tracking radar

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INTRODUCTION


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What is a RADAR

TRACKER?A radar trackeris a component of a radarsystem, or an associated command and control(C2) system, that associates consecutive radar

observations of the same target into tracks. It isparticularly useful when the radar system isreporting data from several different targetsorwhen it is necessary to combine the data from

several different radars or other sensors.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_(navigation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_(navigation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar


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one that follows automatically a single

target so as to determine its trajectory


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What is a Continuous Wave

Radar?

Continuous-wave radaris a type of radar

system where a known stable frequency

continuous-waveradioenergy is transmitted

and then received from any reflecting objects.

Continuous-wave (CW) radar uses Doppler,

which renders the radar immune to

interference from large stationary objects andslow moving clutter.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_radarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutter_(radar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutter_(radar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_radarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar


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RADAR TRACKER


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A radar track will typically contain the following

information

Position (in two or three dimensions)

Heading

Speed

Unique track number


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In addition, and depending on the application or

tracker sophistication, the track will also include:

Civilian SSRModes A, C, S information

Military IFFModes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 information

Call sign information

Track reliability or uncertainty information
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_surveillance_radarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_Friend_or_Foehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_Friend_or_Foehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_surveillance_radar


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There are many different mathematical

algorithms used for implementing a radar

tracker, of varying levels of sophistication.

However, they all perform steps similar to the

following every time the radar updates:

Associate a radar plot with an existing track

(plot to track association)

Update the track with this latest plot (track

smoothing)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_tracker


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Spawn new tracks with any plots that are not

associated with existing tracks (track

initiation)

Delete any tracks that have not been updated,

or predict their new location based on the

previous heading and speed (track

maintenance)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_trackerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_tracker


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Plot to track association

In this step of the processing, the radar trackerseeks to determine which plots should be used toupdate which tracks.

the first step in the process is to update all of theexisting tracks to the current time by predictingtheir new position based on the most recent stateestimate (e.g. position, heading, speed,

acceleration, etc.) and the assumed target motionmodel (e.g. constant velocity, constantacceleration, etc.).


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Track initiation

Track initiation is the process of creating a

new radar track from an unassociated radar

plot. When the tracker is first switched on, all

the initial radar plots are used to create new

tracks, but once the tracker is running, only

those plots that couldn't be used to update an

existing track are used to spawn new tracks.


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Track maintenance

Track maintenance is the process in which adecision is made about whether to end the life ofa track. If a track was not associated with a plot

during the plot to track association phase, thenthere is a chance that the target may no longerexist (for instance, an aircraft may have landed orflown out of radar cover). Alternatively, however,

there is a chance that the radar may have justfailed to see the target at that update, but willfind it again on the next update


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Track smoothing

In this important step, the latest track

prediction is combined with the associated

plot to provide a new, improved estimate of

the target state as well as a revised estimate

of the errors in this prediction. There is a wide

variety of algorithms, of differing complexity

and computational load, that can be used forthis process.


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Alpha-beta tracker

Kalman filter

Multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) Interacting multiple model (IMM)


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FIELD APPLICATIONS


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MILITARY APPLICATIONS

- They use tracking radars in surveillance

missions and also in missile tracking system

ANIMAL MIGRATION TRACKING

Most commonly used with migrating birds In Wildlife, they use tracking radar to keep track of

endangered species

tracking radar

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