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The goal of the cooling tower and chiller subsystem is to reject the heat from the chillers at the highest system efficiency possible. The old assumption that the workload of the largest motors should be minimized misses an important reality. The reality is that not all mechanical devices have the same energy efficiency nor do they react the same to changing conditions. The operating conditions that affect the system efficiency most include tower selection, chiller type and efficiency, chiller load, and ambient wet bulb temperature. In the past, various strategies have been suggested to meet the goal of best system efficiency. Some of these include:

• Operate the cooling tower at the original design leaving-water temperature (such as 32°C). Chiller service technicians typically promote this strategy in an attempt to avoid chiller operation problems.

• Operate the cooling tower at the lowest leaving-water temperature possible, (for example, always run the fans at full speed.) Supporters believe that reduced chiller energy use will minimize the energy used by the entire system.

• Operate the cooling tower at a leaving-water temperature equal to the present outside air temperature wet-bulb plus the tower’s design approach temperature. Some of the major controls companies have promoted this as an optimum control strategy.

• Operate the cooling tower at a leaving-water temperature that maintains a fixed pressure differential between the chiller evaporator and condenser. The chiller's energy use or the tower's energy use is minimized based on the selected pressure. The system's energy use is generally not affected.

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Why Optimize Chiller with Cooling Tower System?為何以水塔系統來優化製冷機組?

Under a few operating conditions, each of these strategies will control the tower at the optimum setpoint for best system efficiency. For the majority of operating conditions, these strategies will be far from optimal.

Consider System Design Optimization before Chiller-Tower OptimizationFrequently when optimizing system design, attention initially focuses on the leaving-water temperature produced by the cooling tower. In reality, this aspect should be the final consideration because it often has the least impact on optimal and reliable system operation. To create an energy-efficient cooling tower system, follow these priorities listed in decreasing impact on energy usage:

• System design – Component selection and application• Sequence of operation – What to run when?• Setpoint determination – How hard do I run it?

System DesignThere are numerous variables that come into play in the design of condenser water systems. The following list contains examples of often-overlooked opportunities for system energy improvements:

• Use a cooling tower range (∆Ts) larger than the old rule of thumb, 5°C, which often results in a lower system first cost, lower system full and part load energy use and therefore lower life cycle cost. Many designers find that selecting tower and chiller ∆Ts in the 6.7° to 8.3°C range results in the optimum life cycle cost. Towers close to the chillers use 6.7 degrees ∆T, while towers farther away use greater ∆Ts.

• Choose cooling tower configurations that run multiple fans at low speeds rather than a single fan at high speed, which can result in significant operating energy savings.

• Always apply two-speed or variable frequency drive (VFD) drive technology to cooling tower fans. The energy savings justify it in almost every case. It also dramatically improves controllability and improves reliability maintenance.

Sequence of OperationEnergy-efficient control begins with a well-thought out and detailed system sequence of operation. The development of the system sequence should never be left up to the discretion of the controls contractor’s installation

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technician. Some control sequence strategies that can be applied to optimize cooling tower system efficiency include:

• Sequence fans on at low speed on active cells as required to control the desired leaving-water temperature before switching any fan to high speed, when operating multiple-tower cells on towers equipped with two-speed fan motors.

• Sequence fans on at low speed and ramp to approximately 50 percent to 60 percent before sequencing on an additional fan, when operating multiple-tower cells. Modulate all operating fans in parallel — at the same speed — to maintain the desired cooling tower leaving-water temperature.

• Enable multiple-tower cells and run more fans at lower speeds to save fan energy. Note that many cooling towers have a relatively narrow range of water-flow rates that they can effectively operate within, confirm with the tower manufacturer that enabling additional cells will not compromise this range. If it does, ask about the availability of wide-flow range nozzles or hot deck weirs that can be added to extend the tower flow range.

• Sequence off all tower fans before modulating the flow across the tower or chiller condenser for the purpose of maintaining the chiller minimum allowable condenser/ evaporator pressure differential. On rare occasions with single-speed fan operation, condenser water flow modulation through chillers may be required to coincide with fan operation to limit the number of fan start/stop cycles. In these cases, the application of VFD fan control should be considered to provide more stable operation and to minimize fan maintenance. Modulate the cooling-tower or chiller-condenser water flow only when necessary to prevent a chiller from operating below its minimum allowable condenser and evaporator pressure differential. If the water flow through the tower and or chiller is modulated, it may greatly reduce the tower or chiller efficiency.

Setpoint determinationAfter system design and sequence of operation has been analyzed for the best system efficiency, consideration can now be given to the determination of the cooling-tower leaving-water temperature that will allow for the lowest possible subsystem energy use (tower and chiller).

Related article is available as “Take it to the limit – or just halfway? “ ASHRAE Journal, July 1998, Volume 40, N0.7, pp. 32- 39“Tower water temperature – control it how??!” (http://www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol241/v24a.asp) Engineers Newsletter, Volume 24, No.1 The Trane Company, 1995, Schwedler, M P.E. and Bradley, B.

In actuality, there is no single, optimum cooling-tower leaving-water setpoint. It is a dynamic value that varies through time depending upon:

• Chiller type and efficiency• Tower type and efficiency• System load• Ambient wet bulb temperature

The optimum setpoint minimizes both chiller and tower subsystem energy use. Load, ambient conditions and the part load operating characteristic of chiller and cooling tower ultimately determine the optimum tower control temperatures for a given installation. Note, too, that screw chiller energy consumption increases quickly with reduced head pressure (condensing water temperature), so the optimal tower water setpoint control for these compressors may be lower than for centrifugal compressors.

The Trane Company patented a methodology which calculates a near optimal temperature as a function of the chiller work efficiency, cooling tower efficiency and the transfer rate and then operate the cooling tower to provide a conditioned fluid at the near optimal temperature. The calculation routine and control logic are implemented in Trane‘s control software (Tracer Summit) and are program as custom programming language (CPL) for implementing into project quickly.

Trane energy analysis tools analyze Chiller and cooling tower optimization for different weather location, building types and system components in quantitative manner. Trane sales engineer can assist you to analyze chiller and tower optimization upon your request.

This article is written by Mr. Peter Lau, Senior Manager of System Applications, Trane Asia Pacific.

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水塔出水溫度最優化

Condensing Water Temperture

冷卻水供水溫度

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水塔及製冷機組子系統的目的，是在最高系統效率的情況下，排除製冷機的熱量。傳統認為盡量減低最大機組的負荷會解決問題，但忽略了一個重要的現實，因為所有機件並非有相同的能源效益，亦不會在環境轉變下作出相同的反應。能影響系統效率的運作條件包括水塔的選擇、製冷機的種類和效率、製冷機負荷及環境濕球溫度。過去有提出一些策略以達到最佳系統效率，當中包括：• 在原本設計的出水溫度（例如32°C）下操作水塔。一般

製冷機工程人員會建議使用這個方法，以避免製冷機故障。

• 在最低的出水溫度（例如全速運行風扇）下操作水塔。支持這個方法的人士認為，減少製冷機的能源使用會減低整個系統的能源耗量。

• 水塔操作的出水溫度等同當時室外溫度濕球加水塔的設計趨近溫度。一些主要的控制公司均認為這是最佳的辦法。

• 在出水溫度維持一個在製冷機蒸發器及冷凝器之間的固定氣壓差異值下操作水塔。在所選的氣壓下製冷機或水塔的能源用量會減至最少，但整個系統的能源耗量將不受影響。

上述各項方法，在某些運作條件下能將水塔控制於最佳定點，以達到最佳系統效率。但在大多數運作條件下，這些方法並非最好的策略。

優化製冷機/水塔之前應考慮優化系統設計在優化系統設計之時，往往只集中在水塔產生的出水溫度，其實是本末倒置。因為它對最佳及可靠的系統運作影響極少。要設計一個有能源效益的水塔，應考慮下列各項以減少使用能源：• 系統設計 – 組件選擇及應用• 運作次序 – 在什麼時候運作什麼?• 決定定點 – 要多強硬去執行?

系統設計

設計冷凝器系統時要考慮很多參數。以下是有助系統效率而容易被忽視的例子：• 使用高於傳統標準5°C的水塔溫度（∆Ts），因為它能減

低系統的初步成本，減低系統滿負荷及部份負荷時的能源用量，因此降低生命週期成本。很多設計師認為製冷機及水塔的 ∆Ts在 6.7°C與 8.3°C之間會帶來最佳的生命週期成本。水塔較接近製冷機應使用6.7°C ∆T，而水塔越離開製冷機便要使用較高的 ∆Ts。

• 選擇水塔裝置能同時間在低速下運作多部風扇，而不只是高速運作一部風扇；這便會節省大量能源。

• 經常使用雙速或變頻器技術於水塔風扇，所節省的能源幾乎在每個案例都是有目共睹，而且更有助系統的控制性及可靠性。

運作次序

有效的能源效益控制由一個詳細及經過深思熟慮的系統運

作次序計劃開始，而系統運作次序的設計，絕不應草率交予控制承造商的安裝技術員來作決定。一些有助優化水塔效益的運作次序策略包括︰• 當運作備有雙速風扇的多台水塔時，在將任何風扇轉至

高速之前，應先將風扇序列開至低速，對準正在運作的室，以保持理想的出水溫度。

• 當運作多台水塔時，先將風扇序列開至低速，然後調高至大約50-60%，再序列一部額外的風扇。將所有運作中的風扇調至相同速度，以保持理想的水塔出水溫度。

• 使用多台及將更多風扇轉至低速以節省能源。請注意很多水塔的有效流量範圍較狹窄，所以要與水塔製造商查清，使用多台會否有所影響。若有的話，可在水塔內加裝較闊的氣咀或熱水盤分流板，以增加水塔流量。

• 先將所有風扇序列關閉，然後調校水塔或製冷機冷凝器的流量，以保持製冷機蒸發器及冷凝器之間可接受最低氣壓差異值。單速風扇操作在罕見的情況下，冷凝器的流量須由製冷機調控配合風扇運作，以限制風扇開關的循環次數。在這些情形下，應使用由變頻器控制的風扇，以便穩定操作及減少風扇維修。除有必要防止製冷機在低於蒸發器及冷凝器之間可接受最低氣壓差異值下運作，方可調校水塔或製冷機冷凝器的流量。因為調校水塔或製冷機的流量會大大減少水塔或製冷機的效率。

決定定點

當完成系統設計及運作次序對最佳系統效率的研究後，便要考慮決定可帶來最低子系統（水塔及製冷機）能源耗量的水塔出水溫度。現實中並沒有一個單一、最佳的水塔出水溫度定點，它的等值十分多變，視乎於：• 製冷機的種類及效率• 水塔的種類及效率• 系統負荷• 環境濕球溫度

最佳的定點能將製冷機及水塔子系統的能源用量減至最低，而負荷、環境因素及製冷機與水塔的部份負荷特性最終決定系統的最佳水塔控制溫度。值得注意的是，當主要壓力（冷凝器水溫）減少，螺杆式製冷機的能源用量會馬上增加，因此，螺杆式壓縮機的最佳水塔控制定點會比離心式壓縮機為低。

特靈擁有一個專利的方案，能以製冷機效率、水塔效率及轉換率，計算近乎最佳溫度，然後控制水塔提供近乎最佳溫度的液體。整個計算及控制的邏輯已結合在特靈的控制軟件（集成舒適系統）內，並以CPL程式語言為客戶更快 於工程中實行。

特靈的能源效益分析工具在不同的氣候地點、建築物種類及系統組件，量化研究水塔及製冷機的優化狀態。如有垂詢，我們的銷售工程人員定能助你分析如何優化水塔及製冷機，以達到最佳效益。

此文章由特靈亞太區系統應用高級經理劉子健先生撰寫。

有關文章：“Take it to the limit – or just halfway? “ ASHRAE Journal, July 1998, Volume 40, N0.7, pp. 32- 39“Tower water temperature – control it how??!” (hhtp:www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol241/v24a.asp) Engineers Newsletter, Volume 24, No.1 The Trane Company, 1995, Schwedler, M P.E. and Bradley, B.

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Problem Diagnosis for Chillers機組故障分析Trane chillers are installed with CH530 control panel, which can store up to 60 records of functional problems. When there is a problem during the operation of chiller, control panel will flash its red light to alert maintenance personnel for inspection. Maintenance personnel must investigate the information of control panel to confirm the problem and perform the maintenance work.

The factory also points out that if the chiller stops because of a functional problem, customer should not use the reset function casually to re-start the chiller. Contrari ly, the cause of the malfunction must be identified and resolved, then the chiller can be re-started. Otherwise, there could be serious damage to the chiller.

According to past experience, customer can follow these initial inspection procedures when encountering a similar problem. If there is evaporator water flow loss, the function of flow switch should be inspected first. If the problem occurs when the chiller is stopped, the chilled water pump should be checked to see if the time delay switch is properly installed and set. Usually there should be at least 3 minutes for the time delay in stopping the pump.

When RTHD ch i l l e r i s i n opera t ion , i f bu i ld ing management system instructs the chil ler to stop, the chiller will not stop immediately as it will wait for auto load to complete first, and time delay for unload takes about 40 seconds. Therefore, when building management system instructs to stop, the chilled water pump will not stop immediately and must wait until the time delay in stopping the pump is completed.

The newly launched CH530 control panel has an added function: when there is a chiller problem and the control panel is not reset, the control panel can record the important operating conditions, such as temperature, refrigerant pressure, electric pressure and electric current, 2 hours before the problem occurs, so that the maintenance personnel can investigate the cause.

特靈製冷機組均裝置了CH530電子控制板，可以儲存六十個機組故障記錄。當製冷機運行時出現故障，電子控制板便會亮起紅燈，提示維修人員進行檢查。維修人員會根據控制板所顯示的故障資料，以確定發生的問題，進行維修。

廠方更指出，如機組因故障而停機，客戶不應隨便使用重置功能令製冷機重新啟動。相反，應先要了解故障成因及待問題解決後才可再次啟動機組，否則可能對機組造成重大損害。

根據過往經驗，客戶如遇到以下類似問題，可按以下建議作初步檢查。如蒸發器失去水流，應先檢查水流掣之操作功能；如故障於每次停機時發生，應檢查冷水泵之延遲停泵時間掣安裝及調校是否妥當，此延遲時間掣應最少有三分鐘之延遲停泵功能。

當RTHD製冷機組運行時，如屋宇自動控制系統發出停機指令予機組，機組不會即時停止運作，因機組會待自動卸載完成後才會停止運行，而卸載延遲時間需時四十秒。故此，當屋宇自動控制系統發出停機指令，是不能將冷水泵即時停止，而必須等待延遲停泵調節功能完成。

最新推出的CH530電子控制板有一項新加功能，便是當機組有故障及未有將製冷機控制板重置時，控制板能記錄故障前兩小時之運行狀況，如溫度、冷媒壓力、電壓及電流等重要資料，方便維修人員檢查故障的原因。

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Carbon Audit for Tamar Project添馬艦工程之二氧化碳排放審計

In the Policy Address recently released, I am pleased to learn about the Government’s initiative in joining the global effort to combat Global Warming, particularly “conducting a Carbon Audit and implement an emissions reduction campaign in the new Central Government Complex at Tamar” (para. #39).

For this new Government Complex (Tamar project), we could have the opportunity to save as much as 1,000 tons of carbon emission every year* or a life-cycle emission reduction of 30,000 tons!

The Tamar project has total chiller (for air-conditioning) capacity of 10,000 refrigeration tons (RT) but unfortunately, it is currently specified to use refrigerants with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP).= For such large chiller applications, water-cooled centrifugal type is the most energy efficient choice; and there are 2 commonly used refrigerants, namely R-123 and R-134a. Since chiller design has to be optimized based on the choice of refrigerant and other associated technology, R-123 chiller has 15.6% better overall efficiency.1 And the actual energy savings will be much greater if it can be matched up with other equipment and controls to optimize the energy efficiency of the air-conditioning system as a whole. Putting zero ODP in the specification ruled out the choice of R-123 which is a HCFC though its ODP is as

Philip C.H. Yu, PhD RPE CEng Director of Environmental & Applications Engineering, Trane Asia PacificPhilip has over 15 years of professional experience in the HVAC field in Asia Pacific. He is actively involved in non-business technical activities both in Hong Kong and Mainland China. His areas of interest include building energy, chiller technology, refrigerant piping design and applications of various air-conditioning systems.

余中海博士工程師 特靈公司亞太區 環保及應用技術總監Philip擁有超過15年在亞太地區暖通空調（HVAC）領域的專業經驗。除了繁忙的業務之外，他還很熱心參與香港及國內的技術活動。研究範疇包括建築節能、冷水機技術、冷媒管道設計及各種空調系統等。

Email 電郵 : yupc@trane.com

low as 0.012. This not only gives up significant indirect emission (i.e. energy related carbon emission) reduction mentioned above but also contributes direct emission to global warming because R-134a is a HFC greenhouse gas with global warming potential (GWP) 17 times higher and operates in centrifugal chiller at higher pressure with 4 times higherb emission rate. Apparently, R-123 is a better choice than R-134a from an integrated environmental assessment standpoint. There are numbers of supporting scientific evidence discussed in the past issue.2 As such, the environmental value of R-123 are more recognized and given favourable credit points in the latest version of green building rating standards of many countries including USA3, Australia4, Singapore5, and even Hong Kong6. Indeed most of them used to offer credit points to zero ODP as an environmental response to the Ozone Layer Protection in the past, now consider Climate Change as well in their latest version or take an integrated approach like LEED that incorporates also the important concept of life-cycle impact, total refrigerant charge and leakage rate.

Last September in Montreal, Canada, I had the privilege of taking part in the United Nation’s meeting of parties to the Montreal Protocol. One of the important results is “phasing-out first those HCFCs with higher ozone-depleting potential”.7 For instance, the U.S. government phased out HCFC-141b (ODP=0.11) in 2003 to meet the

Building Energy Code…

hot and fresh! 建築能源守則.... 最新修定

* Estimate based on simple equivalent full load hours for office building. = SS P318-Tamar, Section BS2 – Special Design Requirements.b According to LEED-NC version 2.2 green building rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council, the annual lead rate of R-134a chillers is 2% and that of Trane R-123

chillers is only 0.5%.

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Montreal Protocol requirement of first 35% reduction and HCFC-22 (ODP=0.055) is being phased out by 2010, which will be sufficient to meet the new “accelerated” schedule (see lower red line in Fig. 1), without impacting HCFC-123 and other low ODP substances till the end of phase schedule.

In view of a big cut in the new schedule of Montreal Protocol for developing countries (see the grey area

1 Calm, J.M. 2007. “Centrifugal chiller efficiency – benefits beyond reduced operating costs”, Act on Climate Change – Now or Never – Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC, Hong Kong, 29-31 May 2007), paper ICCC-080.

2 Yu, P.C.H. "Re-thinking of HFC-134a", Trane Hong Kong newsletter, October 2006, pp. 6-8.3 USGBC. 2006. LEED for New Construction, version 2.2. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington D.C., USA.4 GBCA. 2007. Green Star environmental rating system for buildings, version 3.0. Green Building Council of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.5 Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. 2008. Green Mark for Air-conditioned Buildings, version 3.0.6 HK-BEAM Society. 2004. Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method for New Buildings, version 4/04.7 UNEP. 2007. “Decision XIX/F: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)” Decisions Adopted

by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. http://ozone.unep.org/

in fig. 2), the new Headquarters building of the central government environmental authority in the Mainland is using Trane R-123 chiller because of its superior energy efficiency and ultra low refrigerant leakage due to low pressure operation. I really don’t understand why our government still insist of using the old criteria “zero ODP” and give up the opportunity of 30,000 tons emission reduction!

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HCFC Consumption Cap for Article 2 (Developed) Countries

圖一：ODP加權HCFC在美國的使用情況及蒙特利爾條約對第二條款（發達）國家之HCFC消費限額

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1 Calm, J.M. 2007. “Centrifugal chiller efficiency – benefits beyond reduced operating costs”, Act on Climate Change – Now or Never – Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC, Hong Kong, 29-31 May 2007), paper ICCC-080.

2 Yu, P.C.H. "Re-thinking of HFC-134a", Trane Hong Kong newsletter, October 2006, pp. 6-8.3 USGBC. 2006. LEED for New Construction, version 2.2. U.S. Green Building Council, Washington D.C., USA.4 GBCA. 2007. Green Star environmental rating system for buildings, version 3.0. Green Building Council of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.5 Building and Construction Authority, Singapore. 2008. Green Mark for Air-conditioned Buildings, version 3.0.6 HK-BEAM Society. 2004. Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method for New Buildings, version 4/04.7 UNEP. 2007. “Decision XIX/F: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)” Decisions Adopted

by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. http://ozone.unep.org/

從最近的施政報告，我很高興見到政府採取積極態度，加入全球對抗氣候暖化的行列，尤其是「政府會以身作則，為添馬艦政府總部大樓進行二氧化碳排放審計」（第39段）。

對於新的政府總部（添馬艦工程），我們本來有機會每年可

以減少排放1,000噸之多的二氧化碳*或全生命週期減少排

放達30,000噸！

添馬艦工程將採用的冷水機組總製冷量 ( 冷氣部份）為10,000 冷噸左右，但很可惜目前標書只接受零臭氧層消耗潛力 (ODP）的雪種 =。對製冷量如此龐大的工程，最佳選擇莫過於水冷離心式冷水機組，而常用的雪種為 R-123或 R-134a。冷水機組的設計往往基於所選擇的雪種及其他相關技術才會得到優化， 而 R-123 製冷機整體性能高出15.6%1。如配合其他設備及自動控制系統來優化整個冷氣系統，實質的節能效益會更加顯著。指定零 ODP 的雪種，等於剔除採用 R-123 的可能，因為 R-123 屬於 一種HCFC， 即 使 其 ODP 值 僅 低 至 0.012。 如 此 一 來 ， 不 但會放棄上述大量減低「間接排放」 （即能耗有關的二氧化碳排放）的機會，更會加劇直接排放，因為 R-134a 是一種HFC 溫室氣體， 其全球變暖潛力（GWP）比 R-123 高出 17倍，並需要在較高壓的離心式製冷機運作，而排放率亦較R-123 高 4 倍 b。從綜合環境評核角度來看， R-123 無疑勝過 R-134a。過往我們亦探討了不少科學證據，支持這個

論點 2。亦因為這些證據，R-123 的環保價值近年來得到 廣泛認可和獲得多國的綠色建築物評審標準最新版本中 給予利好的評分，其中包括美國 3、澳洲 4、新加坡 5，甚至 香港 6。其實這些標準以往只認可零 ODP 作為對保護臭氧層的回應，但如今都考慮氣候變化的因素，美國綠色建築環保節能設計標準（LEED）更採取一個全面綜合的評估方法，加入其他重要考慮因素，例如生命週期的影響、雪種充注量及洩漏率等。

去年九月我有幸出席在加拿大蒙特利爾舉行的聯合國蒙特利爾條約締約方會議，當中一個重要的成果，是「首先淘汰ODP值 較 高 的HCFC物 質 」7。 例 如 美 國 政 府 在2003年 淘 汰 了HCFC-141b（ODP=0.11）便 達 到 蒙 特 利 爾 條約 首 先 減排35% 的 要 求； 並會 在2010年 淘 汰HCFC-22

（ODP=0.055），足以達到最新的「加速」淘汰時間表（見圖一下方紅線），毋須影響HCFC-123及其他低 ODP物質，直至逐步淘汰的終點。

雖然是次會議結果對發展中國家的最新淘汰時間表作出大幅削減（見圖二灰色部分），中國中央政府環保總局的新大樓還是採用特靈的R-123製冷機，皆因其卓越的能源效益以及超低雪種洩漏率，由於低壓運行。對於香港政府堅守

「零ODP」的舊標準而錯過減少30,000噸二氧化碳排放的機會，我實在百思不得其解！

* Estimate based on simple equivalent full load hours for office building. = SS P318-Tamar, Section BS2 – Special Design Requirements.b According to LEED-NC version 2.2 green building rating system of the U.S. Green Building Council, the annual lead rate of R-134a chillers is 2% and that of Trane R-123

chillers is only 0.5%.

Fig.2: Montreal Protocol (MP)

HCFC Consumption Cap

for Article 5 (Developing)

countries

圖二：蒙特利爾條約對第五條款（發展中）國家之HCFC消費限額

Mil

lio

n O

DP

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ram

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DP

公斤 2009-2010 Baseline

established (was 2015)

2009-2010年定立基準線（原本是2015年）

2013 Freeze point

(was 2015)

2013年開始凍結（原本於2016年）

Phase out of HCFC

use in new equipment (was 2040)

分階段停用HCFC於新器材（原本於2040年）

90%-2015

65%-2020

32.5%-2025

2.5% - Service Tail

維修使用

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

2007 MP Change2007年的條約變更

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To meet the market demand, Trane has specially launched the RTWD series of water cooled screw chiller manufactured in China, with cooling capacity from 70 to 250 tons using R134a refrigerant. The chiller uses compressor and starter panel directly imported from the U.S., therefore is more reliable and has a wider range of operating temperatures. Equipped with the newly improved CH530 control panel, it is one of the best choices in the market.

為滿足市場的廣泛需求，特靈特別推出了中國製造的RTWD系列水冷螺杆式製冷機組。冷量由70至250冷噸，使用R134a冷媒。機組使用美國原裝進口壓縮機及起動製箱，可靠性高及有較大的運行溫度範圍，配合新改良的CH530電子控制板使用，是現今市場其中一個最佳選擇。

RTWD Water Cooled Screw ChillerRTWD水冷螺杆式製冷機組

AerisGuard Corrosion ProtectionAerisGuard防腐塗層

AerisGuard Maintenance Corrosion Protection (AerisCoat) provides comprehensive protection for coils of heat exchanger against corrosion or oxidation. Through extensive long term field testing, AerisCoat has proven to offer up to 5 years protection for onsite application.

AerisCoat is newly represented by Hong Kong Air-conditioning Parts Centre and now available with stock on hand.

具保護效能的AerisGuard防腐塗層，能防止熱交換器內的盤管因接觸空氣或水份而受到侵蝕或氧化。此產品已通過多項嚴格測試，在工地環境的有效期可長達5年。

AerisGuard防腐塗層為香港冷氣配件中心新增代理產品，備有現貨供應。

Clean Treat Protect

AerisGuard Application – Steps

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Carrefour’s First Two Energy Efficiency Stores in China

家樂福首兩家節能商店於中國開業

Mega department chain store Carrefour has opened two new stores in Wuhan and Beijing respectively in January. Trane provided all the air-conditioning systems for these two energy efficiency stores and was invited to attend the opening ceremony. Also, Trane organized a promotional activity entitled “Energy Saving in My Home” at Carrefour, showing the highly energy-efficient EarthWiseTM system used by these two stores and the advanced integrated control system. Senior management from Carrefour, Consulate from the French embassy, representatives from World Wild Fund and related government officials were present. The air-conditioning system also includes a remote controlled energy management system specially designed for Carrefour. Through this system, the central monitoring and operating centre of Carrefour in Shanghai can control the operation of air-conditioning systems at all its outlets. Trane is proud to be appointed by Carrefour as the official supplier in air-conditioning and management systems for all its new stores in China, and to provide energy saving improvement services for its existing stores.

大型連鎖百貨商店家樂福兩間分別位於武漢和北京的節能商店已於本年1月開業。特靈為該兩間節能商店提供全套空調系統，並獲邀參加新店的開幕儀式。同時特靈在家樂福舉辦「節能在我‘家’」宣傳活動，展示兩間商店所採用的高效節能EarthWiseTM 系統及先進的集成控制系統。家樂福高層領導、法國領事館領事、世界自然基金會的代表及相關政府領導均到場參觀。

整套空調系統還包括為家樂福設計的遠端控制的能源管理系統。藉著此系統，位於上海的家樂福中央控制營運中心便可監控各門店的空調系統運作。特靈已被指定為家樂福於中國所有新店空調設備及自控系統的供應商；並為現有店舖提供節能改善服務。

Trane Taiwan just won the Outstanding Facility Supplier Award by United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) recently for its quality products and technical support. After using the facilities provided by Trane, UMC saved an impressive US$2.5 million in operating cost between the second half of 2006 and 2007. UMC is the first listed semi-conductor company in Taiwan, and has 12,000 employees all over the world.

特靈台灣最近獲聯華電子公司頒發傑出供應商獎項，以肯定特靈所提供的優質產品及技術支援。該公司採用特靈設備後，相關營運成本在2006年下半年至2007年期間共節省了250萬美元，成績令人鼓舞。 聯華電子是台灣第一家上市的半導體公司，全球員工約有12,000 名。

Trane Taiwan Won Outstanding Facility Supplier Award特靈台灣獲頒傑出供應商獎

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Prevention of Legionnaires’ Disease Committee預防退伍軍人症委員會Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director, is renewed by Development Bureau as a member of the Prevention of Legionnaires’ Disease Committee. The three-year tenure started from November 2007.

業務董事陳家龍先生再次獲發展局委任為預防退伍軍人症委員會之委員。三年的委任期由2007年11月中開始。

The new high-tech manufacturing facility near Bangkok, Thailand by Trane and Jardines was officially open on 12 March. The management f r o m T r a n e a n d J a r d i n e E n g i n e e r i n g , government officials of Thailand, customers, dealers and suppliers were present at the opening ceremony. The new facility mainly produces household and commercial air conditioning units to meet the huge demand from markets in Asia Pacific, Latin America, Europe and Middle East. The plant has a product development laboratory and state-of-the-art inspection facilities. Also, it has a training centre to provide a technical exchange and experience sharing platform for customers, dealers and business partners.

特靈及怡和集團在曼谷附近開設的全新高科技製造廠房，已於3月12日正式開幕。特靈及怡和機器的管理層、泰國政府官員、客戶、經銷商及供應商等均有出席開幕儀式。新廠房主要生產住宅及商用空調機組，以應付亞太地區、拉丁美洲、歐洲及中東等市場的龐大需求。廠房設有產品研發實驗室及完善的檢測設施。除此以外，更設有培訓中心，為客戶、經銷商及業務夥伴提供一個技術交流和分享經驗的平台。

New Manufacturing Facility in Thailand泰國新建廠房

Trane and Jardine executives at the new factory.特靈及怡和機器的管理層攝於新廠房。

Annual Dinner 週年春茗Trane held the annual dinner in early February at the City Hall. Over 200 staff put their work aside and participated this fun-filled occasion. They enjoyed a sumptuous dinner and had a great time together. Our infamous "Sister Chu" received the grand prize from Mr. K. K. Leung, Director and General Manager, with a big, cheerful smile.

特靈於今年2月初假香港大會堂舉行春茗，出席員工逾二百人。同事們暫且放下日間繁重的工作，大家聚首一堂，享用豐富的晚餐。眾人認識的 ‘珠姐’從董事及總經理梁基強先生手上接過大獎，笑逐顏開。

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Builtech Asia 2008亞洲建築科技2008Mr. Peter Lau, Senior Manager of System Applications, Trane Asia Pacific, was invited as a guest speaker at Builtech Asia 2008 seminar with the topic of ”I n t e g r a t i n g H V A C i n t o B u i l d i n g Systems”. The seminar was aimed at providing the latest technical knowledge on bui ld ings, audience was mainly from project consultancy companies, developers, government departments and contractors.

特靈亞太區系統應用高級經理劉子健先生，獲邀請為亞洲建築科技2008 研討會主講嘉賓；演講主題為暖通空調系統應用在屋宇系統上。是次研討會主要向業界提供最新樓宇建築的科技知識。 出席聽眾包括來自工程顧問公司、發展商、政府部門及承建商等。

Re-structure of Sales Departments重組銷售部門To be in-line with the current business environment and explore new opportunities, Trane Hong Kong started restructuring the Sales Departments in January this year. Newly created departments include Strategic Account Department, which is responsible for unitary products for new buildings in Hong Kong and overseas joint projects in Macau, China and other countries, while the Energy Solution Department mainly provides system update and energy solutions for customers. Existing Buildings Market Department, New Buildings Market Department and Trane Controls Department will continue their sales services as before.

為配合現時的營商環境及尋找更多商機，特靈香港於今年1 月開始重組銷售部門。新成立的大客戶部主力負責香港新建樓宇的單元式產品及海外合作工程項目，當中包括澳門、中國及其他海外地區。而節能部主要為客戶提供更新系統及能源解決方案。以往的屋宇設備更新部、屋宇設備部及屋宇自控部將繼續提供以往的銷售服務。

Mr. K.L. ChanOperations Director

Energy SolutionDepartment

Mr. Victor WongSenior Manager

Mr. Albert LoSenior Manager

Mr. Y. S. TamSenior Manager

New BuildingsMarket Department

Trane ControlsDepartment

Strategic AccountDepartment

Existing BuildingsMarket Department

New Organization Chart ofTrane Hong Kong

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Old Faces昔日面孔Mr. K. K. Leung, Director, and Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director, had a warm reunion with Mr. Hans Rueschmann (third left), former Vice President of Unitary Product, Trane Asia Pacific, and Mr. Tony Chow (fourth left), former Director & General Manager of Jardine Trane Airconditioning recently. Mr. Hans has retired for years and is very active in voluntary church services, while Mr. Chow is enjoying his retirement life in Shanghai now.

董事梁基強先生及業務董事陳家龍先生於2月下旬，與前特靈亞太區單元式產品副總裁Mr. Hans Rueschmann（左三）及前怡和特靈董事兼總經理周榮光先生（左四）相聚一番，閒話當年。Mr. Hans退休多年，近年為教會擔任義務工作。而周先生近年長居上海，享受其寫意的退休生活。

To enhance staff’s service and team spirit, we have arranged a Service First Workshop on 5 and 6 of March at the Gold Coast Hotel, Tuen Mun. Through different interesting games and vivid presentations, everyone has commanded a good knowledge of the importance of service first and team spirit.

為加強員工的服務第一及團隊精神，我們特別於3月5日及6日於屯門黃金海岸酒店舉辦了一個服務第一研討營。各人透過遊戲及深入淺出的講解，認識到服務第一和團隊精神的重要性。

HKIE Fellow Member香港工程師學會資深會員Mr. Frankie Chan, Operations Director, was appointed by HK Institute of Engineers as Fellow Member in January this year. Mr. Chan has over 20 years of experience in the field of engineering and construction, and holds a bachelor and a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from Hong Kong University, as well as many other professional q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g Registered Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer (UK & Australia) and Certified Energy Manager. Mr. Chan is now the Honorary Secretary of the Building Services Division of HKIE and a Director of HAESCO. He is also appointed by the HKSAR as a member of the Contractors Registration Committee Panel and the Contractors Registration Committee, as well as a Sector / Subject Specialist for the Hong Kong Council for Academic Accreditation.

業務董事陳偉平先生於今年1月獲香港工程師學會推選為資深會員。陳先生擁有超過二十年工程及建造業的豐富經驗，並持有香港大學機械工程學士及碩士學位及多個專業資格；當中包括註冊專業工程師、英國及澳洲特許工程師及認可能源經理。陳先生現時擔任香港工程師學會屋宇裝備分部之榮譽秘書及香港能源服務協會之董事。此外，他同時獲香港特區政府委任為承建商註冊事務委員團及委員會之委員及香港學術評審局委任為行業及學科專家。

Service First Workshop服務第一研討營

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Dealer Meeting 20082008年經銷商晚會Trane Dealer Meeting 2008 was held on 10 March 2008 at City Garden Hotel, North Point. Dealer excellence awards were also presented to praise their outstanding sales performance in 2006 and 2007 by Mr. K. K. Leung, Director and Mr. K. L. Chan, Operations Director. An exciting series of upcoming dealer activities were unveiled that night, which included the factory visit to Zhongshan plant, product presentation and technical training.

There are 12 dealers received outstanding sales awards for their dedication and support to Trane for the past two years, they include:

特靈經銷商晚會於3月10日假北角城市花園酒店舉行，是晚由董事梁基強先生及業務董事陳家龍先生頒發經銷商傑出銷售獎項，以表揚特靈經銷商於2006及2007年期間的傑出銷售成績。晚會期間，我們向經銷商介紹來年的經銷商活動，包括參觀中山廠房、產品簡介及技術培訓。

今年共有12位經銷商獲頒發傑出銷售獎項，以表揚及感謝他們在過去兩年的銷售年度，對特靈的大力支持。得獎名單如右：

All dealers and Trane management took a group photo to commemorate the occasion.所有經銷商與特靈管理層齊齊來一張大合照，以作留念。

Mr. K. K. Leung, Director, presented the platinum award to Mr. Kelly Chow (right) of Dah Fung Service.董事梁基強先生頒發傑出銷售大獎予大豐空調服務的周家德先生(右)。

Platinum Award 傑出銷售大獎

Dah Fung Service 大豐空調服務

Golden Award 傑出銷售金獎

Arnlee Air-Conditioning Ltd. 安利冷氣工程有限公司Associated HVAC Contracting Co., Ltd. 華聯冷氣工程有限公司Jeff Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. 捷富冷氣有限公司Lightben Ltd. 耀初有限公司

Quota Breaker 傑出銷售獎

Easiplus Engineering Ltd. 怡豐工程有限公司Honest Air-conditioning Ltd. 明發冷氣有限公司Kervin Engineering Co., Ltd. 樂信工程有限公司Kings View Airconditioning Engineering Co., Ltd. 景匯空調工程維修有限公司SilverTech E & M Engineering Co., Ltd. 銀科機電工程有限公司TJ Engineering Services Ltd.Westco Chinney Ltd. 威高建業有限公司

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MTR Stations Project港鐵站工程項目

MTR Corporation plans to upgrade the air conditioning system of its stations gradually. Eleven water cooled and air cooled chillers with a total of 3,025 tons will be replaced and installed in 4 of the stations and the Kowloon Bay depot. The project is expected to take 2 years and be completed by July 2009.

港鐵近年逐步為車站更新空調設備，其中四個車站及九龍灣車廠將分階段更換及安裝11台共3,025冷噸水冷及風冷式製冷機組。該工程預計需時兩年，於2009年7 月完成。

United Centre 統一中心Trane is working on an electric mechanical improvement project for the 27-year old United Centre in Admiralty. The project includes changing the air handling units, repairing chillers and changing the sprinkler system for the entire building. The project will be completed by end of June.

位於金鐘的統一中心已有27年歷史，特靈為此中心提供機電改善工程。工程主要為全幢大廈更換空氣處理機組、維修製冷機及更換消防灑水系統。整項工程將於6 月尾完工。

Kornhill Apartments康蘭居Kornhill Apartments in Island East is a service apartment with 450 rooms. Trane is installing a water cooled centrifugal chiller with 800 tons there. The project is estimated to finish by mid 2008.

位於港島東的康蘭居，是一所擁有450間房間的服務式寓所。特靈為該大廈更換1台800冷噸的水冷離心式製冷機組。預計今年年中完工。

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Long Service Award | 長期服務獎

Many colleagues have dedicated their services to Trane for 10, 15 and 20 years, and the management presented a special award to each one of them as an appreciation for their contribution over the years.

多位同事分別在特靈工作逾十年、十五年及二十年。管理層特別代表公司頒發服務獎予各同事，以表揚他們多年來對公司所作出的貢獻。從服務年期及獲頒獎人數，反映員工對公司甚有歸屬感。

Happy Wedding | 新婚之喜

Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Yu tied their knot on 28 December 2007. Our warmest wishes for their love to last forever!

恭喜余堅成夫婦於2007年12月28日新婚之喜。

New Kid | 喜獲麟兒

Congratulations to Mr. Zeno Wong for his newborn baby boy!

恭喜王仕明先生最近喜獲麟兒。

From left: Mr. K. M. Lun (Manager), Mr. Tom Cheung (Assistant Manager) and Mr. C. W. Chau (Senior Engineer)

左起：倫健文先生（經理）、張景威先生（助理經理）及周頌威先生（高級工程師）

Staff Promotions | 員工晉升

Congratulations to the following staff on their promotions! Wish them more success in their new appointments.

恭喜以下同事獲擢升，在此祝他們平步青雲。

Mr. James Graham (left), Chief Executive of Jardine Engineering Corporation, presented the 20 Years Service Award to Mr. K. L. Chan (right), Operations Director of Trane Hong Kong in JEC Spring Dinner.怡和機器有限公司行政總裁關正仕先生(左)於怡和機器春茗晚宴上，頒發二十年服務獎予特靈香港業務董事陳家龍先生(右)。

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