translations - city centre...these translations attempt to reproduce the greek and hebrew as exactly...

TranslationsOF THE BIBLE

FORMAL EQUIVALENT(also known as “Literal Translation”)

These translations attempt to reproduce theGreek and Hebrew as exactly as possible intoEnglish. The original languages will be translatedin a more word-for-word manner and preserve - asmuch is possible - original word order, grammar,and syntax.

Translation Style: Word for Word

FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT(also known as “Paraphrase”)

These are not true translations, but rewordings ofthe Scriptures that speak in a very earthy, commontongue. This approach is more concerned withputting the meaning of the passage in a colloquiallanguage familiar to the reader, as well as to renderthe ideas of the original text as accurately aspossible in the target language.

Translation Style: Thought for Thought

NLT(New Living Translation)

Isaiah 41:10

Don’t be afraid, for I am with you. Don’t be discouraged, for I am

your God. I will strengthen you and help you. I will hold

you up with my victorious right hand.


Isaiah 41:10





righteousness

(also known as “Mediating Translation”)

These Bibles are translated on a more thought-for-thought (meaning-for-meaning) philosophy than theFormal Equivalent translations, but do so in a muchmore sparing manner compared to Paraphrases.Greek and Hebrew figures of speech are replacedwith modern rough equivalents. The aim is to strike abalance between the two translation approaches.

DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT

Translation Style: Incorporates Both

NIV(New International Version)

Isaiah 41:10

So do not fear, for I am with you; do not

be dismayed, for I am your God. I will

strengthen you and help you; I will uphold you with my righteous

right hand.


Isaiah 41:10





righteousness

NLT(New LivingTranslation)

Romans 3:25

For God presented Jesus as the sacrifice for sin. People are made right

with God when they believe that Jesus sacrificed his life,

shedding his blood. This sacrifice shows that God was being fair when he held back and did not

punish those who sinned in times past,

NASB(New American Standard Bible)

NIV(New International

Version)

God presented Christ as a sacrifice of

atonement, through the shedding of his blood -to be received by faith.

He did this to demonstrate his

righteousness, because in his forbearance he

had left the sins committed beforehand

unpunished -

whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation

in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His

righteousness, because in the forbearance of

God He passed over the sins previously

committed;


1 Corinthian 3:1

Dear brothers and sisters, when I was with you I couldn’t talk to you

as I would to spiritual people. I had to talk as though you belonged to this world or as though you were infants in the

Christian life.



Version)

Brothers and sisters, I could not address you as people who live by

the Spirit but as people who are still worldly-

mere infants in Christ.

And I, brethren, could not speak to you as to spiritual men, but as to

men of flesh, as to infants in Christ.


3 John 1:11

Dear friend, don't let this bad example influence

you. Follow only what is good. Remember that

those who do good prove that they are God's

children, and those who do evil prove that they do

not know God.



Version)

Dear friend, do not imitate what is evil but what is

good. Anyone who does what is good is from God. Anyone who does what is

evil has not seen God.

Beloved, do not imitate what is evil,

but what is good. The one who does good is of God; the one who

does evil has not seen God.

Formal Equivalent Dynamic Equivalent Functional Equivalent

A Bible that typically showsthe Hebrew or Greek text ofthe Old or New Testament(respectively) with a literalEnglish translation (word-for-word) between the linesof the original-languagetext. It will often include aseparate column with acohesive English translationof the text.

INTERLINEAR TRANSLATIONS

A Bible that consists ofdifferent Bible translationsplaced side-by-side in onevolume. Each page containsa complete Scripture portionfrom each of the versions sothat the reader may easilycompare the differences andsimilarities between theversions.

PARALLEL BIBLES

These are translations done independently by asmaller religious sect. Usually they will"translate" Scripture by twisting it to fit theirtheologies, rather than conforming theirtheologies to the Scriptures. These groups oftenhave a person or organization which ispractically considered equal in authority withthe Bible.

Aberrational Translations

ToolsOF THE TRADE

Concordances

An alphabetical list of the words (especially the important ones)

present in the Scriptures, with citations of the

passages concerned (either partially or

exhaustively).

Example: Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance

Lexicons

Example: New Testament Greek Lexicon

Bible lexicons provide definitions and meanings (including expressions) of words found in the original New Testament Greek and

Old Testament Hebrew languages. Lexicons also help in understanding the

origins and root meaning of the ancient language.

Topical Concordances

Example: Naves Topical Bible Concordance

A topical concordance is a list of subjects that the Bible covers, with the immediate context of the coverage of

those subjects. Unlike a traditional concordance, the indexed word does not have

to appear in the verse.

Cross References

Example: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

A tool for interpreting Scripture with Scripture. Each verse of the Bible is

cross-referenced to several others to enable the reader to gain a true sense of each

word and phrase as it is used in the Bible as a whole.

Commentaries

A systematic series of explanations or

interpretations of Scripture in a pericope-by-pericope or verse-by-

verse basis (split up either into sections of scripture or individual

scriptures).

Example: Barnes’ Notes On The Whole Bible

Bible Dictionaries

A reference work containing

encyclopedic entries related to

the Bible, typically concerning people,

places, customs, doctrine and

Biblical criticism.

Example: Easton’s Bible Dictionary

Bible Encyclopedias

Example: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

A reference work containing encyclopedic

entries related to the Bible, typically concerning

people, places, customs, doctrine and Biblical

criticism. Encyclopedia entries are longer and

more detailed than those in most dictionaries.

Bible AtlasesAnd Charts

Example: Tyndale Handbook of Bible Charts and Maps

A book of Biblical geography and

history containing maps, plans, charts,

colored diagrams and illustrations.

TheologicalDictionaries

A reference work containing encyclopedic entries concerning the

theological treatment of various subjects and

doctrines.

Example: Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology

Bible Handbooks

Example: The New Unger's Bible Handbook

A book that contains a commentary on the entire

Bible with current information on biblical history, geography,

and archaeology. Typically has full-color illustrations,

photographs, maps, diagrams, and charts.

Bible StudyMETHODS

Hermeneutics[from the Greek ἑρμηνεύω (hermeneuō) -

'translate' or 'interpret‘]

Hermeneutics is the field of study concerned with the philosophy and science of interpretation - especially

the interpretation of communication. "Biblical hermeneutics" is specifically concerned with the

philosophy and science of interpreting the Biblical text. For example, a psalm should often be interpreted differently from a prophecy. A proverb should be

understood and applied differently from a law. This is the purpose of biblical hermeneutics - to help us to

know how to interpret, understand, and apply the Bible.

Exegesis[from the Greek ἐξηγέομαι (exégeomai)-

'to lead out‘]

Exegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text. Exegesis includes a wide range of critical disciplines: textual criticism is

the investigation into the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical

and cultural backgrounds for the author, the text, and the original audience. Other analysis includes

classification of the type of literary genres present in the text, and an analysis of grammatical and syntactical

features in the text itself.

Inductive Bible Study

As opposed to Deductive Bible Study (starting with an idea and prove it or not),

Inductive Bible Study begins with observations and gathering evidence on

whatever topic and then draw conclusions based on the observations (ie: start with open observations and allow the text to

manifest the conclusion).

Inductive Bible Study Method

Step 1: OBSERVATION(Who/What/When/Where/Why)

Step 2: INTERPRETATION

Step 3: APPLICATION

“What is being said?”

“What does it mean?”

“What does it mean to me?”

Word Study Uncovering what a specific word means and

where it is used in various passages and books.

Passage StudyStudying the meaning of a particular verse or

passage (pericope).

Book Study Looking for the understanding of a book as a

whole (as well as its parts).

Topical Study Seeking to understand a certain topic citing all relevant scriptures from the Bible as a whole.

Biographical StudyFinding out everything a passage, book, and

entire Bible tells us about a person.

Historical Study Seeking to understand how a passage fits into the

history, the culture, customs and practices of the time.

translations - city centre...these translations attempt to reproduce the greek and hebrew as exactly...

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