Training on

Roads for Water and

Resilience

ROADS FOR INCLUSIVENESS

Feeder roads research project Local perceptions Wealth ranking Household activities, roads and

productivity Roads for water and for

inclusiveness

Outline3

4

Feeder roads research project

“Feeder roads development for inclusive productive employment.” Focus themes:

1. Employment generation in road development

2. Employment generation and changes in local economies

3. Impact of roadson their naturalenvironment

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Feeder roads research project

It is normally assumed that (feeder) roads reduce poverty associated with spatial isolation.

The effects - particularly short-term and long-term distributive impacts on low-income groups - are generally unqualified and unquantified.

Two Woredas:• Kilte Awlaelo (Wukro)• Raya Azebo

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7

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Local Perceptions

8 days, 2 teams, 80 testimonies

A positive bias? “the road is our bloodline” “roads lead to heaven”…

What other slower (+/-) changes are occurring, what is the role or roads?

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Local Perceptions

10

Local Perceptions

11

Local Perceptions

12

Local Perceptions

13

Wealth Ranking

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Wealth groups

Adi Kisandid

May Quiha

Hade Alga

Were Abaye

20% 20% 20% 20%

30%40%

30% 30%

50%40%

50% 50%

Rich Middle Poor

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Common indicators

Oxen Cows Don-keys

Sheep and

goats

Chicken Land man-

aged (in ha)

Savings (in birr

per year)

Food self-suf-ficiency

(in months

per year)

Rich 4.62499999999

999

7 3.125 28.125 12.125 2.34375 40625 15.5

Middle 4 3.375 1.375 9.875 8.375 1.40625 1675 6.875

Poor 0 0 0.25 2.75 5 0.21875 86 2.875

5%

25%

45%

65%

85%

Wealt

h d

istr

ibu

tion

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Livestock ownershipR

ich

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Adi Kisandid May Quiha Hade Alga Were Abaye

0

10

20

30

40

50

60Gap in amount of livestock owned

Sheep and goats

Donkeys

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Land managedR

ich

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Adi Kisandid May Quiha Hade Alga Were Abaye

1.25

0.630.25

1.88

1.25

0.38

3.50

2.75

0.00

2.75

1.00

0.25

Gap in amount of land managed (ha)

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Food self-sufficiencyR

ich

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Ric

h

Mid

dle

Poor

Adi Kisandid May Quiha Hade Alga Were Abaye

8

42

12

8

4

30

9

2.5

12

6.5

3

Gap in food self-sufficiency (months/year)

HH# 7, incl. parents Land managed: 4

ha, incl. own 1 ha 5 oxen, 5 cows, 10

goats, 2 donkeys, 10 chicken/bred

HH# 4, single mother

Land managed: 0 ha, so excl. own 1/3 ha

2 chicken/local

Two cases: household assets

Better-off household Household in poverty

(8 days, 1 team, 20 semi-structured interviews)

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Selling oxen, calves, goats, cow butter, chicken eggs

Selling sorghum, white teff, wheat and chickpea (20% of output

Selling chicken eggs Hairdressing (10

local customers/month)

PSNP work Occasional weeding

as a day-labourer

Self- and waged-employment

Better-off household Household in poverty

20

Sorghum, white teff, wheat and chickpea production (80%)

Milk, meat and egg production

Ploughing with own oxen, transporting with own donkeys, hiring day-labourers

Wheat and teff cultivated by sharecropper (1/3 of the output to the HH)

Better-off household Household in poverty

Self-sufficiency activities21

Transporting outputs from farm to markets

Getting day-labourers from town to farm

Attending meetings Transporting inputs

from market to farm Purchasing household

goods from market

Purchasing household goods from market

Collecting PSNP wages

Attending meetings

Better-off household Household in poverty

Time saved22

138 hours/year saved 55 hours/year saved

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Time saved

Traders come to purchase products at farm level, or vehicle transportation can be hired

Speed, distance and volume of transportation (viability of perishable crops)

So, roads imply mobility and access ➔ time-savings How is this extra time then utilized? Are HHs (incl. children) over- or underworked? Do HHs have the capacity to utilise the extra time

productively? What are changes in activities?

Beyond time saved

Cost savings when children attend school elsewhere (living costs in towns is a major cause for school drop-out)

Access to ambulance services and health care Strengthened social connections with other

areas and access to information Walking has become more comfortable

(although this varies per respondent) Etc…

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• Community mobilisation: How are people mobilized? Who contributes? How (financial, land, labour)? Who is employed in construction and in O&M?

• Community beneficiaries: Who benefits? (those close/far from road, those who manage the land, those with the capacity to irrigate) How do they benefit? (soil and water conservation, livestock watering, irrigation, employment)

• Participatory planning: Who plans? (leaders, stronger voices, CBOs (water committees, youth and women in tree planting) What are their interests? (link with ‘who benefits’)

Inclusive Roads for Water?

Supported by:

Developed by: