total surface area of earth 5.1 10 14 m 2 land 25% 1.3 10 14 m 2 13,000 mha 11% 5,500 mha (1...
TRANSCRIPT
Total surface area of earth 5.1 1014 m2
Land 25% 1.3 1014 m2 13,000 Mha 11% 5,500 Mha(1 hm = 102 m; 1 ha = 1 hm2 = 104
m2)
A rab lelan d11 %
(1 .4 4 b illio nhec ta re s)
O the r land33 %
(4 .3 5 b illio nhec ta re s)
a
F orest and w ood land30 %
(3 .8 9 b illio nhec ta re s)
P e rm an en tm eado w s & p astu re s
26 %(3 .3 6 b illio n
hec ta re s)
17 % o f a rab le landis irriga ted(2 40 m illion h ec tare s)
The Earth's LandTotal Area: 13 Billion Hectares
a"Other land" includes barren and developed land.
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization
from Committee for the National Institute for theEnvironment
http://www.cnie.org/pop/conserving/landuse2.htm
Chlordane
ChlordaneFormula: C10H6Cl8
MW: 406 CAS#: 57-74-9 NIST#: 118984
Synonyms: 1. 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro- 2. 4,7-Methanoindan, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- 3. Belt 4. Chlor Kil 5. Chlordan 6. Chlorindan 7. Corodane 8. Cortilan-neu 9. CD 6810. Dichlorochlordene11. Dowchlor12. ENT-993213. HCS 326014. Kypchlor15. M 14016. Octa-Klor17. Octachlor18. Octachloro-4,7-methanotetrahydroindane19. Oktaterr20. Ortho-Klor21. Synklor22. Tat Chlor 423. Toxichlor24. Velsicol 106825. 106826. .gamma.-Chlordane27. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindan28. .gamma.-Chlordan29. Chloordaan30. Chlor kill31. Chlorodane32. Clordan
33. Ent-25,552-x34. ENT-9,93235. M 41036. Niran37. NCI-C0009938. Octachloro-4,7-methanohydroindane39. Octachlorodihydrodicyclopentadiene40. Shell sd-553241. SD 553242. Topiclor43. 1,2,4,5,6,7,10,10-Octachloro-4,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4,7-methyleneindane44. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-endo-methano-indaan45. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachlor-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-endo-methano-indan46. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan47. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene48. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methylene indane49. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane50. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindane51. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Ottochloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetraidro-4,7-endo-metano-indano52. Aspon-chlordane53. Chlortox54. Clordano55. Kilex lindane56. Latka 106857. NA 276258. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octahydro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan59. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachlor-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindane60. 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene61. OMS 143762. Rcra waste number U03663. Starchlor64. Unexan-koeder65. Termi-ded66. Topichlor 2067. Topiclor 2068. Steraskin69. 1068 Steral70. Intox
Widespread use of DDT led to a decrease in many species at the top of the food chain, especially birds of prey that feed mainly on fish.
A correlation was observed between decreased number of young and concentration of DDT and degradation products in eggs that did not hatch; also between DDT/degradation product levels and broken and thinner-than-normal shells.
The table above shows data for the brown pelican population of coastal southern California and northern Baja. A DDT manufacturing plant in Los Angeles had been releasing its effluent into the ocean. In 1970, the outlet was diverted to a landfill, after which the pelicans fared much better.
Bailey, Clark, Ferris, Krause and Strong, “Chemistry of the Environment,” second edition (San Diego: Academic Press) 2002.