Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG) Global Forum on the Environment and Climate Change – September 13 and 14, 2016 Breakout Group 4: Transparency of mitigation – lessons learned from experience with reporting and technical review/analysis (Room CC 12)

TRANSPARENCY OF MITIGATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM COSTA RICA

Pascal Girot Ministry of Environment and Energy COSTA RICA

Contents

◎Costa Rica’s Policy Framework and current reporting system

◎Metrics and Reporting on Emissions Targets

◎Key lessons learned

1. Costa Rica’s Cl imate Pol icy Framework Current report ing system and future options

Milestones in Costa Rica’s Sustainable Development Pathway

Costa Rica starts to build a National Sustainable Development Agenda, based on Biodiversity Conservation, Forestry and Renewable Energy

KEY INSTITUTIONS CREATED National Forestry Finance Fund created (FONAFIFO) Eco-tourism Consolidation of National Protected Areas System (SINAC) Service oriented economy Environmental impact assessments (SETENA) (1998)

Carbon Neutrality Goal established(2007) C-Neutral Brand launched 53% forest cover 99% Electricity coverage 92% Electricity generation from renewables

INDC Intended Nationally

Determined Contribution (2015) Priority sectors for

Mitigation: Transport Agriculture and Livestock Energy Waste

1990 2000 2010 2015

Environmental Service Payments launched (1997)

1997

National Climate Change Strategy launched (2009) Action Plan for the National Climate Change Strategy (2011)

Third National Communication presented to the UNFCCC (2014)

2007

BUR 2015 Strategy for Ecosystem based Adaptation by the National Protected Area System –SINAC (2015)

Long Standing Policy on Renewable Electricity production –today 97% of electricity comes from renwables(1946-2016)

HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE?

National Climate Change Strategy National Development Plan 2014-2018 (Climate Change fully

integrated, mentioned 53 times) Country Programme on Carbon Neutrality C-Neutral Brand NAMAs (Coffee, Livestock, Urban Transport) National Adaptation Plan- Road Map INDCs Process

CLIMATE ACTION Costa Rica centers its approach around the concept of climate action which seeks to: Increase the resilience of

Costa Rican society Strengthen the capacities for

low-emissions developmenty Costa Rica is building its Climate Action:

By mitigating its GHG emissions,

By adapting to the inevitable impacts of climate change

Costa Rica’s INDC Mitigation Goals

Climate Action in Cos ta Rica

MRV: SINAMECC Diseño y Puesta en Operación

Emissions Reduction and Removals

Programme

National Adaptation Programme

Country Programme for Carbon Trading and Domestic Carbon Market

Transformational Approach to Mitigation National: National Energy Plan 2015-2030 National REDD Strategy Sector-Wide: Coffee NAMA Livestock NAMA Urban Mobility NAMA Biomass NAMA….etc

National Adaptation Plan with Territorial Focus: Regional Adaptation pilot in Huetar Norte Sector-wide focus: •Agriculture-Forestry, Water Resources, Infraestructure, Biodiversity Local approaches: Adaptation Fund

Strengthening/Relaunching of Country Programme •Work with SMEs •Revamping of Domestic Carbon Market focused on reverse auctionning and carbon pricing

Climate finance: Design of the Country Strategy for GCF, Reporting System and Inventory of projects

International Agenda: AILAC, Negotionations under the CMA

Climate Governance

REPORTING AND MONITORING: SINAMECC

KEY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

• Fully developing the National Transparency and Registry System: SINAMECC • Implementation of NAMAs (i.e NAMA in livestock, coffee, transport) • Coordination of Support for INDC (proposals, workshops, technical assistance,

financial) ( PMR-WB,GIZ, UNDP,WB-FCPF) • Synergies between INDC and NAP processes • Developing common accounting and guidance (Regional Programme Support for

Common Accounting Rules-GIZ-). • South-South Cooperation (Goals for admissions into OECD) • Research and Development- for improving on metrics • Financial Architecture (fiscal ressources, loans, grants)

2. Metrics and Report ing on Emissions Targets

Mitigation Adaptation Finance Co-benefits

SINAMECC a mult i -purpose system

NDC

GHG Inventory

BUR

Adaptaton Fund

Projects

NAMAs Institutional

Environmental Management Programmes

C-Neutrality

Country Programme-

Carbon Market

NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE METRICS- SINAMECC

Sources of Information

Country Programme and Domest ic Carbon Market:

Carbon Footprint Measurement

Emissions Report ing

Emission reductions measures

Emissions Removal Plans Carbon Neutral i ty Cert i f ication Process

OVV´s and Carbon Accountants

OVV´s

Emissions Reductions Plans

Domestic Carbon market

Public-Private Partnerships

Eco-Labelling of Products

CHALLENGES IN THE AFOLU Sector

NATIONAL GHG INVENTORY AFOLU SECTOR

(emissions emissions reductions and removals )

Agregate Indicators

Activity Specific Indicadors and

Emissions Factors NAMA

Agregate Indicators

Activity Specific Indicadors and

Emissions Factors NAMA

Agregate Indicators vs.

Reference Scenarios

Reference Scenarios and

Removal Factors by

Forest Type

Agregate Indicators on Co-Benefits

Other sectors

Sinergies with Adaptation goals

Biodiversity, Health Co-Benefits

KEY CHALLENGES -Limited timeframe: Two Years - Evolution from TIER 1 towards TIER 2

Energy AFOLU

-Evolving baseline and limited availability of data and data analysis -Limited number of GCM used - Transparency to report on progress and bolster action -Accountability to inform on compliance (particularly for ITMOs)

Source: Costa Rica´s BUR, 2015

3. KEY LESSONS LEARNED

Source: Costa Rica´s INDC, 2015

Lessons learned/best practices Long standing tradition of systematic observation of climate/Downscaling models available Ambitious INDC presented Opportunity to synchronize and improve coherence between reporting mechanisms (NDCs, NC, BUR) Peer Review, ICA reviewed BUR Increasing demand for open data Opportunities for improved communication of climate scenarios and GHG Inventories

KEY LESSONS LEARNED

• Ambition does not happen overnight….need to build on existing strengths- Climate change policy is cross-cutting, and requires embedding policy goals into inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial decision making processes and structures

• Broad stakeholder engagement is essential to communicate goals and build consensus, and negotiate burden sharing

• Tracking of efforts and results requires substantial investments in Coordination and Metrics-

• Open Data Policy may help cut costs in the long term, International exchanges on Open Data and its relation to Transparency will be useful

• International Guidance on Transparency and Accountability will be critical

Thank you! Any quest ions? pascalgirot@gmail.com pgirot@minae.go.cr www.cambioclimaticocr.com