training program day1 metro
TRANSCRIPT
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Training Module for 3 G (WCDMA)
Day :1 WCDMA principle and overview.
WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer
Day :2WCDMA Handover Principle WCDMA Power Control Principle WCDMA RF Optimization Basic
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WCDMA Principles
DAY - 1
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 WCDMA Network StructureCDMA Network Structure
Chapter 3 WCDMA TechnologiesChapter 3 WCDMA Technologies
Chapter 4 WCDMA RNC AreaChapter 4 WCDMA RNC Area
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Mobile Network Evolution
1G
Analogue
2G
Digital
2.5GPacket Data
2.75G
Enhanced Data
NMT
NMT
TACS
TACS
AMPS
AMPS
GSM
GSM
CDMA
CDMA
TDMA
TDMA
PDC
PDC
GPRS
GPRS
EDGE
EDGE
CDMA 1X
CDMA 1X
WCDMA
WCDMA
TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA
cdma20001X EV-DO
cdma20001X EV-DO
2M, 14M
2M
2.4M
384K
144K
1982-1996+ 1992-2002+ 2001+ 2004+ 2002-2004+
115K
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Target of IMT2000 Global uniform frequency band and standard, global seamless coverage
High efficient spectrum utility
High quality of service, high security
Easy for evolution from 2G system
Providing multimedia service
Car speed environment: 144kbps
Walk speed environment: 384kbps
Indoor environment: 2048kbps
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WCDMA FDD
WCDMA FDD
Multiple access method DS-CDMA
Duplex Method Frequency Division
Frequency Band Uplink : 1920-1980MHz, Downlink : 2110-2170MHz
Base Station Synchronization Asynchronous/Synchronous operation
Chip Rate 3.84Mcps
Frame Length 10ms
Service multiplexing Multiple Services with different QoS are multiplexed on a single connection
Multi-user detection, smart antennas Supported by standard, optional in implementation
Power Control Fast Power Control, 1.5KHz
Handover Softer, Soft & Hard Handover
Transmit Diversity Open & Closed Loop
Voice Coding AMR Voice Coding, rate 4.75kb 12.2kbps
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WCDMA Voice EvolutionWCDMA Voice Evolution
Adopt AMR voice coding, and support voice quality of 4.75Kbps ~
12.2Kbps
Adopt soft handover and transmit diversity to improve system
capacity
Provide high fidelity voice mode
Fast power control
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Data Service Evolution of
WCDMA
Data Service Evolution of
WCDMA Support maximum 2Mbps data service
Support packet switch
Adopt ATM platform currently
Provide QoS
Common Packet Channel(CPCH) and Downlink Share Channel(DSCH)
can support Internet packet services better
Provide high-quality support for uplink-downlink symmetric data service,
such as voice, video phone, conference TV
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 WCDMA Network StructureCDMA Network Structure
Chapter 3 WCDMA TechnologiesChapter 3 WCDMA Technologies
Chapter 4 WCDMA RNC AreaChapter 4 WCDMA RNC Area
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WCDMA Network Structure
GSM /GPRS BSS
BTS
BSC
PCU
SS7
SCP
SMS
SCE
PSTN/other PLMN
Internet,Intranet
MSC/VLR GMSC
HLR/AUC
SGSN
CGBG
GGSN
PS backbone
Other PLMN
CS domain
PSdomain
NodeB
RNC
UTRAN
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
A
Gb
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WCDMA Interfaces
A Interface
A-bis
Um
MSCMSC
BSCBSC
BTSBTS
UE
SGSNSGSN
Gb
GSM
Iub
Uu
MSCMSC
RNCRNC
NodeBNodeB
UE
SGSNSGSN
Iu-PSIu-CS
Iub
Uu
RNCRNC
NodeBNodeB
UE
Iur
WCDMA
UTRANBSS
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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 WCDMA Network StructureCDMA Network Structure
Chapter 3 WCDMA TechnologiesChapter 3 WCDMA Technologies
Chapter 4 WCDMA RNC AreaChapter 4 WCDMA RNC Area
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Chapter 3 WCDMA TechnologiesChapter 3 WCDMA Technologies
Section 1Section 1
-- Correlation FunctionCorrelation Function- OVSF and PN code- OVSF and PN code
- Information Spreading & Recovery- Information Spreading & Recovery- Rake Receiver- Rake Receiver
Section 2Section 2
- WCDMA Transmission Block Diagram- WCDMA Transmission Block Diagram
Section 3Section 3
- Power Control- Power Control
- Handover- Handover
- Diversity- Diversity
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Correlation FunctionCorrelation Function
Correlation is a measure of similarity between any two arbitrary signals.
EXAMPLE:
-1 1 -1 1
1 1 1 1
-1 1 -1 1
Zero correlation
Orthogonal signals
-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1
1 1 1 1
1 correlation
Identical signals
+10
-1
+1
0
-1
+1
0
-1
+1
0
-1
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Orthogonal Function
Orthogonal functions have zero correlation. Two binary sequences are orthogonal if their XOR
output contains equal number of 1s and 0s
0000
0101
0101
EXAMPLE:
1010
0101
1111
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OVSF & Walsh Code
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
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SF and Service Rate
Symbol Rate*SF=Chip Rate
In WCDMA system, if chip rate=3.84MHz, SF=4, then symbol
rate=960Kbps;
Symbol Rate=(Service Rate + Checking Code)*Channel Coding Rate*
Repeat or Puncture Rate
In WCDMA system, if service rate=384Kbps, channel coding=1/3 Turbo
coding, then symbol rate=960Kbps;
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Scrambling Code
Scrambling codes
GOLD sequence.
Uplink scrambling codes Uplink scrambling codes are used to distinguish different UEs
Downlink scrambling codes
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218 -1 = 262,143 scrambling codes
can be generated. Only scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
8192 codes are divided into 512 groups, each of which contains 16 scrambling
codes.
The first scrambling code of each group is called primary scrambling code
(PSC), and the other 15 ones are secondary scrambling codes (SSC).
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OVSF and PN Code Usage
OVSF Code PN Code
Usage Uplink : Separate physical data(DPDCH) & control channels(DPCCH) from the same terminal
Downlink : Separate downlinkconnections to different UEs withinthe cell
Uplink : Separation of UEs
Downlink : Separation of cells
Length Uplink : 4 256 chips
Downlink : 4 512 chips
Uplink/Downlink :
10ms = 38400 chips
Number of codes Number of codes under onescrambling factor = spreadingfactor
Uplink : Several Million
Downlink : 512
Code Family Orthogonal Variable SpreadingFactor (OVSF)
Gold code
Bandwidth Spreading increase transmission
bandwidth
No change in transmission
bandwidth
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Information spreading over
orthogonal codes
1 0 0 1 1
0110 0110 0110 0110 0110
1001 0110 0110 1001 1001
User Input
Orthogonal
Sequence
Tx Data
+1
-1
+1
-1
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Information recovery
1 0 0 1 1+1
-1
Rx Data 1001 0110 0110 1001 10010110 0110 0110 0110 01101111 0000 0000 1111 1111
Correct Function
? ? ? ? ?
Rx Data 1001 0110 0110 1001 10010101 0101 0101 0101 01011100 0011 0011 1100 1100
Incorrect Function
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Spreading and De-spreading
information pulse interference White noise
The improvement of time-domain information rate means that the bandwidth of spectrum-domain
information is spread.
f
S f
The spectrum before spreading
information
f0
The spectrum before despreading
information
Interference/noise
S f
f0 f f0
The spectrum after despreading
information
Interference/noise
S f
f
The spectrum after spreading
information
f0
S f
f
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Principle of RAKE ReceiverPrinciple of RAKE Receiver
RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi-path fading and enhance
the receive performance of the system
Receive set
Correlator 1
Correlator 2
Correlator 3
Searcher correlatorCalculate the
time delay and
signal strength
Combiner The combined
signal
tt
s(t) s(t)
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Chapter 3 WCDMA TechnologiesChapter 3 WCDMA Technologies
Section 1Section 1
-- Correlation FunctionCorrelation Function
- OVSF and PN code- OVSF and PN code- Information Spreading & Recovery- Information Spreading & Recovery
- Rake Receiver- Rake Receiver
Section 2Section 2
- WCDMA Transmission Block Diagram- WCDMA Transmission Block Diagram
Section 3Section 3
- Power Control- Power Control- Handover- Handover
- Diversity- Diversity
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Block Diagram of WCDMA
System
Block Diagram of WCDMA
SystemSourcecoding
Channel
codingSpreading Modulation
Sourcedecoding
Channel
decodingDespreading Demodulation
Radio channel
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Common Technical Terms
Bit, Symbol, Chip:
A bit is the input data which contain information
A symbol is the output of the convolution, encoder, and the
block interleaving
A chip is the output of spreading
Processing Gain:
Processing gain is the ratio of chip rate to the bit rate.
Closely related to spreading factor, SF.
Forward direction/ Downlink : Information path from base station
to mobile station
Reverse direction/ Uplink : Information path from mobile station
to base station
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WCDMA System
Source Coding
Voice : Adaptive multirate technique with rate 4.75kbps 12.2kbps
Channel Coding
CRC Attachment.
Check for error during transmission.
Voice : CRC check returns error, discard information
Data : CRC check returns error; ask for retransmission
Convolutional or Turbo Coding
Convolution coding for voice and low speed signaling
Turbo Coding for large data transmission. Better performance than convolutional coding
Interleaving
Distribute error over data transmitted
Rate Matching
Match symbol rate to that accepted by spreading Rate matching technique : Repeat or puncturing
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WCDMA System
Spreading
Spreading (OVSF code)
SF 4 512, depends on data rate
Scrambling (Gold Code)
Modulation
QPSK
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Chapter 3 WCDMA TechnologiesChapter 3 WCDMA Technologies
Section 1Section 1
-- Correlation FunctionCorrelation Function
- OVSF and PN code- OVSF and PN code- Information Spreading & Recovery- Information Spreading & Recovery
- Rake Receiver- Rake Receiver
Section 2Section 2
- WCDMA Transmission Block Diagram- WCDMA Transmission Block Diagram
Section 3Section 3
- Power Control- Power Control- Handover- Handover
- Diversity- Diversity
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Power Control
Open Loop Power Control
Set initial power for transmission of PRACH
Closed Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control
Uplink : Controls power of NodeB.
Downlink : Ensures all power received at NodeB are just enough
to maintain satisfactory connection
Fast Power Control : 1.5khz
Outer Loop Power Control
Set SIRthreshold based on BER/BLER
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Open Loop Power Control Controlled by UE.
Determine UE initial transmission power for random access procedure.
Not in use when inner loop power control running.
UE obtain information from network on:
CPICH power
Uplink interference level
Constant value (Default = 2dB)
UE Initial Power = CPICH power CPICH_RSCP + UL interference +UE Initial Power = CPICH power CPICH_RSCP + UL interference +
ConstantConstant
System information :CPICH power, UL interference & constant
PRACH Tx power
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Inner Closed Loop Power
ControlPower Control Bit Located in UE & NodeB
Controls power of dedicated physical channels
Power controls occurs at 1500Hz, thus known as
fast power control
NodeB and UE continuously measure and compare
SIRmeasured with SIRthreshold value, and inform each
other to increase /reduce its power accordingly.
UE1 UE2 UE3 UE4
With Optimum Power Control
UE1
UE2
UE3
UE4
Without Power Control
(SIR)measured
NodeB
UE2
UE3
UE1
UE4
SIR threshold
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Outer Closed Loop Power
Control Adjust SIR for every user
Needed to keep track of changes in radio environment
Aims to provide required quality
IfSIRthreshold reaches its maximum, system has to perform
- inter-frequency/inter-system handover- RRC connection release
BER/BLER Value
Change in (SIR)threshold
RNCSIR threshold
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Handover
Softer handoverSofter handover- Handover between intra-frequency cells under the control of the same BTS- Radio link connection to new target cell is created before existing connection
being deleted.
Soft handoverSoft handover- Handover between intra-frequency cells under the control of the differentBTSs
Hard handoverHard handover- Condition of hard handover:
Intra-frequency handover, cells controlled by different RNCs and no Iurinterface between them
Inter-frequency handover Inter-system handover
Interruption in voice or data communication occurs but this interruptiondoes not effect the user communication
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Soft/Softer Handover
Combine all the
power from each
sector
Power received from
a single sector
Selection combination in the RNC during soft handoff
Maximum ratio combination in the NodeB during softer handoffs
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Transmission Diversity :
STTD
Space Time transmit Diversity (STTD)
Transmissiondiversity
processing
Restoring data stream
Path1
Path2
Antenna 2
Antenna 1
B0 B1 B2 B3
B2 B3 B0 B1
B0 B1 B2 B3
B0 B1 B2 B3
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Transmission Diversity :
TSTD
Transmission
diversity
processing
Data stream 1
Data stream 2
Data stream Restoring data stream
Path1
Path2
Antenna 2
Antenna 1
Time Switch transmit Diversity (TSTD)
Used in synchronization physical channel ( SCH)
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UMTS Radio Interface Physical Layer
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Chapter 1 : Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 : Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 : Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 : Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 : Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 3 : Physical Layer Procedures
Chapter 4 : Transmit Diversity on PhysicalChapter 4 : Transmit Diversity on Physical
ChannelChannel
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UTRAN Protocol StructureUTRAN Protocol Structure
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
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Spreading TechnologySpreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps Channelization operation: Transforms data symbols into chips. Thus
increasing the bandwidth of the signal. The number of chips per data symbol
is called the Spreading Factor SF .The operation is done through
multiplication with OVSF code. Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal.
Data bit
OVSF
code
Scrambling
code
Chips afterspreading
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Channelization Code Channelization Code
OVSF code is used as channelization code
The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is
the spreading factor of the code and kis the code number, 0 k SF-1.
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0
= (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1, -1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1, -1, -1)
Cch,4,2 = (1, -1,1, -1)
Cch,4,3 = (1, -1, -1,1)
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Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
Scrambling code GOLD sequence.
Scrambling code period : 10ms ,or 38400 chips.
The code used for scrambling of uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long orshort type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling codes. Uplink
scrambling codes are assigned by higher layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218 -1 = 262,143 scrambling codes can
be generated. Only scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
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Primary Scrambling CodePrimary Scrambling Code
Scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Set 0
Set 1
Set 511
Primaryscrambling code 0
Secondaryscrambling code 1
Secondaryscrambling code
15
Primaryscrambling code
51116
Secondaryscrambling code
51116 15
8192
scramblingcodes
512 sets
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Primary Scrambling Code GroupPrimary Scrambling Code Group
Group 0
Group1
Group 63
512 primary
scrambling codes64 primary scrambling
code groups Each group consists of 8primary scrambling codes
Primary
scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Primaryscrambling code 0
Primaryscrambling code 1
Primaryscrambling code 7
Primaryscrambling code
8*63
Primaryscrambling code
63*8 7
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Chapter 1 : Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 : Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 : Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 : Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 : Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 3 : Physical Layer Procedures
Chapter 4 : Transmit Diversity on PhysicalChapter 4 : Transmit Diversity on Physical
ChannelChannel
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Chapter 2 : Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 : Physical Layer Key Technology
Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Function
Section 2 Channel Mapping
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WCDMA Radio Interface WCDMA Radio Interface
3GPP protocol defined WCDMA radio interface into three
channels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical
channel.
Logical channel: Carrying user services. Divided into 2 types,based on services it carried: Control channel and service channel.
Transport channel: Between radio interface layer 2 and physicallayer. Services provided by physical layer for MAC layer. Based on
information transported, can be divided into dedicated channeland common channel.
Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds ofinformation when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each
channel that uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreadingcode and scramble and carrier hase can be re arded as a
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Logical channelLogical channel
Traffic channel
Control channel
Dedicated traffic channel DTCH
Common traffic channel CTCH
Broadcast control channel BCCH
Paging control channel PCCH
Dedicate control channel DCCH
Common control channel (CCCH
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Transport channelTransport channel
Broadcast channel (BCH)
Forward access channel (FACH)
Paging channel (PCH)
Random access channel (RACH)
BCH, FACH & PCH are downlink channels.
Only RACH is common uplink channel
Dedicated Channel (DCH)
Dedicated Channel (DCH) exists on uplink
or downlink channel.
Dedicated transport
channel
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Physical Channel Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code
(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading code) can
distinguish the channels. Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio frame
consists of 15 time slots.
Two types of physical channel: UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency,code,phase
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Downlink Physical Channel Downlink Physical Channel
Downlink Common Physical Channel
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH) Common Control Physical Channel (CCPCH)
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
Downlink DPCH
Downlink
Physical
Channel
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Functions of Downlink DPDCH/DPCCHFunctions of Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH
DCH data
DPDCH
DPCCH
Provide control data for DPDCH ,such
as demodulation, power control,etc.
Data bearerData bearer
at physical layerat physical layer
DCH
data
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Common Pilot
Channel(CPICH)
Common Pilot
Channel(CPICH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Carries pre-defined sequence.
Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256
Can use STTD on this channel
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Common Pilot Channel
(CPICH)
Common Pilot Channel
(CPICH) Primary CPICH
Uses OVSF code -Cch, 256,0 Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
Only one CPICH per cell Broadcast over the entire cell The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH,
PICH. By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.
Secondary CPICH An arbitrary channel code of SF=256 is used for S-CPICH S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling
code There may be zero, one , or several secondary CPICH. S-CPICH may be transmitted over part of the cell
S-CPICH may be a phase reference for S-CCPCH and downlink DPCH.
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Synchronization Channel (SCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH)
Used for cell search
Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-
SCH.
SCH is transmitted at the first
256 chips of every time slot. PSC is transmitted repeatedly in
each time slot.
SSC specifies the scrambling
code groups of the cell.
SSC is chosen from a set of 16
different codes of length 256,
there are altogether 64 primaryscrambling code groups.
PrimarySCH
SecondarySCH
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
acs,
acp
acs,
acp
acs,
acp
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
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Primary Common Control Physical
Channel (PCCPCH)
Primary Common Control Physical
Channel (PCCPCH) Fixed rate 30kbps SF=256, 1
Carry BCH transport channel
Not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot.
Only data part
STTD transmit diversity may be used
Data18 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
1 radio frame: T f= 10 ms
(Tx OFF)
256 chips
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Secondary Common Control Physical
Channel (SCCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical
Channel (SCCPCH) Carry FACH and PCH.
Two types of SCCPCH:
with or without TFCI. UTRAN
decides if a TFCI should be
transmitted, UE must supportTFCI.
Possible rates are the same as
that of downlink DPCH
SF =256 - 4.
FACH and PCH can be mapped
to the same or separate
SCCPCHs. If mapped to the
same S-CCPCH, they can bemapped to the same frame.
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2kbits (k=0..6)
Pilot
Npilot bits
Data
Ndata bits
1 radio frame: T f= 10 ms
TFCI
NTFCI bits
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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
One radio frame (10 ms)
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b287 b288 b299
Fixed-rate (SF=256, 3), used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).
PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH transport channel is
mapped to.
N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.
If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated withthis paging indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.
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Acquisition Indicator Channel
(AICH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel
(AICH) Frame structure of AICH two frames, 20 ms consists of a
repeated sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120
chips). Each time slot consists of two parts an Acquisition-
Indicator(AI) and a part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.
Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.
CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS # i AS #14 AS #0
a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39
AI part Unused part
20 ms
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Uplink Physical ChannelUplink Physical Channel
Uplink Common Physical Channel
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel
(Uplink DPDCH)
Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(Uplink DPCCH) Uplink
Physical
Channel
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Physical Random Access Channel
(PRACH)
Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH)
The PRACH consist of 2 parts:
Preamble
one or several preamble.
Each preamble is of length 4096chips and consists of 256 repetitions of
a signature whose length is 16 chips. Total of 16 signatures
SF : 256
Message part :
Two type, 10 or 20ms message part
SF : 256 - 32
Which signature is available and the length of message part are determined by
higher layer
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PRACH Transmission StructurePRACH Transmission Structure
Message partPreamble
4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble
Message partPreamble
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble Preamble
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Function of physical channel
P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channelS-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel
Cell broadcast channels
DPDCH-dedicated physical data channel
DPCCH-dedicated physical control channel
Dedicated channels
Paging channels
PICH-paging Indicator Channel
S-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channel
PRACH-Physical random access channel
AICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel
Random access channels
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Chapter 2 : Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 : Physical Layer Key Technology
Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Function
Section 2 Channel Mapping
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Channel MappingChannel Mapping
{XOR}
TransportChannels
(L1 CharacteristicsDependent)
PCH BCH FACH RACH DCH
S-CCPCHP-CCPCHPhysical
Channels PRACH DPDCH
LogicalChannels
(DataDependent)
PCCH
DCCH
DTCH
DecicatedLogicalChannel
CipherOn
BCCH CCCH CTCH
HigherLayer data
PagingPaging
SystemInfo
SystemInfo
SignalingSignaling
CellBroadcast
Service
CellBroadcast
Service
Signalingand
User data
Signalingand
User data
DTCHDTCH
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Chapter 1 : Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 : Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 : Physical Layer Key TechnologyChapter 2 : Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 : Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 3 : Physical Layer Procedures
Chapter 4 : Transmit Diversity on PhysicalChapter 4 : Transmit Diversity on Physical
ChannelChannel
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Chapter 3 : Physical Layer ProcedureChapter 3 : Physical Layer Procedure
Section 1 Synchronisation Procedure ( Cell Search)Section 1 Synchronisation Procedure ( Cell Search)
Section 2 Random Access ProcedureSection 2 Random Access Procedure
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1. Synchronization Procedure
Cell Search
1. Synchronization Procedure
Cell SearchSlot synchronization
Frame synchronization and
code-group identification
Scrambling-code
identification
UE uses PSC to acquire slot
synchronization to a cell
UE uses SSC to find frame
synchronization and identify
the code group of the cell
found in the first step
UE determines the primary scrambling
code through correlation over the
CPICH with all codes within the
identified group, and then detects the P-
CCPCH and reads BCH information
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Chapter 3 : Physical Layer ProcedureChapter 3 : Physical Layer Procedure
Section 1 Synchronisation Procedure ( Cell Search)Section 1 Synchronisation Procedure ( Cell Search)
Section 2 Random Access ProcedureSection 2 Random Access Procedure
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2. Random Access ProcedureRACH2. Random Access ProcedureRACH
Physical random access procedure
1. UE decoded BCH to find out the available RACH sub-channel, its scrambling
code and available signature.
2. Randomly select one of the RACH sub-channels from the group its access
class allows to use. Signature also selected randomly from among the available
signatures.
3. Set Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_ Retrans_ Max
4. Set Preamble Initial Power
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and
preamble transmission power
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2. Random Access ProcedureRACH
2. Random Access ProcedureRACH
6. If no Acquisition Indicator received for the corresponding signature in the
downlink access slot :
Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH sub-
channels within the given access service class (ASC)
Select a signature
Increase the Commanded Preamble Power
Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the Preamble
Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6. Otherwise exit the
physical random access procedure.
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2. Random Access Procedure
RACH
2. Random Access Procedure
RACH
7. If Negative Acquisition Indicator corresponding to the selected signature
is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected
uplink access slot, exit the physical random access procedure
8. If a Positive Acquisition Indicator corresponding to the selected signature
is detected, Transmit the random access message three or four uplink
access slots after the uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble
9. Exit physical random access procedure
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Thank You