Download - Tropos Product and Technology Overview
Tropos Product and Technology OverviewTropos Product and Technology Overview
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 2
AgendaAgenda• Introduction• Tropos MetroMesh™ Architecture• Tropos Purpose-Built MetroMesh Routers• Tropos MetroMesh OS
– Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol– Virtual Network Infrastructure– Metro-Scale Roaming– Multi-Layered Security
• Tropos Control Element Manager• Deploying a MetroMesh Network• Summary
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 3
Tropos MetroMesh™ SystemTropos MetroMesh™ System
MetroMesh OS• Predictive Wireless Routing
Protocol (PWRP™) • Metro-scale coverage and
capacity• Full metro-scale roaming • Multiple virtual networks
Metro-Scale Optimized
Architecture
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
Open-Standard Platform
• Industry’s best outdoor radio performance
• COTS technology: Radio + router + power system
• Purpose-built for long-life outdoors
• Wi-Fi WiMAX
Tropos Control• Only purpose-built metro-scale
Wi-Fi mesh network element manager
• Centralized management of distributed system
• Scales to handle true metro-scale deployments: thousands of nodes
• Enables simplest deployments,lowest TCO and best reliability
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 4
Tropos ArchitectureTropos Architecture
Wired IP Network
StandardWi-Fi
Clients
Ethernet to Fiber
RingT-1/E-1
DSL
BackhaulP2MP, e.g.,
Canopy, WiMAX
MetroMeshRouters as
Wired Gateways
MetroMesh Routers
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 5
The MetroMesh™ SystemThe MetroMesh™ System
Metro-Scale Mesh Networking Defined™
• Tropos MetroMesh™ OS– Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
(PWRP™) for superior performance, rapiddeployment and unfettered scalability
– Multiple private and public networks ona single wireless infrastructure
– Secure roaming throughout the metrocoverage area
– Multi-layer security delivered to theedge of the wireless network
• Tropos Control Element Manager– Metro Wi-Fi optimized, SNMP-compliant
network management• Purpose-Built Hardware
– Carrier-grade outdoor, indoor, and mobile MetroMesh™ routers
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 6
Tropos MetroMesh™ Routers Tropos MetroMesh™ Routers • Tropos 5210 outdoor MetroMesh router
– High powered coverage for standard 802.11g and 802.11b clients
– Economical delivery of subscriber capacity (reduced node density)
– Totally weather tight and hurricane resistant– Multiple power options, simple to install
• Tropos 3210 indoor MetroMesh router– Extends the mesh indoors
• Tropos 4210 mobileMetroMesh router– In-vehicle mobile mesh node– High-powered mobile client– High-speed roaming
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 7
Tropos 5210 MetroMesh™ RouterTropos 5210 MetroMesh™ RouterThe Most Efficient Metro-optimized Radio• The best throughput, with the first metro-scale 802.11g
mesh• The best power output (36 dBm EIRP)• The best receive sensitivity (-100 dBm at 1 Mbps)
Safely Deployable Anywhere • -40ºC to 55ºC operating range• IP67 weathertight• 165 mph wind survivability• Lightning, power surge, EMC protected• Available battery backup for non-stop
operation
Simply Deployable Everywhere• 90-480V AC, 12-48V DC flexible power • Built-in PoE (12,24,48VDC) to power Canopy,
cameras etc.• 14 lbs, 13"x8"x5¼"
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 8
Simple, Flexible 5210 MountingSimple, Flexible 5210 Mounting
VerticalPoleMount
Wood Pole Mount
• Designed for simple installation– One nut-driver– Universal mounting bracket– On-board bubble Levels
• All nodes have two Ethernet ports– Uplink so any node can become a
gateway– Downlink for attaching cameras,
or other wired networking devices
LamppostMount
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 9
Transmit Power 29 dBm Antenna Gain 7 dBi EIRP 36 dBm Legal Limit 36 dBm
Highest Output Power
Tropos 5210 Radio and AmplifierTropos 5210 Radio and Amplifier802.11b 802.11g
Data Rate Rx Sens Data Rate Rx Sens
1 Mbps -100dBm
2 Mbps -98dBm 6 Mbps -95dBm
5.5 Mbps -96dBm 9 Mbps -94dBm
11 Mbps -94dBm 12 Mbps -93dBm
18 Mbps -91dBm
24 Mbps -88dBm
36 Mbps -83dBm
48 Mbps -78dBm
54 Mbps -77dBm
+Best Receive Sensitivity
• Lowest Node Density– Optimal node-to-node performance
• Most Reliable Mesh – Best-in-class reception for standard clients– Alternate path routing for reliability
• Lowest Node Density– Optimal node-to-node performance
• Most Reliable Mesh – Best-in-class reception for standard clients– Alternate path routing for reliability
=
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 10
Tropos 3210 Indoor MetroMesh Router Tropos 3210 Indoor MetroMesh Router • 100mw radio, user selectable antennas• Runs Tropos PWRP routing to extend outdoor
networks indoors• Can be used in stand-alone
networks where backhaulwiring is expensive orimpossible
• Allows seamless roamingbetween indoor andoutdoor networks formobile users and devices
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 11
Tropos 4210 Mobile MetroMesh RouterTropos 4210 Mobile MetroMesh Router• Trunk or dash-mounted with external antennas
– Built-in GPS• Same radios, power output and
receive sensitivity as 5210 fixednodes– 36dBm EIRP (~4 W) compared to
typical 100mW standard Wi-Fi card– Each vehicle carries a high-powered
hot zone with it• Tropos-optimized, high speed
roaming• Reduces node density for rural and suburban applications
– 50-75% fewer nodes in an RF-friendly environment• Has the same meshing capability as fixed nodes
– Can extend the metro mesh– Can form a tactical ad-hoc mesh between vehicles
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 12
Tropos MetroMesh™ OSTropos MetroMesh™ OS• Predictive Wireless Routing
Protocol– High throughput, self-configuring,
self-healing, scalable networks• Virtual Network Infrastructure
– Multiple user groups sharing the same infrastructure
– QoS-ensured user and application priorities
• Metro-Scale Roaming – Full transparent roaming throughout
the coverage area• Node to node, subnet to subnet
– Maintains TCP sessions and all authentication connections
• Multi-Layer Security– Supports multi-layered, high security
models– Appropriate policies for each user
group
The Core of a High Performance, Reliable, Scalable Wireless Infrastructure
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 13
Predictive Wireless Routing ProtocolPredictive Wireless Routing Protocol
• Layer 3 implementation
• Self-organizing• Self-healing• Throughput
optimized• Unlimited scalability
PWRP: The Core of MetroMesh OS
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 14
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self Organizing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
The Wi-Fi cells automatically discover one another,
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 15
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self Organizing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
The Wi-Fi cells automatically discover one another, intelligently choosing optimal paths back to the wired connection.
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 16
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self Organizing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
Newly added Wi-Fi cells participate in auto-discovery,
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 17
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self Organizing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
Newly added Wi-Fi cells participate in auto-discovery, recalculating the optimal paths to the wired connection.
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 18
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self Organizing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
Capacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 19
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self OrganizingCapacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 20
PWRP: Self OrganizingPWRP: Self OrganizingCapacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 21
PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self Healing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
If a backhaul link fails…
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 22
PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self Healing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
If a backhaul link fails…
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 23
PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self HealingIf a backhaul link fails the network automatically adapts by re-assigning paths in real-time to maintain connectivity.
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 24
PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self Healing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail…
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 25
PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self Healing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail…
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 26
PWRP: Self HealingPWRP: Self Healing
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
Wired backhaul
Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail the network re-configures to route around the obstruction.
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 27
PWRP: Smart Routing Creates CapacityPWRP: Smart Routing Creates Capacity• Retransmissions reduce subscriber capacity when
shared airlink is used more than once to transmit same data
• Two causes of retransmissions in a metro-scale mesh– Number of hops – effect limited because subscribers
typically2-3 hops from Internet connection
– Packet errors caused by interference – effect potentially unlimited on error-prone links
• Maximizing subscriber capacity requires minimizing total retransmissions– PWRP dynamically selects best end-to-end data pathsReduces Total Retransmissions and
Creates Subscriber Capacity
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 28
PWRP: Smart Routing Creates CapacityPWRP: Smart Routing Creates Capacity
PWRP Creates Subscriber Capacity by Avoiding Retransmissions
• Legacy protocols do not minimize packet errors
• Packet errors consume subscriber capacity
• Packet errors cause more retransmissions than hops
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Transmissions Per Packet
Th
rou
gh
pu
t
Non-throughput optimized protocols
PWRP
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 29
PWRP: Unlimited ScalabilityPWRP: Unlimited ScalabilityMetro-Scale Means Big Networks• Hundreds or thousands of
nodes are required to covermetro areas
• Protocol overhead for legacymesh algorithms grows as thenetwork grows– As much as 20 Mbps in a
2,000 node city-wide network– Consumes almost all available
throughput of 802.11gnetwork
PWRP Overhead Remains Flat at <5%of Network Bandwidth
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 30
36dBmEIRP
-74dBm
802.11g: 2.4 GHz-10dB-20dB
Metro-Optimized RadioMetro-Optimized Radio
-87dBm RX
Sensitivity(24 Mbps
Data Rate)
-80dB Unobstructed
2.4 GHz Outdoors 802.11g does not suffer from
5 GHz propagation issues Provides typically 20-40dBi
better performance outdoors 802.11g signal gets
through
802.11a: 5.8 GHz
-20dB-40dB
-86dB Unobstructed
-110dBm
5GHz Mesh Typically Requires 3–6x MetroMesh
Node Density
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 31
Virtual Network InfrastructureVirtual Network Infrastructure
• A single wireless infrastructure supporting– Up to 16 ESSIDs– VLAN tags by ESSID and IP
address• Advanced industry-standard
security options for eachvirtual network– 802.1x WPA support– AES encryption for all internode
traffic• Quality of Service
– Priority and bandwidth control by user group (IP range) and application (port)
Multiple User Groups Supported on a Single Physical Network
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 32
Multiple ESSID and VLAN SupportMultiple ESSID and VLAN SupportCity ISP
Business
SOHO ResidentialESSID:
Home1Open500 KbpsPriority 6
ESSID: SOHO1WEP1.0 MbpsPriority 5
ESSID: Work1802.1xUnlimitedPriority 4
Fire Dept.
ESSID: FD1802.1xPriority 2
ESSID: City1WEP/VPNPriority 3
City Hall
Police Dept.
ESSID: PD1802.1x/VPNPriority 1
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 33
Federal
Application PrioritizationApplication Prioritization
Police Dept. State
CountyVideo
Surveillance
CAD28/29
Inquiries
Priority 31Mbps Cap
Priority 1
Priority 2
Application-Level QoS Traffic priority defined by port or
application server IP addressCAD (dispatch) gets highest operational priority
28/29 Inquiries (people and vehicles) also very important
Video Surveillance gets high traffic priority plus bandwidth cap to protect other applications
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 34
Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming
• Full transparent roaming throughout the coverage area– Node to node, subnet to
subnet• Maintains session
persistence– Single sign-on– Maintains TCP sessions and
all authentication connections
Operates as a Single, ContiguousWi-Fi Coverage Area
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 35
Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming
VPNAuthentication
PW: XXXX
User ID: VPN_ID
Authentication Preserved Throughout the Network
Sign-on required only at start of session
Secure connectivity continues during re-association with nodes
ESSID, WEP/802.1x and VPN links maintained across entire network
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 36
Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming
192.168.1.0/24192.168.2.0/24
192.168.1.110
Cluster ACluster B
Cluster C
Gateway A
Gateway B
Gateway C
IP Tunnel Traffic
TCP Session
• IP address of client (192.168.1.110) is in subnet covering both wired and wireless interfaces of Gateway A and Gateway B
• Gateway A uses proxy-ARP to answer for client’s packets from other devices, such as Default Router
Client Connects in Cluster A
Canopy Backhaul
Internet
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 37
Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming192.168.1.110
Canopy Backhaul
Cluster ACluster B
Cluster C
Gateway A
Gateway B
Gateway C
IP Tunnel Traffic
TCP Session192.168.1.0/24192.168.2.0/24
Client Roams to Cluster B• IP address of client remains
constant• Client is registered in
Gateway B’s roaming database and deregistered in Gateway A’s
• Gateway B issues gratuitous ARP to clear ARP caches of other devices
• Gateway B assumes proxy-ARP responsibility for client
• TCP sessions transparently preserved
Internet
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 38
Client Roams to Cluster C
Metro-Scale RoamingMetro-Scale Roaming
Canopy Backhaul
192.168.1.110
Cluster ACluster B
Cluster C
Gateway A
Gateway B
Gateway C
• IP address of client remains constant, even though its subnet changes
• Client is registered in Gateway C’s roaming database
• Looks up home gateway (B) from Gateway List
• Gateway C opens IP tunnel to Gateway B
• Client traffic forwarded through tunnel
• TCP sessions transparently preserved
192.168.1.0/24192.168.2.0/24
IP Tunnel Traffic
TCP Session
Internet
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 39
Tropos MetroMesh™ OSTropos MetroMesh™ OS
• Supports multi-layered, high security models
• Appropriate policies for each user group – Reinforces wireline security
infrastructure• Completely customizable
for each environment
Multiple Security Policies for Multiple
User Groups
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 40
To Client:64/128 bit WEP
TKIP
Multi-Layer SecurityMulti-Layer Security
802.11b/g Wireless Network
VPN Tunnel
Tropos Control and ManagementWired Network
Control and Management: 128 bit AESClient
VPN/ Radius Servers
MACAddres
s Filterin
g
VPNTrafficFiltering
WirelessNode
WiredGateway
Client OptionsEncryption:
64/128 bit WEPWPA TKIP
Authentication:WPA 802.1x with RADIUSWPA PSK
Internode Data:
64/128 bit WEP128 bit AES
VPN: IPSEC3DES/SHA1
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 41
Tropos MetroMesh™ OSTropos MetroMesh™ OS
• Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol– Self-organizing, self-healing,
scalable– Industry best subscriber capacity
• Virtual Network Infrastructure– Leverage of city-wide infrastructure
for the entire city enterprise• Metro-Scale Roaming
– Single sign-on and security preserved throughout the coverage area
• Multi-Layer Security– Highest, industry-standard security
to the edge of the network– Independent options and policies for
each enterprise user groupThe Core of a High Performance, Reliable, Scalable Wireless
Infrastructure
SecurityMulti-layer
Metro Scale Roaming
Virtual Network Infrastructure
WirelessPredictiveRouting Protocol
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 42
Tropos Control Element Manager Tropos Control Element Manager • Wireless-optimized network management
– Metrics based on actual measured wireless performance– Over-the-air configuration and provisioning– Supports thousands of MetroMesh routers
• Centralized managementof the entire network – Router configuration– Real-time network
monitoring and control– Sophisticated fault
monitoring and reporting– On-air software upgrades
• SNMP-compliant– Readily integrates into
existing NOC infrastructure
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 43
Gateway agents act as proxies for wireless Nodes
Tropos Control ArchitectureTropos Control Architecture
SNMP v2
WirelessMesh
Router Nodes
WiredMesh
RouterGateways
AES EncryptedControl Traffic
Client andServer canreside on same platform
Tropos
Control
Server
Tropos Control
Web GUI
Tropos Control
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 44
Deploy, Operate, OptimizeDeploy, Operate, Optimize• System Deployment
– Profile based management– Bulk provisioning– Software loading– Task scheduling
• System Operation– Alarm Manager– Event Browser– Fault correlation
• System Optimization– Performance thresholding– Extensive operational
reporting
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 45
Tropos Control Element ManagerTropos Control Element Manager• Provides a window on the entire MetroMesh
network– Centralized real time visibility and access– Extensive operational statistic
collection and reporting • Reduces operational costs
– All functions centrally managed– Allows rapid integration of new
network equipment • Reduces capital costs
– Optimizes use of deployedequipment
• Allows rapid network changes– Rapidly responding to user needs
• Improves operational accuracy– Eliminates human error– Makes complex management processes simple
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 46
Building a MetroMesh NetworkBuilding a MetroMesh Network• Wireless link budget calculations• Node density guidelines• Fixed wireless deployments• Using inexpensive,
wireless backhaul
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 47
RF Link BudgetsRF Link Budgets
TXOutputPower
TXEIRP
PathLoss
RXAntenna
Gain
ReceivedSignal
Signal toNoise
40 dBm
20 dBm
0 dBm
-20 dBm
-40 dBm
-60 dBm
-80 dBm
-100 dBm Thermal Noise
Excess Noise
AddedFadeMarginSNR
Link Budget = TxEIRP – RxSense + RXAntenna Gain – Fade Margin
Pow
er
Typical Fade Margin = 10-25 dB (depending on topography)
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 48
Link Budget ExampleLink Budget Example
Downstream Link Budget= 36dBm – (-85dBm) + 0dBi – FM
= 121dB - FM
Downstream Link Budget= 36dBm – (-85dBm) + 0dBi – FM
= 121dB - FM
802.11g Client• 15dBm EIRP (36mW)• 0dBi Rx Antenna Gain• -85dBm Rx Sens
(@ 1 Mbps)
802.11g Client• 15dBm EIRP (36mW)• 0dBi Rx Antenna Gain• -85dBm Rx Sens
(@ 1 Mbps)
Tropos 5210• 36dBm EIRP (4W)• 7.4dBi Rx Antenna
Gain• -100dBm Rx Sens
(@ 1 Mbps)
Tropos 5210• 36dBm EIRP (4W)• 7.4dBi Rx Antenna
Gain• -100dBm Rx Sens
(@ 1 Mbps)
Upstream Link Budget = 15dBm – (-100dBm) + 7.4dBi – FM
= 122.4dB - FM
Upstream Link Budget = 15dBm – (-100dBm) + 7.4dBi – FM
= 122.4dB - FM5210 Superior Rx Sensitivity
Compensatesfor Low Powered Clients
Link Budget = TxEIRP – RxSense + RXAntenna Gain – Fade Margin
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 49
MetroMesh Router Density GuidelinesMetroMesh Router Density Guidelines
Application Type of ClientMetroMesh
Router Density per sq. mile
Street Level Hot Zone for Mobile users (0.5 - 1.0 Mbps)
Outdoor laptop with internal card 30 – 40*
Fixed Wireless to the Home (0.5 – 3.0 Mbps)
200mW indoor CPE bridge 20 – 28*
Street Level in-Vehicle Access for Public Safety(0.5 – 1.0 Mbps)
Standard 802.11g Wi-Fi card (200mW) with external antennas
12 – 15*
In-vehicle Tropos 4210 with external antennas 4 – 8*
Node Densities for Standard Tropos 5210 (36dBm EIRP)
* Actual node density requirements will depend on site topography (buildings, hills, foliage, etc.)
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 50
MetroMesh™ Residential BroadbandMetroMesh™ Residential Broadband
User-Installable, Indoors Subscriber places CPE
(“wireless modem”) inwindow and connects tocomputer
In-home wireless from customer-connected access point, if required
Mobile access is available outdoors, and city-wide
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 51
Low Cost, Totally Wireless DeploymentLow Cost, Totally Wireless Deployment
Point of Presence
Tropos 5210 withSubscriber Unit
Line-of-Sight Wireless Backhaul 5GHz (WiMAX) P2P or P2MP
systems provide a high bandwidth, cost effective alternative to wired backhaul
Units can often be powered from Tropos 5210 gateways via PoE
Gateway sites selected with clear LOS to PoP
Wired IP Network
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.Page 52
Tropos Technology SummaryTropos Technology Summary
• Tropos MetroMesh OS– High subscriber capacity– Self-configuring, self-healing– Multi-use network infrastructure– Multi-layer security– Metro-scale roaming
• Tropos Control EM– Wi-Fi optimized, SNMP-compliant
network management• Purpose-Built Platforms
– Carrier-grade indoor, outdoor and mobile MetroMesh routers
Metro-Scale Mesh Networking Defined™
Tropos Networks, Inc.Tropos Networks, Inc.
555 Del Rey AvenueSunnyvale, CA 94085
408.331.6800
http://www.tropos.com