1-

(TBW

R)=(

TBSW

)+(T

BGW

)-(O

SWG

)2-

(TBW

R)=(

TRBW

R)+(

TNRB

WR)

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

(1) 4

.694

(2) 4

.694

DG

REA

A

Mob

iliza

tion

of S

urfa

ce W

ater

(spe

cific

indi

cato

r)BC

M/Y

ear

--

AA

2.18

8D

GRE

,DG

BGTH

AA

Gre

en W

ater

Wat

er fo

r Ra

in-f

ed A

gric

ultu

re C

onsu

mpti

ons

BCM

/Yea

r5.

52CE

DA

RE/A

WC

AA

5.50

0D

GG

REE

AA

Wat

er fo

r Ra

in-f

ed P

astu

re C

onsu

mpti

onBC

M/Y

ear

5.95

CED

ARE

/AW

CA

A6.

000

DG

GRE

EA

A

Wat

er fo

r Ra

in-f

ed F

ores

t Con

sum

ption

BCM

/Yea

r1.

33CE

DA

RE/A

WC

AA

1.50

0D

GG

REE

AA

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le G

reen

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(T

RGW

R)BC

M/Y

ear

12.8

1CE

DA

RE/A

WC

AA

13.0

00D

GRE

AA

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Res

ourc

es

(TRW

R)=(

TRBW

R+TR

GW

R)BC

M/Y

ear

17.4

1CE

DA

RE/A

WC

AA

17.0

84D

GRE

AA

Tota

l Con

venti

onal

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(TCW

R)=(

TRW

R)+(

TNRG

)=(T

BWR+

(TRG

WR)

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

17.6

9417

.694

DG

RED

GRE

AA

AA

Non

-Con

venti

onal

Wat

er

Prod

uced

Mun

icip

al a

nd In

dust

rial

Was

tew

ater

(P

MW

) +(P

IW)

BCM

/Yea

r0.

38CE

DA

RE/A

WC

AA

0.2

76O

NA

SA

APM

W=

0.23

9PI

W =

0.0

37


MEW

INA

Prod

uced

Agr

icul

tura

l Dra

inag

e (P

AD

)BC

M/Y

ear

0.10

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

0.14

0D

GRE

DG

RE 2

011

Prod

uced

Des

alin

ated

Wat

er (P

DW

)BC

M/Y

ear

0.03

MEW

INA

RA

R -

0.03

0D

GRE

SON

EDE

DG

RE, (

2011

)SO

NED

E (2

012)

Tota

l Non

-Con

venti

onal

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(T

NCW

R)=(

PMIW

)+(P

AD

)+(P

DW

)BC

M/Y

ear

0.52

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

0.44

6D

GRE

DG

RE (2

011)

Tota

l Ava

ilabl

e W

ater

Res

ourc

es

(TAW

R)=(

TCW

R)+(

TNCW

R)BC

M/Y

ear

5.79

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

18.1

40D

GRE

TCW

R= 1

7.69

4TN

CWR=

0.4

46TO

T =

18.1

40

Trea

ted

Mun

icip

al a

nd In

dust

rial

Was

tew

ater

BCM

/Yea

r0.

24M

EWIN

A R

AR

-0.

232

O N

AS

1990

-201

2A

A=

0.16

5 BC

M

Reus

ed T

reat

ed M

unic

ipal

and

Indu

stri

al

Was

tew

ater

BCM

/Yea

r0.

02FA

O A

QU

AST

AT-

0.06

ON

AS

1990

-201

2A

A=

0.04

2 BC

M

Trea

ted

was

tew

ater

reus

ed in

agr

icul

tura

l ir

riga

tion

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.02

5D

GG

REE

Coun

ting

the

amou

nt o

f wat

er

deliv

ered

or

invo

iced

to C

RDA

s

Wat

er &

Use

s

With

draw

als

for

Dom

estic

Wat

er U

seBC

M/Y

ear

0.37

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

-0.

495

DG

RE

SON

EDE=

0.45

1 D

GG

REE=

0.0

44 T

OT=

0.4

95

With

draw

als

for

Indu

stri

al W

ater

Use

BCM

/Yea

r0.

11FA

O A

QU

AST

AT -

0.08

9D

GRE

Priv

ate

wel

ls=

0.04

2,SO

NED

E=0.

046,

MIN

ERA

L W

ATER

= 0.

001

TOT=

0.0

89

With

draw

als

for

Agr

icul

tura

l Wat

er U

se (B

lue

wat

er+

Non

-con

venti

onal

wat

er)

BCM

/Yea

r2.

16FA

O A

QU

AST

AT-

2.16

5D

GG

REE

Coun

ting

volu

me

of w

ater

ch

arge

d by

GD

A2.

140

+ 0.

025

= 2.

165

Ann

ual T

otal

Wat

er W

ithdr

awal

sBC

M/Y

ear

2.64

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

-2.

749

DG

RE0.

495+

0.08

9 +

2.16

5 =

2.74

9

Gre

en W

ater

Con

sum

ption

for

Agr

icul

tura

l w

ater

use

BCM

/Yea

r5.

52CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-5.

500

DG

GRE

E20

12

Tota

l Agr

icul

tura

l Wat

er U

ses

BCM

/Yea

r7.

69CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-7.

665

DG

GRE

E

With

draw

als

From

Blu

e Su

rfac

e W

ater

BCM

/Yea

r1.

50FA

O A

QU

AST

AT -

0.61

5D

GBG

TH, B

IRH

2012

-13

With

draw

als

From

Blu

e Re

new

able

G

roun

dwat

erBC

M/Y

ear

1.14

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

-1.

511

DG

RE20

10,2

012

data

NA

With

draw

als

from

Non

-Ren

ewab

le G

roun

dwat

erBC

M/Y

ear

0.00

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

0.61

0D

GRE

2010

Tota

l With

draw

als

from

Blu

e W

ater

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

2.73

6D

GRE

0.61

5+1.

511+

0.61

0= 2

.736

DG

RE 2

012-

13 &

2010

59

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Agr

icul

tura

l Dra

inag

e W

ater

Use

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.02

0D

GRE

2011

With

draw

als

from

Des

alin

ated

Wat

erBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

030

SON

EDE,

DG

RE (P

riva

te)

2012

2011

Tota

l With

draw

als

from

Non

-Con

venti

onal

W

ater

Res

ourc

esBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

110

DG

RE20

12

Gre

en W

ater

Con

sum

ption

for

Live

stoc

k Fo

dder

W

ater

Use

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.76

0D

GPA

, DG

EDA

, D

GSA

,O

EP20

12

Bott

led

Wat

er P

rodu

ction

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.00

1O

ffice

of

Ther

mal

ism

&

Hyd

roth

erap

y

2012

Wat

er &

Land

use

Cha

nge

Tota

l Irr

igat

ed A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

ha38

5 00

0.00

FAO

AQ

UA

STAT

-

421,

000

.00

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE

Tota

l Rai

n-Fe

d A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

ha4

491

000.

00CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-4,

953

,550

.00

DG

PAD

GED

A 2

012

Tota

l For

est L

and

ha1

085

000.

00W

orld

Re

ssou

rces

In

stitu

te -

1, 1

51,2

18.0

0D

GF

DG

F

Tota

l Nat

ural

Pas

ture

Lan

dha

4 84

0 00

0.00

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

4, 8

95,0

00.0

0D

GF,

DG

EDA

DG

F

Urb

an E

ncro

chm

ent o

n G

reen

Cov

erha

lost

/Yea

r-

--

10,0

00

DG

ACTA

,OTE

DD

, CN

TD

GAC

TA,O

TED

D, C

NT

Impa

ct o

f Urb

an E

ncro

chm

ent o

n W

ater

Re

sour

ces

(Ind

icat

ors

liste

d be

low

)

Dec

reas

e in

Gro

undw

ater

Rec

harg

eBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

0012

6D

GRE

DG

RE

Dec

reas

e in

Wat

er C

onsu

mpti

ons

of G

reen

Co

ver

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.03

0D

GED

A, D

GPA

, DG

FD

GED

A, D

GPA

, DG

F

Incr

ease

in S

urfa

ce R

unoff

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.03

126

DG

RED

GRE

Incr

ease

in D

omes

tic W

ater

With

draw

als

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.03

0D

GG

REE,

SON

EDE

DG

GRE

E,SO

NED

E

Wat

er &

Serv

ices

Wat

er C

over

age

and

Acc

essi

bilil

ity

Impr

oved

Urb

an W

ater

Sup

ply

Cove

rage

(S

ecto

r M

inis

try)

%10

0.00

MEW

INA

RA

R -

100.

00SO

NED

ED

GG

REE

SON

EDE


MEW

INA

Impr

oved

Rur

al W

ater

Sup

ply

Cove

rage

(Sec

tor

Min

istr

y)%

94.0

0M

EWIN

A R

AR

-93

.4SO

NED

ED

GG

REE

SON

EDE

(49.

7%) +

DG

GRE

E (4

3.7%

)

Impr

oved

Urb

an S

anita

tion

Cove

rage

(Sec

tor

Min

istr

y)%

84.7

0M

EWIN

A R

AR

- 98.9

4

85.4

ON

AS

1994

-201

2, A

A=

74,5

%

INS

INS

2009

2012

NA

Impr

oved

Rur

al S

anita

tion

Cove

rage

(Sec

tor

Min

istr

y)%

5.50

MEW

INA

RA

R - 83

.95

5.1

0NA

S-

INS

INS

2009

2012

NA

Impr

oved

Wat

er S

uppl

y Co

vera

ge (S

ecto

r M

inis

try)

%98

.00

MEW

INA

RA

R -

97.8

SON

EDE

DG

GRE

EU

rban

+ R

ural

Impr

oved

San

itatio

n Co

vera

ge (S

ecto

r M

inis

try)

%57

.00

MEW

INA

RA

R - 94

.44

58.4

ON

AS

-

INS

INS

2009

2012

NA

Wat

er In

fras

truc

ture

Leng

th o

f Wat

er S

uppl

y N

etw

orks

Km47

,544

.00

(with

out

DG

GRE

E)M

EWIN

A R

AR

-

SON

EDE:

48,4

59.0

0 km

D

GG

REE:

78

,100

.5km

TOTA

L:12

6,55

9.5

km

SON

EDE

DG

GRE

E

-SO

NED

E,

1983

-201

2 A

A=

31,5

63.5

km

; -D

GG

REE,

196

5-20

12A

A=

29,6

43.9

5 km

Leng

th o

f Se

ewag

e N

etw

orks

Km-

--

15,3

64O

NA

S20

12

Leng

th o

f Irr

igati

on N

etw

orks

Km-

--

NA

DG

GRE

E-

Leng

th o

f Dra

inag

e N

etw

orks

Km-

--

NA

DG

GRE

E-

Dam

Sto

rage

Cap

acity

(Ins

talle

d)BC

M2.

66FA

O A

QU

AST

AT -

2.15

2D

GBG

TH20

12

Wat

er S

uppl

y Ca

paci

tyBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

755

SON

EDE

2012

Des

alin

ation

Cap

acity

BCM

/Yea

r -

Sect

or M

inis

try

-

-0.0

25 (S

ON

EDE)

, no

t inc

lude

d dr

inki

ng

wat

er tr

eatm

ent a

nd

defe

rriz

ation

pla

nts

capa

city

-0.0

10 (P

riva

te

stati

ons)

TOT:

0.0

35

SON

EDE

0.02

5 BC

M/Y

ear

by S

ON

EDE

& 0

.010

BCM

/Yea

r by

pri

vate

st

ation

s

Mun

icip

al W

aste

wat

er T

reat

men

t Cap

acity

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.29

83O

NA

S-

Indu

stri

al W

aste

wat

er T

reat

men

t Cap

acity

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.01

93O

NA

S-

61

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Was

tew

ater

Col

lecti

on C

apac

ityBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

234

ON

AS

-

Wat

er &

Ene

rgy

Elec

tric

ity G

ener

ated

Usi

ng H

ydro

pow

erG

Wh/

Year

160

IH

A20

0811

0.56

STEG

2012

Hyd

ropo

wer

as

% o

f Tot

al G

ener

ated

Ele

ctri

city

%-

--

1ST

EG20

12

Inst

alle

d H

ydro

pow

er C

apac

ityM

W70

.00

IHA

2008

66.0

0ST

EG20

12

Wat

er U

sed

to G

ener

ate

Ele

ctri

city

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.83

0 84

8ST

EG20

12

Wat

er &

Pop

ulati

on

Tota

l Pop

ulati

on10

00 in

habi

tant

s10

365.

00In

dex

Mun

di -

10,7

76. 4

00IN

SJu

ly 2

012

(INS)

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Res

ourc

es P

er C

apita

CM

/cap

ita/Y

ear

463.

10CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-1,

564

DG

RE20

12

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le B

lue

Wat

er R

esou

rces

Per

Ca

pita

CM/c

apita

/Yea

r44

6.02

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

378.

9D

GRE

2012

Tota

l Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Res

ourc

es P

er C

apita

CM/c

apita

/Yea

r16

79.4

0CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-1,

585.

3D

GRE

2012

Tota

l Ava

ilabl

e W

ater

Res

ourc

es P

er C

apita

CM/c

apita

/Yea

r-

--

1,68

3.0

DG

RE

2012

Blue

Wat

er W

ithdr

awal

Per

Cap

itaCM

/cap

ita/Y

ear

254.

69CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-25

4.00

DG

RED

GBG

TH20

10

Gre

en W

ater

Use

Per

Cap

itaCM

/cap

ita/Y

ear

1236

.08

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

1,20

6.00

DG

GRE

EA

A

Tota

l Wat

er C

onsu

mpti

on P

er C

apita

CM/c

apita

/Yea

r14

90.7

7CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-1,

460.

00D

GRE

AA

Agr

icul

tura

l Wat

er W

ithdr

awal

Per

Cap

itaCM

/cap

ita/Y

ear

208.

86CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-20

1.00

DG

GRE

EA

A

Indu

stri

al W

ater

With

draw

al P

er C

apita

CM/c

apita

/Yea

r10

.61

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

8.25

DG

REA

A

Dom

estic

Wat

er W

ithdr

awal

Per

Cap

itaCM

/cap

ita/Y

ear

35.2

1CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-46

.0SO

NED

E, D

GG

REE

AA

Popu

latio

n W

ithou

t Im

prov

ed W

ater

Sup

ply

1000

inha

bita

nts

103.

65CE

DA

RE/A

WC

--2

40 (S

ON

EDE)

,-2

39.9

(IN

S)SO

NED

E, IN

S,

DG

GRE

E19

93-2

013

(INS)

*(IN

S 20

09)

Popu

latio

n W

ithou

t Im

prov

ed S

anita

tion

1000

inha

bita

nts

414.

60CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-57

9.70

0 (IN

S)IN

S19

66-2

009

(INS)

(INS

2009

)

Wat

er &

Qua

lity

Dis

solv

ed O

xyge

n (D

O)

ppm

--

-

V1 :

7.7-

8.5

V2 :

5.4-

6.4

V3 :

NA

V4 :

NA

In h

ot s

pots

of

AN

PE C

ontr

ol

Net

wor

k of

Wat

er

Pollu

tion

2010

-20

12.

COPE

AUAQ

UA

POLE

V1 :

Med

jerd

aV2

: Be

ja d

ams

V3 :

Bize

rte

lago

onV4

: N

abeu

l G

roun

dwat

er


MEW

INA

pHD

imen

sion

less

--

-

V1 :

7.8-

11.2

V2 :

8.0-

8.4

V3 :

7.7-

8.8

V4 :

8.4-

8.7

2004

-201

2 (W

adi

El B

ey, K

orba

la

goon

, Biz

erte

la

ke)

2006

-201

2: (W

adi

Mel

iane

Hal

g El

M

enze

l log

oon,

G

har

El M

elh

lago

on)

COPE

AUAQ

UA

POLE

V1 :

Med

jerd

aV2

: Be

ja d

ams

V3 :

Bize

rte

lago

onV4

: N

abeu

l G

roun

dwat

er

Elec

tric

Con

ducti

vity

(EC)

( m

S/c

m)

--

-

V1 :

1.5-

2.5

V2 :

0.2-

0.5

V3 :

1.7-

46.8

V4 :

2.0-

7.0

In h

ot s

pots

of

AN

PE C

ontr

ol

Net

wor

k of

Wat

er

Pollu

tion

2010

-201

2CO

PEAU

AQU

APO

LE

V1 :

Med

jerd

aV2

: Be

ja d

ams

V3 :

Bize

rte

lago

onV4

: N

abeu

l G

roun

dwat

er

Nitr

ogen

Con

cent

ratio

n(N

O3)

ppm

--

-

V1 :

NA

V2 :

NA

V3 :

2.0-

128.

2V4

: N

A

2004

-201

2 (W

adi

El B

ey, K

orba

la

goon

, Biz

erte

la

ke)

2006

-201

2: (W

adi

Mel

iane

Hal

g El

M

enze

l log

oon

Gha

r El

Mel

h la

goon

)CO

PEAU

V1 :

Med

jerd

aV2

: Be

ja d

ams

V3 :

Bize

rte

lago

onV4

: N

abeu

l G

roun

dwat

er

Phos

phor

ous

Con

cent

ratio

n(P

O4)

ppm

--

-

V1 :

1.3-

33.0

V2 :

0.4-

9.7

V3 :

0.1-

71.8

V4 :

0.1-

0.7

In h

ot s

pots

of

AN

PE C

ontr

ol

Net

wor

k of

Wat

er

Pollu

tion

2006

-201

2C0

PEAU

V1 :

Med

jerd

aV2

: Be

ja d

ams

V3 :

Bize

rte

lago

onV4

: N

abeu

l G

roun

dwat

er

Tota

l Dis

solv

ed S

olid

s (T

DS)

ppm

--

-

V1 :

730-

1480

V2 :

110-

220

V3 :

950-

3780

0V4

: 12

00-5

500

2004

-201

2 (W

adi

El B

ey, K

orba

la

goon

, Biz

erte

la

ke)

2006

-201

2: (W

adi

Mel

iane

Hal

g El

M

enze

l log

oon,

G

har

El M

elh

lago

on)

COPE

AU

V1 :

Med

jerd

aV2

: Be

ja d

ams

V3 :

Bize

rte

lago

onV4

: N

abeu

l G

roun

dwat

er

Bact

erio

logi

cal A

naly

sis

-Num

ber

of

Sam

ples

-Uns

uita

ble

Case

s (U

C)

--

--4

8,25

1 sa

mpl

es-U

C : 1

.5%

SON

EDE

1.5%

<N

T 09

-14

limit

and

< W

HO

thre

shol

d

Feca

l Cho

lifor

mCo

loni

es/1

00 m

l-

--

1-3

SON

EDE

Com

plie

s w

ith th

e st

anda

rds

63

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Wat

er &

Hea

lth

Dia

rrhe

a Pr

eval

ence

% o

f chi

ldre

n un

der

5 ye

ars

old

5.80

WH

O

-6.

48D

HM

PEA

A=5

.80

(200

0-20

13)

Dra

cunc

ulia

sis

Repo

rted

Cas

es%

0.00

WH

O-

0.00

DH

MPE

DH

MPE

, 201

3

Ope

n D

efec

ation

Pra

ctice

Num

ber

--

-34

8,54

0IN

SRG

PH 2

009

Perc

enta

ge o

f Ope

n D

efec

ation

%-

--

3.2

INS

RGPH

200

9

Chol

era

Repo

rted

Cas

esN

umbe

r/Ye

ar-

--

0.0

DH

MPE

AA

=0.0

0(2

000-

2013

)

Hep

atitis

A R

epor

ted

Case

s

Num

ber/

year

-

--

412

DH

MPE

412

new

repo

rted

cas

es in

201

2

Inci

denc

e ra

te

(Cas

es n

umbe

r /1

00 0

00

inha

bita

nts)

--

-3.

82D

HM

PEA

A=7

.33

(200

0-20

13)

Typh

oid

feve

r Re

port

ed C

ases

Num

ber/

year

--

-28

DH

MPE

28 n

ew re

port

ed c

ases

in 2

012

Inci

denc

e ra

te

(Cas

es n

umbe

r /1

00 0

00

inha

bita

nts)

--

-0.

26D

HM

PEA

A=0

.55

(200

0-20

13)

Wat

er &

Eco

syst

ems

Num

ber

of W

etla

nds

Site

s A

ckno

wle

dged

by

RAM

SAR

Num

ber

--

-35

DG

For

êts,

RA

MSA

R, W

WF,

MAV

A40

in

2013

Tota

l Wet

land

s a

reas

ha-

--

877,

467

DG

For

êts,

RA

MSA

R, W

WF,

MAV

A1,

608,

024

ha in

201

3

Tota

l Fre

shw

ater

Spe

cies

Cou

ntN

umbe

r-

--

260

terr

estr

ial p

lant

sp

ecie

s, 5

0 aq

uatic

pl

ant s

peci

es,

140

bird

spe

cies

( m

ost o

f whi

ch a

re

mig

rato

ry).

7 sp

ecie

s of

fres

hwat

er fi

sh in

da

ms.

DG

For

êts,

RA

MSA

R, W

WF,

MAV

A-

Num

ber

of E

ndan

gere

d S

peci

esN

umbe

r-

--

Seve

ral s

peci

es (>

10)

DG

For

êts,

RA

MSA

R, W

WF,

MAV

A-


MEW

INA

Num

ber

of In

vasi

ve S

peci

esN

umbe

r-

--

>500

,000

bird

s in

w

inte

r fr

om A

sia

and

Euro

pe (d

ucks

, coo

ts

and

flam

ingo

s

DG

For

êts,

RA

MSA

R, W

WF,

MAV

A-

Wat

er &

Clim

ate

Extr

eme

Wea

ther

Eve

nts

Num

ber

of C

lass

1 F

lood

Eve

nts

Num

ber

--

-0

DG

RE-

Num

ber

of C

lass

1.5

Flo

od E

vent

sN

umbe

r-

--

1D

GRE

in fa

ct tw

o su

cces

sive

floo

ds

(Feb

ruar

y-M

arch

201

2)

Num

ber

of C

lass

2 F

lood

Eve

nts

Num

ber

--

-0

DG

RE-

Dro

ught

Eve

nts

Num

ber

--

-0

DG

RE-

Cost

of A

nnua

l Dam

age

Caus

ed b

y Fl

oods

$- %

GD

P-

--

14,0

00 h

a of

cer

eals

la

nd lo

stCi

vil P

rote

ction

NA

Cost

of A

nnua

l Dam

age

Caus

ed b

y D

roug

hts

$-%

GD

P-

--

0D

GRE

-

Ann

ual H

uman

Los

ses

Rela

ted

to F

lood

sN

umbe

r-

--

Seve

ral d

eath

s re

cord

edEv

acua

tion

of s

ever

al

villa

ges

Civi

l Pro

tecti

onN

A

Ann

ual H

uman

Los

ses

Rela

ted

to D

roug

hts

Num

ber

--

-0

DG

RE-

Unu

sual

Wea

ther

Eve

nts

(Sno

w, H

ail,…

)N

umbe

r/Ty

pe-

--

Snow

:13

Even

ts in

20

12H

ail:

16 E

vent

s in

20

12

INM

-

Nati

onal

Clim

ate

Chan

ge A

dapt

ation

Pla

nYe

s/N

o-

--

Yes

OTE

DD

, DG

REM

inis

try

of E

nviro

nmen

t,

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

Wat

er &

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ics

Wat

er &

Pro

ducti

vity

Indu

stri

al W

ater

Pro

ducti

vity

(GD

P/W

ater

Use

)$/

CM13

8.83

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

145.

33IN

S, D

GRE

GD

P=12

.934

75 B

$W

U=0

.089

BCM

/Yea

r

Agr

icul

tura

l Wat

er P

rodu

ctivi

ty (G

DP/

Wat

er

Use

)$/

CM0.

41CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-0.

51IN

S, D

GRE

DG

GRE

E

GD

P=3.

8939

2 B$

WU

=7.6

65BC

M/Y

ear

Empl

oym

ent i

n A

gric

ultu

re “

Job

Per

Dro

p”Jo

bs/M

CM97

.46

CED

ARE

/AW

C -

71.7

5IN

S, D

GRE

DG

GRE

E

WU

=7.6

65BC

M/Y

ear

Num

ber

of e

mpl

oyed

per

sons

in

agri

cultu

re :5

50,0

12

Empl

oym

ent i

n In

dust

ry “

Job

Per

Dro

p”Jo

bs/M

CM-

--

11, 9

93.6

7IN

S, D

GRE

WU

=0.0

89 B

CM/Y

ear

Num

ber

of e

mpl

oyed

per

sons

in

indu

stry

: 1,0

67,4

37

65

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Wat

er &

Aff

orda

bilit

y

Wat

er a

nd S

anita

tion

Char

ges

as %

of A

vera

ge

Hou

seho

ld In

com

e %

0.01

1 (IN

S)Ca

lcul

ated

/ M

EWIN

A R

AR

2011

1.26

INS

(201

0)

1980

-201

0 (IN

S)Th

e su

rvey

is q

uinq

uenn

ial

(201

0), l

ast s

urve

y 20

10

Wat

er &

Fin

ance

Perc

enta

ge o

f Nati

onal

Bud

get d

irect

ed to

W

ater

& S

anita

tion

Sect

or%

--

-1.

9

INS,

Min

istr

y of

Fi

nanc

e, M

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re,

ON

AS,

DH

MPE

1.8

in 2

013

Ope

ratio

n &

Mai

nten

ance

Cos

t Rec

over

y fo

r W

ater

Sup

ply

and

Sani

tatio

n%

--

- 70

80.7

SON

EDE

Urb

an W

ater

Sup

ply

DG

GRE

ERu

ral W

ater

Sup

ply

Perc

ent o

f GD

P di

rect

ed to

San

itatio

n an

d H

ygie

ne%

--

-0.

13IN

S, O

NA

S, D

HM

PE0.

13 in

201

3

Fore

ign

Aid

for

Wat

er a

nd S

anita

tion

Mill

ion

US$

106.

31CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-

-14.

2 SO

NED

E-5

3.22

ON

AS

TOT

: 67.

42

DG

FIO

P, D

GCI

, M

inis

try

of

Fina

nce,

Min

istr

y of

Pla

n&

Inte

rnati

onal

Co

op, S

ON

EDE,

ON

AS.

DG

FIO

P,D

GCI

, Min

istr

y of

Fi

nanc

e, M

inis

try

of P

lan&

In

tern

ation

al C

oope

ratio

n,

SON

EDE,

ON

AS

Ope

ratio

n &

Mai

nten

ance

Cos

t Rec

over

y fo

r Ir

riga

tion

%-

--

64

(Irri

gate

d ar

eas

)D

GG

REE

DG

GRE

E

Wat

er &

Tra

de

Virt

ual W

ater

Impo

rts

rela

ted

to T

rade

in th

e A

gric

ultu

ral S

ecto

rBC

M/Y

ear

13.0

1CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-10

.22

DG

CE-

Virt

ual W

ater

Exp

orts

rela

ted

to T

rade

in th

e A

gric

ultu

ral S

ecto

rBC

M/Y

ear

-4.7

8CE

DA

RE/A

WC

--6

.03

DG

CE-

Virt

ual-W

ater

net

Flo

w R

elat

ed to

Tra

de in

the

Agr

icul

tura

l Sec

tor

BCM

/Yea

r8.

23CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-4.

19D

GCE

-

Wat

er &

Gov

erna

nce

IWRM

Pla

nYe

s/N

o-

--

Yes

DG

RE, B

PEH

-


MEW

INA

Nati

onal

Wat

er a

nd S

anita

tion

M&

E &

R S

yste

mYe

s/N

o-

--

No

DG

RE, B

PEH

-

Surf

ace

Wat

er P

erm

its Is

sued

to D

ate

Num

ber

--

-17

0 in

201

2BI

RH16

2 in

201

3BI

RH, D

GRE

, CRD

A

Tota

l Vol

umet

ric

Righ

ts A

ssoc

iate

d w

ith s

urfa

ce

Wat

er P

erm

itsBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

0054

4 in

201

2D

GRE

, BIR

H, C

RDA

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

A

Volu

me

asso

ciat

ed w

ith s

urfa

ce W

ater

per

mits

as

a P

erce

nt o

f Ann

ual B

lue

Surf

ace

Wat

er

With

draw

als

%-

--

0.9

DG

BGTH

, BIR

H,

DG

REA

nnua

l Blu

e Su

rfac

e W

ater

W

ithra

wal

s =

0.61

5 BC

M/Y

ear.

Gro

undw

ater

Wel

l Per

mits

Issu

ed to

Dat

eN

umbe

r-

--

1,23

2 in

201

2BI

RH17

86 in

201

3BI

RH, D

GRE

, CRD

A

Tota

l Vol

umet

ric

Wat

er R

ight

s A

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

Wel

l Per

mits

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.05

174

in 2

012

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

A0.

0839

4 in

201

3D

GRE

, BIR

H, C

RDA

Tota

l Vol

ume

asso

ciat

ed w

ith w

ell p

erm

its

as a

per

cent

of A

nnua

l Blu

e G

roun

dwat

er

Abs

trac

tions

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

2.99

% in

201

02.

28%

in 2

012

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

AA

nnua

l Blu

e G

roun

dwat

er

Abs

trac

tions

= 2

.175

BCM

in

2010

and

2.2

69 B

CM in

201

3

Num

ber

of u

nlic

ense

d w

ells

Num

ber/

Year

--

-1,

636

in 2

010

DG

RE, B

IRH

, CRD

AD

GRE

, BIR

H, C

RDA

Irri

gatio

n &

Dra

inag

e R

elat

ed C

ompl

aint

s as

a

perc

enta

ge o

f Irr

igati

on W

ater

Use

rsN

umbe

r/Ye

ar-

--

NA

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

CRD

A

Wat

er s

uppl

y an

d Sa

nita

tion

Rela

ted

Com

plai

nts

as a

per

cent

age

of S

ervi

ced

Hou

seho

lds.

%-

--

2.83

SON

EDE,

DG

GRE

E

-300

,000

com

plai

nts

in 2

012,

-S

ervi

ced

popu

latio

n:

10,5

93,5

00 in

habi

tant

s in

201

2 by

SO

NED

E an

d D

GG

REE.

Num

ber

of W

ater

Sup

ply

Met

ers

Inst

alle

d as

a P

erce

nt o

f Tot

al N

umbe

r of

Cov

ered

H

ouse

hold

s%

--

-U

rban

: 99.

4%Ru

ral:

45.5

%TO

TAL

: 83.

0%SO

NED

ESt

atisti

cal D

irect

ory

2012

Num

ber

of G

roun

dwat

er M

eter

s In

stal

led

as a

pe

rcen

t of L

icen

sed

Wel

lsN

umbe

r-

--

NA

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

CRD

A

Num

ber

of S

urfa

ce Ir

riga

tion

Met

ers

Inst

alle

d as

a

% o

f Sur

face

Irri

gatio

n W

ater

Per

mits

%-

--

NA

DG

GRE

ED

GG

REE,

CRD

A

Phys

ical

Dom

estic

Wat

er L

osse

s M

CM

(%)

--

-12

6.8

(78.

7 %

)SO

NED

ESO

NED

E

Ove

rall

Wat

er U

se E

ffici

ency

%-

--

89.5

DG

BGTH

, DG

RE,

SON

EDE

DG

BGTH

, DG

RE, S

ON

EDE

Wat

er S

usta

inab

ility

/ D

eple

tion

Inde

x%

--

-48

.4D

GBG

TH, D

GRE

, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E,

ON

AS

DG

BGTH

, DG

RE, D

GG

REE,

SO

NED

E, O

NA

S

Was

tew

ater

and

Dra

inag

e O

utflo

ws

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

0.29

2O

NA

S, D

GG

REE,

D

GRE

ON

AS,

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

Tran

sbou

ndar

y W

aste

wat

er a

nd D

rain

age

Outf

low

sBC

M/Y

ear

--

-0.

00O

NA

S, D

GG

REE,

D

GRE

ON

AS,

DG

GRE

E, D

GRE

67

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Com

mer

cial

Dom

estic

Wat

er L

osse

sBC

M/Y

ear

(%)

--

-0.

0343

(21.

3 %

)SO

NED

ESO

NED

E

Phys

ical

Irri

gatio

n W

ater

Los

ses

BCM

/Yea

r-

--

38%

(Esti

mat

ed)

BCM

/Yea

r N

AD

GG

REE

Effici

ency

rate

in ir

riga

ted

plot

s=77

% in

201

2

Num

ber

of W

ater

rela

ted

cita

tions

(Wat

er L

aws

Enfo

rcem

ent)

Num

ber

--

-18

8BI

RH, D

GRE

267

in 2

013

BIRH

, DG

RE, C

RDA

Num

ber

of W

ater

Use

rs A

ssoc

iatio

nsN

umbe

r-

--

2,58

0D

GG

REE

1,32

7 W

UA

(GA

D) W

ater

Sup

ply

+ 1,25

3 W

UA

( G

AD

) Irr

igati

on

Wat

er U

sers

Ass

ocia

tions

Agr

icul

tura

l Lan

d Co

vera

ge%

of A

g. L

and

--

-

47,5

% o

f Irr

igat

ed

area

s,1.

0 %

of A

gric

ultu

ral

land

DG

GRE

E20

0,00

0 ha

cov

ered

in 2

012

Wat

er &

Inte

rnati

onal

Rel

ation

s

Tran

sbou

ndar

y W

ater

Bod

ies

Dep

ende

ncy

Ratio

%8.

00CE

DA

RE/A

WC

-6.

5D

GRE

((32

0+10

0 +

+149

+61

0)/

(18,

140)

)*10

0

Shar

ed W

ater

s re

late

d Bi

late

ral/

Mul

tilat

eral

A

gree

men

ts a

nd/o

r M

emor

andu

ms

of

Und

erst

andi

ng a

nd C

oope

ratio

n M

echa

nism

sN

umbe

r-

--

10S

S,D

GRE

, AN

RH,

GW

ACo

nsul

tatio

n M

echa

nism

Num

ber

of R

ipar

ians

sha

ring

all

shar

ed w

ater

bo

dies

Num

ber

--

-1,

700,

000

inha

bita

nts

0SS,

DG

RE, I

NS

Estim

ated

from

201

4 IN

S ce

nsus

.

Num

ber

of S

hare

d W

ater

Res

ourc

esN

umbe

r-

--

2 Sh

ared

aqu

ifers

+ 1

Sh

ared

riv

er

0SS,

DG

RE, A

NRH

, G

WA

2 Sh

ared

aqu

ifers

:NW

SAS

&

Dje

ffara

pla

in,&

1 Sh

ared

riv

er:

Med

jerd

a

Tota

l: 15

5 in

dica

tors

incl

udin

g 22

add

ition

al sp

ecifi

c in

dica

tors


MEW

INA

COMMENTS ON THE 2012 INDICATORS VALUES:

Definitions, Methodology of calculation and institutions in charge of measuring and/or estimating the indicators are given in Table 5.

1. Water & Availability:

Annual Spacially Averaged Precipitation Depth 153.0 mm in 2012/13 measured on 690 stations (Deficit year in rain)

Annual Average Precipitation Volume: 153.0 mm*154 922 km2 = 23.7 BCM/Year

Blue Water:

• Internal Renewable Groundwater (IRGW): (IRGW)= (TIGW)-(INRGW) = (2.164)-(0.610) = 1.554 BCM/Year

• Total Internal Renewable Blue Water Resources (TIRBWR)= (IRSW)+(IRGW) –(OSWGW)= (2.7)+(1.554)- (0.400)= 3.854 BCM/Year

• External Surface Water Inflow (ESWI) = 0.320 BCM/Year • External Surface Water Outflow (ESWO) = 0.190 BCM/Year as follows.Table 10. External surface water inflow and External Surface Water outflow in Tunisia

Basin Wadi Area in Tunisia (km²)

Area in Algeria (km²)

Algerians basins input at the

boundary (MCM)

Tunisians basins input at the

boundary (MCM)

Extreme North West

Zarga 21.25 9

Mellila 104 51

Barbra 200 17.5 8 91

Upstream Bougouss

23 8 4 11

Melkeir Edir 65 16 7 30

Subtotal 1 28 183

Mejrda Ennemra 44 8

Mejrda 32.2 1430 145 4

Mellegue Mellegue, Horihie, Ezzarga, Sammaa

17.2 6405 120 2

Subtotal 2 273 6

Extreme South West

Safsaf 1218 12

Kébir 805 4

Horchane 504 1

Laouej 256 0.5

Subtotal 3 17.5

Total 441 10725 318.5≈320 189≈190

69

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

• Total External Renewable Blue Water Resources Inflow (TERBWR)=(ESWI+(EGI)= 0.320 + 0.100 = 0.420 BCM/Year

• Total Renewable Blue Surface Water (TRBSW)= (IRSW)+(ESWI)-(ESWO)= (2.700) + (0.320) – (0.190) = 2.830 BCM/Year

• Total Renewable Blue Groundwater (TRBG)=(IRG)+(EGI)-(EGO) = (1.554)+ (0.100) – (0.00)= 1.654 BCM/Year

• Overlap between Surface Water and Groundwater (OSWG)= 0.400 BCM/Year, corresponding to the low water flows of wadi during dry seasons

• Total Renewable Blue Water Resources (TRBWR)=(TRBSW)+(TRBG)-(OSW)= (2.830) + (1.654) - (0.400) = 4.084 BCM/Year

• Total Exploitable Non-Renewable Groundwater (TNRG) TENRGW= 0.610 BCM/ Year in 2012 (Source: GW Abstraction Directory), TENRGW= 0.720 BCM/Year in 2050 (Source: NWSAS projection of the mathematical model)

• Total Blue Water Resources (TBWR)(TBWR)= (TBSWR)+ (TBGWR)- (OSWGW)=(2.830) +( 2.264+0.100)- (0.400)= 4.694 BCM/Year, (TBWR)=(TRBWR)+ (TNRBWR)=(4.084)+ (0.610) = 4.694 BCM/Year

Green Water:

Green Waters cover rainwater intercepted by: (i) rain-fed agriculture (field crops and dry agriculture), (ii) forests and rangelands. The covered areas are:

• Field crops: 1,764,500 ha:• Cereals: 1,244,000 ha• Fodder: 436,000 ha• Leguminous: 84,500 ha

• Dry arboriculture: 1,995,000 ha• Olive trees: 1,549,000 ha• Olive and almond trees intercropped: 165,000 ha• Olive and fruit trees intercropped: 69,500 ha• Vineyards: 18,500 ha• Almond trees: 193,000 ha

• Forests and Rangelands: 5,505,800 ha• Forests: 666,300 ha• Rangelands: 4,326,000 ha• Alfa and halophyte plants: 513,500 ha

Green water is calculated on the basis of annual plant needs. These needs are generally satisfied when the annual rainfall for the current year is equal to or greater than the average annual rainfall in the country, and well distributed in time and space. The areas indicating field crops and dry arboriculture are derived from the annual survey on monitoring the crop season developed by DGEDA (Agricultural sector indicators, January 2012), while the area covered by forests and Alfa grass are the responsibility of DG Forestry. The assumptions considered in the survey are: (i) the max, min, and average plant needs.

Water for Rain-fed Agriculture Consumptions: 5.500 BCM/Year


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Water for Rain-fed Pasture Consumption: 6.000 BCM/Year

Water for Rain-fed Forest Consumption: 1.500 BCM/Year

Total Renewable Green Water Resources (TRGWR): 13.000 BCM/ Year

Total Renewable Water Resources: (TRWR)=(TRBWR+TRGWR)= (4.084) + (13.000) = 17.084 BCM/Year

Total Conventional Water Resources: (TCWR)=(TRWR)+(TNRG)=(17.084) + (0.610) = 17.694 BCM/Year, (TCWR)=(TBWR)+(TRGWR)= (4.694) + (13.000)= 17.694 BCM/Year

Non Conventional Water:

Produced Municipal and Industrial Wastewater (PMIW): (0.239 + 0.037)= (0.276) BCM in 2012 (Source: ONAS Annual Report 2012)

Treated Municipal and Industrial Wastewater (TMIW): 0.232 BCM in 2012 (Source: ONAS Annual Report 2012)

Reused Treated Municipal and Industrial Wastewater: 0.06 BCM in 2012 (Source: ONAS Annual Report 2012)

Treated wastewater reused in agricultural irrigation: 0.025 BCM in 2012 (Source: DGGREE Annual Report 2012)

Produced Agricultural Drainage (PAD): 0.140 BCM in 2012 (DGRE 2011)

Produced Desalinated Water (PDW): 0.030 BCM in 2012 of which 19.7 MCM produced in 2012 by SONEDE, and about 10 MCM by private sector (Source DGRE, 2011)

Total Non-Conventional Water Resources (TNCWR)=(PMIW)+(PAD)+(PDW)=( 0.276)+(0.140)+(0.030) = 0.446 BCM

Total Available Water Resources (TAWR)=(TCWR)+(TNCWR)= (17.694)+ (0.446)= 18.140 BCM/Year

2. Water & Uses:

• Withdrawals for Domestic Water Use: (Water Supply by SONEDE) + (Water Supply by DGGREE) = (0.451) + (0.044)= 0.495 BCM/Year (Source: SONEDE 2012 Annual report and DGGREE 2012 Annual report)

• Withdrawals for Industrial Water Use: (Water Supply by SONEDE) + ( Own resources: private wells) +(Mineral water plants) = (0.046) +(0.042) + (0.001) = 0.089 BCM/Year

• Withdrawals for Agricultural Water Use (Blue water+ Non-conventional water) = (2.140) + (0.025)= 2.165 BCM in 2012

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• Blue Water Withdrawals for Agriculture Use: 2.140 BCM in 2012 (DGGREE 2012 Annual Report)• Non Conventional Water for Agriculture Use: 0.025 BCM (DGGREE 2012 Annual Report)• Annual Total Water Withdrawals: (Withdrawals for Domestic Water Use+ Withdrawals for Industrial

Water Use + Withdrawals for Agricultural Water Use) = (0.495 + 0.089 + 2.165) = 2.749 BCM• Green Water Consumption for Agricultural water use= 5.500 BCM in 2012• Total Agricultural Water Uses= Withdrawals for Agricultural Water Use (Blue water+ Non-

conventional water) + Green Water Consumption for Agricultural water use = (2.165)+( 5.500) =7.665 BCM in 2012

• Withdrawals from Blue Surface Water = 0.615 BCM in 2012/13 (Source DGBGTH)• Withdrawals from Blue Renewable Groundwater = 1.511 BCM in 2010 (2012 data non available in

DGRE)• Withdrawals from Blue Non Renewable Groundwater = 0.610 BCM in 2010 (2012 data non available

in DGRE)• Total Withdrawals from Blue Water = (Withdrawals from Blue Surface Water) + (Withdrawals from

Blue Renewable Groundwater) + (Withdrawals from Blue Non Renewable Groundwater)• TWBW = (0.615) + (1.511) + (0.610) = 2.736 BCM in 2012• Agricultural Drainage Water Use= 0.020 BCM/Year (DGRE 2011)• Total Withdrawals from Non-Conventional Water Resources= (Withdrawals from treated Municipal

and Industrial Water) + (Withdrawals from Drainage Water) + (Withdrawals from Desalinated Water)• TWNCWR = (0.060) + (0.020) + (0.030) = 0.110 BCM (Source DGRE).• Green Water Consumption for Livestock Fodder Water Use = 0.760 BCM/Year• Bottled Water Production= 1.1 MCM in 2012 and 1.1 MCM in 2013 (Source Office of Hydrotherapy)• Specific Consumption: 106.88 l/capita in 2012 and 107.23 l/capita in 2013.

3. Water & Land Use Changes:

• Total Irrigated Agricultural Land: 421,000 ha (Source DGGREE)• Total Rain-Fed Agricultural Land: 4,953,550 ha (Source DGEDA 2013)• Total Forests Land: 1,151,218 ha (Source DGF: Results of the second national forest and pastoral

inventory 2010.)• Total Natural Pasture Land: 4,895,000 ha (Source DGF: Results of the second national forest and

pastoral inventory 2010.)• Urban Encroachment on Green Cover: 10,000 ha lost/Year• Impact of Urban Encroachment on Water Resources:

i) Decrease in groundwater recharge: • 10,000 ha lost/year, annual average precipitation depth: 253 mm, recharge rate: 5%, • Decrease of Groundwater Recharge: 0.253*10,000*104 *0.05 =1.26 MCM/Yearii) Decrease in water consumptions of Green Cover:• Water Use for Green Cover: 3,000 CM/Year


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• Decrease in water consumptions of Green Cover: 3,000* 10,000= 30 MCM/Yeariii) Increase in Surface Runoff: Decrease in groundwater recharge + Decrease in water consumptions

of Green Cover = 1, 26 + 30 = 31, 26 MCM/Yeariv) Increase in Domestic Water Withdrawals: • Between 2011 and 2012 SONEDE recorded an increase of 3% in the subscriber’s number and

of 7.5% in the volume of water consumed corresponding to 30 MCM more.

4. Water & Services:

Water Coverage and Accessibilility:

• Improved Urban Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 100% in 2012 (Source SONEDE 2012 Statistical Report)

• Improved Rural Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 93.4 % in 2012 (49.7% by SONEDE and 43.7% by DGGREE), (Source SONEDE 2012 Statistical Report and DGGREE 2012 Annual Report)

• Improved Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry) =97.8% in 2012 (Source SONEDE 2012 Statistical Report and DGGREE 2012 Annual Report)

• Improved Water Supply Coverage (JMP): 99% • Urban Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 85.4% in 2012 (Source ONAS 2012 Statistical Report)• Improved Urban Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 98.94% in 2009 (Source INS, 2012 data

NA)• Rural Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 5.1% (Source ONAS)• Improved Rural Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 83.95% in 2009 (Source INS, 2012 data NA)• Improved sanitation means: (i) the connection to the public sewerage network (ONAS and

municipalities), (ii) the discharge of wastewater into septic tanks, cesspools or seguia collectors. • Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 58.4% (Source ONAS)• Improved Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) = 94.44 % in 2009 (Source INS, 2012 data NA)

Water Infrastructure:

• Dam Storage Capacity (Installed): 2.152 BCM/year in 2012, Source: DGBGTH Dam Storage initial total capacity = 2.622 BCM/year

Dam Storage usable capacity = 2.152 BCM/year in 2012

Dam Storage usable capacity = 2.112 BCM/year in 10/09/2014

Calculated Dam Storage usable capacity = 1.948 BCM/year in 10/09/2014

• SONEDE Water Supply Capacity: is the sum of surface water supply capacity (treated water + desalinated water + deferrizated water) and groundwater supply capacity.

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SONEDE WSC = (0.4652 + 0.0254 + 0.0079) + (0.2566) = 0.4984 + 0.2566 = 0.755 BCM in 2012

DGGREE Rural Water Supply Capacity (NA) must be added, such as private desalinated water capacity (10 MCM/Year).

• SONEDE Desalination Capacity: 0.0254 BCM in 2012 (not included drinking water treatment and deferrization plants capacity).

Private Desalination stations must be added (10 MCM/Year).

5. Water & Energy:

• Electricity Generated Using Hydropower: 110.56 GWh/Year by 7 hydropower plants built between 1956 and 2003 (Source: STEG 2012)

• Hydropower as % of Total Generated Electricity: Electricity Generated Using Hydropower (GWh)/ Total Generated Electricity (GWh) = (110.56) / (14 123.2)*100 = (0.7) # 1 % in 2012 (Source: STEG 2012)

• Installed Hydropower Capacity: 66.00 MW in 2012 disaggregated as follows: (1) Nebeur Hydropower plant: 13 MW, (2) El Aroussia : 4.8 MW, (3) Fernana: 9.7 MW, (4) Kasseb: 0.66 MW, (5) Sidi Salem: 36 MW, (6) Bouheurtma: 1.2 MW, (7) and Sejnane: 0.6 MW (Source STEG 2012).

• Water Used to Generate Electricity: 830.8 MCM in 2012 disaggregated as follows: (1) Nebeur Hydropower plant: 44.5 MCM, (2) El Aroussia : 0.0 MCM, (3) Fernana: 37.9 MCM, (4) Kasseb: 32.4 MCM, (5) Sidi Salem: 701.7 MCM, (6) Bouheurtma: 14.3 MCM, (7) and Sejnane: 0.0 MCM (Source STEG 2012).

6. Water & Population:

• Internal Renewable Water Resources Per Capita = (Total Internal Renewable Blue Water Resources (TIRBWR) + Total Renewable Green Water Resources (TRGWR))/ Population = 3.854 BCM/Year + 13.000 BCM/Year)/ 10 776 400 capita = 1,564 CM/Capita/Year.

• Total Renewable Blue Water Resources Per Capita: (TRBWR)=((TRBSW)+(TRBG)-(OSWG))/ Population =((2.830) + (1.654) + (0.400))/10 776 400 = 4.084/ 10 776 400 = 378.9 CM/Capita/Year

• Total Renewable Water Resources Per Capita: (TRWR) = (TRBWR+TRGWR) Per Capita = (4.084+ 13.000)/ 10 776 400 = 17.084 / 10 776 400 = 1,585.3 CM/Capita/ Year.

• Total Available Water Resources Per Capita: (TAWR) = ((TCWR) + (TNCWR))/ Population) = ((17.694)+ (0.446))/ 10 776 400 = 1,683.0 CM/Capita/Year.

• Blue Water Withdrawal Per Capita: Total Withdrawals from Blue Water = (Withdrawals from Blue Surface Water) + (Withdrawals from Blue Renewable Groundwater) + (Withdrawals from Blue Non Renewable Groundwater)

TWBW = (0.615) + (1.511) + (0.610) = 2.736 BCM in 2012

Blue Water Withdrawal Per Capita: 2.736 BCM /10 766 400 = 254 CM/Capita/Year


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• Green Water Use Per Capita: Total Renewable Green Water Resources (TRGWR)/ Population: (13.000 BCM/Year)/ 10 776 400 = 1206 CM/Capita/Year.

• Total Water Consumption Per Capita: (Blue Water Withdrawal + Green Water Use)/ Population = (2.736+ 13.000 BCM/Year)/ 10 776 400 = 15.736 / 10 776 400 = 1460 CM/Capita/Year.

• Agricultural Water Withdrawal Per Capita: (Blue water+ Non-conventional water) = (2.140)+ (0.025)= 2.165 / 10 776 400 = 201 CM /Capita/Year in 2012

• Industrial Water Withdrawal Per Capita: (Water Supply by SONEDE) + (Own resources: private wells) +(Mineral water plants) = (0.046) +(0.042) + (0. 001) = 0.089 BCM/Year

Industrial Water Withdrawal Per Capita: 0.089 /10 776 000 = 8.25 CM /Capita/Year in 2012

• Domestic Water Withdrawal Per Capita: (Water Supply by SONEDE) + (Water Supply by DGGREE)= (0.451) + (0.044)= 0.495 BCM/Year (Source: SONEDE 2012 Annual report and DGGREE 2012 Annual report)

Domestic Water Withdrawal Per Capita = (0.495 BCM/Year)/ 10 776 400 = 46 CM /Capita/Year in 2012

• Population without Improved Water Supply: 240 000 inhabitants in 2012 (Source SONEDE and DGGREE 2012))

239 900 inhabitants in 2012 (Source INS 2012)

• Population without Improved Sanitation: 579 700 inhabitants in 2012 (Source INS)

7. Water & Health:

• Diarrhea Prevalence (% of children under 5 years old) = 6.48% in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The annual Average 2000-2013 is 5.80%.

• Dracunculiasis Reported Cases (%) = 0.00 % in 2012 (Source DHMPE), unsignaled in Tunisia for a long time.

• Open Defecation Practice (Number) = (85 218 households *4.09)= 348 540 inhabitants in 2012 (Source INS, RGPH 2009 edited in 2012)

• Percentage of Open Defecation (%) = (348 540)/ (10 776 400) = 3.2 % (Source INS, RGPH 2009 edited in 2012)

• Cholera Reported Cases (Number per year) = 0.00 % in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The Annual Average 2000-2013 is 0.00 %.

• Hepatitis A Reported Cases = 412 new reported cases in 2012 (Source DHMPE)Incidence rate (Cases number /100 000 inhabitants) = 3.82 in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The Annual Average 2000-2013 is 7.33 %

• Typhoid fever Reported Cases = 28 new reported cases in 2012 (Source DHMPE)• Incidence rate (Cases number /100 000 inhabitants) = 0.26 in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The Annual

Average 2000-2013 is 0.55 %

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8. Water & Quality:

Institutions that ensure monitoring and evaluation of water quality are: (i) DGRE (BIRH) for the quality of natural water through its network (TDS, nitrates), (ii) SONEDE for physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water (50 000 samples /year), (iii) DHMPE also performs control operations on public wells and water supply networks (residual chlorine and bacteriological analyzes) on drinking water, wastewater, and treated wastewater (total of 50 000 samples / year), (iv) ONAS for water at the entrance and exit of its WWTP, (v) and ANPE for controlling water pollution (COPEAU) in receiving environments.

The 2012 data were drawn from the 2012 annual report of ANPE related to the network of monitoring water quality in Tunisia, being edited.

This network is composed of water sampling stations, installed on: (i) three watersheds (wadi Medjerda, wadi Miliane and wadi El Bey), (ii) three lagoons (Bizerte, Ghar El Melh and Halg El Menjel) (iii) sebkha of Korba, (iv) wadis and dams in the north of Tunisia, (v) and groundwater resources. This network has undergone modifications and extensions in recent years. At least two sampling campaigns are conducted annually and the results are published in the corresponding directory.

Table 11. Water Quality parameters (2012 data)Dissolved Oxygen (mg O2/l)

pH Electric Conductivity(mS/cm)

Nitrogen Concentration (mg/l) # NO3

Phosphorus Concentration(mg/l) # PO4

TDS(mg/l)

Medjerda Watershed main stream, up to down(March-April 2012)

7.7-8.5 7.8-11.2 1.5-2.5 NA 1.3-33 730-1,480

Miliane Watershed main stream, up to down(February-September 2012)

1.6-4.1<PNT 09.85 (6 mg/l)

8.0-8.3Conform to PNT 09.85

1.5-13.6 NA 0.7-10.0 1,130-7,900

Wadi El Bey (February-November 2012)

NA 6.16-9.0 1.1-11.41 3.0-150 NA 713-6,112

Bizerte lagoon(January-December 2012)

NA 7.7-8.77 1.73-46.8 2.0-128.2 0.1-71.8 950-37,800

Jendouba dams (April 2012) 4.9-6.4 7.8-8.4 0.13-1.22 NA 1.3-13.8 60-600

Beja dams (April 2012) 5.39-6.45 8.0-8.4 0.22-0.45 NA 0.4-9.7 110-220

Bizerte dams (September 2012)

4.6-6.06 8.41-8.77 0.4-1.06 NA NA 201-534

Nabeul dams (January 2012) NA 8.7-8.8 0.25-4.2 NA 0.3-3.7 300-3,000

Nabeul Groundwater (January 2012)

NA 8.4-8.7 2.0-7.0 NA 0.1-0.7 1,200-5,500

Kairouan Groundwater (February 2012)

NA 8.2-8.5 0.5-4.2 2.5-8.5 0.05-1.7 400-3,500

Sfax Groundwater(January 2012)

NA 7.5-8.5 2.2-6.5 NA NA 1,500-4,300

Source: ANPE, Réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l’eau en Tunisie- Rapport annuel 2012.

Water quality must comply with the NT.09.14 standard, which specifies the values of the following parameters should be as follows: pH between 6-9, Conductivity 180 micro-Siemens / cm, Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg / l, Nitrates between 10-50 mg / l, Phosphorus 0.05-0.2 mg / l, Phosphates 0.1-0.5 mg /


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l, and Total Choliform 500-1000 units / 100 ml.

Regarding the bacteriological analysis, SONEDE conducted in 2012 bacteriological analysis of 48,251 samples. Different analyzes have resulted in an average percentage of 98.5% suitable cases.

The table below summarizes the evolution of sampling and bacteriological analysis for the period (1995-2012):

The average percentage of cases unsuitable for all Tunisia, at 1.5% in 2012, is still below the limit required by the NT 09.14 and 5% threshold tolerated by the World Health Organization standard.

Table 12. Bacteriological analysis, historical data (1995-2012)

Source: SONEDE

9. Water & Ecosystems:

Wetlands in Tunisia:

Tunisia has:

• 211 natural wetlands, and• 866 artificial wetlands. Tunisia has (in 2013), 40 wetlands of international importance, on the list of the RAMSAR Convention, which contributes to the conservation and enhancement of wetlands in the world.

2007 State: 19 wetlands in Tunisia covering an area of 713,903 ha

2012 State: 35 wetlands in Tunisia covering an area of 877,467 ha

2013 State: 40 wetlands in Tunisia covering an area of 1,608,024 ha

Table 13. State of 2013 RAMSAR sites

Name of the Wetland Registration date on the list of the Ramsar Convention Governorate Area (ha)

Sebkhet Sijoumi 07/10/2007 Tunis 2,979

Ghar el Melh Lagoon & Delta of Medjerda 07/10/2007 Bizerte and Ariana 10,168

Ichkeul Lake 24/03/1981 Bizerte 12,600

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Name of the Wetland Registration date on the list of the Ramsar Convention Governorate Area (ha)

Lake and bog of Majel Ech Chitan 07/10/2007 Bizerte 7

Lebna Dam 07/10/2007 Nabeul 1,174

Lagoon od Eastern Cap Bon 07/10/2007 Nabeul 504

Sebkhet Soliman 07/10/2007 Nabeul 808

Oued el Hajar Dam 02/02/2012 Nabeul 254

Sidi Abdelmoumen Dam 02/02/2012 Nabeul 31

Sidi el Barrak Dam 02/02/2012 Beja 2,734

Dar Fatma Bogs 07/10/2007 Jendouba 20

Ain Dahab 07/10/2007 Siliana 560

Sabkhet Halk el Menzel & Oued Essed 02/02/2012 Sousse 1,450

Sabkhet el Kelbia 07/10/2007 Sousse 8,732

Sabkhet Sidi el Hani 02/02/2012 Sousse 36,000

Sidi Saad Dam 02/02/2012 Kairouan 8,650

Merguellil Dam 02/02/2012 Kairouan 20,000

Monastir Salines 02/02/2012 Monastir 1,000

Sabkhet Noual 07/10/2007 Sidi Bouzid 17,060

Thyna Saline 07/10/2007 Sfax 3,343

Kerkennah 02/02/2012 Sfax 15,000

Kneiss islands with intertidal zones 07/10/2007 Sfax 22,027

Oued Rmal 02/02/2012 Zaghouan 620

Garaet Douza 02/02/2012 Gafsa 1,400

Gorges of Thelja 02/02/2012 Gafsa 675

Chott el Guettar 02/02/2012 Gafsa 7,400

Chott el Djerid 07/10/2007 Tozeur and Kebili 586,187

Oasis Wetlands of Kebili 07/10/2007 Kebili 2,419

Djerba Ras Rmel 07/10/2007 Mednine 1,856

Djerba Guellala 07/10/2007 Mednine 2,285

Djerba Bin el Ouedian 07/10/2007 Mednine 12,082

Bhiret el Bibane 07/10/2007 Mednine 39,266

Gulf of Boughrara 02/02/2012 Mednine 50,000

Oued Dekouk 02/02/2012 Tataouine 5,750

Garaet Sidi Mansour 07/10/2007 Gafsa 2,426

Tunis Lake 2013 Tunis/Ben Arous 2,243

Ghedir El Goulla and Mornaguia dams 2013 Manouba/Tunis 273

Melaabi Dam 2013 Nabeul 98

Complex Wetlands of Chott El Guettaia & Sebkhet Dreiaa with Akarit, Rekhama et El Maleh wadis

2013Sfax

Gabes4,845

Complex Wetlands of Sebkhet Oum Ez-Zessar & Sebkhet El Grine 2013 Mednine 9,195

Total : 40 1,608,024


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In Tunisia, the wetlands support 260 terrestrial plant species, 50 aquatic plant species and 140 bird species, most of which are migratory. Wetlands host annually in winter, more than 500,000 birds from Asia and Europe. For example, Tunisia is home to an annual average of 250,000 ducks and coots in January, 58% of the Maghrebian population and 25,000 flamingos, one-third of the Mediterranean population.

Water& Ecosystems indicators (2012) are:

• Number of Wetlands Sites Acknowledged by RAMSAR: 35 (2012) then 40 (2013)• Total Wetlands areas: 877,467 (2012) then 1,608,024 ha (2013)• Total Freshwater Species Count: 260 terrestrial plant species, 50 aquatic plant species,140 bird species

( most of which are migratory) • Number of Endangered Species: Several species (>10) • Number of Invasive Species: >500,000 birds in winter from Asia and Europe (ducks, coots and

flamingos).Source:

(i) Les zones humides d’importance internationale en Tunisie, 35 sites RAMSAR ; WWF, MAVA Fondation pour la nature, MA DGF.

(ii) Atlas des aires protégées en Tunisie

10. Water & Socio-Economics:

Water Productivity:

• Industrial Water Productivity: Industrial GDP/( Industrial Water Withdrawal), Economic Value added (in US$) per cubic meter of water withdrawn by industry.

IWP=12.93475 (B$)/0.089 (BCM/Year)= 145.33 $/CM in 2012

Source INS, DGRE.

• Agricultural Water Productivity: Economic Value added (in US$) per cubic meter of water withdrawn by agriculture: it is the gross agricultural revenue divided by the total agricultural water consumption (including irrigation withdrawals and rain fed agriculture green water consumption)

AWP=3.89392 (B$)/7.665 (BCM/Year) = 0.51 $/CM in 2012.

Source: INS, DGRE, DGGREE.

• Employment in Agriculture “Job Per Drop”: The ratio of total labor employed in Agriculture to the total agricultural withdrawals (including irrigation withdrawals and rain fed agriculture green water consumption) = 55,012 persons/7.665 BCM/Year= 71.75 Jobs/MCM in 2012.

Source: INS, DGRE, DGGREE.

• Employment in Industry “Job Per Drop”: The ratio of total labor employed in Industry to the total

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industrial withdrawals= 1,037,437 persons/0.089 BCM/Year= 11, 993.67 Jobs/MCM in 2012.Source INS, DGRE.

Tariffs & Affordability:

• Water and Sanitation Charges as % Average Household Income: Data are for 2010 because the survey is quinquennial.

Water and Sanitation Charges= 22.996 DT (Invoice) +3.015 DT (Water tanks) +6.645 DT (Mineral water) = 32.656 DT per person in 2010 (Source: INS)

Average Household Income: 4,861.1 DT in 2010 (Source INS).

Water and Sanitation Charges as % Average Household Income= 32.656 DT*100/4,861.1 DT = 0.7% in 2012

11. Water & Finance:

• Percentage of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector: Water and Sanitation Budget/Total National Budget

2012 Value: Water & Sanitation Budget = 492.8 MTDN= 308.9856 106 $, Total National Budget =25,551.0 MTDN = 16,020.447 106 $ and % of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector is 308.9856 106 $/ 16, 020.447 106 $ = 1.9%.

2013 Value: % of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector is: 1.8%.

Source: INS, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, ONAS, DHMPE.

• Percentage of GDP directed to Sanitation and Hygiene: Sanitation and Hygiene Budget/GDP2012 Value: Sanitation and Hygiene Budget = 91.5 MTDN = 57.3705 106 $, GDP = 70,584.6 MTDN = 44.256544 109 $ and % of GDP for Sanitation and Hygiene is 57.3705 106 $/44.256544 109 $ = 0.13%.

2013 Value: % of GDP for Sanitation and Hygiene is also: 0.13%

Source: INS, ONAS, DHMPE

• Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Water Supply and Sanitation =80.7% in 2012 (Source SONEDE)

• Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Irrigation =64% in 2012 (Source DGGREE)• Foreign Aid for Water and Sanitation: Not Available

12. Water & Trade:

Hoekstra and Chapagain (2001) provided reference tables that provide the approximate volume of water needed to produce one kilogram of different crop, animal, and industrial products. Therefore, the volume


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of water used to produce a certain product can be estimated by multiplying these reference values (or any similar values provided in the national and global literature) by the total annual produced amount of the same product. In the same manner, it is possible to estimate the amount of water embedded in imported and exported products

• Virtual Water Imports, Exports and Virtual-Water Net Flow Related to Trade in the Agricultural Sector:

Virtual Water Imports: 10 225.342 MCM in 2012

Virtual Water Exports: 6 032.021 MCM in 2012

Virtual-Water Net Flow: 4 193.321 MCM in 2012

Source: DGCE (Ministry of Trade)

Table 14. Virtual-water net flow: importation/exportation 2012 Item Virtual Water Imports

MCM (1)Virtual Water ExportsMCM (2)

Virtual-Water Net FlowMCM (3)(3)=(1)-(2) expressedin (+x MCM or –x MCM)

Wheat and Flour 2,177.738992 2.674670 2,175.064322

Maize 777.317715 1.363500 775.954215

Rice 40.678996 0 40.678996

Barley 692.821940 0 692.821940

Potatoes 3.120180 1.214565 1.905615

Pulses (total) 22.403842 2.080244 20.323598

Vegetables (total) 7.645755 9.726600 -2.080845

Fruits (total) 5.485025 72.199400 -66.714375

Sugar (Refined) 738.920811 1.361874 737.558937

Fats & Oils (total) 5,479.956000 5,689.260000 -209.304000

Red Meat 153.792228 0.743856 153.048372

Poultry Meat 6.322140 3.431142 2.890998

Eggs 1.198800 0 1.198800

Milk & Dairy products. 117.940000 247.965000 -130.025000

Total 10,225.342 424 6,032.020 851 4,193.321 573

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Figure 3. Virtual-water net flow: importation/exportation 2012 (Graph)

13. Water & Governance:

- Physical Domestic Water Losses:

Water losses:

Water losses are either, visible (commercial) losses or actual (physical) losses. It is for this reason that the IWA uses the concept of volume not sold or unbilled water: Non Revenue Water (NRW) in establishing water balance. The concept of Water Not recorded (unaccounted For Water: UFW) is increasingly neglected also because of the confusion it could generate as a result of different interpretations.

Apparent water losses or Commercial losses (CL): is the volume of water consumed but integrated into losses due to measurement errors (imprecision meters) and consumption diverted (fraud).

Actual water losses or Physical losses (PL): is the volume of effective water loss from service to the subscriber meter. They cover all types of leaks (pipes, connections), pipes rupture, overflowing tanks, etc…

The losses distribution on SONEDE water supply networks in 2012 is recorded as follows:


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Table 15. Commercial & Physical Water Losses on SONEDE networks (2012)

Losses Production Distribution Total

MCM % MCM % MCM %

Commercial Water Losses 12.1 7.5 22.2 13.8 34.3 21.3

Physical Domestic Water Losses 39.2 24.3 87.7 54.4 126.8 78.7

Total 51.3 31.8 109.9 68.2 161.2 100.0

• Overall Water Use Efficiency: 100* ((Withdrawals from Original Sources- Wastewater and Drainage outflows) / Withdrawals from Original Sources)

Withdrawals from Original Sources= Withdrawals from surface water, renewable and non-renewable groundwater, and desalinated water = 0.615 + 1.511 + 0.610 +0.030 = 2.766 BCM in 2012

Wastewater and Drainage Outflows: Wastewater and Agricultural Drainage flowing out of the system= (0.232- 0.060) + (0.140 – 0.020) = 0.292 BCM in 2012.

Overall Water Use Efficiency: 100*(2.766 – 0.292)/ (2.766) = 89.5 % in 2012.

Source: DGBGTH, DGRE, DGGREE, SONEDE, ONAS

• Water Sustainability/ Depletion Index: is the ratio of the Total Withdrawals from Original sources including green water consumptions by rainfed agriculture to The Total Renewable Water Resources (Blue and Green Water).

TSI = (2.766+ 5.5)/ (4.084+ 13.000) = 48.4 % in 2012.

Source: DGBGTH, DGRE, DGGREE, SONEDE, ONAS.

• Number of Water Users Associations: 2580 Groupings of Agricultural Development, composed of: 1327 WUA (GAD) for Water Supply and 1253 WUA (GAD) for Irrigation

• Water Users Associations Agricultural Land Coverage: 200,000 ha covered by Irrigation WUA, representing 47, 5% of Irrigated areas (421,000 ha), and 1.0 % of Agricultural land (19,759,500 ha) in 2012.

14. Water & International Relations:

• Transboundary Water bodies’ dependency Ratio: the percent of annual volumes abstracted from transboundary water bodies to total annual available water resources.

Annual volumes abstracted from transboundary water body = (Total External Renewable Blue Water Resources Inflow) + (Withdrawals from NWSAS Blue Non Renewable Groundwater)+ (Withdrawals from Djeffara plain Groundwater) = (0.320+ 0.100) + (0.610)+ (0.149)= 1.179 BCM/Year

Total Annual Available Water Resources= 18.140 BCM/Year

TWBDR = (1.179)/ (18.140) = 6.5 % in 2012

• Shared Waters related Bilateral/ Multilateral Agreements and/or Memorandums of Understanding and Cooperation Mechanisms: Currently there is only the Concertation mechanism launched in

83

Indicators Values


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INA

December 2007.• Number of Shared Water Resources: Mainly 2 Shared Aquifers (NWSAS shared by Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia; and Djeffara plain by Libya and Tunisia), then the Transboundary Medjerda watershed shared by Algeria and Tunisia.

• Number of Riparians sharing all shared water bodies: estimated at 1,700,000 riparians, distributed as follows: Shared Medjerda river ((400,000 inhab), Djeffara plain (600,000 inhab), and NWSAS (700,000 Inhab).


MEW

INA

4.2.

The

Nor

th W

este

rn S

ahar

a A

quife

r SO

W D

ata

Tabl

e 16

. Nor

th W

este

rn S

ahar

a A

quife

r Sy

stem

dat

a sh

eet

indi

catin

g th

e va

lues

ass

igne

d to

eac

h in

dica

tor,

unit,

mea

sure

men

t ye

ar, a

nd s

ourc

e

Who

le A

quife

r In

dica

tors

Uni

tsW

hole

A

quife

r Va

lue

(201

2)

Alg

eria

(2

012)

Liby

a(2

012)

Tuni

sia

(201

2)N

otes

So

urce

Wat

er &

Ava

ilabi

lity

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le G

roun

dwat

er (I

RG)

BCM

/Yea

r1.

1 0.

6 0.

27

0.2

Sour

ce: O

SS

Tota

l Exp

loita

ble

Non

-Ren

ewab

le G

roun

d W

ater

Re

sour

ces

BCM

/Yea

r7.

745

6.10

2 0.

946

0.6

97So

urce

: OSS

,N

WSA

Sm

odel

Sce

nari

o

Coun

try’

s A

rea

Insi

de T

he A

quife

rkm

2 (M

appe

d)1,

000,

000

670,

000

250,

000

80,0

00

Sour

ce: 0

SS

Pote

ntial

Vol

ume

for

Each

Cou

ntry

BCM

30,0

0020

,388

7,

282

2,33

0 So

urce

: Bab

aSy,

OSS

In

flow

to E

ach

Coun

try

BCM

/Yea

r 1

.10.

6 0.

27

0.2

201

2

Outf

low

from

Eac

h Co

untr

yBC

M/Y

ear

2.82

31.

975

0.29

6 0.

551

Out

lets

Pieo

zom

etri

c W

ater

Hea

dsM

eter

s (M

appe

d)

M

appe

d

Dep

th fr

om w

ater

to B

asem

ent/

Con

finin

g La

yer

(Unc

onfin

ed A

quife

r)M

eter

s (M

appe

d) -

- -

- M

appe

d

Dep

th to

Wat

er T

able

(Unc

onfin

ed A

quife

r)M

eter

s (M

appe

d) -

- -

- M

appe

d

Dep

th to

Pie

ozom

etri

c Su

rfac

e (C

onfin

ed

Aqu

ifer)

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

- -

- -

Map

ped

Dep

th to

the

bott

om o

f con

fined

lay

er (C

onfin

ed

aqui

fer)

Met

ers

(Map

ped)

- -

- -

Map

ped

Wat

er &

Use

s

W

ithdr

awal

s fr

om B

lue

Gro

undw

ater

BCM

/Yea

r2.

784

2.00

6 0.

258

0.52

So

urce

: Cou

ntri

es

With

draw

als

from

Exp

loita

ble

Non

-Ren

ewab

le

Gro

undw

ater

BCM

/Yea

r1.

684

1.4

060

0.32

20

12

Extr

actio

n Zo

nes

of T

he A

quife

rN

umbe

rs/

Map

ped

83

3 2

-Alg

eria

: Art

esia

n Ba

sin,

Occ

iden

tal

Basi

n, M

ya W

adi

-Lib

ya: G

hada

mes

, Juf

ra, S

yrte

-Tun

isia

: Cho

tts,

Tun

isia

n O

utle

t

Ann

ually

Obs

erve

d D

raw

dow

n (A

vera

ge&

Map

ped)

Met

ers

1.41

2.

05

1.07

1.

12

Sour

ce: C

ount

ries

Wat

er &

Lan

d U

se C

hang

e

Tota

l Irr

igat

ed A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

ha27

0,00

0 20

2,00

0 30

,000

38

,000

O

SS 2

012

85

Indicators Values


MEW

INA

Tota

l Rai

nfed

Agr

icul

tura

l Lan

dha

- -

-13

3,30

0 D

GED

A 2

012

Tota

l Pas

ture

Are

aha

- -

-2,

377,

150

DG

EDA

, 201

2 To

tal F

ores

ts A

rea

ha-

--

5,86

0 D

GED

A, 2

012

Urb

an E

ncro

achm

ent o

n A

gric

ultu

ral L

and

ha/Y

ear

- -

- In

sign

ifica

nt

-Th

e D

ecre

ase

in G

roun

dwat

er R

echa

rge

caus

ed

by U

rban

Enc

roac

hmen

tBC

M/Y

ear

- -

- In

sign

ifica

nt

-

Wat

er &

Pop

ulati

on

Tota

l Aqu

ifer

boun

d an

d de

pend

ent p

opul

ation

Num

ber

4,80

0,00

0 3,

000,

000

1,10

0,00

0 70

0,00

0 Es

timati

on 2

012

Inte

rnal

Ren

ewab

le W

ater

Res

ourc

es P

er C

apita

CM/C

apita

239

200

245

286

- G

roun

dwat

er W

ithdr

awal

Per

Cap

itaCM

/Cap

ita58

0 66

9 23

4.5

743

2012

Wat

er &

Qua

lity

Conc

entr

ation

of C

hlor

ide

in T

he A

quife

rs

Dom

ain

PPM

/ M

appe

d-

- -

NA

-

Nitr

ate

Conc

entr

ation

PPM

/ M

appe

d-

- -

NA

-

Elec

tric

Con

ducti

vity

1/O

HM

(S/M

) -

- -

NA

-To

tal D

isso

lved

Sol

ids

PPM

/ M

appe

d14

4-97

22

144-

9722

-

1440

-520

0 O

SS (M

appe

d)

Fluo

ride

Con

cent

ratio

nPP

M/

Map

ped

- -

- N

A -

Wat

er &

Eco

syst

ems

Num

ber

of G

roun

dwat

er B

ased

Eco

syst

ems

Num

ber

- -

-6

Ecos

yste

ms

(Wet

land

s)

1.S

ebkh

et G

uett

ar -

Gaf

sa2.

Sebk

hat E

l Ham

ma

- Gab

es3.

Cho

tt F

edje

j4.

Chott

Dje

rid

5.Ch

ott G

hars

a6.

Arti

ficia

l lak

es –

Kebi

liTO

TAL

ARE

A: 1

,347

,600

ha

3 Ec

osys

tem

s (N

ation

al

Park

s)

1.Je

bil-K

ebili

2.D

ghou

mes

-Toz

eur

3.Sa

nger

Jabb

es-T

atao

uine

TOTA

L A

REA

: 44

5,00

0 ha

2 Ec

osys

tem

s (W

ildlif

e Pa

rks)

1.Th

elja

-Gaf

sa2.

Oue

d Ed

kouk

-Tat

aoui

neTO

TAL

ARE

A :

8675

ha


MEW

INA

Num

ber

of R

AM

SAR

Wet

land

s in

The

Aqu

ifer

Dom

ain

Num

ber

--

- 7

1. G

araa

t Sid

i Man

sour

-Gaf

sa2.

Cho

tt D

jeri

d3.

Oas

is o

f Keb

ili4.

Oue

d D

ebou

k - T

atao

uine

5.G

orge

s of

The

lja -

Gaf

sa6.

Chott

Gue

ttar

- Gaf

sa7.

Chott

Gue

taya

te- G

abes

TOTA

L A

REA

: 60

9,70

2 ha

Num

ber

of E

ndan

gere

d Sp

ecie

sN

umbe

r-

- -

NA

-N

umbe

r of

Inva

sive

Spe

cies

Num

ber

- -

- N

A

-

Wat

er &

Gov

erna

nce

IWRM

Pla

n (Y

es/N

o)Ye

s/N

oN

o -

- N

o -

Wel

l Per

mits

to d

ate

CM/C

apita

- -

- 80

2

012

Volu

met

ric

Gro

undw

ater

Rig

hts

BCM

/Yea

r-

-

0.01

35

201

2

Unl

icen

sed

Gro

undw

ater

Abs

trac

tions

BCM

/Yea

r-

- -

4168

Wat

er p

oint

s0.

222B

CM /

Yea

r 2

008

Wat

er &

Inte

rnati

onal

Rel

ation

s

Dep

ende

ncy

Ratio

of E

ach

Ripa

rian

Cou

ntry

%3

61

2.9

520

/18,

140=

2.9

Bila

tera

l / M

ultil

ater

al A

gree

men

ts &

Co

oper

ation

Pro

toco

l or

MO

Us

Betw

een

Ripa

rian

sN

umbe

r1

1 1

1 C

once

rtati

on M

echa

nism

Pres

ence

of O

ther

Tra

nsbo

udra

y Bo

dies

in

Ripa

rian

Cou

ntri

esN

umbe

r10

3 (N

WSA

S+Ta

oude

ni+M

edje

rda

rive

r)

4(N

WSA

S +

NSA

S +

Dje

ffara

+

Mor

zouk

ba

sin)

3 (N

WSA

S +

Dje

ffara

pl

ain

+ , M

edje

rda

shar

ed r

iver

)

87

Analysis & Trends


MEW

INA

5. Analysis & Trends

5.1. Analysis of the National State of Water

Table 17. Analysis of the National SOW (Additional specific indicators and Historical Data)

Indicator Category Data Source Additional specific indi-cators (22)

Historical data

Water& Availability Available for 2012 DGRE, DGGREE, SONEDE, ONAS No specific indicators -Annual Average Precipitation Depth:1983-2013-Annual Average Precipitation Volume: 1983-2013-IRSW: 1968-2012-IRGW: 1968-2012-TIRBWR: 1968-2012-TMIW: 1990-2012-Reused TMIW: 1990-2012

Water& Uses Available for 2012 DGRE, DGBGTH, DGGREE, SONEDE, ONAS

-Green Water Consump-tion for Livestock Fodder Water Use -Bottled Water Produc-tion

-Withdrawal from Domestic Water Use:2002-2013-Withdrawal for Industrial Water Use: 2002-2013-Withdrawal from BSW: 2008-2013-Withdrawal from BRGW: 2001-2011--Withdrawal from BNRGW: 2001-2011-Withdrawal from Desalinated Water: 2007-2012

Water& Land Use Changes

Some data not available for 2012

DGGREE, DGPA, DG FORETS, OEP No specific indicators -Total Irrigated Agricultural Land:1970-2012-Total Forests Land: 1995-2000 -Total Pasture Land: 1995-2000

Water& Services Available for 2012 DGGREE, SONEDE, ONAS, INS -Wastewater Collection Capacity

-Improved Urban Water Sup-ply Coverage: 1984-2012-Improved Rural WSC: 1984-2012-Improved Urban Sanitation Coverage: 1994-2012-Improved Water Supply Cov-erage:1984-2012-Length of WS networks: 1983-2012 (SONEDE) & 1965-2012 (DGGREE)

Water & Energy Available for 2012 STEG, DGBGTH -Water used to generate Electricity

-Electricity Generated using Hydropower: 2000-2012-Installed Hydropower Capaci-ty: 1965-2012-Water Used to generate Elec-tricity:2008-2012

Water & Population Available for 2012 DGRE, DGGREE, SONEDE, INS No specific indicators -Total Population: 1921-2013-Population without improved WS: 1993-2013-Population without improved Sanitation: 1966-2009


MEW

INA

Water & Quality Available for 2012 ANPE, SONEDE, DHMPE, ONAS -Fecal Choliform -Dissolved Oxygen: 2010-2012 (COPEAU Directory)-pH: 2004-2012 (CD)-Electric Conductivity: 2011-2012 (CD)-Nitrogen: 2004-2012 (CD)-Phosphorous: 2006-2012-TDS: 2004-2006-Fecal Choliform: 1995-2012

Water& Health Available for 2012 DHMPE -Cholera reported cases-Typhoid reported cases-Hepatitis A reported cases

-Diarrhea Prevalence: 2000-2013-Cholera reported cases: 2000-2013-Hepatitis A reported cases: 2000-2013-Typhoid Fever reported cases: 2000-2013

Water & Climate Available for 2012 DGRE -Drought events-Cost of annual damage caused by floods- Cost of annual damage caused by droughts-Annual Human Losses related to Floods- Annual Human Losses related to Droughts-Unusual Weather events (Snow, Hail,…)-National CC Adaptation Plan

-Flood-Events: 1969-2012-Drought Events: 1969-2013-Drougths-Floods:861-2013-Unusual Weather: Events:1983-2012

Water & Socio-Eco-nomics

Sometimes not available for 2012

DGRE, DGGREE, CGABE, INS No specific indicators -Water and Sanitation Charges as % of Average Household Income: 1980-2010

Water & Finance Sometimes not available for 2012

CGABE, Ministry of cooperation and regional development

No specific indicators -Percentage of National Bud-get directed to Water & Sani-tation: 2008-2013-Percent of GDP directed to Sanitation & Hygiene: 2008-2013

Water& Trade Data available for 2012 Ministry of Trade, DGCE No specific indicators --Virtual Water Imports relat-ed to trade in the agricultural sector: 1993-2003- Virtual Water IExports relat-ed to trade in the agricultural sector: 1993-2003- Virtual Water Net Flow relat-ed to trade in the agricultural sector: 1993-2003

Water & Gover-nance

Some data not available for 2012

DGRE, BIRH, DGGREE, DGACTA, SONEDE, BPEH

-Commercial Water Losses-Physical Irrigation Water Losses-Number of Water relat-ed Citations (Water Laws Enforcement)- Number of Water Users Associations- Water Users Associa-tions Agricultural Land Coverage

--Surface Water Permits is-sued: 2008-2013-Total Volumetric Rights as-sociated with Surface Water Permits: 2008-2013-Groundwater Wells Permits: 2008-2013- Total Volumetric Water Rights associated with Well Permits: 2008-2013-Number of Water related Citations (Water Laws Enforce-ment): 2010-2013

Water & Interna-tional Relations

Available for 2012 DGRE, BPEH No specific indicators No Historical Data

89

Analysis & Trends


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5.2. Inventory of Available Historical Data for Each Indicator

Table 18. Inventory of available historical data, annual average, and 2012 values

Indicator Category Units Historical data Annual Average

Values2012 Remarks


Annual Average Precipitation Depth MM/Year1983/84-2012/13Figure 4

252.9 153.00 Source : DGRE Pluviometric Directories

Annual Average Precipitation Volume BCM/Year

1983/84-2012/13Figure 4

39.2 23.7 Source : DGRE Pluviometric Directories

Blue Water

Internal Renewable Surface Water (IRSW) BCM/Year 1968-2012

Figure 5

Last estimation2.700

2.700Division of the country into seven watershedsSuccessive estimations

Internal Renewable Groundwater (IRG) BCM/Year 1968-2012

Figure 5 1.554 1.554 Successive estimations

Total Internal Renewable Blue Water Resources (TIRBWR) =(IRSW+IRG) - (OSWG)

BCM/Year 1968-2012Figure 5 3.854 3.854 Successive estimations

External Surface Water Inflow (ESWI) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 0.320 0.320 DGRE

External Surface Water Outflow (ESWO) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 0.190 0.190 DGRE

External Groundwater Inflow (EGI) BCM/Year No Historical Data 0.100 0.100 DGRE

External Groundwater Outflow (EGO) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 0.000 0.000 DGRE

Total External Renewable Blue Water Resources Inflow (TERBWR) =(ESWI+EGI)

BCM/Year No Historical Data 0.420 0.420 DGRE

Total Renewable Blue Surface Water (TRBSW) = (IRSW) + (ESWI) -(ESWO)

BCM/Year No Historical Data 2.830 2.830 2.7 + 0.320 – 0.190 = 2.830

Total Renewable Blue Groundwater (TRBG)=(IRG)+(EGI)-(EGO) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 1.654 1.654 1.554 + 0.100 – 0.000 = 1.654

Overlap between Surface Water and Groundwater (OSW) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 0.400 0.400 DGRE

Total Renewable Blue Water Resources (TRBWR) = (TRBSW) + (TRBG )- (OSG)

BCM/Year No Historical Data 4.084 4.084 2.830 +1.654 – 0.400 =

4.084

Total Exploitable Non Renewable Groundwater (TENRG) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 0.610 0.610 in 2012 DGRE, OSS, CM

Total Blue Water Resources (BWR) = (TRBWR + TENRG) BCM/Year No Historical

Data 4.694 4.694 DGRE

Mobilization of Surface Water (specific indicator) BCM/Year 2010-2012 2.159 2.188 DGRE, DGBGTH

Green Water

Water for Rain-fed Agricultural Consumption BCM/Year No Historical

Data 5.500 5.500 DGRE, DGPA, DGEDA, DGF

Water for Rain-fed Pasture Consumption BCM/Year No Historical


Water for Rain-fed Forest Consumption BCM/Year No Historical



MEW

INA

Total Renewable Green Water Resources (TRGWR) BCM/Year No Historical


Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR) = (TRBWR + TRGWR) BCM/Year No Historical


Total Conventional Water Resources : (TCWR) = TRWR+ TNRG = TBWR + TRGWR

BCM/Year No Historical Data

17.69417.694

17.69417.694 DGRE, DGPA, DGEDA, DGF

Non Conventional Water

Produced Municipal Wastewater (PMW) BCM/Year No Historical

Data - 0.239 ONAS

Produced Industrial Wastewater (PIW) BCM/Year No Historical

Data - 0.037 ONAS

Produced Agricultural Drainage (PAD) BCM/Year No Historical

Data- - 0.140 DGGREE, DGRE (2011)

Produced Desalinated Water (PDW) BCM/Year 2007-2012Figure 11 - 0.030 SONEDE, DGRE (2011)

Total Non-Conventional Water Resources (TNCWR) = (PMW) +(PIW) + (PAD) + (PDW)

BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.446 DGRE, DGGREE, SONEDE,

ONAS

Total Available Water Resources (TAWR) = (TCWR) + (TNCWR) BCM/Year No Historical

Data - 18.140 DGRE

Treated Municipal and Industrial Wastewater BCM/Year 1990-2012 0.165 0.232 1990-2012

AA= 0.165 BCM

Reused Treated and Industrial Municipal Wastewater BCM/Year 1990-2012 0.042 0.06 1990-2012

AA= 0.042 BCM

Treated wastewater reused in agricultural irrigation BCM/Year 1990-2012 - 0.025

Counting the amount of water delivered or invoiced to CRDAs

Water & Uses

Withdrawals for Domestic Water Use

BCM/Year 2002-2013 - 0.495 SONEDE=0.451 DGGREE=0.044 TOT=0.495

Withdrawals for Industrial Water Use

BCM/Year 2002-2013-

0.089

SONEDE=0.046 MINERAL WATER= 0.001PRIVATE WELLS=0.042TOT= 0.089

Withdrawals for Agricultural Water Use (Blue water + Non-conventional water)

BCM/Year No Historical Data - 2.165 Counting volume of water

charged by GDA2.140 + 0.025 = 2.165

Annual Total Water Withdrawals BCM/Year No Historical Data - 2.749 0.495 + 0.089 + 2.165 =

2.749

Green Water consumptions for Agriculture Water Use BCM/Year No Historical

Data 5500 5.500 DGRE, 2012

Total Agricultural Water Uses BCM/Year No Historical Data - 7.665 DGGREE

Withdrawals From Blue Surface Water BCM/Year 2008-2013

Figure 8 0.589 0.615 DGBGTH, BIRH, 2012-13

Withdrawals From Blue Renewable Groundwater BCM/Year 2001-2011 for

Deep Aquifers (Figure 10)1980-2010 for Shallow Aquifers (Figure 9)

1.194 (Deep Aquifers

0.692 (Shallow Aquifers)

1.511 in 2010 1.590 in 2011,2012 data NA

Withdrawals from Non-Renewable Groundwater BCM/Year 2001-2011 0.610 0.610 in 2010 0.564 in 2011 (CI+CT)

Total Withdrawals from Blue Water BCM/Year No Historical Data - 2.736

0.615 + 1.511 + 0.610 = 2.736DGRE, 2012/13

91

Analysis & Trends


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Agricultural Drainage Water Use BCM/Year No Historical Data 0.020 0.020 DGRE, 2011

Withdrawal from Desalinated Water BCM/Year

2007-2012 (SONEDE)Figure 11

0.019 (SONEDE) 0.030 (SONEDE

+ Private)

SONEDE, 2012DGRE, 2011

Total Withdrawals From Non-Conventional Water Resources BCM/Year No Historical

Data - 0.110 0.060+0.030+0.020 =0.110

Green Water Consumption for Livestock Fodder Water Use BCM/Year 2002-2013 0.765 0.760 DGPA, DGEDA, DGSA,OEP,

2012

Bottled Water Production BCM/Year 2012-2013 0.001 0.001

0.001 BCM in 2013Office of Thermalism & Hydrotherapy 2012, 2013

Water &Land use Change

Total Irrigated Agricultural Land Ha 1970-2012Figure 12

301,807 421,000.00 DGGREE

Total Rain-Fed Agricultural Land ha No Historical Data - 4, 953,550.00 DGEDA

Total Pasture Land ha 1995-2012Figure 13 4, 509,320 4, 895,000.00 DGEDA

Total Forest Land ha 1995-2012Figure 13 1, 087,888 1, 151,218.00 DGF

Urban Encroachment on Green Cover ha lost/Year No Historical

Data - 10.00010.000 ha lost/Year estimatedDGACTA, OTEDD, CNT

Impact of Urban Encroachment on Water Resources (Indicators listed below)

Decrease in Groundwater Recharge

BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.00126 DGRE

Decrease in Water Consumptions of Green Cover

BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.030 DGEDA, DGPA, DGF

Increase in Surface Runoff BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.03126 DGRE

Increase in Domestic Water Withdrawals

BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.030 SONEDE, DGGREE

Water & Services

Water Coverage and Accessibilility

Improved Urban Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry) % 1984-2012

Figure 14 100 100 SONEDE

Improved Rural Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry) % 1984-2012

Figure 14 67.0 93.4 SONEDE (49.7%), DGGREE (43.7%)

Improved Urban Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) %

1994-2012Figure 15 74.5 85.4 ONAS

No Historical Data - 98.94 INS (2009)

2012 Data NA

Improved Rural Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) %

No Historical Data - 5.1 ONAS


2012 Data NA

Improved Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry)

% 1984-2012Figure 14 84.6 97.8 Urban + Rural

SONEDE, DGGREE

Improved Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry) %

No Historical Data - 58.4 ONAS


2012 Data NA


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Water Infrastructure

Length of Water Supply Networks Km

1983-2012 (SONEDE)Figure 161965-2012 (DGGREE)Figure17

SONEDE AA=31,563.5 kmDGGREE 29,643.95 km

SONEDE:48,459.00 km in 2012 ;DGGREE: 78,100.5TOTAL: 126,559.5 km

SONEDE, DGGREE,

Length of Seewage Networks Km 1975-2012Figure 18 7,019 15,364 0NAS

Length of Irrigation Networks Km No Historical Data - NA DGGREE

Length of Drainage NetworksKm No Historical

Data - NA DGGREE

Dam Storage Capacity (Installed) BCM No Historical Data - 2.152 DGBGTH, 2012

Water Supply Capacity BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.755 SONEDE, 2012

Desalination Capacity BCM/Year No Historical Data -

TOTAL: 0.030 - 0.025 (SONEDE, not included drinking water treatment and deferrization plants capacity)- 0.010 (Private stations)TOT: 0.035

SONEDE, DGRE, 2012

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Capacity BCM/Year 2008-2012 0.2934 0.2983 ONAS

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity

BCM/Year 2008-2012 0.0193 0.0193 ONAS

Wastewater Collection Capacity BCM/Year 2008-2012 0.2369 0.234 ONAS

Water & Energy

Electricity Generated Using Hydropower GWh/Year 2000-2012

Figure 19 82.3 110.56 2012, STEG, DGBGTH

Hydropower as percent of Total Generated Electricity % No Historical

Data 1.0 1.0 2012, STEG

Installed Hydropower Capacity MW 1956-2012Figure 20 1.16 66.0 2012, STEG

Water used to generate Electricity BCM/Year 2008-2012 0.503 205 0.830 848 2012, STEG, DGBGTH

Water & Population

Total Population 1000 inhabitants 1921-2013Figure 21 5,254.487 10,776.40 1966-2013 (INS) ;

10,982.754 in 2014 Census

Internal Renewable Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 1,564 DGRE, 2012

Total Renewable Blue Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 378.9 DGRE, 2012

Total Renewable Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 1,585.3 DGRE, 2012

Total Available Water Resources Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 1,683.0 DGRE, 2012

Blue Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita No Historical Data 254.00 DGRE, DGBGTH, 2010

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Green Water Use Per Capita CM/capita No Historical Data - 1,206.00 DGRE, DGGREE

Total Water Consumption Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 1,460.00 DGGREE, DGRE

Agricultural Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 201.00 DGGREE, DGRE

Industrial Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 8.25 DGRE

Domestic Water Withdrawal Per Capita CM/capita No Historical

Data - 46.0 SONEDE, DGGREE

Population Without Improved Water Supply 1000 inhabitants 1993-2013 -

-240 (SONEDE),-239.9(INS)

1993-2013 (INS)*(INS 2009)

Population Without Improved Sanitation 1000 inhabitants 1966-2009 - 579.700 (INS) 1966-2009 (INS)

*(INS 2009)

Water & Quality

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Ppm In hot spots of ANPE Control Network of Water Pollution2010-2012

-

V1 : 7.7-8.5V2 : 5.4-6.4V3 : NAV4 : NA

V1 : Medjerda WadiV2 : Beja damsV3 : Bizerte lagoonV4 : Nabeul Groundwater

pH Dimensionless

2004-2012 (Wadi El Bey, Korba lagoon, Bizerte lake)2006-2012: (Wadi Meliane Halg El Menzel logoon, Ghar El Melh lagoon)

-

V1 : 7.8-11.2V2 : 8.0-8.4V3 : 7.7-8.8V4 : 8.4-8.7


Electric Conductivity (EC) ( m S/cm)

In hot spots of ANPE Control Network of Water Pollution2010-2012

-

V1 : 1.5-2.5V2 : 0.2-0.5V3 : 1.7-46.8V4 : 2.0-7.0


Nitrogen Concentration (NO3)

ppm

2004-2012 (Wadi El Bey, Korba lagoon, Bizerte lake)2006-2012: (Wadi Meliane Halg El Menzel logoon Ghar El Melh lagoon)

-

V1 : NAV2 : NAV3 : 2.0-128.2V4 : NA


Phosphorous Concentration(PO4)

ppm

In hot spots of ANPE Control Network of Water Pollution2006-2012

-

V1 : 1.3-33.0V2 : 0.4-9.7V3 : 0.1-71.8V4 : 0.1-0.7


Total Dissolved Solids ppm

2004-2012 (Wadi El Bey, Korba lagoon, Bizerte lake)2006-2012: (Wadi Meliane Halg El Menzel logoon, Ghar El Melh lagoon)

-

V1 : 730-1480V2 : 110-220V3 : 950-37800V4 : 1200-5500


Bacteriological Analysis

-Number of samples

-Unsuitable Cases (UC) %

1995-2012 (SONEDE)

-48,050 samples

-48,251 samples-UC :1.5%

1.5% <NT 09-14 limit and < WHO threshold


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Fecal Choliform Colonies/100 ml 2009-2012SONEDE 1-3 1-3 Complies with the

standards

Water & Health

Diarrhea Prevalence % of children under 5 years old

2000-2013(Figure 22) 5.80 6.48 DHMPE, 2013

Dracunculiasis Reported Cases % 2000-2013 0.00 0.00 DHMPE, 2013

Open Defecation Practice Number No Historical Data - 348,540 INS, RGPH 2009

Percentage of Open Defecation % No Historical Data - 3.2 INS, RGPH 2009

Cholera Reported Cases Number/Year 2000-2013Figure 22 0.00 0.0 DHMPE, 2013

Typhoid fever reported cases

Number/year 2000-2013Figure 22 61 28

28 new reported cases in 2012DHME, 2013

Incidence rate (Cases number /100 000 inhabitants)

2000-2013Figure 22 0.55 0.26 DHMPE, 2013

Hepatitis A Reported Cases

Number/year 2000-2013Figure 22 675 412

412 new reported cases in 2012DHMPE, 2013

Incidence rate (Cases number /100 000 inhabitants)

2000-2013Figure 22 7.33 3.82 DHMPE, 2013

Water & Ecosystems

Number of Wetlands Sites Acknowledged by RAMSAR Number 1981-2013

Figure 23 1.2 35 40 in 2013

Total Wetlands areas ha 1981-2013Figure 23 48,728 877,467 1,608,024 in 2013

Total Freshwater Species Count NumberNo Historical Data -

260 terrestrial plant species, 50 aquatic plant species,140 bird

species ( most of which are migratory).7 species of freshwater fish in dams.

DG Forêts, RAMSAR, WWF,MAVA

Number of Endangered Species Number No Historical Data - Several species

(>10) DG Forêts, RAMSAR, WWF,MAVA

Number of Invasive Species Number No Historical Data -

>500,000 birds in winter from Asia and Europe (ducks, coots and flamingos)

DG Forêts, RAMSAR, WWF,MAVA

Water & Climate

Extreme Weather Events

Flood Events in the Last Four Decades. Number

1969-2012 :21 Flood Events(9 Class 1+7 Class 1.5+5 Class 2)

21/44=0.47

1 Flood Event in February -March 2012(Class 1.5)

Flood Events : 1969, 1973 (2), 1979, 1982 (2), 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2003 (2), 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 (2), 2011 (2), 2012.

Flood Events in 1969-1980 Number

1969-19804 Flood Events.( 1 Class 1.5 + 3 Class 2)

4/12=0.33 -Flood Events: 1969, 1973 (March), 1973 (December) and 1979 (March).

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Flood Events 1981-1990 Number4 Flood Events.(2 Class 1+ 2 Class 1.5)

4/10=0.4 - Flood Events : 1982 (2), 1986, 1990

Flood Events 1991-2000 Number2 Flood Events(1 Class 1 + 1 Class 1.5)

2/10=0.2 - Flood Events: 1995, 2000

Flood Events 2001-2010 Number

2001-20108 Flood Events.(5 Class 1+1 Class 1.5 +2 Class 2)

8/10=0.8 -

Flood Events: 2003 (2), 2004,2005,2006,2007, 2009 (April), 2009 (September).

Flood Events 2011-2013 Number

2011-20123 Flood Events.(1 Class 1+ 2 Class 1.5)

3/3=1.0

1 Flood Event in February -March 2012(Class 1.5)

Flood Events: 2011 (2), 2012

Drought Events in the Last Four Decades. Number

1969-2013(12 Drought Events)

12/45=0.27 (0) Drought Events in 2012

Drought Events: 1977, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010, 2013

Drought Events in 1969-1980 Number1969-1980(1 Drought Event)

1/11=0.1 - Drought Events: 1977,

Drought Events 1981-1990 Number1981-1990(2 Drought Events)

2/11=0.2 - Drought Events: 1987, 1988,


4/11=0.4 - Drought Events: 1993, 1994, 1996, 1999,


4/11=0.4 - Drought Events: 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010,

Drought Events 2011-2013 Number2011-2013(1 Drought Event)

1/3= 0.33 (0) Drought Events in 2012 Drought Events: 2013

Cost of Annual Damage Caused by Floods $-% GDP 1969-2012

240 MDT/44 years = 5.5 MDT/Year

5.5 MDT/Year=3.1 M$/Year%GDP=0.007(Non significant value)

GDP 2012 (109$)= 44.25654GDP 2013 (109$)= 47.43029

Cost of Annual Damage caused by Droughts $-% GDP 1969-2013 NA NA NA

Annual Human Losses related to Floods Number 1969-2012 800/44 # 20/year -

Annual Human Losses related to Droughts Number 1969-2013 NA NA NA

Unusual Weather Events (Snow, Hail,…)

Number/Type 1983-2012 129 Snow EventsAA =129/31 =4.2159 Hail EventsAA = 159/31= 5.13

13 Snow Events in 201216 Hail Events in 2012

INM, 2013

National Climate Change Adaptation Plan Yes/No - - Yes -

Water &Socio-Economics

Water Productivity

Industrial Water Productivity (GDP/Water Use) $/CM No Historical

Data - 145.33 GDP=12.93475B$WU=0.089 BCM/Year


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Agricultural Water Productivity (GDP/Water Use) $/CM No Historical

Data - 0.51GDP=3.89392 B$WU=7.665BCM/Year

Employment in Agriculture “ Job per Drop” Jobs/MCM No Historical

Data - 71.75

WU=7.665 BCM/YearNumber of employed persons in agriculture: 550,012

Employment in Industry “Job per Drop Jobs/MCM No Historical

Data - 11, 993.67

WU=0.089 BCM/YearNumber of employed persons in industry:1,067,437

Tariffs and Affordability

Water and Sanitation Charges as % of Average Household Income % 1980-2010 - 1.26 in 2010

1980-2010 (INS)The survey is quinquennial (last survey 2010)

Water & Finance

Percentage of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector

% 2008-2013 2.07 1.9 1.8 in 2013

Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Water Supply and Sanitation

% -2007-2012

-59.0

80 .770.0

- Water Supply (Source SONEDE)- Rural Water Supply (Source DGGREE)

Percent of GDP directed to Sanitation and Hygiene % 2008-2013 0.15 0 .13 0 .13 in 2013

Foreign Aid for Water and Sanitation (loans and grants) Million US$ 2009-2010

1997-2012--

14.253.22TOT: 67.42

SONEDEONAS

Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Irrigation % 2007-2012 80 64 Irrigated Areas

Source : DGGREE

Water & Trade

Virtual Water Imports related to Trade in the Agricultural Sector BCM/Year 1993-2013 - 10.22 Source : DGCE, Ministry

of Trade

Virtual Water Exports related to Trade in the Agricultural Sector BCM/Year 1993-2013 - -6.03 Source : DGCE, Ministry

of Trade

Virtual-Water net Flow Related to Trade in the Agricultural Sector BCM/Year 1993-2013 - 4.19 Source : DGCE, Ministry

of Trade

Water & Governance

IWRM Plan Yes/No - - Yes DGRE, BPEH

National Water and Sanitation M&E & R System

Yes/No - - No DGRE, BPEH

Surface Water Permits Issued to Date Number 2008-2013

Figure 26 165 170 162 in 2013BIRH, DGRE, CRDA

Total Volumetric Rights Associated with surface Water Permits BCM/Year 2008-2013

Figure 26 0.00552 0.00544 0.00583 in 2013BIRH, DGRE, CRDA

Volume associated with surface Water permits as a Percent of Annual Blue Surface Water Withdrawals

% 2008-2012 0.937 0.9Annual Blue Surface Water Withdrawals: O.615 BCM/Year.

Groundwater Well Permits Issued to Date Number 2008-2013

Figure 26 1,304 1,232 1786 in 2013BIRH, DGRE, CRDA

Total Volumetric Water Rights Associated with Well Permits BCM/Year 2008-2013

Figure 26 0.05593 0.05174 0.08394 in 2013BIRH, DGRE, CRDA

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Total Volume associated with well permits as a percent of Annual Blue Groundwater Abstractions

% 2008-2012 - 2.99 in 2010 2.28 in 2012

Annual Blue Groundwater Abstractions : 2.175 BCM in 2010 and 2.269 BCM in 2012

Number of unlicensed wells Number/Year No Historical Data - 1,636 in 2010 BIRH, DGRE, CRDA

Irrigation & Drainage Related Complaints as a percentage of Irrigation Water Users

% No Historical Data - NA NA

Water supply and Sanitation Related Complaints as a percentage of Serviced Households.

% 2009-2012 - 2.83

-300,000 complaints in 2012, -Serviced population: 10,593,500 inhabitants in 2012 by SONEDE and DGGREE.

Number of Water Supply Meters Installed as a Percent of Total Number of Covered Households

% 2009-2012 -Urban : %99.4Rural : 45.5%Total : 83%

SONEDEStatistical Directory 2012

Number of Groundwater Meters Installed as a percent of Licensed Wells


Number of Surface Irrigation Meters Installed as a % of Surface Irrigation Water Permits


Physical Domestic Water Losses MCM(%) 2009-2012 - 126.8 MCM

(78.7%) SONEDE

Overall Water Use Efficiency % No Historical Data - 89.5 DGBGTH, DGRE, SONEDE

Water Sustainability/ Depletion Index % No Historical

Data - 48.4 DGBGTH, DGRE, DGGREE, SONEDE, ONAS

Wastewater and Drainage Outflows BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.292 ONAS, DGGREE, DGRE

Transboundary Wastewater and Drainage Outflows

BCM/Year No Historical Data - 0.00 ONAS, DGGREE, DGRE

Commercial Water Losses BCM/Year(%) 2009-2012 - 0.0343

(21 .3%) SONEDE

Physical Irrigation Water Losses BCM/Year - - 38% estimatedDGGREEEfficiency rate in irrigated plots = 77%

Number of Water related citations (Water Laws Enforcement) Number 2008-2013 224 188 267 in 2013

BIRH, DGRE, CRDA

Number of Water Users Associations Number No Historical

Data -

2,580(1,327 Water Supply + 1,253 Irrigation)

DGGREE

Water Users Associations Agricultural Land Coverage % of Ag. Land No Historical

Data -

47,5% of Irrigated areas,1.0 % of Agricultural land

DGGREE

Water & International Relations

Transboundary Water Bodies Dependency Ratio % No Historical

Data - 6.5 ((149+610) + (320+100) / (18.140)) * 100

Shared Waters related Bilateral/ Multilateral Agreements and/or Memorandums of Understanding and Cooperation Mechanisms

Number - - 1 Consultation Mechanism

Number of Riparians sharing all shared water bodies Number - - 2 Estimated from INS census

2014


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Number of Shared Water Resources Number - -2 Shared aquifers + 1 Shared river

2 Shared aquifers:NWSAS & Djeffara plain,1 Shared river: Medjerda river

COMMENTS ON HISTORICAL DATA:

1. Water & Availability:

-Annual Average Precipitation Depth:

Historical Data: 1983/84-2012/13; Annual Average: 252.9 mm of the last 30 years; 2012 /13 Annual Precipitation Depth: 153 mm; Source: DGRE Pluviometric Directories.

- Annual Average Precipitation Volume:

Historical Data: 1983/84-2012/13; Annual Average: 39.2 BCM/Year of the last 30 years; 2012 /13 Annual Precipitation Volume: 23.7 BCM; Source: DGRE Pluviometric Directories.

Figure 4. Annual Average Precipitation, Historical Data (1983-2013)

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Analysis & Trends


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• Internal Renewable Surface Water (IRSW): The latest estimates of surface water were made in 1990, the potential was 2,700 MCM / Year, since the numbers have not changed.

Historical Data: 1968-2005; most recent estimate: 2,700 MCM/Year, Source: DGRE

IRSW= 2,700 MCM/Year

Table 19. Successive estimations of Tunisia Water Resources (1968-2005) in MCM/Year

Year 1968 1972 1980 1985 1990 1996 2000 2005

Surface Water 2000 2000 2580 2630 2700 2700 2700 2700

Phreatic Groundwater 160 230 490 590 670 720 737 745

Deep Groundwater 600 900 1030 1100 1170 1250 1399 1419

Total 2760 3130 4100 4320 4540 4570 4836 4864

Figure 5. Successive estimations of Tunisia Water Resources (1968-2005) in MCM/Year


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12

Hydrographic basins flows

Chott El Gharsa-Leben-Sebkhet En Naouel : 120 Mm3

Chott Djérid et Sud : 120 Mm3

Sahel Sousse et Sfax : 60

Mm3

Cap Bon – Meliane et Sahel Nord : 250 Mm3

Extrême Nord et Ichkeul : 960Mm3

Sebkhet Kelbia :190 Mm3

Medjerda : 1000 Mm3

Distribution of Surface water flows by Hydrographic Basin(Total = 2700 MCM/Year)

Figure 6. Hydrographic basins map (Distribution of surface water flows by watershed)

Figure 7. Evolution of Surface Water flows, Historical Data (1960-2005)

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• Internal Renewable Groundwater (IRG): The latest estimates of groundwater resources were made in 2005, the potential was 2,164 MCM / Year, since the numbers have not changed.

IRG= (Phreatic Groundwater Resources + Deep Groundwater Resources) – (Non Renewable Groundwater) = (0,745 + 1,419) – 0,61= 1,554 MCM/Year.

Historical Data: 1968-2005; most recent estimate: 1,554 MCM/Year, Source: DGRE

• Total Internal Renewable Blue Water Resources (TIRBWR)=(IRSW+IRG)- (OSWG) = 2.700 + 1.554 – 0.400 = 3.854 BCM/Year

• Total Renewable Blue Surface Water (TRBSW) = (IRSW)+(ESWI)-(ESWO)= 2.7 + 0.320 – 0.190 = 2.830 BCM/Year.

• Total Renewable Blue Groundwater (TRBG)=(IRG)+(EGI)-(EGO) = 1.554 + 0.100 – 0.000 = 1.654 BCM/Year

• Overlap between Surface Water and Groundwater (OSW) = 0.400 BCM/Year• Total Renewable Blue Water Resources (TRBWR)=(TRBSW)+(TRBG)-(OSG) = 2.830 +1.654 –

0.400 = 4.084 BCM/Year• Total Blue Water Resources: (TBWR) = (TBSWR) + (TBGWR) – (OSWGW) = 2.830 +2.264 +

0.100 – 0.400= 4.694 BCM/Year or (TBWR) = (TRBWR + TNRBWR) = 4.084 + 0.610 = 4.694 BCM/Year.

2. Water & Uses:

• Annual Total Water Withdrawals: 0.495 + 0.089 + 2.165 = 2.749 BCM/Year• Total Agricultural Water Uses: 7.665 BCM/Year• Total Withdrawals from Blue Water: 0.615 + 1.511 + 0.610 = 2.736 BCM/Year• Total Withdrawals from Non Conventional Water Resources: 0.060 + 0.030 + 0.020 =0.110 BCM/

Year• Withdrawals from Blue Surface Water:

Table 20: Withdrawals from dams

Hydrological Year 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012 2012/2013 Annual Average

Withdrawals (MCM) 576 613 534 608 615 589


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Figure 8. Withdrawals from dams 2008-2013 (Graph)

• Withdrawals from Blue Renewable Groundwater:

Table 21. Withdrawals from shallow aquifers

Year 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Annual Average

Withdrawals (MCM) 395 563 699 745 778 808 854 692

Figure 9. Shallow Aquifers Withdrawals, Historical Data (1980-2010)

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Table 22. Withdrawals from deep aquifers included NRGWYear 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 AA

Withdrawals (MCM) 1,119 1,135 1,110 1,127 1,143 1,171 1,188 1,227 1,243 1,321 1,346 1,194

Source: DGRE

Figure 10. Deep Aquifers Withdrawals, Historical Data (2001-2011)

• Withdrawals from Desalinated Water:

Table 23. Withdrawals from desalinated water (SONEDE)

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 AA

Withdrawals (MCM) 18.2 18.2 19.5 19.7 19.3 19.7 19.1

Figure 11. Desalinated Water Withdrawals, Historical Data 2007-2012 (SONEDE)


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Table 23a. Green Water Consumption for Livestock Fodder Water Use (2002-2013)

YearLivestock fodder areas (Rain fed areas) (ha)

Green Water Consumption for Livestock fodder water use(BCM/Year)

2002/2003 252,250 0.757

2003/2004 243,617 0.731

2004/2005 235,275 0.706

2005/2006 244,400 0.733

2006/2007 251,350 0.754

2007/2008 258,880 0.777

2008/2009 257,964 0.774

2009/2010 262,836 0.789

2010/2011 281,535 0.845

2011/2012 261,307 0.784

2012/2013 253,206 0.760

Annual Average 254,783 0.765

Source: Ministry of Agriculture

Green Water Consumption for Livestock fodder water use= 0.760 BCM in 2012/2013.

3. Water & Land Use Changes:

• Total Irrigated Agricultural Land:

Table 24. Irrigated Areas (1000 ha)Year 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 2000 2008 2009 2010 2011 Annual Average

Irrigated Area 1000 ha 164 185 208 223 243 260 273 275 416 416.95 418.5 421 301.807

Source: DGGREE

Figure 12. Irrigated Area, Historical Data (1970-2011)

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• Total Rain-Fed Agricultural Land: 4,953,550 ha in 2012 and 4,970,930 ha in 2013 (Source DGEDA)• Total Forest & Pasture Land: Historical Data: 1995-2012

Table 25. Total Forest & Pasture Lands (ha)1995 2010 2012 Annual Average

Total Forest Land (ha) 970,818 1, 141,628 1, 151,218 1, 087,888

Total Pasture Land (ha) 4, 132,186 4, 500,775 4, 895,000 4, 509,320

Source: DGF

Figure 13. Total Forest and Pasture land, Historical Data (1995-2012)

4. Water & Services:

Water Coverage and Accessibilility:

• Improved Urban Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry): 100%, Historical Data: 1984-2012, Source: SONEDE.

• Improved Rural Water Supply Coverage (Sector Ministry): 93.4%, Historical Data: 1984-2012, Source: SONEDE, DGGREE.

• Total Access to Water Supply (Urban + Rural): 97.8 %. This percentage is broken down as follows: • Percentage covered drinking water piped directly onto premises, including public taps, protected

public dug wells and springs: 97.1 % (Source: INS, RNPE 2011).• Percentage covered by private dug/tube wells, bottled water and harvested rainwater: 2.9 %.

• Total Access to Sanitation Facilities (Urban + Rural): 94.4 %. This percentage is broken down as follows: • Percentage covered by piped sewer system: 60.4 % (Source INS), while ONAS gives 58.4 %.• Percentage of improved access to sanitation facilities: 34 % (Septic tanks, pit latrines, cesspools

and seguia collectors)


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• Shared facilities: 2.4 %• Other unimproved: 3.2 %

Figure 14. Water Supply Coverage indicators, Historical Data (1984-2012)

• Improved Urban Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry): 85.4%, Historical Data: 1994-2012, Source ONAS

IUSC = 98.94 % (2009 Value), No Historical Data, 2012 Data non Available, Source INS.

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Figure 15. Urban Sanitation Coverage, Historical Data (1994-2012)Source ONAS

• Improved Rural Sanitation Coverage (Sector Ministry): 5, 1 % in 2012, No Historical Data, Source ONAS

IRSC = 83.95 % in 2009, No Historical Data, 2012 Data non Available, Source INS

Water Infrastructure:

• Length of Water Supply Networks:SONEDE: Historical Data (1983-2012), Annual Average 31,563.5 km, Length: 48,459 km in 2012, Source: SONEDE.

DGGREE: Historical Data (1965-2012), Annual Average 29,643.95 km, Length: 78,100.5 km in 2012, Source: DGGREE


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Figure 16. Water Supply Network Length, Historical Data (1983-2012) SONEDE

Figure 17. Water Supply Network Length, Historical Data (1965-2012) DGGREE

• Length of Sewage Networks:Historical Data (1975-2012), Annual Average: 7,019 km, Length: 15,364 km in 2012, Source: ONAS

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Figure 18. Length of ONAS Sewage pipe Networks, Historical Data (1975-2012)

• Municipal Wastewater Treatment Capacity:Historical Data (2008-2012), Annual Average: 0.2934 BCM, Municipal Wastewater Treatment Capacity: 0.2983 BCM in 2012.

• Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity:Historical Data (2008-2012), Annual Average: 0.0193 BCM, Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity: 0.0193 BCM in 2012.

Table 25a. Municipal & Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity, Historical Data (2008-2012)Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Annual

Average

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Capacity (MCM/Year)

289.2 290.8 294.5 294.5 298.3 293.4

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Capacity (MCM/Year)

19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3

Wastewater Collection Capacity (MCM/Year)

234.5 238.8 240.0 237.3 234.0 236.9

Source: ONAS

5. Water & Energy:

• Electricity Generated Using Hydropower: 110.56 GWh/Year by 7 hydropower plants built between 1956 and 2003, Historical Data: 2000-2012, Annual Average: 82.3 GWh/Year, (Source: STEG 2012).


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• Hydropower as % of Total Generated Electricity: Electricity Generated Using Hydropower (GWh)/ Total Generated Electricity (GWh) = (110.56) / (14 123.2)*100 = (0.7) # 1 % in 2012 (Source: STEG 2012)

• Installed Hydropower Capacity: 66.00 MW in 2012 disaggregated as follows: (1) Nebeur Hydropower plant: 13 MW, (2) El Aroussia : 4.8 MW, (3) Fernana: 9.7 MW, (4) Kasseb: 0.66 MW, (5) Sidi Salem: 36 MW, (6) Bouheurtma: 1.2 MW, (7) and Sejnane: 0.6 MW (Source STEG 2012), Historical Data: 1956-2012, Annual Average: 1.16 MW (Source STEG 2012).

• Water Used to Generate Electricity: 830.8 MCM in 2012 disaggregated as follows: (1) Nebeur Hydropower plant: 44.5 MCM, (2) El Aroussia : 0.0 MCM, (3) Fernana: 37.9 MCM, (4) Kasseb: 32.4 MCM, (5) Sidi Salem: 701.7 MCM, (6) Bouheurtma: 14.3 MCM, (7) and Sejnane: 0.0 MCM, Historical Data: 2008-2012, Annual Average: 503, 205 MCM/Year (Source STEG 2012).

Figure 19. Electricity Generated Using Hydropower, Historical Data (2000-2012)

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Photo 1. Turbining (Beni Metir Dam)Source: STEG

Table 26. Installed Hydropower CapacityYear Hydropower Plants Number Pump sets Number Installed Hydropower Capacity (MW)

1956 2 3 17.8

1958 1 1 8.5

1962 - 1 1.2

1969 1 1 0.66

1983 1 1 36

2003 2 2 1.8

TOTAL 7 9 66


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Figure 20. Installed Hydropower Capacity, Historical Data (1956-2013)

Photo 2. Hydro electricity Generation

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6. Water & Population :

• Total Population: Different national censuses in Tunisia gave the following results:

Table 27. Population Growth (1921-2014)

Census Year Number of inhabitants

1921 2, 093, 939

1926 2, 159, 708

1931 2, 410, 692

1936 2, 608, 313

1946 3, 230, 952

1956 3, 783, 169

1966 4, 533, 351

1975 5, 588, 209

1984 6, 966, 175

1994 8, 785, 711

2004 9, 910, 872

2014 10, 982, 754

Figure 21. Population Growth, Historical Data (1921-2014)

• Internal Renewable Water Resources Per Capita = (Total Internal Renewable Blue Water Resources (TIRBWR) + Total Renewable Green Water Resources (TRGWR))/ Population = 3.854 BCM/Year + 13.000 BCM/Year)/ 10 776 400 capita = 1564 CM/Capita/Year.

• Total Water Consumption Per Capita: 1,460 CM/capita• Agricultural Water Withdrawal Per Capita: 201.0 CM/capita


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• Industrial Water Withdrawal Per Capita: 8.25 CM/capita• Domestic Water Withdrawal Per Capita: 46.0 CM/capita

7. Water & Quality:

Parameters monitored are: Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Electric Conductivity, Nitrogen and Phosphorous concentrations, Total Dissolved Solids, and Fecal Choliform.

• Historical Data for Wadi El Bey (Hot spot in Nabeul Governorate): 2004-2012

Table 28. Water Quality Historical Data Wadi El Bey (2004-2012)Sampling Date April 2004 June 2005 May 2006 Oct 2006 April 2007 Nov 2007 May 2008 Nov 2008

pH (Dimensionless) 6.3-7.9 6.3-8.2 6.7-8.2 6.3-8 6.3-8 6.7-8.4 7-8 6.7-8

SalinityTDS (g/l)

1.2-2.1 0.9-1.8 1.6-4.4 1.1-2.4 0.7-2 1-2 0.7-5.2 1.1-7.2

Nitrates(mg/l)

50-410 50-325 60-325 45-260 40-140 10-85 10-70 (March)

10-250

March 2009 Sept 2009 Febr 2010 Sept 2010 May 2011 Sept 2011 Febr 2012 Nov 2012 NQE

7-8.3 6.5-7.8 7-8 7.5-8 7-8.5 7-8.5 8.2-8.5 7 .3-7.6 6-9

O.5-2.3 0.7-2.5 2.5-3 2-2.5 1-3 1-3.5 1.5-1.81.1 11 -

10-20 10-90 - 10-30 1-15 67-97 - 3-80 50

Source: ANPE, 2013

Watershed of Wadi El Bey:

The watershed of Wadi El Bey covers an area of 464 km2. He is the main water course in the region of Grombalia- Bou Argoub Soliman. It is fed by various industrial, agricultural and domestic discharges.

Effluent composition of Wadi El Bey watershed, namely releases from Grombalia WWTP and those from industries, affect directly some parameters indicators of Wadi El Bey water quality as salinity and COD whose concentration increases dramatically.

• Historical Data for SONEDE drinking water (bacteriological analysis):

8. Water & Health:

• Diarrhea Prevalence (% of children under 5 years old) = 6.48% in 2012 (Source DHMPE). Historical Data: 2000-2013, the annual Average 2000-2013 is 5.80%.

• Dracunculiasis Reported Cases (%) = 0.00 % in 2012 (Source DHMPE), unsignaled in Tunisia for a long time.

• Open Defecation Practice (Number) = (85 218 households *4.09) = 348 540 inhabitants in 2012 (Source INS, RGPH 2009 edited in 2012)

• Percentage of Open Defecation (%) = (348 540)/ (10 776 400) = 3.2 % (Source INS, RGPH 2009

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edited in 2012)• Cholera Reported Cases (Number per year) = 0.00 % in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The Annual Average

2000-2013 is 0.00 %.• Hepatitis A Reported Cases = 412 new reported cases in 2012 (Source DHMPE)Incidence rate (Cases number /100 000 inhabitants) = 3.82 in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The Annual Average 2000-2013 is 7.33 %

• Typhoid fever Reported Cases = 28 new reported cases in 2012 (Source DHMPE)Incidence rate (Cases number /100 000 inhabitants) = 0.26 in 2012 (Source DHMPE). The Annual Average 2000-2013 is 0.55 %

Table 29. Historical Data on Water & Health Indicators (2000-2013)

Year

Diarrhea Prevalence

(% of children under 5 years

old)

Typhoid feverIncidence rate (Cases number

/100 000 inhabitants)

Hepatitis AIncidence rate (Cases number

/100 000 inhabitants)

CholeraIncidence

(Cases number)

Drinking Water

Salinity(% Sampling

< 2 g/l)

2000 5,7 0,70 4,75 0 -

2001 5,4 0,45 9,75 0 -

2002 6,24 0,31 10,77 0 -

2003 6,5 0,47 7,29 0 83,9

2004 5,38 1,71 9,51 0 82,5

2005 5,6 1,01 7,21 0 85,7

2006 5,45 0,60 6,30 0 84,4

2007 5,11 0,47 12,74 0 89,2

2008 6,7 0,48 8,47 0 87,4

2009 4,67 0,49 7,23 0 87,4

2010 5,13 0,27 6,81 0 86,8

2011 5,68 0,17 2,23 0 88,0

2012 6,48 0,26 3,82 0 87,6

2013 7,2 0,36 5,70 0 85,7

Average 5,80 0,55 7,33 0 86,2


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Figure 22. Historical Data on Water & Health Indicators (2000-2013)

9. Water & Ecosystems:

Historical Data: 1981-2013

• 35 Wetlands Sites Acknowledged by RAMSAR in 2012; 40 Wetlands Sites Acknowledged by RAMSAR in 2013; Annual Average: 1.2 sites

• Total Wetlands areas: 877,467 ha in 2012; Total Wetlands areas: 1,608,024 ha in 2013; AA: 48,727 ha

Table 30. Number and Areas of Wetlands Sites, Historical Data (1981-2013)Date 1981 2007 2012 2013

Number of Wetlands Sites Acknowledged by RAMSAR 1 19 35 40

Total Wetlands areas (ha) 12,600 713,903 877,467 1,608,024

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Figure 23. Number and Areas of Wetlands Sites, Historical Data (1981-2013)


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Figure 24. Ramsar Wetlands map

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10. Water & Climate:

• Flood Events in the Last Four Decades: Historical Data (1969-2012), 21 Flood Events (9 Class 1+7 Class 1.5+5 Class 2), these events occurred in1969, 1973 (2), 1979, 1982 (2), 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2003 (2), 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 (2), 2011 (2), and 2012; Annual Average: 21/44= 0.47; only one Flood Event occurred in February -March 2012 (Class 1.5). Source DGRE

• Drought Events in the Last Four Decades: Historical Data (1969-2013), 12 Drought Events, these events occurred in 1977, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010, and 2013, Annual Average: 12/45 =0.27; only one Drought Event occurred in 2013. Source DGRE

• Cost of Annual Damage Caused by Floods: Historical Data (1969-2012), Cost: 240 MDT/44 years #5.5 MDT/Year =3.1 M$/Year.

GDP 2013 (109$) = 47.43029; Cost of Annual Damage Caused by Floods in % GDP= 0.007.

• Annual Human Losses Related to Floods: Historical Data (1969-2012), AA= 800/44 # 20/Year• Unusual Weather Events (Snow, Hail,…): Historical Data (1983-2012), 129 Snow Events ,AA

=129/31 =4.2 and 159 Hail Events, AA = 159/31= 5.13.

In 2012, 13 Snow Events and 16 Hail Events occurred. Source INM

Photo 3. Overflow of wadi MedjerdaSource: DGRE


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Photo 4. Flooded Mabtouh Plain downstream of wadi Medjerda

Source: DGRE

Photo 5. Flood Event in September 2009 in Redeyef –Gafsa (Destruction of the CPG railway in Redeyef)

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Photo 6. Flood Event in September 2009 in Redeyef –Gafsa (Destruction of the irrigation pipe of Tabedit-Richet Naam)

Photo 7. Flood Event in September 2009 in Redeyef –Gafsa (Destruction of works of water and soil conservation in Tarfaoui river)


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CHRONOLOGY OF DROUGHTS- FLOODS PERIODS IN TUNISIA(861-2005)

707

733

861

873

879

920

921

928

929

953

988

1004

1020

1022

1033

1040

1041

1042

1076

1090

1097

1147

1180

1310

1325

1348

1354

1456

1457

1570

1605

1612

1640

1700

1726

1727

1758

1761

1762

1805

1829

1867

1902

1907

1911

1914

1922

1927

1931

1932

1935

1938

1943

1948

1956

1958

1959

1961

1962

1964

1965

1969

1973

1977

1982

1987

1988

1990

1993

1994

1996

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

FLOODS & DROUGHTS IN TUNISIA

707

733

861

873

879

920

921

928

929

953

988

1004

1020

1022

1033

1040

1041

1042

1076

1090

1097

1147

1180

1310

1325

1348

1354

1456

1457

1570

1605

1612

1640

1700

1726

1727

1758

1761

1762

1805

1829

1867

1902

1907

1911

1914

1922

1927

1931

1932

1935

1938

1943

1948

1956

1958

1959

1961

1962

1964

1965

1969

1973

1977

1982

1987

1988

1990

1993

1994

1996

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

FLOODS & DROUGHTS IN TUNISIA

Figure 25. Chronology of Droughts-Floods in Tunisia, Historical Data (861-2005)

11. Water & Socio-Economics:

Water Productivity:

• Industrial Water Productivity: IWP=12.93475 (B$)/0.089 (BCM/Year)= 145.33 $/CM in 2012, Source INS, DGRE.

• Agricultural Water Productivity: AWP=3.89392 (B$)/7.665 (BCM/Year) = 0.51 $/CM in 2012, Source: INS, DGRE, DGGREE.

• Employment in Agriculture “Job Per Drop”: 55,012 persons/7.665 BCM/Year= 71.75 Jobs/MCM in 2012, Source: INS, DGRE, DGGREE.

• Employment in Industry “Job Per Drop”: 1,037,437 persons/0.089 BCM/Year= 11, 993.67 Jobs/MCM in 2012, Source INS, DGRE.

Tariffs & Affordability:

• Water and Sanitation Charges as % Average Household Income: Data are for 2010 because the survey is quinquennial.

Water and Sanitation Charges= 22.996 DT (Invoice) +3.015 DT (Water tanks) +6.645 DT (Mineral water) = 32.656 DT per person in 2010 (Source: INS)

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Average Household Income: 4,861.1 DT in 2010 (Source INS).

Water and Sanitation Charges as % Average Household Income= 32.656 DT*100/4,861.1 DT = 0.7% in 2012

12. Water & Finance:

• Percentage of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector: 2012 Value: Water & Sanitation Budget = 492.8 MTDN= 308.9856 106 $, Total National Budget =25 551.0 MTDN = 16 020.447 106 $ and % of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector is 308.9856 106 $/ 16 020.447 106 $ = 1.9%.

2013 Value: % of National Budget directed to Water & Sanitation Sector is: 1.8%; Source: INS, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, ONAS, DHMPE.

• Percentage of GDP directed to Sanitation and Hygiene: 2012 Value: Sanitation and Hygiene Budget = 91.5 MTDN = 57.3705 106 $, GDP = 70 584.6 MTDN = 44.256544 109 $ and % of GDP for Sanitation and Hygiene is 57.3705 106 $/44.256544 109 $ = 0.13%.

2013 Value: % of GDP for Sanitation and Hygiene is also: 0.13%; Source: INS, ONAS, DHMPE

• Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Water Supply and Sanitation =80.7% in 2012 (Source SONEDE)

• Operation & Maintenance Cost Recovery for Irrigation =64 %in 2012 (Source DGGREE)• Foreign Aid for Water and Sanitation: 14.2 Million US$ in 2012 for SONEDE and 53.22 Million US$

in 2012 for ONAS. TOTAL: 67.42 Million US$ in 2012.

13. Water & Trade:

Historical Data: 1993-2013

• Virtual Water Imports, Exports and Virtual-Water Net Flow Related to Trade in the Agricultural Sector:

Virtual Water Imports: 10,225.342 MCM in 2012

Virtual Water Exports: 6,032.021 MCM in 2012

Virtual-Water Net Flow: 4,193.321 MCM in 2012

Source: DGCE (Ministry of Trade)


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14. Water & Governance:

Table 31. Water & Governance indicators (2008-2013)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Surface Water Permits issued 117 179 194 170 170 162

Total Volumetric Rights associated with Surface Water Permits (MCM) 4.095 5.370 6.79 5.61 5.44 5.832

Groundwater Well Permits issued 1096 1519 1446 1227 1232 1786

Total Volumetric Water Rights associated with Well Permits (MCM) 49.320 60.76 65.07 52.761 51.744 83.942

Number of unlicensed wells - - 1636 - - -

Figure 26. Water & Governance indicators 2008-2013 (Graph)

In conclusion, most values in 2012 are available except for indicators that are not monitored and evaluated regularly and for which there is still no institution in charge for their development and monitoring and where an institutional gap persists (Rural sanitation, Rainwater use).

It turned out that some additional specific indicators are not monitored regularly or require additional capacity for monitoring; these indicators will be monitored and evaluated regularly once capacity will be strengthened.

Data on Water & Finance indicators are confused and are not homogeneous (allocated credits, commitment appropriations, enrolled appropriations, payment, etc.).

NWSAS indicators are not representative, data are not significant and do not reflect the issue of NWSAS particularly governance and water policy

The historical data, despite their existence and their availability were not communicated in time by NTF members. Once received, they allowed us to be informed on the status of indicators, trends and possible reasons for their fluctuations.

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The existing system of monitoring, evaluation and reporting of the state of water, in Tunisia, despite its shortcomings and limitations, helps to the knowledge of the state of water and environment in the country. So that, it can fully play its role, and be in line with the efficient systems at regional, continental and global scale, it is necessary to improve, enrich, strengthen, expand and upgrade it. For this, we recommend the following reforms:

• Complete the development of Water Information System (SINEAU) and its various components to evolve as a decision support system that can be used on progress in water sector

• Construct information sub-systems (or DBMSs) within the related institutions that do not have them, to be integrated in SINEAU

• Lift the institutional gap of rural sanitation and rainwater management (use)• Enhancement of institutional arrangements• Establish departments or entities dealing with monitoring, evaluation and reporting of the status of

water in key institutions in charge of water, and reform the relevant legislative texts.• Implementation of M&E&R sub-systems in all the institutions in charge of water resources• Implementation of a national M&E&R system at the central level and appoint DGRE or BPEH of

its management• Improving Monitoring process• Implementation of a dissemination and awareness strategy• Capacity building and strengthening training program• Establish a MEWINA unit within DGRE or BIRH.

6. Policy Recommendations


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ReferencesBesbes M, Hamdene A, Chahed J and Hamza M, 2008. World water Development Report 3. Case study in Tunisia. Document prepared for WWAP (UN. World Water Assessment Program).

Chahed J., Hamdane A., and Besbes M. 2008. A comprehensive water balance of Tunisia: blue water, green water and virtual water. Water International, 33:4, 415-424

Chaieb H. and Hamza.M. 2013. Responses to Misr consult questionnaires based on data collected from Tunisia MEWINA project national taskforce.

DGF/GTZ.1994 : Gestion de la faune sauvage et des parcs nationaux en Tunisie

DGF. 1995: Résultats du premier inventaire forestier national en Tunisie

DGF. 1995: Résultats du premier inventaire pastoral national en Tunisie

DGF.2010 : Inventaire des forêts par télédétection, Résultats du deuxième inventaire forestier et pastoral national

DGF/ WWF Bureau de Tunis, Programme Méditerranée.2012 : Les zones humides d’importance internationale en Tunisie, 35 sites RAMSAR

DGRE : Annuaires pluviométriques, hydrométriques, exploitation des nappes phréatiques et profondes, suivi de la qualité des eaux souterraines.

Lebdi.F. 2009. National needs assessment and delineate UNDP interventions in Tunisia. UNDP Press.

INS, Institut National de la Statistique. 2013. Population statistics for Tunisia. Available at: http://www.ins.nat.tn. Accessed: March. 2013.

INS, Institut National de la Statistique. 2014. http://rgph 2014.ins.tn

Jemmali H., and Matoussi M. 2013. A multidimensional analysis of water poverty at local scale: application of improved water poverty index for Tunisia. Water Policy. 15: 98-115.

Khanfir R., El Echi M., Louati M., Marzouk A., Frigui H., and Alouini A.1998. EAU21: Stratégie du secteur de l’eau en Tunisie à long terme 2030. Ministère de l’Agriculture. République Tunisienne.

Maplecroft. 2012. Water Stress Index Values for 2012. Available at: www.maplecroft.com. Accessed: March, 2013.

MARH. 2007. National Strategy for the adaptation of Tunisian agriculture and ecosystems to climate change. Ministère de l’Agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques. République Tunisienne.

MEED.2007. Protection of Ecosystems from Climate Change and Climate Change Adaptation Report. République Tunisienne.

MEED/ANPE/OTEDD/GTZ.2010: Etude de l’évolution urbaine de l’agglomération du Grand Sousse

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References


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MEED/ANPE/AQUAPOLE/LIFE/COPEAU : Réseau de contrôle de la pollution de l’eau en Tunisie, Rapports annuels 2006-2012

MEWINA RAR.2014: Tunisia Water Sector M&E Rapid Assessment Report, Mohamed Hamdi Nour, Mekki Hamza.

ONAS. 2012. Statistiques des Abonnés ONAS. 2012 Annual Report. Office National de l’Assainissement. République Tunisienne. http://www.onas.nat.tn.

SONEDE. 2012. Société Nationale d’Exploitation et de Distribution des Eaux. Annual Report. République Tunisienne.

SONEDE/DCPEG/DSP.2012 : Rapport des statistiques, Année 2012

SONEDE/DCPEG/DSP.2013 : Rapport des statistiques, Année 2013

SONEDE/DCPEG/DSP.2014 : Les statistiques de la SONEDE (2002-2013)

STEG. 2013. La société tunisienne d’électricité et du gaz. Available at: http://www.steg.com.tn/fr. Accessed on: March,2013.

UNDP. 2013. United Nations Development Program. Country Profile: International Human Development Indicators. Available at: http://hdrstats.undp.org/. Accessed on : March, 2013.


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Annex

AMCOW Water and Sanitation M&E Template

Country Background Information Sheet

Country Name: Tunisia

Items Information

1. Population trends for the last 4 years, and GDP. Years 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013

Urban pop. 5979900 6971600 7055400 7156145* 7241575*

Rural pop. 3572600 3575500 3618400 3621408* 3644952*

Total pop. 9552500 10547100 10673800 10777553* 10886527*

GDP (109 USD) 18.45468 39.77751 40.58608 44.25654** 47.43029***Source : INS (* pop on 1st July, **semi-final, *** provisional); 1DT=0.627 USD on 27/3/2013.

2. Basis of the existing water sector Policy/ Reform and potential policytargets.

Important issues addressed in the existing Water Sector Reform?Public policy of water in Tunisia was established based on the following strategic objectives: (i) ensure the supply of drinking water to all inhabitants (ii) develop tourism and ensure food security of the country by restricting imports of food and agricultural products and by encouraging the export (iii) stabilize rural incomes. Actually other objectives are added such as improving the efficiency of irrigation systems ensuring better use of water resources. Thus the objective sought by the state is that the share of irrigated agriculture in the national production passes from 35% to 50%. These policies have gone through two major steps that led to a switch from a policy based on the sustained mobilization of water resources in order to improve the supply, to a policy of management and valorization of these water resources in order to manage the global demand.Meanwhile the focus is more on finding unconventional resources. This research includes: (i) the reuse of treated wastewater, and to a certain extent, desalination of brackish and saline water, (ii) and integrated water resources management (IWRM).

The objectives of the new water policy in Tunisia seek to: (i) ensure continuing suitability between needs and water resources by increasing supply and controlling of the demand, (ii) identify imbalances at the scale of natural regions of the country (iii) consider ways to readjust imbalances in the context of integrated management.This evolving policy hasn’t ceased to be modernized and completed to address key issues and resulted in the development of national or sector strategies and action plans and programs to implement these strategies.

Major reforms in the water sector and sanitation:BPEH restructuring, revision of the Water Code, Renaissance of the National Council of water, review of legal, regulatory and contractual hydraulic groups framework, review of the Tunisian standard NT09-14 on the quality of drinking water; revision of the NT106-03 on the reuse of treated wastewater; workshop to launch the project development and implementation of SINEAU (26/03/2013), national Consultation Workshop on the review and analysis of the state of implementation strategies and / or action plans for wastewater in Tunisia (05/03/2013), water table on the water local management (25/12/2013), local governance legal framework of water in Tunisia (27/05/2014),consultation workshop on governance and financing of water sector (18/02/2014) ...

Main potential targets by 2016:(i) mobilization of 95% of water resources, (ii) the irrigated area using water-saving equipment reaches 93% (iii) 90% of the cost of water for irrigation systems and rural water supply is recovered (iv) efficiency rate of the parcel irrigated is 78%(v) accessibility to drinking water in rural areas is 98%

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3. Knowledge of international and African Milestones on Water and Sanitation.

Which are the ones well known and used in the county? Specify how it is used.--The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 2000,who declared the decade 2005-2015 as the Decade of Water for Life, target international goals in the sector of water and the environment. Goal 7 aims to preserve the environment, and by2015, the percentage of the population that does not have sustainable access to safe drinking water or to sanitation will be reduced to half its value now (target 7c).The rates achieved by the country in terms of water supply and sanitation are as follows:Accessibility to drinking water is 100% in urban areas and 93.9%in rural areas. For sanitation, the rate of access is 99% in urban areas and 84% in rural areas, which reflects the significant efforts made in this area.

-The shared African water vision 2025 aims that Africa have equitable and sustainable management of water resources for poverty alleviation, socio-economic development , regional cooperation and the preservation of the environment. The realization of this vision depends on four axes: (i) strengthening the governance of water resources, (ii) improving the efficiency of water usage (iii) meeting the urgent needs for water, (iv) strengthening financing of water in the future. These areas are broken down into 12 targets. For example, for axis3 target1, the African vision plans to reduce by 25% in 2005 and 75% by 2015 the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and sanitation. The rate of inaccessibility to water and sanitation in Tunisia in 2013 was reduced respectively by 91.9% and 77.8% and are therefore in line with the objectives of the African Water Vision 2025. The efforts performed by Tunisia for the achievement of the vision targets meet the objectives in general.

-Sharm Elscheickh commitments to accelerate the achievement of water and sanitation in Africa, signed by the Heads of State and Government of the African Union, on the occasion of the 11th Ordinary Session of conference in Sharm Elscheickh, Egypt, from 30 June to 1 July 2008, these commitments are also considered for the monitoring of the progress to achieve the various targets.

4. Trend of the 3 latest reviews in national water Policy and Reforms.

Reviews Review 1 Review 2 Review 3

Drivers of the Reviews

WATER - 21; Study of the water sector in Tunisia long term 2030 (MARH 1998)

The project PISEAU 1

(2007-2001)

- The project PISEAU 2 (2008-2014)

- study of the sustainable management of water resources (2008)

Targeted Impacts and effectiveness

-Introduction of the IWRM

-management of water demand

- Use of non-conventional water

Improvement of rural water supply

- Optimization of monitoring of surface water and groundwater

- design of SINEAU

-Improvement of governance

- Implementation of subsystems S & E and SINEAU

- Participative management of groundwater

- Pilot operations of rural sanitation

-Quality improvement and enhancement of TW

- Implementation of SOW M&E&R system

- Revision and amendment of the Water Code. Bill revising and implementing decrees

(2010-2014)

- Water Rights in the new constitution (Article 44) (2014)


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5. Comments on the national water sector regarding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and outstanding problems.

Water resources of the country are limited. In order to exploit and develop this potential, Tunisia has established the legislative framework and institutions necessary for the realization of ambitious programs on the water sector. It has developed policies, national strategies and action plans for the sustained mobilization, management, protection and enhancement of water resources. The important improvements mobilization, storage, transfer and handling produced water in recent decades, with the development of various sectors of the economy and significantly reduced the vulnerability to the vagaries of climate: water security, mitigation the effect of drought, protection against flooding. Tunisia raised the challenge of mobilizing her water resources to serve the socio-economic development and welfare of its population, so that the Tunisian now has a level of water comfort that has not been matched in the past. Today, Tunisia faces the problems of, effective management, integrated and sustainable conservation, resource protection and enhancement of its maximum, to meet growing demand, future needs and control risks.

The sector has achieved remarkable performance in terms of water supply and sanitation with a very positive impact on the quality of life and economic activity. Despite the achievements, the water sector still faces problems that hinder its proper functioning particularly in terms of monitoring and evaluation. Among these problems, we can mention : IWRM is still under development, the water stakeholders are not yet fully involved, ineffective management of groundwater, storm water is not used outside the agriculture sector ,pricing and the mismatch between the price of drinking water production and sales of, the institutional gap for rural sanitation ...

Similarly, the national information system on water (SINEAU) offers a dynamic database and a unified system to all sub systems management. However, monitoring and evaluation is still under development, and only some subsystems (SYGREAU, COPEAU) are operational. Also, governance needs to be improved or even enhanced by the introduction and application of the principles of good governance

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Country Water and Sanitation Performances Evaluation Sheet

Country Name: Tunisia

Performance Category Country Information

Theme 1: Infrastructure of water for economic development.PC. 1.1. Water and EnergyTarget: Increase the use of hydro-energy by 10% between 2000 and 2015.

-The national theoretical hydropower potential is estimated at 1000 GWh, the theoretical exploitable potential is 250 GWh, the economically feasible is 165 GWh and the installed capacity is currently estimated at 66 MW on a set of eight hydro-electric dams. The hydropower is nearly 1% of the total energy produced by the country.-Specific actions taken to achieve the target: STEG proceeded to achieve the following: (i) renovation and modernization of old hydro power plants by using modern equipment like static excitation, microprocessor based controls, electronic governors, high speed static relays, data logger, vibration monitoring etc; but it is not enough to achieve the target

Level of achievement

years (i) 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013

- Hydroelectric potential economically feasible GWh(P) 160 165 165 165 165

-Hydro-electric capacity installed MWh(C) 64 66 66 66 66

-Index of the usage of the hydropower (HpuI = C/P) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Growth rate RiHpuI(%) = (HpuIi -HpuI2000)/HpuI2000 - 0 0 0 0 -Sources of verification and specific comments: Annual operating report of STEG Centre for Hydraulics Production which is part of the Department of Renewable Energy Production attached itself to the Central Directorate of Electricity Production. The economically feasible hydropower potential and the installed hydroelectric capacity have not changed since several years. Target will not be achieved in 2015.

PC. 1.2. Water and Agriculture

Targets: -Increase water productivity Rain fed agriculture & Irrigation by 30% from 2000 to 2015.

and

-Increase the size of irrigated areas by 50% from 2000 to 2015

-Specific actions taken to achieve the target:Improving the efficiency of water use

Level of achievement for agricultural productivity:

Years (i) 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013

-Agricultural GDP (109 USD) (A) 1.62832 3.06728 3.42405 3.84175 3.88802

-Total water withdrawn for irrigated and rain fed agriculture (109 m3)(B)

6.040(1.879*+ 4.161**)

8.634(2.203*+ 6.431**)

9.310(2.210*+ 7.100**)

6.279(2.247*+ 4.032**)

8.373(2.313*+ 6.060**)

-Water Return to Environment 109 m3 (C) 0.133 0.140 0.150 0.130 0.140

Water productivity (USD/m3) Wp=A/(B-C) 0.27562 0.36111 0.37380 0.62477 0.47224

Rate of increase RiWp(%) = (Wpi-Wp2000)/Wp2000

- 31.01 36.62 126.67 71.33

*Total water withdrawn for irrigated areas: surface water+ groundwater ** Total water withdrawn for rain fed agriculture Water Return to Environment is estimated


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- Achievement on irrigated areas:

Years (i) 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013

-Irrigated areas(IA) in hectares 275 000* 418 500* 420 000* 421 000* 437 500**

Rate of increase RiIA(%) = (IAi-IA2000) /IA2000

- 52.18 52.72 53.09 59.09

*Source DGGREE**Source DGEDA

Sources of verification: INS, DGEDA and DGGREE Agricultural GDP : source DGEDA of MA Course of 27/03/13 : 1TDN : 0.627 USD Conclusions: The rate of increase of water productivity has surpassed 30% and therefore the target was

achieved The rate of increase of irrigated area has surpassed 50% and therefore the target was achieved.

PC. 1.3. Water for multiple Uses

Target: Increase the Water Demand Satisfaction Index (WDSI) by 10% from 2000 to 2015.

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone:Achievement:

Years (i) 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013

- *Total all sectors Water Demand 109m3 (A) 9.553 10.547 10.673 10.777 10.886

- **Total all sectors water supply (B) 10.760 15.027 16.334 10.608 14.488

- WDSI = B/A 1.126 1.424 1.530 0.984 1.331

Rate of increase RiWDSI (%) = (WDSIi -WDSI2000)/ WDSI2000)

- 26.4 35.8 -12.6 18.2

* Value is calculated based on 1000 m3/capita/yr as per AMCOW guidelines** Values include blue, green, grey, and silver waters Target is met but is highly controlled by the fluctuation in green water. Also, the 1000 m3/capita/yr might not be realistic for Tunisia

Sources of verification:Surface water abstraction from dams (DGBGTH), pumping from rivers ( wadis) (BIRH) groundwater abstraction from deep aquifers (DGRE), precipitation intercepted by rain fed (estimated), use of treated waste water (ONAS, DGGREE), use of desalinated water (SONEDE and private users), use of rainwater tanks-majels (INS).

Theme 2: Management and protection of water resources

PC. 2.1: Transboundary basins and water resources management

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone:Establishment of a consultative mechanism for the joint management of the North Western Sahara Aquifer System(NWSAS), operated by Tunisia, Algeria and Libya

Existence of a Management Plan for Effective Water or IWRM plan and year of adoption:- There is no stated plan for the Integrated Water Resources Management; however the main institutions responsible for water work separately for the promotion of IWRM through its various components, as well as improving governance and effective management of water resources.- A national plan for Integrated Water Resources Management at the national level and across borders, which identifies priority steps that must be taken to reform the system of water management to the principles of IWRM to develop by 2015.

Target: Develop a national Water Efficiency Plan by 2015.

Elements of the legislative and regulatory environment:- The water code developed in 1975 is being revised and / or redesigned to update it and to adapt to current conditions. It remains the most appropriate instrument for the preservation and protection of water resources.- The recent Renaissance of the National Council of Water (Decree No. 407/2010 dated March 9, 2010) will assist the Minister to decide on strategic issues in the sector, while involving all stakeholders in the water, including civil society.

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Elements of institutional arrangements:- The BPEH recently renewed and charged by the Minister’s office, in coordination with stakeholders in the hydraulic sector, to: (i) planning the mobilization of conventional water resources and the development of non-conventional water resources in order to meet the medium and long term, growing needs of water consummation in different sectors, (ii) annual program allocation of water resources to different users in order to develop such resources, (iii) ensure the ongoing monitoring of deployment of the hydraulic sector especially in emergency situations, which consist mainly in periods of drought or floods or during any failures in any production or distribution water facility, (iv) ensure coordination between institutions producers and distributors of water resources in the hydraulic field.- The BPEH is in charge of coordinating the study of strategic water in 2050 in Tunisia.- DGRE is responsible for the coordination and management of the national information system on water (SINEAU).

Elements of Financial Structure:- The investment project in water sector (PISEAU 2) is financed by the IBRD, AfDB and AFD. The implementation of SINEAU and the strategic study on Water 2050 are financed by the AWF. The revision of the Water Code is funded by BIRH while preservation strategy groundwater is funded by the European Union. Efficient project management of water resources and the study of the sustainable management of water resources are funded by GIZ.

Management instruments:Existence of tools and methods that help decision makers to take the best decision. These instruments are: the Water Code, the National Council for water, The hydraulic public water domain commission, the National Commission for Sustainable Development, SINEAU, BPEH, and BIRH etc.Sources of verification and specific comments: - Ministry in charge of Water and institutions.

PC. 2.2. TransboundaryInfrastructureDevelopment RainwaterTarget: Increase by 10% from 2008- 2015.

Not applicable

PC. 2.3. GroundwaterTarget: AGC Roadmapimplemented atMore than 80%.

Not applicable

PC. 2.4. Rainwater

Target: Increase the share of rainwater use in total municipal water consumption up to 10% by 2015.

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone: - Encouraging the use of rainwater

Achievement:

Years (i) 2008 2011 2012 2013

- Total municipal water supply(A) 488.8 563.7 601.3 628.7

- Rainwater use (Mm3) (B) 12.6 8.76 10.20 10.7*

- Water use from other sources (Mm3) (C) (41.7+83.7) (44.0+69.3) (44.4+57.2) (45.0+46.1)

Total municipal water consumption (%) (Twc = A+B+C) 626.8 659.7 713.1 689.0

Percentage of rainwater usepRu (%)=B/Twc . 2.01 1.32 1.43 1.55

*estimated at 90 000 families.

Sources of verification and specific comments:-The quantities of water are removed from municipal provided statistical reports SONEDE, storm water are estimated on the basis of the general census of population and housing 2004 and on the results of the Labor Force Survey 2009 of INS; the withdrawals from wells and boreholes come from DGRE directories.-The figures for rainwater used needs to be revised and better defined


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PC. 3.1. Urban Water Supply

PC. 3.2. Urban Sanitation

PC. 3.3. Rural Water Supply

PC. 3.3. Rural Sanitation and Hygiene

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone:Developing Infrastructure of water supply and sanitation in urban and rural areas especially in the North West and in the South regions.Achievement in water supply:

Years (i) 1990 2010 2011 2012 2013

-Urban access (%) 100 100 100 100 100

-Rural access (%) 38,7 93,5 93,8 93,4 93,9

-Total access (%) (W) 75,4 97,8 97,9 97,8 98,0

Rate of Inaccessibility reduction for waterIRwat (%) = (Wi-W1990)/ (100-W1990)

- 91.0 91.5 91.0 91.9

Target: Reduce by 50% from 1990 to 2015, the proportion of the population without improved drinking water source, and the proportion without improved sanitation facility (Urban/Rural /Total).

Achievement in improved sanitation:

Years (i) 1990 2010 2011 2012 2013

-Urban access (%) 9498

9898

99*97 (JMP)

97 (JMP)

-Rural access (%) 4384

8484

84*77 (JMP)

77 (JMP)

-Total access (%) (S) 7394

93.894

94*89 (JMP)

90(JMP)

Rate of Inaccessibility reduction for sanitationIRsan (%) = (S

i-S1990)/(100-S1990)- 77.8 77.0 77.8 77.8*

2013 figures are estimatedTargets are achieved based on national and JMP improved water supply and sanitation definitions

Sources of verification:The data sources are: (i) the INS through censuses of 1974, 1984, 1994, 2004 and INS national survey on population and housing for 2009It is recommended to remove the institutional shortcomings of rural sanitation and extend the scope of ONAS rural or load another appropriate institution management, (iii) MDG 2011 report, AfDB, AEC, AU, and UNDP(data of 1990 and 2008), (iv) African Water Report to AU. Summit 31/01/2014 for WHO/UNICEF/JMP data.

PC. 4.1. Adaptation to Climate Change

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone (New initiatives to improve resilience):Developing a strategy, action plans and programs for implementationExistence of a National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Year of adoption: A national adaptation strategy of Tunisian agriculture and ecosystems to climate change (MARH, 2006) and a study on the protection of ecosystems and adaptation to climate change (ME, 2007), have been developed. This strategy is based on sectoral strategies related to water resources, ecosystems, agro-ecosystems and the agricultural sector as a whole. This strategy was adopted.

Target: Develop and implement, at least 1 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy by 2015.

Existence of Actions Plans on Water for Climate Change resilience:Action plans and implementation of this strategy based on: (i) the control of excess water in wet years by the development of surface storage techniques (structural design for a multi-year adjustment) and underground (recharge of ground water), (ii) the future management / risk management, focusing mainly on the mobilization of new resources, optimizing management, water conservation, rationalization and enhancement of water, (iii) and concrete measures for the development of legislation, institutional, and especially the strengthening of modest capacity to adapt to climate change. It is a series of action plans for drought, flooding, water quality, protection of wetlands, coastal management ...

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Existence of Programmes for implementing the Actions plans: Detailed activities programs for the implementation of action plans exist, they are broken down by component:1)climate: (i) establishment of a monitoring system based on climate and remote sensing early warning to the farm level, (ii) implementation of a System for Collecting Real Time Hydrological measurements and Announcement Flood Tunisian wadis (SYCOHTRAC) (iii) dissemination of information in the form of climate indices in all economic sectors, (iv) conduct a study on the sustainable management of water resources in Tunisia (OTEDD) (v) conduct a study on early warning system for the management of risks to climate extremes and climate change in Tunisia.2) water resources: (i) revise the Water Code and commit to implement it rigorously to protect water resources and taking into consideration the climate change, (ii) further review the water pricing by taking into account the conservation of ecosystem services.3) ecosystems: (i) continue the program of water management - however by ecosystem, rather than by watershed - to take into account the environmental benefits of these services(4) agricultural systems: (i) rigorously enforce the planned agricultural map (use of land and crops) while adapting to future climate change.A system of M & E for adaptation to climate change (case of agriculture) is being implemented by OTEDD.

Sources of verification and Specific comments:Sources of verification are: (i) for climate: MA, DGRE, INM, OTEDD (ii) for water resources: MA, DGRE, BIRH, SONEDE, DGGREE (iii) for ecosystems: MA, ME (iv) and for agricultural systems: MA, DGPA, CRDA.

PC. 4.2. Water-related Hazards

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone (water disaster prevention initiatives):There is a national committee to fight against natural disasters and to organize rescue efforts. There is also a regional committee for combating water related hazards in each governorate. These committees have operations manuals and plans for disaster preparedness and disaster management.

Target: Establish at least 1 Early warning System for disaster prevention at national level by 2015.

Existence of Early Warning Disaster prevention System and Year of establishment:o For the prevention and management of flood risks, the DGRE has put in place in 2008, a system to collect hydrological measurements in real time and announcements of flood in Tunisian wadis (SYCOHTRAC). This system allows the acquisition, collection, processing and dissemination of information in real time, enabling a quick decision during heavy rainfall and floods. It is a network of operational alert for a good understanding of climatic events, providing early warnings for the protection of property and persons against the devastating effects of extreme events. It includes :( i) a network of 130 automatic observation stations for measuring rainfall and water levels in wadis and dams, powered by solar panels. It is equipped with data acquisition system that stores collected information and transmitting the information via (GSM) modules with capture, storage

and transmission of data through the network mobile (GSM) (ii) eleven call centers and data retrieval based on the DGRE, DGBGTH, and the CRDA (iii) and a computer system (WINMONI) for managing the stations, alarming and gathering and validating the data in the data base SYCOHTRAC. The SYCOHTRAC is also a tool for decision support that allows the consultation and data visualization in real time. A software program (PHy) (rainfall, Hydrometry) allows the access to the database through the WEB technology via the intranet network (AGRINET) of MA allowing operators and decision-maker to: (i) check the database under tabular and / or graphical forms, (ii) editing the rainfall or hydrological sheets, (iii) and take immediate and adequate decisions.

o In addition, the AMU countries have established a Maghrebian observatory for the drought, which is a part of the drought early warning system (SMAS) project. The objectives are: the prevention of environmental degradation caused by drought, improving the diagnosis capabilities of the drought crisis and the development of adaptation strategies to reduce the impact of drought using an early warning system (EWS) allowing a regular monitoring of environmental change in the Maghreb countries, and strengthening institutional ability for early warning and drought risk management. The expected results are: (i) the production of indicators of structural and economic vulnerabilities in each country, (ii) the development of structural vulnerability maps, (iii) the integration of EWS products in development plans, (iv) and spreading of EWS products on the Web. The current monitoring tools for measuring the drought impacts, in Tunisia are: (i) meteorological indicators (compared to normal, deciles, or standard precipitation index SPI, reflecting periods of deficit and excess rainfall), agronomic indicators, socio-economic indicators, hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic (ii) remote sensing, (iii) and climate forecasts.


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o Similarly, the DHMPE of the Ministry of Health is also working very hard at the prevention and management of health risks associated with water and the environment in case of natural disasters. Regarding the monitoring of the state of drought in different meteorological stations in the country, INM develops cards of Standard Precipitation Index (SPI); the mapping of this index shows the areas that are affected by drought.

-Elements of risk knowledge are: Sectoral studies, documents and guides exist as guide of the sustainable management of water resources, drought guide, and management of extreme climate change. They clarify the risks and provide appropriate responses and mitigation strategies to address a specific risk. Observation networks and monitoring of specific indicators and early warning systems help to know the risks.

- Elements of the Monitoring, analysis and prediction of risks: Monitoring, analysis and forecasts of the risks are conducted with a monitoring and information system.-Elements of the Communication or dissemination of alerts and warnings: Alerts and warnings are communicated or distributed according to an agreed communication strategy on risk management. All channels of monitoring and information can be used.

-Elements of local capacity to respond to the warnings received: There are emergency plans and supporting infrastructure at multiple levels.-Sources of verification and specific comments: national committee to fight against natural disasters and rescue organization and the regional committees in each governorate.

PC. 5.1. Institutional arrangementsPC. 5.2. Ethics, transparency, empowerment

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone: - Restructuring of BPHE, revision of the Water Code, establishment of the national Water Council ,workshop to launch and implement the development project of SINEAU (26/03/2013) ,national consultation workshop on the review and analysis of the state of implementation of strategies and / or action plans for wastewater in Tunisia (05/03/2013), water table on the water local management (25/12/2013), local governance legal framework of water in Tunisia (27/05/2014),consultation workshop on governance and financing of water sector (18/02/2014) ...

PC. 5.3. Public and private roles

PC. 5.4. Right to water

PC. 5.5. Regulatory approaches

Existence of policies and reforms of the water, and when the last update: in reference to the following documents:

-WATER 21 - Study of the water sector in Tunisia long-term 2030 (MARH 1998)- PISEAU project 1 (2001-2007) followed by PISEAU 2 (2008-2014)- Study of the sustainable management of water resources (2008)- Revision and amendment of the Water Code. Bill revising and implementing decrees (2010-2014)

- Water Rights in the new constitution (Article 44) (2014)

Target: Institute/update, by 2015, water sector policy reforms that reflect good governance principles of:

-Existence of Water sector policy that reflects good governance principles, and Year of latest update:-The study of the water sector (1998) established the future strategic direction of the sector and laid the basis and the foundations of integrated water resources management (IWRM)The study recommends an integrated approach for the management of water resources and taking into consideration at the same time the management of groundwater and surface water, the management of the quantity and quality of water and the balanced participation between state and users. In addition, it recommends that while pursuing the mobilization of new water resources, a strategy of “demand management” should be conducted in order to reduce losses and protect the quality of water resources, improve the socio-economic effects for the use of water and to minimize environmental damage.

(i) Partnership commitment; (ii) ethics -transparency, equity and fairness; (iii) responsibility and accountability; (iv) inclusiveness, participation, predictability and responsiveness; and (v) coherence.

It seems that we are moving towards a future where allocations between the various water usages are optimized economically and the available water resources are used with an integrated manner. The principles and frameworks of management must ensure a transformation towards a sustainable and equitable solution for everyone.

The long-term strategic study of the water sector in Tunisia is based on the prediction of the resources for future mobilization projects and on the evolution of the demand for some socio-economic indicators...

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Given the limited water potential of the country, the increased needs will lead to a rigorous and sustainable integrated management of the resource by:(i) searching for new resources, (ii) the use of non-conventional waters (iii) improving the efficiency of water infrastructure and water conservation (iv) the management of water quality, preservation of the resource and the protection of ecosystems and the environment, (v) mitigation of extreme events (droughts and floods) (vi) the optimization of data collecting systems , accessibility to the information for everyone and the development of a water information system (vi) the development of a public-private-partnership (vii) the implementation of legislation and strengthening the responsibilities of the water management institutions(viii) and the search for tools and appropriate , innovative and diversified funding

- PISEAU also aims to: (a) promote the integrated management of water resources by (i) the establishment and implementation of an institutional framework and implementation of sectoral reforms to adopt a management demand (changes in tariff policy, new institutional arrangements), (ii) improving the capacity of government, GIC and private sector operators to manage resources in an efficient manner, and (iii) better real-time management of surface and groundwater, and (b) promote the conservation of water resources and environmental protection. PISEAU 1 is based on the following investment components: irrigation management, rural water supply, groundwater management, conservation of water resources and environmental protection, and capacity building. PISEAU 2 continues the investment in the same components. It supports the strengthening of the monitoring networks of water resources, the establishment of the: SINEAU, monitoring system for soil quality and pollution control , groundwater management, the conduct of pilot operations on rural sanitation and improving the quality and value of treated wastewater.

- The study of the water sector and PISEAU also recommended that the governance of water and sanitation must be improved.

Governance is a complex process that involves the participation at several levels beyond the state.The water governance has four main interrelated dimensions: (i) a social dimension that is equitable use of the resource, (ii) an environmental dimension that allows sustainable use of the resource and ecosystem integrity, (iii) an economic dimension: efficient use of the resource, the role of water in economic growth, and (iv) a political dimension to ensure that all stakeholders, users and citizens have equal access to water opportunities.

The characteristics of good governance are: efficiency, sustainability, participation, accountability, integration, ethics, motivation, transparency, fairness, consistency, openness, and communication.The keys for a good governance are: political will and public-private partnership with respect to the needs and dignity, regulations for the quality of services, service providers efficient and accountable, good policies, effective institutional structures, and public participation.- Revision and amendment of the Water Code. Bill revising and implementing decrees (2010-2014)

The new Water Code deals with the objectives and general principles, delimitation and preservation of public water domain, governance in the water sector, regimes to use the water, uses and water utilities, prevention and risks related to water, regime control and monitoring, and transitional and final provisions.- Water Rights in the new constitution (Article 44) (2014)Article 44: “The right to water is guaranteed. The water preservation and the rationalization of its operating is the responsibility of the State and the society. “

Elements on Partnership and commitment: ONAS has already initiated activities in partnership with the private sector for the operation of sanitation facilities (network, pumping stations and treatment plants). The rate of private sector involvement in the operation of the infrastructure was 12% in 2005, rose to 16% in 2011 and fell to 13% in 2012 and 2013. Similarly SONEDE intends financing, building and operating sea water desalination plant of Djerba by BOT concession contract.Elements on Ethics - transparency, equity and fairness:existence of legislative and regulatory frameworks


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Elements on responsibility and accountability:each institution knows and accepts responsibility for his actions, existence of legislative and regulatory frameworksElements on inclusiveness, participation, predictability and responsiveness:Duty to respond to the need of the demand, clear objectives and impact assessment existence of manuals of procedures.Elements on Coherence:coherent frameworks Sources of verification:The documents mentioned above. However, it is necessary to update and consolidate the 2015 political reforms in the area of water and sanitation, which reflect the principles of good governance.

PC. 6.1. Financing Local Authorities

Targets:

-Allocate immediately at least 0.5 % of GDP to sanitation & hygiene.

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone:Water, sanitation and hygiene budget in recent years is still insufficient to achieve the targets.Achievement for GDP allocation: (MTDN) 1 TDN=0.627 $ on 27/03/2013

Years (i) 2008 2011 2012 2013

- GDP (A1)55 267.8(34.652911 109$)

64 730.6(40.586086 109$)

70 584.6*(44.256544 109$)

75 646.4*(47.430293 109$)

- Sanitation and Hygiene Budget (B1)

93.0(58.311 106$)

109.1(68.4057 106$)

91.5(57.3705 106$)

96.9(60.7563 106$)

Percentage of GDP for Sanitation and HygienegdpSH (%) = B1/A1

0.17 0.17 0.13 0.13

and

-Allocate immediately 5% of national budget for water & sanitation.

*2012 semi-final; 2013 provisional (Source INS)Sanitation data: Source ONAS 06/2014Hygiene data: Source DHMPE 30/06/2014Achievement for national budget allocation: (MTDN) 1 TDN=0.627 $ on 27/03/2013

Years (i) 2008 2011 2012 2013

- Total National Budget (A2)

16 068.3

(10 074.824 106$)

20 350.0

(12 759.45 106$)

25 551.0

(16 020.477 106$)

26 792.0

(16 798.584 106$)

- Water and Sanitation Budget (B2)

396.6

(248.6682 106$)

424.3

(266.0361 106$)

492.8

(308.9856 106$)

480.2

(301.0854 106$)

Percentage of national Budget to Water and Sanitation

BdgWS (%) = B2/A2

2.5 2.1 1.9 1.8

Sources of verification (i) For GDP and total national budget of the country, the source is INS (ii) Water, sanitation and hygiene budget, the data source is the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture (GBO program), ONAS and DHMPE.Need to bring the percentage to 0.5% of GDP on hygiene and sanitation and to 5% the percentage of GDP national budget for water and sanitation.

PC. 6.2. Pricing Strategies

PC. 6.3.Pro-poor financing Strategies

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone:Describe the Water Tariff Structure: Minimum life line demand (l / person / day): 20 m 3/ connection / quarter or 45 l / person / day.Minimum salary of the population SMIG (48 hours per week): TDN 319,904 or $ 189.38.Rate (USD or EURO / local currency): 1 Tunisian dinar for $ 0.592 (24/06/14).

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Target: Set by 2015, water tariff system that addresses cross-subsidy and the need of poor.

Example for Indicator: Lifeline Water (l/ca/day): 100 Minimum salary of the population (TD/month): 319.9 For a hypothetical 5 persons family: water used = 100 l/c/d * 5 * 30 /1000= 15 m3

(minimum billed =20 m3) cost at 0.155 TD /m3 = 3.1 TD

% of minimum monthly income = 3.1/319.9 = 1 % < 3%

Target is met.Tariff Structure: The water tariff was adjusted 2 times in 2013. The first adjustment by decree of 13.06.2013 and the second by decree of 26.12.2013 (in force).

Consumption categories (m3/ quarter) Rate (local currency mls/m3 and USD/m3)

0-20 155 mls/m3 which is 0,09 USD/m3

21-40 270 which is 0,159

41-70 365 which is 0,216

71-100 665 which is 0,393

101-150 815 which is 0,482

151-500 1135 which is 0,672

≥ 501 1190 which is 0,704

Adjustments for cross-subsidy:

Adjustments Rate

Rural hydrants (Standpipes) 155 mls/m3 = 0,09 USD/m3

Tourism 1190 mls/m3 = 0,704 USD/m3

Fixed charges are in addition to this fee, the value is determined by the diameter of the counters: D15 (DT 4.400 / quarter), D20 (8.160), D30 (15.080), D40 (27.700), D60 and D80 (70.400), D100 (113.250) and D150 (295.000).This tariff reflects the equalization and access for the poor (social group) and encourages saving water.

Tariff for rural areas if any: Same price for Connecting Rural, while for the population served by hydrant, the price is social. Describe the sanitation services pricing if there is any:

Consumption categories (m3/quarter) Rate in millimes/m 3 and USD/m 3

0-20 17 mls/m3 = 0.010 USD/m3

21-40 28 mls/m3(0-20), 170 (21-40)

41-70 180 (0-20) then 285 (21-70)

71-100 285 (0-70) and 472 (71 - 100)

101-150 300 (0-70) then 490 (71-150)

>= 151 300 (0-70) then 606 (after 71)

Fixed charges (RF) to be added:• Tourism usage: RF = 8688 + 1080 mls/m 3

• Industrial usage and polluting activities: RF = 8688 + {617 mls/m 3: equipped & low pollution or 845 mls/m 3: average pollution or 845+410*Q mls/m3: heavy pollution}, Q = coefficient of pollution• Industrial usage not connected: {equipped and low pollution: 0 or polluter: RF = 8688 + 617 mls/m 3}• Administrative usage: RF = 8688 + 845 mls/m 3

• Other usages: commercial, professional or other: RF = 8688 + {Consumption <10 m 3/quarter: 574 mls/m 3 or consumption> 10 m 3/quarter: 717 mls/m 3}

Sources of verification:SONEDE for water billing and ONAS for sanitation billing


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PC. 7.1. Education and capacity development

Target: To be identified.

Not to be reported.

PC. 7.2. Information

Target: Enhance by 2016, the national water and sanitation Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting (M&E, &R) Systems in a way to be in line with the pan African M&E.

Specific actions taken so far for the milestone: - launching of the development project and establishment of SINEAU 26/03/2013 in Tunis.

- Strengthening of the existing monitoring and evaluation and reporting systems to be in line with the Pan African SE.Existence of national Water & Sanitation M&E, & R System, and Year of Establishment:-There is no ‘’declared’’ M&E&R water and sanitation national system, on the other hand some institutions have management sub-systems for the data from the water sector such as the SYGREAU for the DGRE, the COPEAU for the ANPE, the SISOLS for the DGACTA and the aggregate monitoring system of the water sector under implementation at the BPEH, while other institutions have simple databases.

-The SINEAU: the national information system on water, which presents a dynamic portal, must bring together all the existing and the future sub systems. A workshop on the development project and the establishment of SINEAU just took place on 26/3/2013 in Tunis.

Recent updates in the M&E System:

Items Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Target year

- New incorporated elements(PISEAU 1 : 2001-2007)(PISEAU 2 : 2009-2014)

Study of the SYGREAU,COPEAU, SISols and other databases and data management system (SGD)

Study, design and development of the SINEAU

Study, design and development of the SINEAU

2007

-Improvement and harmonization of the existing sub management information systems existing at the regional and national level.-Establishment of a data management system (SGD) in a way to be in line with the Pan African M&E System ( AMCOW)to track the progress towards achieving the MGDs OMD .

Establishment of theSINEAU

2012-Tunisia’s water sector M&E Rapid Assessment Report-NWSAS Transboundary Rapid Assessment Report

Establishment of the SINEAU

2013-Development of a minimum set of indicators, standards and criteria for water & sanitation sector in

Establishment of the SINEAU

2014-National Baseline State of the Water Report- National Action Plan for SOW Reporting Mechanism Report

2014

(MEWINA project: 2012-2014)-Implementation of water resources M&E&R system at national level in line with the Pan African system-Establishment of MEWINA Project Management Unit-Operational MEWINA national focal unit

Tunisia-National state of the water monitoring and evaluation operational framework and guidelines

2015-2019

Drivers IWRM Governance improvement

Achievement of the targets

2015

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Elements of the pan African M&E incorporated:-Improvement, harmonization and strengthening of the existing sub management information systems (SMIS).- Establishment of a data management system in line with the Pan African system of monitoring and evaluation (AMCOW)

Sources of verification: DGRE/MA

PC. 7.3. Water and TechnologiesTarget: To be identified.

Not to be reported.

PC. 7.4. Professional Networks/ AssociationsTarget: To be identified.

• Not to be reported.

tunisia 2012 state of the water report -...

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