transformer part 1
DESCRIPTION
power transformerTRANSCRIPT
What We Are Trying To Avoid
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2 8 14 20 26 32 38 44 50 56 62 68 74
Age
Haz
ard
Fu
nct
ion
Aging Forecast
Forced Outage (Unplanned Maintenance/Repair Times)
Time-to-Repair Distributions for Minor, Major and Catastrophic Events
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
1 10 100 1,000
Time to Repair, Hours
Pro
ba
bil
ity MINOR
(5 hr/ event)MAJOR
(55 hr / event)
Catastrophic(230 hr/event)
Transformer Failure Modes
8Thermally induced8Electrically Induced8Mechanically Induced
Transformer Failure ModesThermally Induced Overloading Failure of cooling system Blockage of axial spaces Over-excitation (over-voltage or
under-frequency)
Transformer Failure Modes
ElectricallyInduced
• Over Voltage• Surges• Partial Discharge• Static Electrification
Transformer Failure ModesMechanically Induced
Conductor Tipping
Conductor Telescoping
Hoop Buckling
Mechanical Failure
Cause of Failures
20 years of claims
Insulation issues 18%
Electrical Disturbances
29%
Maintenance issues13%
Lightning16%
Loose Connection
13%
Moisture7%
Overload2%
Other2%
What Keeps Your Transformers Humming?
Transformer Insulating System OilPaper
The life of the insulation is the life of the transformer. Insulation is the weakest link in the transformer. Insulation system is the most important part of the transformer to
maintain.
Requires early and prompt attention.
Stages of Oil OxidationActs as a CoolantProvides Dielectric
StrengthProtects the PaperUsed as Diagnostic
Tool
OIL
PAPER!PROVIDES…Mechanical StrengthDielectric StrengthDielectric Spacing
What causes cellulose molecules to depolymerize?HeatOxygenWaterOil oxidation by-products
Thanks for your attention !
Any Question ?
15
10. Major Manufacturing Process
1) Winding Works
16
10. Major Manufacturing Process
2) Core lamination
17
10. Major Manufacturing Process
3) View of Core Structure (After Completion of Core
Lamination)
18
10. Major Manufacturing Process
4) Coil Insertion Works
19
10. Major Manufacturing Process
5) View of Core and Coil Assembly Works
20
10. Major Manufacturing Process
6) Drying Works in Vacuum Vaporization Facility
21
10. Major Manufacturing Process
7) Completion of Core & Coil Assembly
22
10. Major Manufacturing Process
8) Factory Test
Core Form vs Shell Form TransformersCore FormRound Coils( Cylinder)Coils Wrapped on a tube
thenloaded on core
Core stacked in legs and then windings are placed over them
Vertical Core LegsWindings Concentric
around each otherMajority of Transformers
in the world
Shell FormFlat Coils in rectangular
shapeCoils stacked into groupsInterleaved windingsCore stacked around the
coilsCore is HorizontalStronger under short
circuitGenerally more expensiveMajor advantages in
GSU’sABB (Cordoba), IEM
(Mexico), Schneider (France),
Mitsubishi(Japan), Hyosung (Korea),GE (UNITED STATES!)
Basic Construction
CORE FORM
SHELL FORM
Core Form Construction
Shell Form Construction
