tuesday!!!!! 12/13/11
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Tuesday!!!!! 12/13/11. Bell Ringer. Schedule. PAP Chemistry. Bell Ringer HW Check Nomenclature notes. HOMEWORK: Review for your midterm !!!!!. Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Tuesday!!!!!Tuesday!!!!!
12/13/1112/13/11Bell RingerBell Ringer
1)1) Turn in any field trip Turn in any field trip papers and money. We can papers and money. We can take 2 more students!take 2 more students!
2)2) Pick up the midterm online Pick up the midterm online review paper off the front review paper off the front demo table and the Paper demo table and the Paper Midterm Review answer Midterm Review answer key.key.
ScheduleSchedule1. Bell Ringer
2. HW Check
3. Nomenclature notes
HOMEWORK: Review for your midterm !!!!!
PAP Chemistry
Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.
I CAN……solve chemistry problems by being an independent, creative thinker.
Nomenclature
NOVA: Island of Stability….why can’t we just create new elements?
IonsIonsIonsIons CationCation: A positive ion: A positive ion
MgMg2+2+, NH, NH44++
AnionAnion: A negative ion: A negative ion ClCl, SO, SO44
22
Ionic BondingIonic Bonding: Force of attraction : Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.between oppositely charged ions.
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges
Group 1Group 1::Lose 1 electron to form Lose 1 electron to form 1+1+ ions ions
LiLi++ NaNa++ KK++
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges
Group 2Group 2::Loses 2 electrons to form Loses 2 electrons to form 2+2+ ions ions
BeBe2+2+ MgMg2+2+ CaCa2+2+ SrSr2+2+ BaBa2+2+
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroup 13Group 13:: Loses 3 Loses 3
electrons to form electrons to form 3+3+ ions ions
BB3+3+ AlAl3+3+ GaGa3+3+
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroup 14Group 14:: Lose 4 Lose 4
electrons or gain electrons or gain 4 electrons?4 electrons?
Neither! Neither! Group 14 Group 14 elements rarely elements rarely form ions. +/- 4form ions. +/- 4
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges
Group 15Group 15:: Gains 3 Gains 3 electrons to form electrons to form 3-3- ions ions
NN3-3-
PP3-3-
AsAs3-3-
Nitride
Phosphide
Arsenide
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges
Group 16Group 16:: Gains 2 Gains 2 electrons to form electrons to form 2-2- ions ions
OO2-2-
SS2-2-
SeSe2-2-
Oxide
Sulfide
Selenide
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges
Group 17Group 17:: Gains 1 Gains 1 electron to form electron to form 1-1- ions ions
FF1-1-
ClCl1-1-
BrBr1-1-Fluoride
Chloride
Bromide
II1-1- Iodide
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges
Group 18Group 18:: Stable Stable Noble gases Noble gases do do notnot form ions! form ions!
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroups 3 - Groups 3 -
1212:: Many Many transitiontransition elements elements have more than one possible oxidation have more than one possible oxidation state.state.
Iron(II) = Fe2+ Iron(III) = Fe3+
Copper (I) = Cu +1
Copper (II) = Cu +2
Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroups 3 - Groups 3 -
1212:: Some Some transitiontransition elements elements have only one possible oxidation state.have only one possible oxidation state.
Zinc = Zn2+ Silver = Ag+Tin ( II) = Sn +2
Tin (IV) = Sn +4
Latin names Latin names
You may see the Latin names for Fe, You may see the Latin names for Fe, Cu, and SnCu, and Sn Iron (II) = FerrousIron (II) = Ferrous Irong (III) = FerricIrong (III) = Ferric
Copper (I) = CupprousCopper (I) = Cupprous Copper (II) = CuppricCopper (II) = Cuppric
Tin (II) = StannousTin (II) = Stannous Tin (IV) = StannicTin (IV) = Stannic
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Iron(III) chloride
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
FeFe3+3+ClCl--2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
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Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Aluminum sulfide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
AlAl3+3+ SS2-2-2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
22 33
Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas
Example: Barium nitrate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
BaBa2+2+ NONO33--
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
( )( ) 22
Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas
Example: Ammonium sulfate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
NHNH44++ SOSO44
2-2-2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
( )( )22
Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas
Example: Magnesium carbonate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
MgMg2+2+ COCO332-2-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
They are balanced!
Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas
Example: Zinc hydroxide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! ZnZn2+2+ OHOH--
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
( )( )22
Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas
Example: Aluminum phosphate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!
AlAl3+3+ POPO443-3-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
They ARE balanced!
Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds 1. 1. Cation first, then anionCation first, then anion
2. Monatomic cation = name of the 2. Monatomic cation = name of the elementelement
CaCa2+2+ = calcium = calcium ionion
3. Monatomic anion = 3. Monatomic anion = rootroot + + -ide-ide ClCl = chlor = chlorideide
CaClCaCl22 = calcium chlor= calcium chlorideide
Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
(continued)(continued)
Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
(continued)(continued)
-- some some metal forms more than one metal forms more than one cationcation -- use use Roman numeralRoman numeral in namein name
PbClPbCl22
PbPb2+2+ is cationis cation
PbClPbCl22 = lead( = lead(IIII) chloride) chloride
Metals with multiple oxidation Metals with multiple oxidation statesstates
Naming Binary Naming Binary (Covalent) Compounds(Covalent) Compounds
Naming Binary Naming Binary (Covalent) Compounds(Covalent) Compounds
-- Compounds between two Compounds between two nonmetalsnonmetals -- First element First element in the formula is in the formula is named firstnamed first.. -- Second element Second element is named as if it were an is named as if it were an anionanion..
-- Use prefixesUse prefixes -- Only use Only use monomono on second element - on second element -
PP22OO55 ==COCO22 = =
CO =CO =
NN22O =O =
didiphosphorus phosphorus pentpentoxideoxide
carbon carbon didioxideoxide
carbon carbon monmonoxideoxide
didinitrogen nitrogen monmonoxideoxide
PrefixesPrefixes
1 - mon(o) 1 - mon(o) 2 - di 2 - di 3 - tri 3 - tri 4 - tetr(a) 4 - tetr(a) 5 - pent(a) 5 - pent(a) 6 - hex(a) 6 - hex(a) 7 - hept(a) 7 - hept(a) 8 - oct(a) 8 - oct(a) 9 - non(a) 9 - non(a) 10 - dec(a) 10 - dec(a)
CClCCl44
NN22OO
SFSF66
carbon tetrachloride carbon tetrachloride
dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
sulfur hexafluoridesulfur hexafluoride
C. Molecular C. Molecular NomenclatureNomenclature
arsenic trichloridearsenic trichloride
dinitrogen pentoxidedinitrogen pentoxide
tetraphosphorus decoxidetetraphosphorus decoxide
AsClAsCl33
NN22OO55
PP44OO1010
C. Molecular C. Molecular NomenclatureNomenclature
Common Acids you Common Acids you SHOULD knowSHOULD know
HCl Hydrochloric acidHCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acidHBr Hydrobromic acid HNOHNO33 Nitric Acid Nitric Acid
HClOHClO33 Chloric Acid Chloric Acid
HClOHClO44 Perchloric Acid Perchloric Acid
HH22SOSO44 Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid
HH33POPO44 Phosphoric Acid Phosphoric Acid
HCHC22HH33OO22 Acetic Acid (5% Acetic Acid is also Acetic Acid (5% Acetic Acid is also
known as known as Vinegar)Vinegar)