Training Course on the System of Environmental-Economic-Accounting for Water Resources (SEEAW) –New-York 13-17 Nov 2006

“Pilot Compilation of the SEEAW in China”

Session 6- Asset Accounts :•From the basic hydrological information to the asset

accounts•Water Infrastructures

Implementation of

Physical Water AccountsBy

Jean-Michel Chéné

UN-DESA-DSD

in collaboration with

Jean Margat

Objective

GLOBAL INFORMATION AND DEBATE

NATIONAL WATER POLICY

Decision Making

Reporting

Monitoring

InformationWater Accounts,

ModelsGIS, Evaluat.qual.

Measurements

Water Management

Integrated Analysis of policy needs

Implementation ofPhysical Water Accounts

1- Identification of needs and of the base line

2-International experiences

3-Implementation principles

4- Hydraulic Infrastructures Asset Account

5-Proposed next steps

6-Conclusions and recommendations

1- Identification of needs / Base lineThe lack of basic data and statistics, both qualitative and quantitative,

Constraints to overcome :

1. information is either not available or often scattered

2. observation networks have often deteriorated in many parts of the world over the past decade and, in most developing countries, databases are inadequate;

3. lack of financial and human resources, poor information sharing; 4. water resources data is often collected in isolation of other

relevant socioeconomic and environmental variables at the basin level;

5. data are collected and compiled using alternative definitions and classifications across the various data producers, thus rendering the existing datasets incomparable;

Data collection and processingUsually sources of data comes from :• monitoring by hydro-meteorological services;• observations made by science and research

institutes in the in the field of geography, geodesy and hydrology;

• regular survey of withdraws, consumption and discharges

• special household surveys • annual technical - economical report by basin,

regional, communal services….• Data per unit of production• Socio-economic data by economic unit• …………………………..IT…….

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF HYDRO DATA COMPILATION

Table Asset accounts Territory: Unit: hm3 Period:

Matrix of flux within the environment

Territory of Reference

Inland Water Resource System

Surface water(rivers, lakes, snow

ice and glaciers)

Soil water

Groundwater

Ret

urns

Sea

Abst

ract

ion

Economy

upstreambasins and

aquifersoutside

the territoryof reference

downstreambasins and

aquifersoutside

the territoryof reference

infiltration

Naturaltransfers

infiltration

Evap

o-tra

nspi

ratio

n

Sea

Atmosphere

Inflows

Prec

ipita

tion

Matrix of natural flux within the environment

Matrix of manmade induced flux within the environment

Matrix of flux within the Economy

Territory of Reference

Economy

Inland Water Resource System

Abst

ract

ion

Abst

ract

ion

Ret

urns

RoWEconomy

RoWEconomy

Exports

Sea

Evapo-transpirationR

etur

ns

Collection, purificationand distribution of water;

Transport via pipeline

Households

Other Industries(incl. Agriculture)

Imports

Sewage and refusedisposal...

Sea

Atmosphere

In situ use ofprecipitation

Abst

ract

ion

Ret

urns

Matrix of flux within the Economy

GPS, digitalization, GIS and classification of basic Infrastructures

Aggregation and exchange of data

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DISAGGREGATION

PROGRAMMATIC UNIT

NATIONALBASIN

Table1

Subject 1Table1

Subject 1.1Table1

Subject 1.1.1 Table1

Subject 1.1.1.1

2-International experiences

• Nordic countries

• Australia

• Developing countries

• France 1981

GERMANY 1995Water flow between nature and the economy, and

within the economy ,

Distribution

Production / consumption

Disposal

Discharge into nature

Foreign and rain water 5,273

Foreign and rain water

Ground , spring, and surface water , bank filtrate

Losses in water distribution

Evaporation and other losses

Waste water indirectly discharged

Waste water directly discharged

Waste water disposal

Water supply 1)

Other production

Final consumption of households

Exports less imports of water 8

Abstraction from nature 48,909

43,636

6,448 6,448

39,480 3,313

9,962

48,724 5,273 711 2,000

4,689 36,051

8

47 3,266 37,141 2,339

711

5,273

1,635 250 285

4,689

2,930

35,801

Differences in the sum totals are due to rounding of figures

mn m³

1,715

Water incorporation into less water removal from other materials

329

152

124

177

1) Collection, purification and distribution of water

MOLDOVA : HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM FLOW ACCOUNT 1994

INLAND WATER ACCOUNTS / RESOURCE ACCOUNTS IN RAW QUANTITIES

T2 - HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM FLOWS ACCOUNT (INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE)

YEAR : 1994 - COUNTRY : REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - UNIT : Mm³

T2A - TOTAL INPUT AND OUTPUT TO THE (FROM THE) HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM

w1 w2 w3 w4 w5Soil &

vegetationGroundwater Snow & ice

Lakes & reservoirs

Rivers

f11 13635,5 " 210,2 168,2 14013,9

f12 1100,0 9000,0 10100,0

f311 218,0 218,0

f312 81,1 1763,3 1844,4

f321 621,0 621,0

f23 A 310,0 2123,0 2453,0

D14256,5 1709,1 210,2 13054,5 29250,3

f23B 2367,5 65,5 20,0 2453,0

f34 264,5 2452,6 2717,1

f16 12723,3 415,9 332,8 13472,0

f131 1379,1 10000,0 11379,1

f132

E 12723,3 1643,6 415,9 12785,4 27568,2

F -834,3 -205,7 249,1 -770,9

G14256,5 1709,1 210,2 13054,5 29250,3

H 11889,0 1643,6 210,2 13034,5 26797,3

T2B - INTERNAL TRANFERS BETWEEN HYDROLOGICAL SUB-SYSTEMS

w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 f23B

to recipientSoil &

vegetationGroundwater Snow & ice

Lakes & reservoirs

RiversSPONTANEOU

S INTERNAL OUTPUT

w1 310,0 2057,5 2367,5

w2 " 65,5 65,5

w3

w4 " "

w5 " 20,0 20,0

f23 A 330,0 2123,0 2453,0SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL INPUT

TOTAL OUTPUT FROM THE WATER SYSTEM AND NET ACCUMULATION = (f23B + E + F)

TOTAL INPUT TO THE HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM

Irrigation

Natural outflows towards the sea

Natural outflows towards territories (regions, basins…)

Primary withdrawals (extraction…)

TOTAL

CHANGES IN STOCKS (NET ACCUMULATION OF WATER) = (H - E)

Soil & vegetation

from origin

Groundwater

Evapo-transpiration

GLOBAL AVAILABLE ANNUAL RESOURCE = (D - f23B)

Outside natural influents

SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL INPUT

WITHDRAWALS AND FINAL OUTPUT

Snow & ice

Lakes & reservoirs

Rivers

Returns of lost water (incl. leaks)

Returns of waste water

SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL OUTPUT

Precipitation

France’s Physical Water Account 1981

France’s Physical Water Account 1981

o

Pilot Water Accounting in a

sub-basin in Morocco

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN MOROCCO

Phase 1: (implemented)

• Identification Mission • National workshop – Training on WA• Pilot compilation of water resource accounts for one sub-

basin • Validation workshop with stakeholders

Phase 2: ( still not implemented)

• Resource mobilization …• Drafting of a guidance document (on-going)• Compilation of water resource accounts in the other

basins and integration of the accounts at the national level

• Preparation of a publication on the results of the project to be used as an example for other countries.

ENABLING INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Results on the pilot sub-basin• informational and methodological

difficulties were encountered, mainly on the monetary account.

• From a physical point of view, the SEEAW can, with a better intergovernmental coordination, be used for the compilation of the water accounts per basin. However, certain gaps in the data are observed related to the water quality, the ground water and to some assessments of water uses.

The regional workshop on Integrated Water Resource Accounting in Morocco was organized by the Government of Morocco and UNDESA (DSD- SD) has recommended :

• To expand the pilot compilation at the sub-basin level to the whole Oum-Er-Rbia river basin, and to extend, after validation at the national level, the water accounts to all river basins within Morocco, with the objective of establishing a national satellite water accounts to be obtained by aggregation;

• To take the necessary steps to institutionalize the National Committee for Water Accounts;

• That the Ministry in charge of Water recognizes the water accounts as an important and useful tool for the monitoring and integrated management of water resources in Morocco and establish the implementation of water accounting as a priority in future action programmes of River Basin Agencies, as well as in its own training and action-research programmes at the central level;

• To prepare, with the support of UNDESA a project on building capacity in the country to ensure the successful implementation of water accounts;

• To prepare a special study analyzing the institutional, technical and organizational issues for establishing water accounts by river-basin in the whole country;

• To establish water accounts within the regular programme of work of the government administrations, businesses or offices dealing with water, and in particular of regional administrations and River Basin Agencies.

3-Implementation PrinciplesSee the available paper on the

“implementation of physical water accounts” Asset accounts (flows and stocks) of :• water resources and its utilizations;and, on an indicative basis (in Annex 1),

• infrastructures.The following issues are addressed:

– Place of the water accounts in the water information system;– Methodological prerequisites; – Elaboration of measured accounting data;– Deduction of calculated accounting data;– Preparatory documentation;– Operation strategy and work organization;– Means called upon.

Methodological prerequisites• Reference territory – reference period –

accounting unit

• Two different type of data within tables :

Measured data (from independent sources)

Calculated data (dependent of previous data : summation, coefficients…)

Preparatory documentation• General geography and cartography

Total area of the reference territory / occupation of lands, General map with location of the main hydraulic infrastructures (dam reservoirs, in- outlets, diversion

canals) and main utilization areas (agglomerations, industries, irrigation and drainage perimeter, collectors etc.).

• Isohyetal maps (average annual rainfall) with the location of measurement stations, and possibly a map with rainfall data on the year of reference.

• Hydrographic mapWatercourses ranked by the average size of its trenches;Location of lakes and reservoirs;Location of possible humid zones;Location of discharge measurement stations (hydrometric) and of the sampling for the analysis.

• Climatologic maps• Hydro-geologic maps, with the representation of the main aquifer systems and classification of

the outcropped lithologic areas.• Soil maps showing the extension of cultivable land, grazing land and forest areas • Hydro-climatologic data• Hydrographic statistics• Hydrologic data• Hydrographic data• (Hydro-chemical data on the quality variables of water: for quality accounts)• Hydraulic data

– Characteristics of all relevant hydraulic infrastructures for water production Area of each reservoir (on average) or the relation between area and water level (graph) in case of significant variation; and table of average daily or monthly areas for the calculation of losses due to evaporation.

– Water volume of each reservoir at initial and final date.– Volumes of possible dam releases and losses by infiltration of each reservoir.

• Hydro-economic data on the ex-situ usage

Elaboration of “measured” accounting data

• Initial and final stock • Exterior input and output from the

environment• Internal transfers within the environment,

resulting from the dynamics of the resource system or induced by manmade arrangements,

• Exchanges between the environment and the economy

• Internal transfers between different categories of economical entities

Deduction of “calculated” accounting dataExamples :1) By summation - examples :

– the stocks of soil water and of groundwater are calculated using water balances;

– precipitation of soil water calculated by difference – the transfers of soil water to rivers and to

groundwater. – Exchanges between the environment and the

economy deducted from the “measured” data from the ad hoc rows in Supply and Use Tables

2) By Use of coefficients to get “calculated” data from “observed” data.

Example of table of coefficients

Operation strategy and work organization

1. Preparatory documentation, 2. Elaboration of the “measured data” and the ad hoc

filling in of the different tables and matrixes.3. Calculation of the “calculated data” 4. Summation of the water use and water supply tables5. Final calculation into table 1: “Asset accounts (water

resources stock; inflow-outflowSoil water evapotranspiration = Precipitation – Transfer to

rivers and groundwater6. Verification and adjustment of the general equilibrium of

each accounting table. Difficulties in creating an equilibrium can raise doubts on the validity of certain data and lead to a revision of the figures and may require to go back to the sources.

Means called upon.• Political will

• Institutional environment

• Experimental stage. • Legal environment• Human resources• An adequate level of subsidiarity. • Adequate educational programs must be conceived• Communication

• Distribution of the resultsThe same tool can also be used to perform long-term simulations on the basis

of collectively chosen scenarios.

• Financial means and sustainability

• Monitoring and evaluation

4-Infrastructures Asset AccountSchematic presentation of the proposed hydraulic infrastructure asset

account for each type of infrastructure and group of age (residual value / monetary account) :

Ex of groups of age : 0-5 ; 6-10 ; 11-25 ; 26- infinity

Stock age group XFunctional units

New Infrastructures

Rehabilitation of infrastructure

Breaking down of infrastructure

Stock age group XDysfunctional units

Other increase of infrastructure

Abandoning of

infrastructure

Other decrease of infrastructure

Abandonin

g of infrastructure

Other increase of infrastructure

Other decrease of infrastructure

benefits of building an hydraulic infrastructure asset account

Especially evident for developing countries (MDG) . Example of indicators that can be derived from this new kind of asset table :

• progress in number of population having effectively access to safe water supply (geographic distribution of this indicator and mapping)

• progress in number of population having effectively access to basic sanitation (geographic distribution of this indicator and mapping)

• above progress of impacts in relation with quality of maintenance and services

• progress in water quality in relation with the stock of operational waste

water treatment stations ---> policy monitoring• Progress in water use efficiency / new hydraulic infrastructures

• evolution of the value of the stock of each type of infrastructures versus costs of investments versus economic, social and environmental impacts.

• One key basis for measuring progress towards SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

5- Proposed next steps

Recent recommendations of CSD-13 (04-2005) :

“…develop and strengthen national monitoring systems

• Establishing and managing water information systems;

• Installing networks for monitoring water resources and quality;

• Standardizing methodologies and developing monitoring indicators;

• Disseminating information to relevant stakeholders.”

5- Proposed next steps1- Technical Cooperation arrangements : at the request of the Gvt

an advisory mission of DSD can be organized.

2- Drafting of a UN guidance document on implementation in practice.

The document will provide hands-on guidance on how to compile the accounts on the basis of the experience gained in the compilation of the accounts for some pilot sub-basins. The document would serve as a training tool for the compilation of the accounts in the other basins of the voluntary country, with the support of existing institutions, institutes and organizations, at all levels, including basin agencies when available.

It could be used later on as a training tool between developing countries (South-South cooperation) within an UN framework.

6 Conclusions and recommendations

• Integrated water accounts, when disaggregated and when expanded (infrastructures, social and environmental dimensions) should constitute a central and powerful part of a national integrated water information system.

• Within a national policy and strategy, effective decisions and

actions for sustainable water development and management can mainly be conducted at the district and main river-basin levels within a country. This calls for the collection of data, and use of water accounts, at those basin levels, with participation of several administrations and contribution of generally fragmented databases.

• The regular use of GIS and of scientific hydro-system modeling (updated each 5 years) can be a necessity, as well as targeted researches on distributed “coefficients”.

• Simulation of futur development scenari by using the structure of water accounts could be easily explored, when built and reliable.