Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848

Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848

Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.

U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.

U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?

Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?

1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848

GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848

John A. Sutter John A. Sutter

California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849

California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849

49er’s49er’s

Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s

Two Views of San Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850sFrancisco, Early 1850s

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853

Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire

Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire

Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

Westward Movement

Why did people go west?

Causes of Western Migration

Civil War in the EastGold discoveredLand Economic opportunityAdventure

Westward Movement

How did it affect those already there?

Effects of Western Migration

Traditional Native American culture destroyed.

Mining communities established.Ranches established and cattle

industry booms.Farmers settle the plains.Transcontinental railroad built.

Westward Movement

Who went west?

American Groups Migrated West

African Americans

Left the South to avoid violence from hate groups in the South.

Rumors of free land drew 15,000 African Americans to Kansas. Exodusters

Positives Economic opportunities: cowboys,

domestics, farm workers, innkeepers, cooks, laundresses, school teachers, general store operators, church and Sunday school teachers, nurses, mail order brides, prospectors, cattlemen, railroad workers, land owners, farmers, Buffalo Soldiers.

Chance to settle in all black communities free from white prejudice.

NegativesRacismLower pay than whites

Ranchers/Cowboys Population growth in the East drove

up demand for beef. Huge herds of cattle were “driven”

along cattle trails to the “cow towns” (railroad towns) where they would be shipped to meat-packing centers such as Chicago.

Barbed wire was invented to control movement of herds

Sheep ranches prospered as the demand for wool increased

Cattle drives ended when The railroads came into the western towns. Farmers and ranchers began to fence

property. Blizzards of 1886 and 1887 killed

thousands of cattle, forcing many ranchers into bankruptcy,