1. 1. By: BeaJoy Lorraine Arcenio III-9 BSE History The First Crusade
2. 2. R.E.M.A.P Changing the World R Religious Piety E European Expansion M Muslim Advances A Adventure P Papal Authority
3. 3. Cause: Religious Piety Intense Religious Piety Due in part to the Investiture Controversy. People became personally engaged in the dramatic religious controversy The Result: Popular support for the First Crusade Emperor Henry IV at the Feet of Pope Gregory VII
4. 4. Cause: European Expansionism Pope Urban II had encouraged the Iberian Christians to conquer Tarragona, using much the same symbolism and rhetoric that was later used to preach the crusade to the people of Europe.
5. 5. The heart of the Western Europe had been stabilized after the Christianization of Saxon, Viking, and Hungarian peoples by the end of the 10th century.
6. 6. Cause: Muslim Advances Events in Muslim World The Battle of Manzikert, 1071, resulted in the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of the Emperor by the Seljuk Turks 1074 (Muslims).. The Turks disrupted pilgrim traffic.
7. 7. Cause: Adventure A plea for help from the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I in opposing Muslim attacks thus appealed to their sense of adventure.
8. 8. Cause: Papal Politics Roman-Byzantine Rivalry The Great Schism, 1054, The primary cause was a dispute over papal authority.
9. 9. Great Schism 1064 Battle of Hastings 1066 Battle of Manzikert 1071 Christianization of the Vikings, Slavs, and Magyars c. 1000 Capture of Toledo from Muslims 1087 Cluniac Reform c. 1024 Capture of Sicily from Muslims 1099 ConstantinopleRome Expansionism Papal Politics Adventure Religious Piety Pilgrimages Europe 1000-1100 Investiture Controversy 1075+
10. 10. The word crusade comes from the Spanish cruzade which means marked with the cross ETYMOLOGY
11. 11. Crusades They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died
12. 12. Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople
13. 13. Call for a Crusade Pope Urban II called for a Crusade in autumn of 1095
14. 14. used violence for its Just causes (St. Agustine and Pope Urban II)
15. 15. THOU SHALL NOT KILL HEBREW BIBLE REJECTION OF...
16. 16. A A I O
17. 17. S AL V AT I ON
18. 18. Afterlife, including a guarantee of eternal salvation to those who died in struggle.
19. 19. Who Answered the Call? Feudal Lords Knights Peasants
20. 20. OBJECTIVES Drive Turks from Anatolia Obligate the Byzantines Provide occasion for healing Great Schism on Rome's terms Capture Holy Land
21. 21. Peoples Crusade August 15, 1096 Peasants, petty nobles, knights with Peter the Hermit with no permission. Some were illiterate and untrained that they dont have any idea about Jerusalem Alexius Comnenus, Emperor of the East, receives Peter the Hermit at Constantinople, August 1096 by Gillot Saint-Evre
22. 22. Jewish pogroms in Rhineland DECEMBER 1095
23. 23. PRINCES CRUSADE Routes of the leaders of the first crusade
24. 24. November 1096 and April 1097, Hugh of Vermandois arrived first followed by Godfrey, Raymond, and Bohemond.
25. 25. David Nicolle, considers the armies consisted of about 30,000-35,000 crusaders including 5,000 cavalry Raymond had the largest contingent of about 8,500 infantry and 1,200 cavalry.
26. 26. Godfrey was the first one to take the oath and almost the leaders followed.
27. 27. SIEGE OF NICAEA May 16, 1097- June 18, 1097
28. 28. Peter the Hermit and remainder of his little army with Manuel Boultoumites and Tatikios to assist the crusaders. OBJECTIVE: NICAEA city under Byzantine rule but had become the capital of Seljuq under Kilij Arslan I
29. 29. June 18, 1097 Turkish Garrison finally surrendered.
30. 30. BATTLE OF DORYLAEUMEnd of June 1097
31. 31. .
32. 32. SIEGE OF ANTIOCH
33. 33. Antioch halfway to Constantinople and Jerusalem October 20, 1097 the Crusader set an army
34. 34. May 1098 One of the leader convinced the guard of their enemy named Firutzo to open the tower. June when the Byzantine troops enter the City. But the Muslim arrived
35. 35. Stephen of Blois, a crusade leader, warning Alexios I about the situation in Antioch
36. 36. December 1098 Maarrat al-Numan was captured the history of first Cannibalism among the crusaders
37. 37. In Maarrat our troops boiled pagan adults in cooking pots; they impaled children on spits and devoured them grilled Radulph of Caen
38. 38. BATTLE OF DAMASCUS
39. 39. BATTLE AT MARRA DECEMBER 12th 1098
40. 40. Night of 11th of December, the people of Marra begging for peace. But after three days they were killed by the crusaders.
41. 41. BATTLE OF JERUSALEM June 7th-July 15th 1099
42. 42. They finally reached their intended destination in the summer of 1099. Less than 5,000 remained. They killed all the Muslims in Jerusalem in July 17th 1099.
43. 43. The success of the First Crusade would inspire many more Christians to take up arms and fight countries
44. 44. The crusaders created a schism between the worlds of Christianity and Islam that lingers today.
45. 45. REFERENCES INTERNET http://www.slideshare.net/djfussell/crusade s-15517867 http://www.slideshare.net/Mr.J/the- crusades-presentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade www.history.com/.../mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us