tropos product and technology overview

Tropos Product and Technology OverviewTropos Product and Technology Overview

© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.

AgendaAgenda• Introduction• Tropos MetroMesh™ Architecture• Tropos Purpose-Built MetroMesh Routers• Tropos MetroMesh OS

– Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol– Virtual Network Infrastructure– Metro-Scale Roaming– Multi-Layered Security

• Tropos Control Element Manager• Deploying a MetroMesh Network• Summary


Tropos MetroMesh™ SystemTropos MetroMesh™ System

MetroMesh OS• Predictive Wireless Routing

Protocol (PWRP™) • Metro-scale coverage and

capacity• Full metro-scale roaming • Multiple virtual networks

Metro-Scale Optimized

Architecture

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming

Virtual Network Infrastructure

WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol

Open-Standard Platform

• Industry’s best outdoor radio performance

• COTS technology: Radio + router + power system

• Purpose-built for long-life outdoors

• Wi-Fi WiMAX

Tropos Control• Only purpose-built metro-scale

Wi-Fi mesh network element manager

• Centralized management of distributed system

• Scales to handle true metro-scale deployments: thousands of nodes

• Enables simplest deployments,lowest TCO and best reliability


Tropos ArchitectureTropos Architecture

Wired IP Network

StandardWi-Fi

Clients

Ethernet to Fiber

RingT-1/E-1

DSL

BackhaulP2MP, e.g.,

Canopy, WiMAX

MetroMeshRouters as

Wired Gateways

MetroMesh Routers


The MetroMesh™ SystemThe MetroMesh™ System

Metro-Scale Mesh Networking Defined™

• Tropos MetroMesh™ OS– Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol

(PWRP™) for superior performance, rapiddeployment and unfettered scalability

– Multiple private and public networks ona single wireless infrastructure

– Secure roaming throughout the metrocoverage area

– Multi-layer security delivered to theedge of the wireless network

• Tropos Control Element Manager– Metro Wi-Fi optimized, SNMP-compliant

network management• Purpose-Built Hardware

– Carrier-grade outdoor, indoor, and mobile MetroMesh™ routers


Tropos MetroMesh™ Routers Tropos MetroMesh™ Routers • Tropos 5210 outdoor MetroMesh router

– High powered coverage for standard 802.11g and 802.11b clients

– Economical delivery of subscriber capacity (reduced node density)

– Totally weather tight and hurricane resistant– Multiple power options, simple to install

• Tropos 3210 indoor MetroMesh router– Extends the mesh indoors

• Tropos 4210 mobileMetroMesh router– In-vehicle mobile mesh node– High-powered mobile client– High-speed roaming


Tropos 5210 MetroMesh™ RouterTropos 5210 MetroMesh™ RouterThe Most Efficient Metro-optimized Radio• The best throughput, with the first metro-scale 802.11g

mesh• The best power output (36 dBm EIRP)• The best receive sensitivity (-100 dBm at 1 Mbps)

Safely Deployable Anywhere • -40ºC to 55ºC operating range• IP67 weathertight• 165 mph wind survivability• Lightning, power surge, EMC protected• Available battery backup for non-stop

operation

Simply Deployable Everywhere• 90-480V AC, 12-48V DC flexible power • Built-in PoE (12,24,48VDC) to power Canopy,

cameras etc.• 14 lbs, 13"x8"x5¼"


Simple, Flexible 5210 MountingSimple, Flexible 5210 Mounting

VerticalPoleMount

Wood Pole Mount

• Designed for simple installation– One nut-driver– Universal mounting bracket– On-board bubble Levels

• All nodes have two Ethernet ports– Uplink so any node can become a

gateway– Downlink for attaching cameras,

or other wired networking devices

LamppostMount


Transmit Power 29 dBm Antenna Gain 7 dBi EIRP 36 dBm Legal Limit 36 dBm

Highest Output Power

Tropos 5210 Radio and AmplifierTropos 5210 Radio and Amplifier802.11b 802.11g

Data Rate Rx Sens Data Rate Rx Sens

1 Mbps -100dBm

2 Mbps -98dBm 6 Mbps -95dBm

5.5 Mbps -96dBm 9 Mbps -94dBm

11 Mbps -94dBm 12 Mbps -93dBm

18 Mbps -91dBm

24 Mbps -88dBm

36 Mbps -83dBm

48 Mbps -78dBm

54 Mbps -77dBm

+Best Receive Sensitivity

• Lowest Node Density– Optimal node-to-node performance

• Most Reliable Mesh – Best-in-class reception for standard clients– Alternate path routing for reliability

• Lowest Node Density– Optimal node-to-node performance

• Most Reliable Mesh – Best-in-class reception for standard clients– Alternate path routing for reliability

=


Tropos 3210 Indoor MetroMesh Router Tropos 3210 Indoor MetroMesh Router • 100mw radio, user selectable antennas• Runs Tropos PWRP routing to extend outdoor

networks indoors• Can be used in stand-alone

networks where backhaulwiring is expensive orimpossible

• Allows seamless roamingbetween indoor andoutdoor networks formobile users and devices


Tropos 4210 Mobile MetroMesh RouterTropos 4210 Mobile MetroMesh Router• Trunk or dash-mounted with external antennas

– Built-in GPS• Same radios, power output and

receive sensitivity as 5210 fixednodes– 36dBm EIRP (~4 W) compared to

typical 100mW standard Wi-Fi card– Each vehicle carries a high-powered

hot zone with it• Tropos-optimized, high speed

roaming• Reduces node density for rural and suburban applications

– 50-75% fewer nodes in an RF-friendly environment• Has the same meshing capability as fixed nodes

– Can extend the metro mesh– Can form a tactical ad-hoc mesh between vehicles


Tropos MetroMesh™ OSTropos MetroMesh™ OS• Predictive Wireless Routing

Protocol– High throughput, self-configuring,

self-healing, scalable networks• Virtual Network Infrastructure

– Multiple user groups sharing the same infrastructure

– QoS-ensured user and application priorities

• Metro-Scale Roaming – Full transparent roaming throughout

the coverage area• Node to node, subnet to subnet

– Maintains TCP sessions and all authentication connections

• Multi-Layer Security– Supports multi-layered, high security

models– Appropriate policies for each user

group

The Core of a High Performance, Reliable, Scalable Wireless Infrastructure

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming




Predictive Wireless Routing ProtocolPredictive Wireless Routing Protocol

• Layer 3 implementation

• Self-organizing• Self-healing• Throughput

optimized• Unlimited scalability

PWRP: The Core of MetroMesh OS

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming




PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self Organizing

Optimal routing paths

Alternate back-up routes

Wired backhaul

The Wi-Fi cells automatically discover one another,





Wired backhaul

The Wi-Fi cells automatically discover one another, intelligently choosing optimal paths back to the wired connection.





Wired backhaul

Newly added Wi-Fi cells participate in auto-discovery,





Wired backhaul

Newly added Wi-Fi cells participate in auto-discovery, recalculating the optimal paths to the wired connection.





Wired backhaul

Capacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed


PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self OrganizingCapacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed



Wired backhaul


PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self Healing



Wired backhaul

If a backhaul link fails…


PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self HealingIf a backhaul link fails the network automatically adapts by re-assigning paths in real-time to maintain connectivity.



Wired backhaul





Wired backhaul

Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail…





Wired backhaul

Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail the network re-configures to route around the obstruction.


PWRP: Smart Routing Creates CapacityPWRP: Smart Routing Creates Capacity• Retransmissions reduce subscriber capacity when

shared airlink is used more than once to transmit same data

• Two causes of retransmissions in a metro-scale mesh– Number of hops – effect limited because subscribers

typically2-3 hops from Internet connection

– Packet errors caused by interference – effect potentially unlimited on error-prone links

• Maximizing subscriber capacity requires minimizing total retransmissions– PWRP dynamically selects best end-to-end data pathsReduces Total Retransmissions and

Creates Subscriber Capacity


PWRP: Smart Routing Creates CapacityPWRP: Smart Routing Creates Capacity

PWRP Creates Subscriber Capacity by Avoiding Retransmissions

• Legacy protocols do not minimize packet errors

• Packet errors consume subscriber capacity

• Packet errors cause more retransmissions than hops

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Transmissions Per Packet

Th

rou

gh

pu

t

Non-throughput optimized protocols

PWRP


PWRP: Unlimited ScalabilityPWRP: Unlimited ScalabilityMetro-Scale Means Big Networks• Hundreds or thousands of

nodes are required to covermetro areas

• Protocol overhead for legacymesh algorithms grows as thenetwork grows– As much as 20 Mbps in a

2,000 node city-wide network– Consumes almost all available

throughput of 802.11gnetwork

PWRP Overhead Remains Flat at <5%of Network Bandwidth


36dBmEIRP

-74dBm

802.11g: 2.4 GHz-10dB-20dB

Metro-Optimized RadioMetro-Optimized Radio

-87dBm RX

Sensitivity(24 Mbps

Data Rate)

-80dB Unobstructed

2.4 GHz Outdoors 802.11g does not suffer from

5 GHz propagation issues Provides typically 20-40dBi

better performance outdoors 802.11g signal gets

through

802.11a: 5.8 GHz

-20dB-40dB

-86dB Unobstructed

-110dBm

5GHz Mesh Typically Requires 3–6x MetroMesh

Node Density


Virtual Network InfrastructureVirtual Network Infrastructure

• A single wireless infrastructure supporting– Up to 16 ESSIDs– VLAN tags by ESSID and IP

address• Advanced industry-standard

security options for eachvirtual network– 802.1x WPA support– AES encryption for all internode

traffic• Quality of Service

– Priority and bandwidth control by user group (IP range) and application (port)

Multiple User Groups Supported on a Single Physical Network

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming




Multiple ESSID and VLAN SupportMultiple ESSID and VLAN SupportCity ISP

Business

SOHO ResidentialESSID:

Home1Open500 KbpsPriority 6

ESSID: SOHO1WEP1.0 MbpsPriority 5

ESSID: Work1802.1xUnlimitedPriority 4

Fire Dept.

ESSID: FD1802.1xPriority 2

ESSID: City1WEP/VPNPriority 3

City Hall

Police Dept.

ESSID: PD1802.1x/VPNPriority 1


Federal

Application PrioritizationApplication Prioritization

Police Dept. State

CountyVideo

Surveillance

CAD28/29

Inquiries

Priority 31Mbps Cap

Priority 1

Priority 2

Application-Level QoS Traffic priority defined by port or

application server IP addressCAD (dispatch) gets highest operational priority

28/29 Inquiries (people and vehicles) also very important

Video Surveillance gets high traffic priority plus bandwidth cap to protect other applications


Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming

• Full transparent roaming throughout the coverage area– Node to node, subnet to

subnet• Maintains session

persistence– Single sign-on– Maintains TCP sessions and

all authentication connections

Operates as a Single, ContiguousWi-Fi Coverage Area

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming





VPNAuthentication

PW: XXXX

User ID: VPN_ID

Authentication Preserved Throughout the Network

Sign-on required only at start of session

Secure connectivity continues during re-association with nodes

ESSID, WEP/802.1x and VPN links maintained across entire network



192.168.1.0/24192.168.2.0/24

192.168.1.110

Cluster ACluster B

Cluster C

Gateway A

Gateway B

Gateway C

IP Tunnel Traffic

TCP Session

• IP address of client (192.168.1.110) is in subnet covering both wired and wireless interfaces of Gateway A and Gateway B

• Gateway A uses proxy-ARP to answer for client’s packets from other devices, such as Default Router

Client Connects in Cluster A

Canopy Backhaul

Internet


Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming192.168.1.110

Canopy Backhaul

Cluster ACluster B

Cluster C

Gateway A

Gateway B

Gateway C

IP Tunnel Traffic

TCP Session192.168.1.0/24192.168.2.0/24

Client Roams to Cluster B• IP address of client remains

constant• Client is registered in

Gateway B’s roaming database and deregistered in Gateway A’s

• Gateway B issues gratuitous ARP to clear ARP caches of other devices

• Gateway B assumes proxy-ARP responsibility for client

• TCP sessions transparently preserved

Internet


Client Roams to Cluster C


Canopy Backhaul

192.168.1.110

Cluster ACluster B

Cluster C

Gateway A

Gateway B

Gateway C

• IP address of client remains constant, even though its subnet changes

• Client is registered in Gateway C’s roaming database

• Looks up home gateway (B) from Gateway List

• Gateway C opens IP tunnel to Gateway B

• Client traffic forwarded through tunnel

• TCP sessions transparently preserved

192.168.1.0/24192.168.2.0/24

IP Tunnel Traffic

TCP Session

Internet


Tropos MetroMesh™ OSTropos MetroMesh™ OS

• Supports multi-layered, high security models

• Appropriate policies for each user group – Reinforces wireline security

infrastructure• Completely customizable

for each environment

Multiple Security Policies for Multiple

User Groups

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming




To Client:64/128 bit WEP

TKIP

Multi-Layer SecurityMulti-Layer Security

802.11b/g Wireless Network

VPN Tunnel

Tropos Control and ManagementWired Network

Control and Management: 128 bit AESClient

VPN/ Radius Servers

MACAddres

s Filterin

g

VPNTrafficFiltering

WirelessNode

WiredGateway

Client OptionsEncryption:

64/128 bit WEPWPA TKIP

Authentication:WPA 802.1x with RADIUSWPA PSK

Internode Data:

64/128 bit WEP128 bit AES

VPN: IPSEC3DES/SHA1


Tropos MetroMesh™ OSTropos MetroMesh™ OS

• Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol– Self-organizing, self-healing,

scalable– Industry best subscriber capacity

• Virtual Network Infrastructure– Leverage of city-wide infrastructure

for the entire city enterprise• Metro-Scale Roaming

– Single sign-on and security preserved throughout the coverage area

• Multi-Layer Security– Highest, industry-standard security

to the edge of the network– Independent options and policies for

each enterprise user groupThe Core of a High Performance, Reliable, Scalable Wireless

Infrastructure

SecurityMulti-layer

Metro Scale Roaming




Tropos Control Element Manager Tropos Control Element Manager • Wireless-optimized network management

– Metrics based on actual measured wireless performance– Over-the-air configuration and provisioning– Supports thousands of MetroMesh routers

• Centralized managementof the entire network – Router configuration– Real-time network

monitoring and control– Sophisticated fault

monitoring and reporting– On-air software upgrades

• SNMP-compliant– Readily integrates into

existing NOC infrastructure


Gateway agents act as proxies for wireless Nodes

Tropos Control ArchitectureTropos Control Architecture

SNMP v2

WirelessMesh

Router Nodes

WiredMesh

RouterGateways

AES EncryptedControl Traffic

Client andServer canreside on same platform

Tropos

Control

Server

Tropos Control

Web GUI

Tropos Control


Deploy, Operate, OptimizeDeploy, Operate, Optimize• System Deployment

– Profile based management– Bulk provisioning– Software loading– Task scheduling

• System Operation– Alarm Manager– Event Browser– Fault correlation

• System Optimization– Performance thresholding– Extensive operational

reporting


Tropos Control Element ManagerTropos Control Element Manager• Provides a window on the entire MetroMesh

network– Centralized real time visibility and access– Extensive operational statistic

collection and reporting • Reduces operational costs

– All functions centrally managed– Allows rapid integration of new

network equipment • Reduces capital costs

– Optimizes use of deployedequipment

• Allows rapid network changes– Rapidly responding to user needs

• Improves operational accuracy– Eliminates human error– Makes complex management processes simple


Building a MetroMesh NetworkBuilding a MetroMesh Network• Wireless link budget calculations• Node density guidelines• Fixed wireless deployments• Using inexpensive,

wireless backhaul


RF Link BudgetsRF Link Budgets

TXOutputPower

TXEIRP

PathLoss

RXAntenna

Gain

ReceivedSignal

Signal toNoise

40 dBm

20 dBm

0 dBm

-20 dBm

-40 dBm

-60 dBm

-80 dBm

-100 dBm Thermal Noise

Excess Noise

AddedFadeMarginSNR

Link Budget = TxEIRP – RxSense + RXAntenna Gain – Fade Margin

Pow

er

Typical Fade Margin = 10-25 dB (depending on topography)


Link Budget ExampleLink Budget Example

Downstream Link Budget= 36dBm – (-85dBm) + 0dBi – FM

= 121dB - FM

Downstream Link Budget= 36dBm – (-85dBm) + 0dBi – FM

= 121dB - FM

802.11g Client• 15dBm EIRP (36mW)• 0dBi Rx Antenna Gain• -85dBm Rx Sens

(@ 1 Mbps)

802.11g Client• 15dBm EIRP (36mW)• 0dBi Rx Antenna Gain• -85dBm Rx Sens

(@ 1 Mbps)

Tropos 5210• 36dBm EIRP (4W)• 7.4dBi Rx Antenna

Gain• -100dBm Rx Sens

(@ 1 Mbps)

Tropos 5210• 36dBm EIRP (4W)• 7.4dBi Rx Antenna

Gain• -100dBm Rx Sens

(@ 1 Mbps)

Upstream Link Budget = 15dBm – (-100dBm) + 7.4dBi – FM

= 122.4dB - FM

Upstream Link Budget = 15dBm – (-100dBm) + 7.4dBi – FM

= 122.4dB - FM5210 Superior Rx Sensitivity

Compensatesfor Low Powered Clients

Link Budget = TxEIRP – RxSense + RXAntenna Gain – Fade Margin


MetroMesh Router Density GuidelinesMetroMesh Router Density Guidelines

Application Type of ClientMetroMesh

Router Density per sq. mile

Street Level Hot Zone for Mobile users (0.5 - 1.0 Mbps)

Outdoor laptop with internal card 30 – 40*

Fixed Wireless to the Home (0.5 – 3.0 Mbps)

200mW indoor CPE bridge 20 – 28*

Street Level in-Vehicle Access for Public Safety(0.5 – 1.0 Mbps)

Standard 802.11g Wi-Fi card (200mW) with external antennas

12 – 15*

In-vehicle Tropos 4210 with external antennas 4 – 8*

Node Densities for Standard Tropos 5210 (36dBm EIRP)

* Actual node density requirements will depend on site topography (buildings, hills, foliage, etc.)


MetroMesh™ Residential BroadbandMetroMesh™ Residential Broadband

User-Installable, Indoors Subscriber places CPE

(“wireless modem”) inwindow and connects tocomputer

In-home wireless from customer-connected access point, if required

Mobile access is available outdoors, and city-wide


Low Cost, Totally Wireless DeploymentLow Cost, Totally Wireless Deployment

Point of Presence

Tropos 5210 withSubscriber Unit

Line-of-Sight Wireless Backhaul 5GHz (WiMAX) P2P or P2MP

systems provide a high bandwidth, cost effective alternative to wired backhaul

Units can often be powered from Tropos 5210 gateways via PoE

Gateway sites selected with clear LOS to PoP

Wired IP Network


Tropos Technology SummaryTropos Technology Summary

• Tropos MetroMesh OS– High subscriber capacity– Self-configuring, self-healing– Multi-use network infrastructure– Multi-layer security– Metro-scale roaming

• Tropos Control EM– Wi-Fi optimized, SNMP-compliant

network management• Purpose-Built Platforms

– Carrier-grade indoor, outdoor and mobile MetroMesh routers

Metro-Scale Mesh Networking Defined™

Tropos Networks, Inc.Tropos Networks, Inc.

555 Del Rey AvenueSunnyvale, CA 94085

408.331.6800

http://www.tropos.com

http://www.tropos.com/

tropos product and technology overview

Documents

tropos networks

metromesh networksummary

metromesh routerthe

capacityfull metroscale

true metroscale deployments

mobile metromesh routers

power canopy

power surge