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PAHs concentrations summed and expressed as benzo[a]pyreneequivalents (BaEq), using toxic equivalency factors, exceed thelimit recommend by UK (0.25 ng/m3).

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.906

Abstracts / Toxicology L

ow analysis, and (6) international regulatory framework. Prelim-nary results estimated that PBDEs released at the end of life ofroducts might range from 5.6 tons in 1997 to 457.5 tons in 2008ith a mean yearly value of 237.40 tons for the period 1996–2009.

oi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.903

304-003lectronic wastes diagnosis and mass flow analysis in Mexico

. Gavilán-García 1, L. Cedillo-Becerril 1, G. Román-Moguel 2, E.antos-Santos 3

Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Mexico, 2 Centro Interdisciplinario denvestigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo,nstituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, 3 Facultad de Química, UNAM,

exico

ne of the productive sectors that has come in to public and author-ties concern is the one related to the production and generationf electronic wastes (e-wastes), due to the incredible growth ofhis economic sector and the presence of toxic chemicals in mostf the products such as: polybrominated flame retardants, heavyetals (lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, cadmium and beryl-

ium alloys). Since the second half of the 90s decade, the Mexicanlectronic industry has grown quite a lot, getting in one of the mostmportant sectors in the national manufacturing sector. Some ofhe main indicators on production and consumption indicate thathe Mexican cell phone market has grown from 0.7 users of each00 habitants in 1994 to a number of 50 users of each 100 habitants

n 2006. In Mexico, there has not been developed any research inife cycle assessment on electronic wastes from end of life productsnd from the production of electric and electronic equipment. Forhis reason, specific governmental policies on the management ofhis sort of wastes have not been developed. The aim of this studys to make an inventory of e-wastes in Mexico as well as a regionalnventory developed through surveys lifted in the City of Monterreyn order to develop a general guide for management that consid-rs the national reality, including the evaluation of managementechnologies that could be used as alternatives for the amount oflectronic wastes disposed inadequately at the end of their life.

oi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.904

304-004oxicological profile by Jatropha curcas L.

. Barahona, P. Díaz, V. Castellano, A. Anadón

Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

atropha curcas L., a multipurpose, drought-resistant perennialhrub belonging to family Euphorbiaceae, native to South Americand widely distributed in tropic and sub-tropic regions that growsven in the marginal and poor soil, has acquired significant eco-omic importance for its seed oil (35%) which can be converted

nto biodiesel. The deoiled seed cake after oil extraction is toxicnd cannot be used as feed despite having best nutritional con-ents. The toxicological profile of this plant is presented. The mainoxic components that have been isolated from the different parts

f the plant are: (1) Curcine: lectin or toxoalbumine mainly foundn seed. It is a type I Ribosome Inactivating Protein single chainrotein. The most important damage associated to lectins intake

s gastroenteritis. The main interest in lectins has been to developnti-tumoral drugs. (2) Phorbol esters: 2–3 mg/g to 2–4 mg/g in oil

196S (2010) S37–S351 S287

in the different varieties. To date six phorbol esters have been iso-lated from this plant. They are diterpenes or anphiphilic moleculesthat can be bound to the phospholipids membrane receptor andcan act as a kinase protein activator (PKC), involved in the signaltransmission which provokes cellular proliferation. They show tox-icological effects even at very low concentration in experimentalanimals fed with diets containing them. (3) Some other toxic com-ponents identified in J. curcas L. are: jatrophine (an alkaloid) andcurcaine (a peptidase), both isolated from the latex. Many cases ofpoisoning with the physic nut (J. curcas L.) are reported in the lit-erature. Seed contains the highest concentration of fitotoxins. Thisstudy provides valuable information of toxicological properties ofJ. curcas L. for its risk assessment as an alternative to petro-diesel.

Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by ProjectsNo. CCG07-UCM/AGR-2618 & Consolider Fun-C-Food No. CSD2007-063 (MEC), Spain.

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.905

P304-005PM2.5-bounded PAHS from two zones of the MetropolitanArea of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

L. Garza-Ocanas, H. Garza-Ulloa, O. Gonzalez-Santiago, R.Lujan-Rangel, C.T. Badillo-Castaneda

Fac de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Introduction: Mechanism of toxicity of PM is unknown, but its lowersize (PM2.5) and chemical composition are important factors fordevelopment of adverse health effects. Among its chemical compo-sition the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are importantcandidate for toxicity of PM2.5.

The aim of this study was to quantify PAHs associated to PM2.5in a potential industrial zone (Z1) and a high traffic vehicular zone(Z2) of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Material and method: PM2.5 samples were collected each 6 days,during one year period, with high-volume samplers operating at1.1 m3/min for 24 h. The method for the PAHs quantification wasvalidated according to US-EPA method 8000B; Rev.2 1996 (38). Sta-tistical analysis was made using a randomized block design andSPSS program version 10.

Results: A total of 117 samples were collected. The annual aver-age limit for PM2.5 (15 �g/m3) set up by Mexican Law (NOM 035)was exceeded in both zones: 26.63 �g/m3 (Z1) and 29.52 �g/m3

(Z2). Benzo(a)antracene, Chrisene, Benzo(b)Fluorantene,Benzo(k)Fluorantene, Benzo(a)Pireno and Benzo(ghi)Perilenowere detected throughout sampling period and quantified inmonths of Autumn–Winter. The most abundant PAHs duringsampling period was Benzo(ghi)Perileno, which is a marker forgasoline exhaust emissions, followed by Benzo(a)Pireno. Althoughthere is no concentration limit for PAHs in Mexico, our results of