triumphs of a crusade
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Triumphs of a Crusade. Emmet Till. Freedom Riders. A trip of two buses across the south, fighting segregation of public buses – hoping to force the JFK admin. into action. Riders on Bus #1 were beaten at the Ala. state line. Bus #2 continued. Freedom Riders. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Triumphs of a Crusade
Emmet Till
Freedom Riders
• A trip of two buses across the south, fighting segregation of public buses – hoping to force the JFK admin. into action.
• Riders on Bus #1 were beaten at the Ala. state line.– Bus #2 continued.
Freedom Riders• Bus companies refused
to travel further into the South
• Riders beaten in Birmingham
• Bobby Kennedy intervened
• After beatings in Montgomery, JFK gave the riders U.S. Marshals for protection.
• Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities.
Integrating Ole Miss.
• James Meredith: Air Force vet. who was allowed to enroll in the all-white U. of Miss.
• JFK supplied Fed. Marshals to escort Meredith to classes
Heading into Birmingham• Birmingham: “Most
segregated city in the U.S.”• MLK assigned to
desegregate the city– Arrested / posted bail
• May 2: 1000 A.A. children marched– Police Chief Bull Connor
arrested 959
• May 3: Second children march– Met w/police dogs, fire
hoses, beatings– All on t.v.
• City was desegregated
March to Washington• Aug. 28, 1963: 250,000
marched on D.C.– “I Have a Dream”
• July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed– Ended discrimination in
most public accommodations / employment
– Protected voting rights / speed up school desegregation.
Freedom Summer
• Freedom Summer: 1964 project to register A.A. voters in Miss.
• Recruitment of college students
• Racial beatings, burning of homes, business, and churches.
New Political Party• Miss. Freedom
Democratic Party (MFDP): Fannie Lou Hammer would rep. them in the 1964 Dem. Nat. Convention.
• LBJ’s compromise: Give 2 of Miss. 68 Democratic seats to the MFDP and ban discrimination in the ’68 election.– MFDP / SNCC felt
betrayed.
The March from Selma
• 1965: Voting rights campaign in Selma, Ala.– 2000 demonstrators
arrested, one killed
• MLK: 50 mile march from Selma to Montgomery
• March 7, campaign started– Confronted by Selma and
Alabama state police: “Bloody Sunday”
– Beatings shown on t.v.
• 25,000 marched to Mont. on March 21 (protected by the National Guard)– White / Black / Jewish, etc
Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Eliminated:– Literacy tests for
voting– Gave fed. examiners
power to enroll voters
1968 Olympics: Mexico City, 200m Final
• Tommy Smith: 1st Place• John Carlos: 3rd Place• Peter Norman, Australia: 2nd
Place• Smith planned the
demonstration• 1936 Olympics, Berlin
– Jesse Owens• 1972, Munich
– Palestinian terrorists kill 11 Israelis
• 1980, Moscow– U.S. boycotting the games
because of the Soviets invaded Afghanistan
Malcolm X