TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

BY: SHWETANSHU GUPTA

MBA-TBS-49-2013

INTRODUCTION PROFOUNDER SELF AWARENESS JOHARI WINDOW EGO STATES TYPES OF EGO STATES AIM OF TA LIFE POSITIONS TRANSACTION STROKING GAMES NEED FOR GAMES IMPORTANCE OF TA

INTRODUCTIONANALYSIS OF SOCIAL

TRANSACTIONS, INTERPERSONAL

BEHAVIOUR.

SOCIAL TRANSACTION - PEOPLE INTERACTION.

STUDY OF MOVES PEOPLE MAKE IN THEIR DEALINGS.

• PEOPLE THINK, LIKE THEY DO• PEOPLE ACT, LIKE THEY DO

• INTERACTION WITH OTHERS

A MODEL FOR EXPLAINING

WHY AND HOW:

PROFOUNDER- ERIC BERNE

• ACCORDING TO HIM - OUR BRAIN-• DETERMINES WHAT

WE THINK AND HOW WE ACT.

• IT CONSISTS OF DIFFERENT PERSONALITIES.

• ACTS LIKE A TAPE RECORDER WHILE RECORDING.

SELF AWARENESS

Self is core of personality pattern which provides interaction.

Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham - Johari window diagram.

JOHARI WINDOW

EGO STATES

PERSONALITY IS CONTROLLED AND SHAPED BY THE EGO WHICH DOMINATES THE PERSON PRIMARILY

TYPES OF EGO STATE

PARENT EGO STATE

• It incorporates the attitude, behaviours of all emotionally significant people who serve as parent figure when individual was child.

• Values and behaviour recorded becomes basic values of the personality.

Two Types of Parent Ego-

• Nurturing parent ego – nurturing behaviour , very caring, very compromising, loving, Sympathetic , kind, forgiving

• Critical Parent Ego-A punishing personality, criticise , prejudice, finds fault, disapproves.

• Each individual has mixture of both nurturing and critical parent ego states.

CHARACTERSTICS OF PARENT

Overprotective Upright (always right) References to rules and laws, Wagging Finger Dos and Don’t Reliance on the ways that were successful in the

past Teaching

CHILD EGO STATE

CHILD-LIKE; REFLECTS THE LITTLE BOY/GIRL THAT NEVER GROWS UP.

IS FUN-LOVING, AFFECTIONATE, SELFISH, MEAN, PLAYFUL SPONTANEOUS

THE NEGATIVE ASPECT OF THE ADAPTED CHILD INVOLVES OVERADAPTING WHEREIN WE GIVE UP OUR POWER AND DISCOUNT OUR

VALUE, WORTH, AND DIGNITY.

THE POSITIVE ASPECT OF THE ADAPTED CHILD IS THAT WE RESPOND APPROPRIATELY IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS.

THE NEGATIVE ASPECT OF THE NATURAL CHILD IS TO BE IMPULSIVE TO THE DEGREE OUR SAFETY IS COMPROMISED.

THE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF THE NATURAL CHILD ARE THE SPONTANEOUS, EVER SO LOVABLE, LOVING AND CHARMING PARTS OF ALL OF US.

TYPES OF CHILD EGO

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD

Seeing, hearing, touching

Experience joy /frustration

Wish /fantasise

Feels internally

Spontaneous

ADULT-EGO STATE• Based on reasoning, seeking

and providing

• View people as equal, worthy

• Updates the parent data regarding what is valid and what is not

• Updates child data to determine which feelings should be expressed and which shouldn't

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT

Estimations

Evaluation

Storing Data

Figuring out

Exploring

Testing

Parent is our 'Taught' concept of life

Adult is our 'Thought' concept of life

Child is our 'Felt' concept of life

In Simple Words:

AIM OF TAA major focus of TA is determining which ego state(s) a person is using.

The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves.

Thus, TA is a social psychology and a method to improve communication.

LIFE POSITIONS Are windows on the world or the glasses through which we

see the world.

He thinks there are four possible life positions I’m not OK, You’re OK I’m not OK, You’re not OK I’m OK, You’re not OK I’m OK, You’re OK

Berne believes that everyone is born in the same Life Position

I’m not OK, You’re OK

The reason you are not OK when you are born is because you are dependent on others for all your needs. They are OK, because they have the ability to satisfy their own needs and your needs.

I AM NOT OK, YOU ARE OK

I AM NOT OK, YOU ARE NOT OK

Life, which in the first year had some comforts, now has none. By the end of the first year something significant has happened to the child. He is walking. He no longer has to be picked up. It means that his 'babying' days are over. The stroking ceases entirely.

In addition punishments come harder and more often

I AM OK , YOU ARE NOT OK

It is the position of people who project their problems onto others and blame them, put them down, and criticize them.

Results when a person is ignored too much as child.

Lack trust, confidence, talent.

I AM OK, YOU ARE OK

Occurs when person has ok feelings.

Feels life as worth living,

This position is characterized by an attitude of trust and openness, a willingness to give and take, and an acceptance of others as they are.

People are close to themselves and to others. There are no losers, only winners.

TRANSACTION

WHEN PEOPLE INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER. TYPES-

COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTIONS CROSSED TRANSACTIONS ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS -

ANGULAR DUPLEX

COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION

BOTH PERSONS ARE OPERATING FROM THE SAME EGO STATE (CHILD:CHILD) OR FROM COMPLEMENTARY EGO STATES (PARENT:CHILD OR ADULT:PARENT).

COMMUNICATION LINES ARE PARALLEL.

SMOOTH TYPE OF INTERACTION

EXAMPLES:

CROSSED TRANSACTION

AN INAPPROPRIATE EGO STATE IS ACTIVATED, PRODUCING AN UNEXPECTED RESPONSE.

CROSSED TRANSACTIONS HURT.

WHEN THEY OCCUR, PEOPLE TEND TO WITHDRAW FROM EACH OTHER OR SWITCH TOPICS.

LINES ARE CROSSED.

EXAMPLES:

ULTERIOR TRANSACTION

DOUBLE MEANING INTERACTIONS.

MOST COMPLEX AND SUBTLE.

TWO MESSAGES ARE SENT, ONE OVERT, THE OTHER IMPLIED AND UNSPOKEN.

ANGULAR TRANSACTION

DUPLEX TRANSACTION

You are wearing a nice shirt

Thanks. Its LEVIS

He looks idiot

From neighbor

STROKING A stroke is any act of recognition or source of

stimulation. Verbal or physical recognition for certain

behaviours. Strokes result in the collection of either good or

bad feelings, known as stamps. When enough stamps are collected, they cash

them in on behaviour. Healthy people give and receive positive strokes

most often.

TYPES OF STROKESVerbal

Non-verbal

Positive

Negative

Conditional

Un-conditional

Conditional strokes say “I will like you if and when you are a certain way”; they are received for doing something.

Unconditional strokes say “I am willing to accept you for who you are and for being who you are, and we can negotiate our differences.”

Positive strokes say “I like you,” and they may be expressed by warm physical touches, accepting words, appreciation, a smile, and friendly gestures.

Negative strokes say “I don’t like you,” and they too can be expressed both verbally and nonverbally. \

Interestingly, negative strokes are considered preferable to no strokes at all—that is, to being ignored.

Berne felt that people in the life position “I’m not OK, You’re OK” or “I’m not OK, You’re not OK” were people with low self esteem.

He felt that these people find it hard to interact with people in a straightforward way so they play ‘games’.

Game is an interaction with a hidden motive where one of the participants is gaining something.

HOW DO WE KNOW WE ARE PLAYING A GAME?

Repetitive- It “happens to us” over and over again, often with

different game partners

Predictable - The outcome is predictable, both for game

players and “audience”

Ulterior transactions - We are not saying what is really going on, or what is really important

to us at that moment

Negative payoff - We don’t feel OK at the end of the game

Outside Adult consciousness - Games are played between

Parent and/or Child ego states. The Adult ego state is not

involved.

Switch - At some point in the Game there is a switch in

communication, which brings confusion

CHARACTERS OF GAMES

A Persecutor feels

superior and belittles

other people. His life

position is: I am OK, you are not OK

(+/-).

The Rescuer also looks

upon others as being

inferior, but reacts by offering

help. The life position is: I am OK, you are not OK (+/-)

The Victim looks upon himself as

being inferior. The life position is: I am not OK, you are OK (-/+)

NEED FOR GAMES

TO GET STROKES.

TO STRENGTHEN PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITION.

TO AVOID OR CONTROL INTIMACY

IMPORTANCE OF TA

DEVELOPING POSITIVE THINKING

INTERPERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS

MOTIVATION

ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

REFERENCES www.businessballs.com www.docstoc.com www.slideshares.com www.ta-denhaag.nl Organizational behavior- LM Prasad

Thank you