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URBAN POOR POLICIES N SCHEMESPresented by ANUSH SU08CE031Faculty Advisors:

Dr.Mecwan

Dr.K.A.Chauhan

The Height of poverty in urban areas has some what started pestering in the present scenario.Income generation in addressing urban poverty has long been seen as critical by the govt.Better housing and infrastructure services surely improve health and reduce expenditure on home based employment.Experiences to date have shown that for poverty related interventions to be successful, they need to be both affordable and inclusive of many different groups within urban poor communities. This quest for the Urban Poverty Alleviation brings rise to some basic Urban poor Planning policies and poverty alleviation programmes like RAYs IHUPs. And JNNURM etc. IntroductionBroad indications suggest that poverty in urban areas is both increasing and changing in natureThe need for improvements is immense: in 1992, it was estimated that some 5 -10 million urban dwellers throughoutNewer groups who join the urban poor do have adequate access to services For most, housing , infrastructure and services remain inadequate. As a consequence of these past inadequacies and a present lack of investment, most urban poor lack public provision in the areas of water, sanitation, garbage collection and comprehensive health and education services.

Urban Poverty: The Context

Eradication of poverty in India is generally only considered to be a long-term goal. Poverty alleviation is expected to make better progress in the next 50 years than in the past, as a trickle-down effect of the growing middle class. Increasing stress on education, reservation of seats in government jobs for economically weaker sections of society would surely contribute to the alleviation of poor. It is incorrect to say that all poverty reduction programmes have failed. The growth of the middle class indicates that economic prosperity has indeed been very impressive in India, but the distribution of wealth is not at all even.After the liberalization process and moving away from the socialist model, India is adding 60 to 70 million people to its middle class every year.

Outlook for poverty alleviation

First Five Year Plan(1951-56), the emphasis was given on institution building and on construction of houses for Government employees and weaker sections. Second Plan(1956-61),The scope of housing programme for the poor was expanded .. Three new schemes were introduced, namely, Rural Housing, Slum Clearance and Sweepers HousingThird Plan(1961-66), A Scheme was introduced in 1959 to give loans to State Govts. for a period of 10 years for acquisition and development of land in order to make available building sites for the poor in sufficient numbers.Fourth Plan(1969-74). A scheme with a view to provide a minimum level of services, like, water supply, sewerage, drainage was introducedFifth Plan(1974-79) The Urban Land (Ceiling & Regulation) Act was enacted to prevent concentration of land holding in urban areas

Housing and Urban Poor Planning Policy in India

Sixth Plan(1980-85) was on integrated provision of services along with shelter

Seventh Plan(1985-90) The Seventh Plan explicitly recognised the problems of the urban poor and for the first time an Urban Poverty Alleviation Scheme known as Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) was launched.

Eighth Plan(1992-97) for the first time explicitly recognized the role and importance of urban sector for the national economy. It identified issues like widening gap between demand and supply of infrastructural services badly hitting the poor, whose access to the basic services like drinking water, sanitation, education and basic health services is shrinking. The response of the Plan to this scenario was the launching of Urban Poverty and Alleviation Programme of Nehru Rojgar Yojana (NRY)

Housing and Urban Poor Planning Policy in IndiaSCHEME OF INTEREST SUBSIDY FOR HOUSING THE URBAN POOR (ISHUP) The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MH&UPA) Government of India has designed an Interest Subsidy Scheme as an additional instrument for addressing the housing needs of the EWS/LIG segments in urban areas.Purpose- The Scheme envisages the provision of interest subsidy to EWS and LIG segments ,who do not have any pucca house in their name ,to enable them to buy or construct houses.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION SCHEMES

Eligibility - The economic parameter of EWS is defined as households having an average monthly income upto Rs.3,300 and the economic parameter of LIG is defined as households having an average monthly income between Rs.3,301 upto Rs.7,300. This will be subject to revision by the Steering Committee of the Scheme from time to time. Loan amount admissible - The scheme will provide a subsidized loan for 15 20 years for a maximum amount of Rs.1,00,000 for an EWS individual for a house at least of 25 sq.mts. Additional loans, if needed would be at unsubsidized rates.

Loan Limit - A maximum loan amount of Rs.1,60,000 for a LIG individual for a house at least of 40 sq.mts will be admissible. However, subsidy will be given for loan amount upto Rs. 1 lakh only. Additional loans, if needed would be at unsubsidized rates.POVERTY ALLEVIATION SCHEMES RAJIV AWAS YOJANA (RAYs)

Purpose-Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) for the slum dwellers and the urban poor envisages a Slum-free India through encouraging States/Union Territories to tackle the problem of slums in a definitive manner. It calls for a multi-pronged approach focusing on:

Bringing existing slums within the formal system and enabling them to avail of the same level of basic amenities as the rest of the townRedressing the failures of the formal system that lie behind the creation of slumsTackling the shortages of urban land and housing that keep shelter out of reach of the urban poor and force them to resort to extra-legal solutions in a bid to retain their sources of livelihood and employment.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION SCHEMES Planning MethodologyThe preparation of Slum-free City Plan will broadly involve Slum Redevelopment/Rehabilitation Plans based on :Survey of all slums notified and non-notified; Mapping of slums using the state-of-art technology; Integration of geo-spatial and socio-economic data; Identification of development model proposed for each slum

The following steps as shown in the diagram are followed during the planning

RAJIV AWAS YOJANA (RAYs)

The need for the Immidiete Poverty alleviation programmes has so much created a revolution in todays scenario that the number of slum dwellers are reducing day by day.Thanks to the present state of art Urban Poor planning policies and many schemes that such a feat has been achieved.It requires a critical look at the Urban Planning policies and mechanisms from the perspective of the poor.The quest for more slum cutting is in the run. For that it requires assessing the needs and aspirations of the urban poor for bringing them into planning mechanisms. It requires pro-poor planning and governance requires creation of new institutional structures, new sectoral priorities and flexible land use planning systems.Thus duly considering the above policies , A slum free city is achievable.

CONCLUSION

Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation Government of IndiaInterest Subsidy for Housing the Urban Poor - GuidelinesRajiv Awas Yojana : Guidelines for Slum-free City PlanningMinistry of Urban Development- www.urbanindia.nic.in Wikipedia - www.wikipedia.comAlbee, A. & Gamage, N. (1996) Our Money; Our Movement (London, IT Publications). Patel, S. (1996) SPARC and its work with the National Slum Dwellers Federation India IIED Paper Series on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas (London, IIED).

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