'44

UNIT

page 5

page 19

page 33

page 47

page 51

page 75

page 89

page 1o3

page 777

1 #page 131

LESSON r

Grammar: quest ion tagsCan do: check information

Grammar: futu res overviewVocabulary: verb phrases about workCan do: talk about future plans and makepredict io ns

Grammar: narrat lve tensesVocabutary: t ime expressionsCan do: wri te a short story

Grammar: i f structures (r)Can do: rvr i te a diary entry

Grammar: used to/get used to/would

Vocabutary: appearance

Can do: descr ibe appearance

Grammar: Present Per fect Simple andCon t i n uousVocabutary: adjectives with -ed and -ing

end ings

Can do: wr i te an in formal emai l

Grammar: countable and uncountable nouns

Vocabulary: food and cooking

Can do: descr ibe how to prepare and cook a

d i sh

Grammar: lt's time/lA rather/'d better

Vocabulary: describin g personality

Can do: descr ibe d i f ferent types of people

Grammar: sequencing devices. e.g. After + -ing

Vocabulary: law and insurance

Can do: te[[ a funny story

Grammar: ref lex ive pronouns

Can do: ask about and g ive your own bel ie fs

a n d o p i n l o n s

LESSON z

Grammar: a ny /ev e ry /n o /so m eVocabulary: making adiectives from nounsCan do: express agreement /d isagreement

Grammar: Future Perfect and Future ContinuousVocabulary:'after work' activit iesCan do: do a survey and repor t the resul ts

Grammar: ar t ic lesVocabulary: materialsCan do: ta lk about mater ia ls , possessions andinvent io ns

Grammar: expressing obl igat ionVocabulary: physicaI movementsCan do: expla in how to do something

Grammar: expressing abil ityCan do: ta lk about memor ies

Grammar: ouest ionsVocabulary: weatherCan do: ask and answer ouest ions about unusualolaces

Grammar: oassivesVocabulary: verb phrases about moneyCan do: wri te a forma[ let ter of comolaint

Grammar: repor ted speechVocabulary: ad jectives and intensifi ersCan do: repor t and descr ibe what people say to you

Grammar: past modals of deduction must/might/can't hove doneVocabulary: com pou nd adjectivesCan do: speculate about past events

Grammar: gerunds and inf in i t ives

Vocabulary: advertisin g

Can do: wr i te the arguments for and against a point

of v iew

*a.-V

6

=€

*

Grammar: adjectives and adverbsVocabulary: verb phrases with takeCan do: give a presentation about a place

Grammar: emphasisVocabulary: phrasal verbs with oufCan do: compare and contrast photographs

Gram mar: o lth o ug h tb ut h oweve r/n ev e rth e le ssVocabulary: feelingsCan do: talk about books

Grammar: making com parisonsVocabutary: verb ph rases abo ut movin g/travettin gCan do: make comparisons about places and people

Grammar: have/get something doneVocabulary: animal expressionsCan do: talk about services

Grammar: hard and hardlyCan do: write a report of survey findings

Grammar: retative clausesCan do: write an article

Grammar: f structures (z)Vocabulary: speakingCan do: talk about your regrets and resolutions

COMMUNICATION

Your family history Good relationsPhrasaI verbs(retat ionships)

Col locat ions wi thpreposi t ions

Mak ing nouns

Distances andd imens ions

ld ioms describingpeople

Expressionswith go

Commonly misspeltworos

The best candidate Dream career

Lessons from history Film heroes

Take a risk Ellen MacArthur

Time capsule Home Road Movie

Travell ing

companronsBhutan

Prefixes Can I help you? Vik ings

Phrasalverbs wi th Radio ohone- inthree'parts

Newspaperheadl ines

Secrets of success

Mind benders Bul l ion Robbery

How does your mind Yes Prime Ministerwork?

1 Read the text and match the parts of speecha-[ below to each underlined word or phrase.

tI ccording to 1) the ancient Greek historian

7 A I Herodotus. lt in the 7th century ec7 -,\ the king of Egypt, Psamtik 1, decidedto conduct a lt scientific experiment. Using hisabsolute power over his subjects, a) he took twonex'born babies and handed them to a shepherd,u'ith instructions that they were to be 5) broughtqp in total isolarion. Most importantly, no-one\\-as to speak in the babies'presence. Psamtiks'anted to find out what language the children*'ould speak if left to themselves. He thought thatthe language they produced would be the 6) oldestin the world - the original language of the humanrace. After two years, the shepherd heard the twochildren 7) repeatedly pronounce the word'becos'.This was identified as meaning 8) 'bread'in thelanguage of the Phrygians, a people then livingin central Turkey. From this experiment, Psamtikdeduced that the Phrygian language e) must be thefirst ever spoken. Nobody now believes Psamtik's10) conclusion - a few commentators suggest thatthe infants 11)were imitating the sound of theshepherd's sheep, but no-one since 12) has had anybetter success in discovering what man's very firstspoken language was like.

a) Present Perfectb) Past Cont inuousc) uncountable nound) phrasaI verbe) article

0 preposit ion

d countable noun

h) superlativei) adjectivej) adverbk) pronoun

l) modalverb

Complete the word maps with words/phrases from the box below.

do aerobics souvenir appl icat ion formsense of humour tal<e up a hobbybe promoted go sightseeing father- in- law

?: Underl ine the main stress in each word/phrase.

* Add three more words to each word map.

4 a Look at the dictionary extract below from theLongman Active Study Dictionary. What does ittel l you about each of the fol lowing: grammar,pronunciation and meaning?

sen.si.ble /sensebel/ adl t showing good judgement:

a sensible decision z suitable for a particularpurpose, especially a practical one: senslb/e clothes- sensiblY adv

'fu Complete the dictionary extracts below by

writ ing a definit ion for each one.r re.tire lrrtatel v[11

f'r! liitt: tr: st:ii:t l.rti-rtrt: i";;; ;j+

z a.broad le'brctdl adv

_: Did you go abroad for your last hol iday?

3 get on with sb phr v lTlI get on we[[ with both my sisters.

a pitch lptt[l nlC]The players ran out onto the pitch.

{.i Now compare your definitions with thedefinit ions in a dict ionary.

i.$ Add the words/phrases above to the wordmaps in Ex. 3a.

s>!-)

2 Find the grammar mistake in each sentence.1

2

3

They've been to Brazil last year.This cathedrat bui t t in r59o.She's the person what told me I should studyeconomics at university.I was reading in my room when I was hearinga loud crash downstairs.My grades this year are a lot worst than [astyear unfortunately.You work for lBM, aren't you?

lf I'11 have time, l '11 paint my bedroom thisweekend.Can I give you a small advice?He's always wanted to be teacher.

8

9

6

7

orts and

fu*m,d-$sb3 Look at the photos. Who are the people? How do you think they are

con nected?

ff i r . What is the di f ference in meaning between the words in eachpair below? Use a dict ionary i f necessary.

r step-sister/hal f-s isterz co l league/acqua in tance

3 sou lmate /c lose f r iend

4 partner/wife

Read the sentences. What do the phrases in i tal ics mean.

I don't think I made a very good first impression on your parents.They didn' t seem very interested in me.The f i rst t ime we met, we just c l icked. l t was amazing. We startedgoing out soon after.

3 We have o lot in common. Of course, we both work for the samecompany but we also l ike doing lots of the same kinds of thingsoutside of work.

4 My sister and I don't really see eye to eye on much. We've alwaysargued - even as chi tdren.

s She thinks about things in the same way as me. I reat ly feel on thesame wavelength as her.

Discuss.

Who are the people you feel you have most in common with? Do youalways feel on the same wavetength? Why/Why not?

Rea*ing1 * Discuss. What are three important

characterist ics of a 'good fr iend'?

fu Read the text. Does it refer toany characterist ics you thought of?

$n ai.erage e&*ll $srs**? *:fig#$ ffi*? ffiH!*s:t3$ 3fi3 tvi€nds il! tlt*f;!'*tt$- $ili 0nly sitr *l tlt*E:: sE$t &* $s-e$e {ili#std$E Ei'E sarFiefr l}Ht s $t#fte$surtjsy l0 litt$ *lEt F€l:*t *ssffift#$ tr -#€,** lrisfi$:

A fr iend should be there for you al l the t ime, not just when theywant to be. They wi l l keep in touch even though you may be farapart . Some of my closest f r iends l ive abroad but i t doesn't real lymake a lot of difference.Maciek, 19, Poland

To me a good fr iend is someone who you have a lot in commonwith. You can share your bel iefs and passions with them. l 'm verylucky as I have three or four people l ike that but I 'm st i l l looking formy soulmate.Haruki , 25, Japan

I think a good fr iend is somebody who you can trust and tel l secrets to.They wi l l never l re to you. l f I ever found out that a fr iend of mine hadl ied to me, I know I couldn' t be fr iends with them anymore.Emily, 14, Br i tain

I think that a true fr iend is someone who you can feel completelycomfortable with and you don't have to make yourself into someoneyou're not. They should accept you for who you are and not try tochange you,Mercedes, 31, Spain

I don' t think you need to have known someone for ages for them to bea real ly good fr iend. But I do think that they should be there when youfeel down or whenever you real ly need them.Rachel, L5, New Zealand

A good fr iend is someone who l istens to you but, at the same t ime,doesn't just agree with everything you say. They should def ini tely tel lyou i f they think you're making a mistake al though that can be hard.Debbie, 23, South Africa

I think you know someone wi l l be a real ly good fr iend as soon as youmeet them. You just c l ick straightaway. Then, the most importantthing is trust. You have to know they wi l l a lways look out for you andbe totally loyal to you.Stefano, 21, ltaly

I t 's someone who is kind, has a good sense of humour, someone whoforgives easi ly! Sometimes I 'm not very nice to my best fr iend but sheknows I don' t mean i t , so she doesn't mind real ly.Lanza, 16, USA

For me to call someone a really good friend, we have to see eye to eyeon most things. I don' t need to have contact al l the t ime but, when Ido, I def ini tely want to feel we're on the same wavelength.Mick, 35, l reland

I Read the text again and f indwho has the fol lowing views.

A good fr iend:

r f inds the same thingsfunny that you do

z is simi lar to you

3 doesn't want you to bedifferent

4 doesn't always say thatyou are r ight

5 supports you when youfeel miserable or upset

6 doesn't onty support youwhen i t 's convenient forthem

7 is atways on your side8 won't tet l other peopte

your secrets

Discuss.

r Which views from the textdo you have?

z Do you think peopte tookfor different things infr iends as they get older? l fso, why and how?

3 Have you ever fal len outwith a good fr iend? Whathappened?

3

iting4 Discuss. When do you wri te or get notes/

messages?

5 a Look at these notes and messages anddec ide wh ich one is :

r making an apologyz enclosed with something else

3 trying to rearrange an appointment

4 reminding someone to do something

5 passing on a message from somebody else

h Read them again and decide who might havewritten each one: a) wife, b) friend, c) flatmate,d) work colleague, e) brother.

Ten? Reb lt som +a14ed ab,oqt temrte.

!R'r,,aA*.^ = ak?llotzzd 623 625

e Which wordshave been left out inthe notes/messagesabove? They aremarl<ed with*.

* Message E is atext message. Whatdo the abbreviatedwords, e.g. 'r '

mean?

This is the 6ookl war lel l ing yov about*Hope you l ike i f . (Mvm anA Dad AiA!)

Vijay

st Listen to three answerphonemessages. What is the purpose of each one?

b Listen again and make notes of theimportant information. Then, write a briefmessage to each person using your notes.

Read the fol lowing statements and tel l otherstudents which ones you agree with and why.. l t 's important to hold on to your good fr iends.. Having one very close fr iend is the most

important thing.. New fr iends wil l replace old fr iends.. Family are always more important than fr iends.

Listen to Harry and Fiona talking abouttheir ideas of fr iends and fr iendship. Which ofthe views from Ex. 7 does Harry have?

Listen again. Make notes about the people theytalk about and how they are signif icant.Angelina - Fiono's best friend at school

Discuss. ls your situation with your fr iendsmore like Harry's or Fiona's? In what ways?

Lifelong learning

Getting odvice

Which of your fr iends or family speak Englishbetter than you do? What did they do to reachthis level of English? Find out and see if any oftheir strategies might help you.

6

,l

I

ml: S

1 0

J u l i e ,

lunch?

Al i stoi r

Gra ar: I question tags

11 a Complete the examptes in the Activegrammar box with the missing auxit iary verb,e.g. is, don't, etc.

Active grammar (1)

e*, Complete the examples r-5 in the Activegrammar box.

Active grammar (2)

t l'm too late, _ l?

z Help yourself to a coffee, _ you?

3 Let's get o sand h, _ we?

4 You never go to the theotre, _ you?

5 Nothing went ng today, _ it7

6 Nobody has complained, _ they?

A The question tag for I am isAfter imperatives we often use theguestion tag _ to invite people todo things.

After [ef's we use the question tag

After negative words like never, no,hordly, etc. we use a positive/negativequestion tag.

After nothing we use it/thev in questiontags.

F After nobody, somebody, etc. we use j!/thevin quest ion tags.

. . 1 : : i r r : i . : ; I : : r r r t , : 1 1 . , : r . r - i : . , r , r - r r : r r : r , : . r : t t , : i r i i r ; t r t : U , , : i l i : t i i : t l i :

Es Refer to the examples r-6 and complete therules A-F in the Active grammar box.

see Reference page rZ

14 a Complete the sentences.r She's gett ing very ta[[, _?.z They don't seem to l ike their present,

3 You haven't been wait ing long,

4 We can't leave the party early,

5 Let's go and see a film,6 Do si t down. ?

7 Nothing seems to be going r ight,8 l 'm being a bi t s i t ty, _?.

bs Listen and check your answers.

e Decide whether each sentence is a) checkinginformation, b) asking for agreement, c) askingsomeone to do something, d) making an offeror a suggestion.

Person to person

15 a Write one or two facts you think you knowabout three other students in your class.

h Check your facts by asking the person, usingan appropriate question tag.

1 3

: l r : : ia.r : ; l

:.::::r rl,i;i|irll: , : : l : l l ,

,r,rili,:l: l:-lll::.rrii, il:.i}:,:ll:l:l

':i.:ii: il.

,l l,llr;::l r:r.:riii rari

.t;.1. .1i.11 :: l

i1: :

,ll :ral.;, t,,,:l :tl; ,..:'::::t:'.l' r,: i l i , l l i : ,1..i.:li.lll .l.'

i : , i r r : 1 : , r : i

.i: I ri :.:ir ':: .

,:rlLtl::,':'i i l ; : : r i : : i ' :ii:-l:i:l:i i' i . 4 , ; - : : ,:::.:,ir:.i, .

l

7

2

3

4

Simon:

Jo :

S imon:

Jo :S imon:

lo :

You have a best friend, _ you?

You had o best friend at school, _you?

That's just the way life is, _ it?You con't keep in touch with everybody,

r 2

you?

We usually put negative question tagsafter affirmative sentences andaffirmative tags after negative sentences.l f the main sentence has an auxi l iaryverb, e.g. is, con, etc., this is repeated inthe quest ion tag.l f the main sentence has no auxi l iary, thequestion tag is a form of the verb do.

:::i:iill{ii::.:i-1iLjl1i:i:1:1ii}1i:i:al!lt1:a:ltiiltl1,l:1.!1r?ilii+!t i: :

b Which examples does Rule B appty to andwhich examples does Rule C apply to?

see Reference poge 17

a Read the interview below between Simonand his boss, Jo. Three of the question tags areincorrect. Find and correct them.

Jo: So, Simon, you've been with the companyfor nearly a year now, aren't you?

Yes, that's right.You worked for Thomson Internat ionalbefore then, didn' t you?

Yes, for five years.

And you feet happy here now, don' t you?

Absotutely, it 's a great job and everyone'sbeen real ly fr iendly.Now, you're clear about your targets forthis year, isn' t you?

Simon: Yes, I think so. We have to increase lastyear 's sales by t5%, don't we?

Jo: That 's r ight. l f that happens then everyonegets a zoolo bonus which everyone wit t bevery happy about, won't they?

Simon: Def ini tely.Jo: Now, on the subject of your punctual i ty.

That hasn' t been part icularty good, was i t?S imon: Ah yes , now I can exp la in tha t . . .

b @ L is ten and checkvouranswers .

')

LS"steatizag3 Discuss.

r Do you know any [arge famil ies?z What do you think are the good and bad things

about being brought up as part of a largefamity?

3 How would you feel about working with amember of your famity?

g ffi Listen to this extract from a radioprogramme and answer the quest ions.

r How big is this family now?z What is soecial about them?

3 What trip are they excited about?

S Listen again and answer these quest ions.

r Why did Larry Boehmer start juggl ing?

z How did his chi ldren become interested in

iuggl ing?3 When and where did the family f i rst juggle for

a publ ic audience?

+ What does Larry bel ieve about the ski t t ofiuggt ing?

& *. In pairs, look at the fol lowing phrases/expressions in the tapescript on page 165. Saywhat you think they might mean.

r to juggte several tasks at once (l.z)

2 to get your hands on sornething (t .9)

3 to put your mind to something (t .zr)

4 a big family man (1.24)

5 to be only too happy about something (1.25)

6 to go from strength to strength (1.28)

Z to pick up on somethinS (t . tS)

fu Summarise the information in the radioprogramme. Use the phrases above.

aa. Decide if each example sentence in theActive grammar box is correct or not.

"l.i:::i:;,1:lr:i:l:::lliili,,ll::ilnl:::'lii:ilailil:iir'i :riirr:ri::i:ii.:ri':'ri: ':|:jj:'li iii iiiiliiir:,:i

Active g'rammar

Anybody con learn to juggle.Everybody can learn to juggle.

Do you want something to eat?Do you want onything to eat?

E I've looked anywhere for my keys.F l've looked eve ere but I can't find

my keys.

G She hosn't got an ing to do.H She hasn't got nothing to do.

t Any/Everv looks at things one at a time,separately.

z Anv/Everv looks at all the thingstogether.

3 We use anv/everv to mean it doesn'tmatter which, who, etc.

4 Nothino/Somethinq means nof +anything.

5 We use anv/some in quest ions when weexpect the answer'Yes' .

fu Choose the correct al ternat ive for each ofthe rules r-5.

see Reference poge 1Z

Choose the best alternative.

r I'm going to try and see my boyfriend every/any weekend.

z Everybody/Anybody was thrilled to see Naomi.

I Get me every/any soup you can find. lt doesn'tmatter what kind.

4 | can't get rid of this cold. Nothing/Anythingseems to help.

5 The market had flowers of every/any kind.5 ld tike to go everywhere/somewhere hot for my

hot iday. I need the sun.

7 You can come every/ony time after 5p.m. I' l l beat home a[[ evening.

8 | know you're very busy so I don' t supposeyou've got some/any time to hetp me tonight?

D

:tt:i:artt:::

:i,::::r1:]:

r;-a::::l:

' :l'j ,'''

'

. , i ] , , ,4, : , ,: ' : ' l : i i ; . : r :.':1.::r::::'

:,,,,,--,,,: j lr:|:r: i l :ra : r . - : :1 : l :

::i:ll,l::,::::,)l'::,1:::.::'.:::.:::.::: '.::11.:::'

l : , . i i r : '

:::::::i::,1:: l : . l L ' . : a : '

tititi.at, l

:.'.:.::]:i::

:::::,:r:,:,' ...]..:.

AB

cD

6

Reading7 Discuss.

r What are the advantages/disadvantages of beingborn f i rst , middle or last ina family?

z Do you think i t is good tobe an only chi td? Why/Whynot?

Read the text. Which of the fol lowing does i t do?

Say which type of chi ld i t is best to be ( i .e. f i rst born, middle born,[ast born, only chi ld).Give advice to parents about deal ing with each type of chi ld.Describe the possible career consequences according to theposit ion you are born in the family.Advise chi tdren how to cope with their posi t ion in the famity.

Read the text again. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?

Parents usual ly expect di f ferent things from their f i rst and lastch i ld ren.

Onty chi ldren and f i rst-born chi ldren often fo[ low simitar types ofcareer path.

The results of this research contradict exist ing research into theeffects of birth order.The researchers found f i rst-born chi ldren easier to analvse than theo t h t r r q r n i l n q

Younger chi tdren tend to take more r isks as a result of their parents'at t i tude towards them.Only chi ldren often prefer more physical occupat ions.

Discuss. Which of the points in the text are true for your family orother famil ies you know?

S " &L

2

3

4

e;7

first?cCIrnes, \

;!* $ child s place in the family birthorder may play a role in the type ofoccupations that wil l interest him orher as an adult, new research suggests.ln two related studies, researchersfound that only chi ldren - and toa certain extent f irst-born children- were more interested in intellectual,cognitive pursuits than were later-born children. In contrast, later-bornchildren were more interested in bothartistic and outdoor-related careers.

These results fit into theories thatsay our place in family birth orderwi l l in f luence our personal i ty , sa idFrederick T.L. Leong, co-author of thestudy and professor of psychologyat Ohio State Univers i ty . 'Parentsrypically place different demandsand have different expectations ofchi ldren depending on thei r b i r thorder , 'Leong said.

For example, parents may beextrernely protective of only childrenand rvorry about their physical safety.That may be why only chi ldrenare more l ikely to show interest inacademic pursui ts rather thanphysical or outdoor activit ies. Onlychildren wil l tend to get more timeand attention from their Darentsthan chi ldren wi th s ib l ings. This wi l loften make them feel special butthe downside is that they may sufferoccasional pangs of jea lousy andloneliness when friends discuss theirbrothers and sisters and familv l i fe.'

The first-born is an only child unti lthe second chi ld comes a long -

transforming them from being thecentre of attention, to then sharingthe care of parents. Parents wil l alsoexpect them to be responsible and'set an example'. The change frombeing the focus of a family maybe qui te a shock and so shape thefirst-born's subsequent outlook onlife. Therefore first-borns may try toget back their parents'attention andapproval by achieving success andrecognition in their careers. lt hasbeen noted that f i rs t -borns aresignificantly more often found asworld polit ical leaders than any otherbirth order position.

As they have more children, parentstend to become more open andrelaxed and that may allow youngerchi ldren to be more r isk- tak ing, 'Leong said.' l f the first-born or onlychild wants to be a poet, that mayconcern parents. But by the fourthchild, parents may not mind as much.'

Being the youngest in the fami lycan somet imes be a st i f l ing andfrustrating experience, especially ifthey're looking to be taken seriouslyand t reated l ike an adul t . Thelast-born is more l ike ly than the

other birth order positions to take updangerous spor ts .This may be a s ignof the last-born's rebell ious streak- a result of being fed up with alwaysbeing bossed about by everyone elsein the family.

Middle chi ldren, however, havedi f ferent issues. 'Middle chi ldsyndrome' can mean feel ingsandwiched between two other'more important' people - an olders ib l ing who gets a l l the r ights and istreated l ike an adult and a youngers ib l ing who gets a l l the pr iv i legesand is t reated l ike a spoi l t ch i ld .Middle-borns have to learn to geton wi th o lder and younger chi ldren,and th is may contr ibute to thembecoming good negotiators - of allthe birth order positions they aremost skilful at dealing with authorityf igures and those hold ing in fer iorpositions.

Leong said the biggest differencesin the study were between onlychildren and later-born children.'First-born children are diff icult to classifybecause they start out as only childrenbut later give up that position. lt maybe that the length of t ime a first-born chi ld is an only chi ld makes adifference in his or her personality. ' I

I

1O Comptete the table.

11 Complete the fot lowing sentences with the most appropriate wordfrom the table.r Do you realise the _ of these exams? They wilt decide which

university you can go to.2 My sister is very _ . She can paint wel[ and writes poetry.

3 lt 's so _ trying to phone my bank. You have to wait for hoursbefore a real person wi l l answer the phone.

4 You shouldn' t be _ of Bob. He's not my type!

5 He's lived a]one for ages but he says he never feels6 There's a lot of _ involved in juggting.

7 I wish someone would take for the train crash.8 His tast film was an incredible . Apparently, it won five

Oscars.

! .* &. Listen to theconversation. What are thetwo people talking about?

b Listen again. Which of theexpressions from the Howto box do you hear? Whichword(s) is/are stressed?

a Discuss the foltowingstatements. Use expressionsfrom the How to box asappropriate.o Parents tend to be more

strict with their first-bornchildren.

. Middte chi ldren have theworst time.

. Youngest children areusually spoil t .Only chi ldren tend to beself-sufficient and not needmany fr iends.We are attracted to peoplewho are born in the sameposit ion within the family.Our posit ion in the familyaffects the kind of careerwe cnoose.

b Report your group'sdiscussion back to the restof the class.

L8

NOUN ADJECTIVE

intellect

art

jealous

[onely

responsibility

successful

importance

skill

frustration

That' s absolutely rig ht.I completely agree with thot.I couldn't ogree more.That's probably true.I think there's some truth in that.

Expressin g d isagreement l'm not sure if I agree with that.I don't think that's completelytrue.That's not true at all.I totally disagree.

Reporting agreement/disagreement

We ollfelt pretty much the sameabout this question.There were a number of differencesof opinion in the group.One or two people had quitestrong views about this.

lrrrs'{qr, \xfixflE fir @l5 uf ms;biiiifrl]fttr,E luP:tuim|[rfiE

Discuss.r Do you have a mobile phone? How much do vou use it?

What do you use i t for?z Do you know anyone who doesn't have a mobite phone? why don't

they have one?3 Do you think mobite phones are generalry a good or a bad thing?4 Where ( i f anywhere) are you not al lowed to use mobi le phones in

your country (e.9. the cinema)? Do you think there shoutd be otherplaces where you can' t use mobi le phones?

s what age do you think is appropriate for chi tdren to have a mobirephone? Whv?

It t : i t i L i 13 t3;

' j Read the text. which of the fol towing subjects does i t refer to?1 ine number o f young peop le who have a mob i te phonez , ,vhen the f i rst mobite phone was invented3 : re 'easons why young peop le want a mob i te phone4 :0 r \ paren ts fee l about the i r ch i ld ren hav ing a mob i te pnone5 mob i ie phones and no ise po l lu t ion6 the drr"rorr ' r t of contact teenagers feer they need with their f r iendsz the effect of mobite phones on reading for pteasure8 the fu tu re des ign o f mob i le phones9 the hea l th r i sks o f mob i le phones to ch i ld ren10 some poss ib le educat iona l uses o f mob i te phones

4 Read the text again. Make br ief notes about the subjects in Ex. 3 i trefers to.

Mob iThere are good reasons to beworr ied about chi ldren and mobi lephones, repor ts Michael F i tzpatr ick.Socio logis ts in Japan, where mobi leshave been common among theyoung for some t ime and of fersophist icated serv ices, see ana la rm ing t rend .

In Tokyo, for example, one-quarterof a l l four to f i f teen-year-o lds hasa mobi le phone. Wel l over hal f o fJapan's h igh school s tudents ownone , many o f t hem In te rne t enab led .Hal f the chi ldren pol led recent lysa id t he i r l i f es t y l e ' r equ i red ' t hemto have a mob i l e phone , wh i l e 41 .5percent sa id thei r parents , forced'

them to have one.

An informal survey conducted onthe Tokyo streers by Japan Todaymagazine, however, suggeststhat the nat ions ' teens have otherreasons for keeping hold of , thei r

best e lect r ic f r iend' . ' l f I can ' t f indmy phone I feel real ly iso lated f rom

Discuss .

r Which two facts in the text did vou f ind mostinterest ing? Why?

z How impor tan t do you th ink mob i te phonesare for young people in your country?

3 How do you th ink mob i te phones w i l l changeover the next 5 years?

o , Q , l 1 o ; o , o , o o o o , Q , o , Q Q , o , , Q

my f r iends, ' says 16-year*o ld Asuka Maezawa. EmiInoue, seventeen, agrees, adding: ' l t 's great for ta lk ingto f r iends about gossip I don' t want my parents tohear. 'Another survey a lso revealed that about 22percent sa id they ta lked at least ten t imes per day,wh i l e 45 pe rcen t sa id t hey used the i r mob i l e t o sendten or more text messages each day.

Parents were a lso surveyed, wi th more than a th i rdfee l i ng t he i r ch i l d ren spen t t oo much t ime on thephone , wh i l e 23 pe rcen t sa id t he mob i l e made i td i f f icu l t for them to keep a check on who thei r ch i ldrenwere communicat ing wi th. Tokyo parents may havegood reason to be worr ied, s ince 26 percent of thechi ldren said they were regular ly corresponding wi thpeople they had never met .

Such dens i t y o f mob i l e ownersh ip , espec ia l l y amongthe young, has lead to a new type of neurosis , saysocio logis ts . Japanese teens, in par t icu lar , havebecome fanat ica l about being 'a lways avai lable ' .'Teenagers can be seen taking advantage of everyspare minute to touch base wi th thei r f r iends. l t isnot the content of the communicat ion but the act ofs tay ing in touch that mat ters. Indeed, many becomeextremely uneasy i f unable to contact thei r peerscount less t imes each day, fear ing they are becomingsocia l ly iso lated, ' wr i tes the socio logis t Hisao lsh i i , theauthor of The Superficial Social Life of Japan's MobilePhone Addicts.

Tel[ other students. What noises do you typicattyhear every day? Which ones do you part icutarlyl i l<e/dist i l<e?

tL Listen and match the words in the ooxto the noises you hear.

6

fl

!I

flng scream creakbark snore crash

What typical ly makes each of these noises?

Well, obviously, phones ring. Anything else?And daorbells.

I Some of the noises you heard mal<e part ofa story. Listen to these noises and with anotherstudent discuss how to I in l< them to mal<e astory. Use moy, might, could, etc.

The crash might be the sound of someone breokinginta the house through a dow. Then the dogbarks but moybe the burglar gives him some meator something to keep him quiet. After that ...

Q , Q , Q , , Q , O , l , Q , O , O , O I O O O O O O O

' l f th is t rend cont inues, ' he adds, ' two th ings are l ike lyto happen . One i s mob i l e phone add i c t i on , whe rea pe rson i s i ncapab le o f f o rm ing and ma in ta in ingre la t i onsh ips w i t hou t t he he lp o f mob i l es . The second :Cenuine conversat ion wi l l be dr iven out by superf ic ia lcommunicat ion, in which the act of contact ing oneanother is a l l that mat ters, leading to a deter iorat ion inthe qual i ty of re lat ionships. Indeed, the very fabr ic ofsociety may be threatened. '

The socio logis t , Ms Maiko Seki , has a lso suggestedthat : 'Chi ldren read books less and less as they are toobusy p lay ing wi th thei r technological tools . ' As wel las th is i t may be that academic per formance is beingaf fected: 68 percent of ch i ldren who responded to theDoCoMo survey and owned a mobi le phone said theygot poor grades at school .

In addi t ion to th is , a recent UK government repor thas h ighl ighted the increased heal th r isks to chi ldrenunde r s i x teen us ing mob i l e handse ts and a c i r cu la rsent to schools suggests that ch i ldren below th is ageshould be a l lowed to make cal ls only in emergencies.

On the other hand there are c lear benef i ts for ch i ldren,par t icu lar ly i f the i r connect ion is In ternet enabled. Onecompany has recent ly produced a rev is ion/mock examquest ion serv ice for del ivery v ia SMS, and teachersare a l ready us ing text ing and mobi le emai l to keep intouch wi th pupi ls .

tuA:

B :

t ' o

r

Gfammaf I modats of possibit ity

I a llEl Listen to the phone conversations andmatch them to the sentences A-E in the Act ivegrammar box.

Active grammar

n lt could be someone talking to his boss.

B He might need help finding his way.

C The weother con't be very good.

D He must be late.E They moy go ta the cinema later.

r l t is possible

z l t is not possible

3 l t is certainr : r : i : r : : i : ' r , r , ,

b Match the sentences A-E in the Activegrammar box with the meanings r-3. Does eachone refer to the present or the future?

e Make other sentences using may/might/could, must, can'f as appropriate. Refer to thetapescript on page 165 if necessary.

t He might be speaking to his girlfriend.

see Reference page 17

Complete the second sentences so they havethe same meaning as the f irst sentences. Usemay/might/could, must or cen't.r I 'm sure that Terry is stuck in traff ic. He's never

normally late.Terrv stuck in traffic. He's nevernorma[[y late.I t 's possible that we' l I go and visi t my brotherin Manchester.We _ and visi t my brother in Manchester.I t 's not possibte that Jane wants to go toMorocco this summer. She hates hot weather.

Jane _ to go to Morocco this summer.She hates hot weather.There's a chance that Susie wi l l come to thepar tv ton igh t .Susie _ to the party tonight.I have no doubt that there are better ways ofso lv ing th is p rob [em.

There _ better ways of solving thisprob tem.

Perhaps Tarek w i l l change h is mind aboutlend ing you h is car .Tarek _ h is mind about lend ing you h iscar.

Person to person

1 1 ;a Choose eight of the fol lowing pieces ofinformation and wri te them on a piece of paper.

o !oUf father's first name. the hour of the day you [ ike best. the name of a pet you have had or an animaI

you Know

the t i t te of one of your favouri te f i lms

the name of one of your favouri te music bands

a place you have never been to but would [oveto go tothe f i rst name of one of the people you admiremostthe ptace where you were born

the language you most t ike the sound of

the t ime you got up this morning

the t i t te of one of your favouri te books

the place where you spent your best hol iday

the foreign language you speak the best

the f i rst name of vour best f r iend at school

fo In pairs. Look at your partner 's words andsay what you think they mean. Use might,must, cen't or could.

A: ltalian - This could be the languoge you mostlike the sound of.

B: Oh no, it isn't.A: Oh. Well, it must be the language you speak

the best, then.B: Yes, that's right,

.ru1 0

PhrasaI verh

Read and l isten to Tim's gir l fr iend(Mandy) and his sister (Gitt) talking. Who arethe people in the picture?M: So.. do you think Tim takes after his dad?G: Well, I suppose so, in some ways.

G: Wel[ , I mean, they're both very stubborn, aren' tthey!That's for sure. lt runs in the family.But you know Tim real ly looks up to him. Healways has, right from when we were kids andwhi le we were growing up. I remember heused to always be showing off to him, trying toget his attent ion, one way or another.And how about you?

Oh, I suppose I was always closer to my mum.She didn' t have an easy t ime, br inging us up.Dad wasn't around much.And how did you and Tim get on?Oh real ly wel l . . . except when he d put spidersin my bed!... And how's life with you now?Not bad. You know I'm going out with Kevin.Oh yes? But, i t 's not so long since you spl i t upwith Max, is it?Hey . . . i t 's nearly six months, and anyway, I 'veknown Kevin for ages, it 's just that it 's neverseemed to be the r ight t ime before.And, how's Sally?Oh ... Satty. Well, we've kind of fallen out.Reatty? Why? What happened?We[[, i t 's a long story but, in a nutshelt , I to ldher something pretty sensit ive about me andthings going on at work.

M: Yes . . .?G: And then I found out she'd talked about i t to ,

some other fr iends. 4t

M: Oh no !G: Yeah, I was reat ly upset about i t .M: I can imagine. Do you think you' l t be able to

make i t up?G: I 'm rea[[y not sure . . .

B a Work in pairs. From the context, think aboutthe meaning of each phrasal verb in bold andwri te a short def ini t ion.

toke r - to look or behave like someone inyour family

b Check your ideas in a dict ionary.

Correct the mistake in each of the fol lowingsentences.

2

3

How long have you and your gir l f r iend beengoing out with?You don't get on your boss very we[[ , do you?We made i t out af ter we both agreed how si l tywe had been.I think our parents did a great job of br ingingup us with very little money.David real ly looks up to. He thinks you'reamazing.Who do you take them after in your famity,your mum or your dad?I wish you would grown up and start behavingl ike an adult !

John's fal len out his brother again. I think hisbrother owes him some monev.

9 Why did he tet t us how much money he earns?I hate i t when people show on t ike that.

ro Why did you and Lorraine spt i t i t up? | thoughtyou were quite happy together.

Read the fo[ [owing statements. Which of themare true for you? Change the others so that theyare also true for you.. Of al l the people in my family I probably get on

best with my dad because we're so simi lar.. I take after my grandmother in lots of ways. We

both love traveI and discovering new places.. In my opinion, couptes should go out for at

least two years before they get married.. l f I have chi ldren in the future, I ' t t probabty

bring them up in much the same way that myparents brought me up.

. I reatly look up to my grandfather. He'sincredibly kind and always ready to l isten toyou i f you have a problem.

B

Your famity history

@ Listen to Morgan talkingto a fr iend about his family.Who are the people in thepictures?

Listen again and complete thefamity tree below.

Cicely

Deborah

b. 1 9s6m. Bern ie

a Draw a diagram of yourfamily tree, going back to atleast your grand parents.

E: Tell another student aboutyour family. While they l istenthey should try and drawyour family tree.

* Compare what they havedrawn with your diagram.

a€ Choose two of the peoplein your famity tree and tel lyour partner more aboutthem.

Esther

b. 1 980

b.1899 d .1972

b. 1 931

Alisorr

b. r951

IMorgan

b. 1 981

b. 1 953

b .1976

estion tagsUse question tags in speech and informal writ ing tocheck information or ask for agreement.We usually put negative question tags afteraffirmative sentences and affirmative tags afternegative sentences.It's warm to isn' t it?He doesn't like me, daes he?lf the main sentence has an auxil iary verb, e.g. is,con, etc. this is repeated in the question tag.Yau can't play tennis this evening, can you?lf the main sentence has no auxil iary, the questiontag is a form of the verb do.They went to Australia last Christmas, didn't they?In speech, use intonation to show the meaning ofthe question tag. l f the tag is a realquestion (wewant to know something and are not sure of theanswer), use a r ising intonation. l f the tag is nota realquestion (we already think we know theanswer), use a fal l ing intonation.The question tag for I om is aren't l .l'm ng, aren' t l?After imperatives we often use won't you? to invitepeople to do things.Have a seot, won't you?

After /ef's use shall we?Let's watrk alang the beaeh, shall we7After negative words like never, no, hordly, etc. weuse an affirmative question tag.You never want ta ga aut to clubs, da yau?After nothinq we use if in question tags.

After nobody,somebody,everybody we use theyinquesiion tags.Nabady wants ta ga aut tonight, da they?

Any and every can both be used to talk in generalabout al l the members of a group.

in this street.They are different in meaning, however. /ny looksat things one at a time. lt means this or that or theother. Every looks at things together. lt means all orthis and that ond the other.Haven't yau an ing ta da?There's enough foad for eve ne.

Any can also mean ' l t doesn't matter which one'.A: ich bag shatl I bring? B: I don't mind. Any ofthem are fine.Nothing means not + anything.There's nothing we con da to change his mind.Some is used in questions when we expect people toanswer'Yes'.Would you like some more caffee?

Use could, moy or might to talk about present orfuture possibility.

A: Where's Jean? B; l'rn nat sure but she might be inthe go n.

A: I think there will be an election b re the end of theyear. * You could be right.

Use con to talk about more general or theoret icalpossibi t i ty.

The sea con get rough here with almost no warning.Use musf to say that you bel ieve something isce r ta i n.

You haven't had anything to eat all doy. You must bestarving.

Use can' f to say that you bet ieve something is notpossible.

They con't know many peaple. They've anly justnlaved here.

Family/ Relationshipsstep-sister hal f-s ister co[[eague acquaintancesoulmate ctose friend partner ex-wifeto make a good impression to cl ick (with someone)to have a lot in common to see eye to eye (withsomeone) be on the same wavelength

Adjectives/ Nounsintel lectua[/ inte[[ect art ist ic/art jeatous/ jeatousylonely/ [onel iness responsibte/responsibi l i tysuccessfu [/success im portant/im porta nceski lfu t/ski lt frustrated /frustration

Noisesr ing scream creak bang thud shout barksnore crash

Phrasal verbs (relationships)to take after (someone) to look up to (someone)to grow up to show off to bring (someone) upto get on (with someone) to go out (with someone)to sptit up (with someone) to fatt out (withsomeone) to make (i0 up (with someone)

_!

Match the question tags a-h with thesentences r-8.1

3

I

Everything wi[ [ be ok, a) do we?Have some more dessert , b) is there?I 'm tatking too much, c) shal l we?

We don't have much t ime, d) haven'ttheY?

Somebody's moved the desk, e) isn' t i t?

That's the law, 0 won't it?

There's hardly any bread [eft, g) aren't l?

Let's make a fire, h) won't you?

56

8

Which of the fo[ [owing sentences are notcorrect? Correct the ones with mistakes.

r Do you have every idea how I can get toCroydon by pubt ic transport?

z Would you l ike something etse to eat?

3 That dog wit t eat anything. l t 's amazing.

4 Every help you can give with the redecorat ingwould be much appreciated.

5 FlyFast say that you can go anywhere inEurope with them for under f5o!

6 Hot iday companies go somewhere now sothere are no undiscovered olaces lef t .

7 As regards the housework, John does thewashing-up and I do everything else.

8 Every student needs to take the test beforethey can join a class.

9 Anyone said how much they enjoyed the party.I t was a great success.

ro There isn' t nothing else we can do today.

Choose the correct al ternat ive.

r Your dad might/can want some tea. Wittyoua s k h i m ?

z You must/con't get the iob. You're easily the,nost q ual i f ied person.

3 T^e)/ can' t /could win the next elect ion. Nobody: ' -s :s them anymore .

4 .^ s cal moy/can' f belong to the people at- - - : . ' r3 . Why don ' t you go and f ind ou t?

5 ' ' : - - -s. cot i lc i be David. I 've heard such a lota t a - : , t - .

5 i i 'e - '_c.: ' r - ,q: "eed some help at ther, ' teeKe:c. i " ' .c-r ce free?

7 You rea ise .e :o - .c can' t be ly ing. Are yousure he rvants to Joroyi Vour car to vis i t hisgrandm o ther?

8 She must/can' t be very i l l i f she didn' t come toschoo l todav . She never misses schoo[ .

Comptete the fol lowing sentences with one ofthe words from the Key vocabulary on page 1Zin the correct form.

r Mike and I stopped _ out last June. l twas about something I said about his sister. Iapologised but he hasn' t spoken to me since.

z I get on very wel l with my _ , Barbara,al though we've been divorced for nearly sevenyears.

3 | have a lot more in my new job thanbefore. I manage twenty-f ive people and havea budget of nearty frmi l l ion.

4 I just bought my _ a real ly niceengagement r ing. l t was incredibly expensivethough.

5 | wonder why next door 's dog keeps _ . .don' t think they look after him very we[[ .

6 He real ly after his dad you know. He'sgot an amazing sense of humour and he'sterr ibty generous.

7 My dad _ so loudly that i t stops my mumsleeping at night.

8 Janine is just a work _ of mine. We sharean office.

Rewri te the sentences so that each one endswith a quest ion tag.

I 'd l ike you to go to the shops soon.

Y*:; wili t'3 :ij tii{ sh*ps r,*iyt, '"ir*!}'! :";*;,:?

r I think her brother 's name is lvan.z I suggest we go for a swim this afternoon.

3 I'm pretty sure he never eats meat.

4 Please make yoursetf comfortable.

5 | don' t think anybody totd him we were havinga parry.

6 | think I 'm in t ime for the start of the f i lm.

7 | don' t think anything was taken out of herbag.

8 | don' t think she can sing very wel[ .

,.ii;:q&@'

Discuss"r Wh ich o f i he f c l l ow ing j obs can you I \OT see i n t he pho tos :

journai is t , c iv i l engineer , sociaI i ,vor l<er , n ursery n urse, sLt rgeon

z Br ief lv , whai c lo you th in i ( each of the jobs invol i ies?

3 Which of t l ' :e joh,s r ,vouid you most / least l i i<e to do? Vi l l - r .v i \ lVhy noi?

L is ten and match eae h person w i th the eor rec i job .

L is ten aga in and exp la in ihe rnean ing c f the phrases in the box .

a change oi career a [abour of [ove a career pathto take a year out job sai isfact ion

In pa i rs , th ln !< c r a job wh ich f i t s each c f the qua[ i t ies in the boxbeloui"

be good wit l : f igLrres be a peop[e person be a good [ istenerhave a 'can f iou att i tude worl< l ryei l in a teamhaire a:-r eye ior eletai I get the best out oi other peoplebe good at using your orrvn ini t iat ivebe able to nreet t ight deadl ines l<eep catrn i inder pressure

Which e f the phrases in Exs . zb and 3 do you th in l< app ly to you?Give de ia iLs .

s

futures overviewtalk about future p lans and make predict ions

Read ing

' . : , - =-- . :an you see in the2 -ow do you think'work' has changed

last rooo years? In what ways do youthe same?

r The noun 'gr ind' in the t i t le of the text is usedto mean 'something that is hard work, t i r ingand boring' . What do you think the whole t i t lemeans?

Read the text quickly. What does itabout question z above?

saY tL - *

2

Al though genu ine

workaholics are

uncommon/ manyof us are job addicts

without real ising i t .When we can't work for

whatever reason, we show

similar signs to real addicts whoare deprived of their ' f ix '- we become irr i table and lethargic.Among newly-ret ired men,death rates increase signif icantlyin the f irst six months after leaving employment. For most oftheir l ives,their personali ty,self-esteem and status have beendefined by work; without i t , they lose their appeti te for l i fe.

Life wasn't always so driven by employment, however.Work in

the pre-industr ial age was task-oriented not t ime-structured,focussing not on money but on tasks necessary for survival.Whole communit ies worked together so there was less division

between work and'free t imeiThe lndustr ial Revolut ion radical lychanged how people worked. Suddenly, work was no longer

structured by seasons, but by the clock. Work was separatedfrom the rest of l i fe, and began to provide money rather thanfood and goods.

More recently, the revolut ion in Information Technology has

again changed the nature of work and employment. Theworkplace i tself may become redundant.Two mil l ion employees

in the UK now work from home, keeping in touch via email andphone. Many employers say that working'remotely' improvesproductivi ty, as workers are happier and waste less t ime

commuting.There are downsides too, however, as workers lose

touch with the workplace and people there.

We wil l undoubtedly have to accept that the nature of work

has changed and wil l continue to do so. After al l , we werecondit ioned into accepting the nine-to-f ive working day and

there is no reason why we can't be condit ioned into accepting

something else.This art icle was writ ten at home in the countryduring bursts of hard work interspersed with periods of inactivi ty.Perhaps that 's the natural work-rhvthm to which we wil l return?

Wthe daily grind we just can't do without

Work may sometimes seem like hell, but when we haven't gotit, we miss it.We miss it, we want it and perhaps we even needit. Everyone wants to be valued and a salary is proof that wematter.

Not any job wil l do, however. Housework and voluntary worktend to be seen as non-jobs. ln our work-centred culture, a'proper job' means paid employment. Being paid for a job isbetter for our self-esteem. Of course, we would also prefer workto be useful and interesting, as well as paid. But you don't have toenjoy your job to get psychological benefits from it. Accordingto some experts, achieving unenjoyable tasks during our workactually contributes to our sense of well-being.

The obligation to be in a particular place at a particular t ime,working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us asense of structure and purpose that we find diff icult to imposeon ourselves. For a lot of us, the workplace has also taken overfrom the community as the place of human contact. For most ofus, rvork often functions as a social club, an information network,an informal dating agency and a marriage bureau.

m Read the text again and decide i f thesestatements are true (T) or false (F).

r Being paid to work makes many people feelbetter.

z Non-paid work is just as good as paid work interms of increasing sel f-esteem.

3 Doing tasks you don't enjoy at work is alwaysbad for your mental heatth.

4 Most people f ind i t di f f icul t to f ind a purposeto the dav without work.

6

7

The social aspect of work is very important forthe major i ty of people.

People who work too much become irr i table.When people ret i re, they sometimes feel lesshappy than when they worked.Two mil l ion workers in the UK work'remotely ' .One disadvantage of working from home ispeople feel ing isolated.

I

9

ro The wri ter is convinced that the work-rhythmof the future is a nine-to-f ive working day.

R* Summarise the main argument of the text bycomplet ing this sentence.

Although the noture of work has chonged over theyeors, .,,

4 Discuss.r Why do you think that being paid for a job

often gives peopte greater self-esteem thandoing voluntary work or looking after chi tdrenat home? Do you think that this is always true?

z In what ways ( i f any) does your job increaseyour setf-esteem? What other things (apartfrom work) do you think are important forincreasin g people's sel f-esteem?

3 ls i t common for people to work from homein your country? What do you think theadvantages and disadvantages of workingfrom home are? l f you don't work from home,would you t ike to? Why/Why not?

In pairs, f ind the difference between the verbphrases in i tal ics in the sentence pairs. Use adict ionary i f necessary.r a I do voluntary work in a charity shop once a

WCEK.

b She worked part-time in a shop while shewas studying for her degree.

z a My uncle was very wealthy and took earlyretirement at the age of fifty-two.

b zooo workers were made redundont atthecar factory last month.

.i<e '. ',,orking flexitime because I cana - : : s : : ^ e h o u r s t o s u i t m e .S-= := : : . : ^ f , : to be a nurse because she: : - ' . , ' , . " . - . : : . s ; i r l work .3 - s : - . - ' s ; ' : : ' s : ' < e u n t i l t h e u n i o n s

l ' r n a t - : : : - a , ' , 3 : : ' s : < e c v e a t L e a s t, , ^ r i l - - : - - - - - - - -u | L t t = : - _ : -

H e y , z o s s c : . : : - = = . - ' ' a . . , : ; : : - 3 - : s : e a t i n g

3 a

b

b

5 a

10

n f f i r p p n i ^ - ; - -

b l 'm go ing to i es ' c - : ' - - - ,+ , - . , ^ l l ; - ^ E ^ . ^ . . - - -L r o v t r l l i l r S r u l 6 , = c

Complete the quest ions with the correct form ofthe phrases in Ex. 5. Use each phrase once.

r Would you [ ike to _ , e.g. gardening forold peopte?

z For what reasons do peopte sometimes chooseto instead of ful t - t ime?

3 Have you ever from a job to go and cosomething comptetety di f ferent?

4 How would you feel about a 9

work ing n igh ts and weekends?Would you ever cons ider _ . e .age of forty-five or fifty?For what k inds o f reasons car 3€c : eand have to leave rhe i r , ' , o '< lWhich groups of l t ,orkers : a^ ' , , . . , , /o i r '

coun t r y have _ . €C€r tL \ , ? Wha t we rethey ask ing fo r?

W h i c h d o V o u t f i n x i s t n e m o s t c o m m o nreason for ' in your count ry (backache,f lu , e tc . )?Which do you th ink i s more common in yourcount ry : work ing n ine- to - f i ve o r _ ?Are there any par t i cu la r indus t r ies in yourcount ry in recent years wh ich have dec t inedand workers have been ?

Choose six of the questions in Ex. 6 to ask andanswer with a partner.

Gramm&f I futures orrerview

8 @ Listen to four conversations and answerthese questions about a) Jul ia, b) Simon,c) Fran and d) Patrick.r Why does he/she want to change his/her work

situation?z Has he/she got any definite plans? What are

they?

I a Complete examples r-5 in the Activegrammar box from memory. Then l isten andcheck your answers.

Active grammar

r That's a eood idea! l think I - tothe library now and do it there.

z I've decided I - work and go backto college.

them at rc o'clock tomorrowmorning.

I think they - Solly the job ofdepa ental manager. She's reallygood and she's been there ages.

Da assistant manager. Iheard him talking to lomes about it.

He - get the job. lt's obvious.He's being fost-tracked for it.

Use the Present Cont inuous to talk abouta future arrangement (when details,e.g. about t ime and place have beendecided).

Use going fo to talk about a plan orintent ion (but no detai ls have beendecided).

Use going fo to make predictions basedon what you can see/hear now

Use will to make predictions based onwhat you know/bel ieve. We often usethink, hope, believe, etc. with rarill in thisL d J C .

Use rzi i l to talk about a decision madeat the t ime of speaking. We often useI think with wi l l in this case.

Use be bound fo to express certaintyabout the fu tu re .

b Match the rules A-F with the correctexamoles r-5.

see Reference plge 31

1-O Choose the correct alternative.

r l 've decided. I'm definitely not bound/going toappty for that job.

z We'// meet/'re meeting after work at the caf6on the corner.

3 She3 getting/'s bound to get the job. She's gotthe r ight experience.

4 | bought a newspaper this morning.I ' l l look

for/'m going to look fora better-paid job.

5 Oh, there's the personneI officer. I won't go/'mbound to go then because I need to talk to her.

6 l' l l ploy/'m playing tennis with a colleague at

5p.m. this afternoon.

7 He's doing shi f t work at the moment so hewon't be/'s bound to be tired tomorrow.

1 1 Complete the How to box with the words in thebox below.

depends idea probabty sure thinking

I

3 l

a " i

talk aboutDescr ibe p lans,

future plansi l 'd l ike fo have a complete" break.". I think / '11 do some voluntary: worK.

i t've decided l'm going fo leaveI work.

" |m meeting them at to.ooI tomorrow morning.'"

|m planning to retrain.

7

2

I'm _ about resigning.l'm not _ yet but Ithink I ' t t [eave soon.One rs fo do somevoluntary work.I t _ on being acceptedon the course.

5 l 'm - going to start inSeptember.

Person to person

1P * Tel lyour par tner aboutyourwork/s tudy/l i fe plans for the future using the How to boxabove.I'd like to troin os an ostranaut. When I've takenmy exoms I'll probably move to the city.

b Are any of your plans very different fromyour partner's plans?

Future Perfect and Future Continuousdo a survey and report the results

Liste:ai:ag:" *a Look at the photos. With a partner, write

two quest ions you'd l ike answered about whatyou can see.

2a Listen to a radio journal ist tatkingabout Nek Chand and the Rock Gardens. Asyou l isten:

r check i f your quest ions are answered.z decide which is the best headl ine for the story:

A Nearly fifty years work in one man's [ife.B 5ooo people work to create unique gardens.

C Amazing Rock Gardens now closed to tour ists.

g Listen again and complete the notes.Chand's appearance:

His personal i ty:(r)

His father 's job:

(z)

Chand's f i rst iob (rgS8) '

b)Inspirat ion for his gardens:(+)Reason for his secrecv:

G)Materials used:(6)

After eighteen years of work:(t)

After one year of paid work:(8)

Number of v is i tors per day:(s)How Chand feels about his work:

Discuss.r a What do you th ink of Nek Chand?

2 a

Would you t ike to vis i t the Rock Gardens ofChandigarh? Why/Why not?Do you know anyone with an unusualtatent, hobby or job?

What types of mater ials and things can berecycled?What are the arguments for and againstrecycling?How much recycl ing of rubbish happens inyour area? Do you think i t 's enough?

Which environmentaI issues concern youmost (e.g. recycl ing, pol lut ion from cars,over-fishing, deforestation, etc.) ?Would you consider your l i festyle to be'environ mental ty-fr iend ly '? Why/Why not?What could you change?

3 a

(ro)

Active grammar

some as he's doing today.

Soon, Chand holfacentury working on this garden.

time?

He the gorden bythe time he retires.

Future Perfect - a description ofsomething which wit l be completedbefore a definite time in the future

present future

B Future Continuous - a description ofsomething in progress at a definite timein the future

present futureFormFuture Perfect: will/won't + have +Future Continuous: will/won't + be +

Gra,mma,r I ruture Perfect and Continuous

4 a Match the examptes r-4 in the Activegrammar box with the correct tense.

b Complete the rules of form with the correctpart of speech.

see Reference poge 31

5 Complete the sentences with the Future Perfector Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

r By this time next week, he (finish) hisArt project.

z I'm sorry I can't come. | (ptay) footbatttomorrow afternoon.

3 My boss won't be at work at 5.3op.m. She

Go) home already.

4 Between ro.oo and rz.oo tomorrow | -(have) a meeting so l'[[ phone you after that.

5 | hope you - (finish) making dinner bythe time I get home.

6 | can't wait!This time next Friday, we -(lie) on a beach in Australia!

7 This article says that when you're 50, you -(spend) a total of t6.7 years asleep.

8 Don't phone between 7.oo and 7.3o because I(have) my piano lesson.

Person to person

6 Ask and answer these questions with a partner.

r What do you think you wit t be doing . . .

a . . . at 2.oop.m. this Saturday?

b ... exactly one month from now?

c ... this time next year?

d ... when you're sixty-five?

z What do you hope you wi l [ have done . . .

a ... by this time next week?

b ... by the end of this year?

c ... within the next five years?

d ... by the time you retire?

7 a Match each verb in column A with the mostappropriate words in cotumn B to make tenverb phrases.

t do research on the lnternet

A B

r d o

z visit

3 study

4 work

5 spend

6 keep

7 redecorate

8 socialise

a) up to date with (youremail, your diary, ...)

b) the (bedroom, kitchen, ...)

c) an evening class

d) chat rooms

e) late at the office

f) with friends

g) for a ([aw, business, ...)qual i f icat ion onl ine

h) quality time with (yourchi ldren, family, . . . )

b Add three more 'after work'activities to thetable above. Compare your ideas with a partner.

..)

I a Complete the sentenceswith the correct form of themost appropriate phrasefrom Ex. 7.

On a typical weekdayeven ing l_ - I ' vetaken on a lot of extraresponsibi l i ty and I of tendon't leave unt i l af ter 9p.m.I love _ in my freet ime. l 've made loads offr iends without having toeven go out!My evenings are very busy.O n M o n d a y s , l _ i npottery, on Wednesdays,i t 's Spanish and onThursdays, I doiazz dance.I want to make the l iv ingroom look nice and I can' tafford to pay someone elseto do i t so at the momentI 'm spending my weekends

I 'm at the moment.I 'm doing the next leveI inmy accountancy trainingand i t 's a great course thatI can do at home.Whenever I 'm not workingI try to with mychi ldren. They're growingup so fast.I 've been wri t ing a diarysince I was twelve. I try to

with it so I write abit every day.

8 _ is a big part of myl i fe, ei ther having dinnerpart ies at home or goingo uI.

b Listen and checkyour answers.

Discuss.

r Which of the sentences inEx.8 are most/ least l ikeyou?

z Do you think you spendyour spare t ime wisely?

Listening and speaking1O The quest ions below are from a 'work,r t i fe balance'survey. What do

you think the results of the survey were?

t I think that less than half the group often i,rarks lote at the office.z I think that hardly onyone has ever done cny voiuntory work.

r Do you ever work/study late ei ther at the off ice scl .ootor at home?z Have you ever done any voluntary work?

3 How many evening classes do you do? Which one,s' ?

4 Do you usual ly switch on your computer in the evenings?

5 Do you find it easy to switch off after work/school?

5 How good do you think your 'work/ l i fe balance' is?

11 a Listen to the results and see i f you were r ight.

b Try to complete the sentences in the How to box frommemory. Then l isten and check your answers.

report theReport exact iresults

results of a surveynine (r) of twenty people stay at work late atleast three times a week.z5% of the group had done some voluntary work.(z) -said that a good way of relaxing waswatching TV.Nobody tiked doing this every evening.

Report ; (f) - half the group regularly works late at theapproximate , office.

I

resutts Hardty (4) of them thought th is was a badth ing.

Many people are doing some k ind of onl ine course.

Only a few people said they swi tched thei r computeron every evenrng.

The (vast) (S) _ say they do at least one eveningL t d 5 5 .

Onty a (small) (6) _ would l ike to do moreevening classes, however.

LZ a, Write some questions for a survey. First, underl ine the parts ofthe questions in Ex. ro that you can use, e.g. Do vou ever...?

b ln pairs, choose which survey to do: the Internet in people'sl ives or the Arts in people's l ives. Write six+ight questions for yoursurvey.

e Ask your questions to as many students as you can and make anote of their answers.

13 a In pairs, cotlect the results of your survey and prepare to reportthem to the rest ofthe class. Use the How to box to help you.

b Report the results of your survey to the class.

c Were the results of any of the surveys surprising?

,n casewrite a formal letter of application

Reading1 a Look at the book cover and answer the quest ions.

r Where do you think the story is set?z What do you think the main character does?

b Read extract r and check vour ideas.

* Read extract r again and explain each ofthesel ines in your own words.

r l t was always more di f f icutt than you thought i twoutd be. ( t .6)

z l t was more than she had imagined possibte. ( t .g)

3 | am going to have to start f rom scratch. ( l . rS)

* a Before you read extract z, discuss thesequestions.

r What kinds of things wit l she need to do to setup her business?

z What problems do you think she might have?

fu Read extract z and check vour ideas.

Read extract z again and answer these quest ions.

r What equipment and furni ture did she get for her off ice?z Who did she employ and how?

3 Were they busy when they f i rst opened? Why do you think this is?

74

5

a Before you read extract 3, discuss these questions.r Do you think Mma Ramotswe's business is likely to do well?

Why/Why not?z Do you thinkthey get any cl ients on the f irst day of business?

Why/Why not?

h Read extract 3 on page r45 and check your ideas.

e Read extract 3 again and write one sentence to summarise eachof the following:r Your impression of Mma Makutsiz Mma Ramotswe's feelings about new business3 Mma Ramotswe's feelings about her employee4 Mma Makutsi 's feel ings as she 'hurt led through the door'

Discuss. Have you ever started/thought ofstarting your ownbusiness? Why/Why not?

Gr fl,f I rn cose

6 Choose the correct alternatives for the rules r-4 in the Activegrammar box.

Write sentences using theprompts and in ccse. Youmay need to change the verbtenses and to add words.

questions.

I want to p ore well forthe inte w in case theinteruiewer asks me d ultquestions.

I always write/'things todo' Iists/forget/somethingimportant.I usual ly leave/more t imethan I need/get to work/thetraffic/be bad.I always take/glass of waterto bed/ l /be thirsty/ in thenight.I usually take/first aid kit onhotiday/just.l /g ive you/phone number/you/get lost.He took/umbretta/j ust/rain/on the way to theinterview.l/buy/extra food/thechildren/be hungry/afterthe footbal lmatch.You should write/address/your sui tcase/ i t get [ost.l /not go out/ this evening/just/ Daniela/phone.They wanted me/enter myemaiI address twice/ l makea mistake/the f i rst t ime.

Person to person

I a Look at sentences r-4 inEx. 7. Tell your partner if theyare true for you.

b Write 4 more sentencesabout you using (just) in caseabout the past or the future.One sentence should befalse.I'm going to buy a ne operas saon as I leave the class justin e they run out later.

e Guess which of yourpartner's sentences is false.

a

a

Active gra^rrrmar

She stayed behind in the office in case the telephone mng.

I phoned my boss ogain in case she hadn't got mymessage.

. l'll stay here in case any clients come in.o I might leave eorly t in case there are problems on the

trains.

r a We can use in case to talk about past situations, toexplain whv somebodv did somethina " ',v thinqs couldhave been different.

b When talking about the past, the verb that follows in casecan be Past Simple or Past Perfect.

z a We can also use in case to talk about future situations,to talk about certainties (things that will definitelyhappen)/UeSSlljol5 fthings we do in order to be readyfor o possible future situation).

b When talking about the future, the verb that follows rncase is normally in the present. We can use the present,future or a modalverb in the other clause.

3 We can use just in case lo make rn cose a little moreemphatic/polite.

4 We can use iusf in case in the middle/at the end of asentence to talk about precautions in general (rather thanspecific situations).

see Reference page 31

IWriting

I Read the iob adver t and thele t te r o f app l i ca t ion andanswer these ques t ions .

r What retevant experienceand quat i t ies does He lenahave?

z What is her aim for thefutu re?

3 Do you think i t 's a goodletter of appt icat ion? Why/Why not?

Assistant Managerrequired for new Przza restaurant

Weire tookng for an Assistant Manager to

n ""r n-'u n 9 u't "Y :"-:'-X[*;, ffil T"ffi :'month. The successrt

enthusiastic, haro-working and sociable'

Previous management experienc-e-would

o"'n"iptr' ' anJ although exper'tenc-e or

#n''"n t" restaurants/caf6s is desirabte'

i t is not essent ial '

Write to:

Mario Ruggiero' 22 Wood Lane' London' NO 2RR

bY 'l3th JanuarY'

Please enclose Your CV'

1O a Read the let ter again. Which paragraph:

1 says how you can be contacted

z describes your experience and why you wouldbe suitable for the job

3 inctudes any extra information you think isimportant

4 says which job you are apptying for and whereand when you saw i t advert ised

b Complete the box below with theexpressions from the let ter.

IN FORMAL FORMAL

Dear Mar io, r Dear Mr Ruggiero,

Just a quick note becauseI 'd t ike the iob.

2

I reckon I've got a lot ofgood exper ience.

3

I th ink I 'd be good at the iob.

I real ly want th is job. 5

Phone me on 07745346229. 5

Hope to hear f rom you soon. 7

Best wishes, 8

rum

Mario Ruggiero22Wood LaneLondon, N6 2RR

10 Hatton CloseLondon, N2 2NX

Tel: 07745 346229

9th January 2006

Dear Mr Ruggiero,

I am writing to apply for the job of Assistant Manager of your newpizza restaurant you adverlised in this week,s Highgate Times.As you can see from my enclosed CV I have worked as a waitressin a pizza and pasta restaurant for the last nine months, and myprevious jobs include working as a waitress in a small Frenchcafelpatisserie and a busy lunchtime sandwich bar in the clty centre.I believe that I have gained valuable experience in the restaurantbusiness and now feer it is time to move into the management sideof things. I feel that I would be suitable for the job as I am very keenand hard-working. I am sociable and easy to get on with, as well aspassionate about working in the catering industry.

I am particularly interested in this job because l'd like to be involvedwith the setting up of a new business. Ultimately I would like to setup my own restaurant business but I obviously need to get moreexperience first.

I can be contacted on the phone number above. I look forward tohearing from you.

Yours sincerely,. / / 4| / / ' / '

f1e/t'rtrt {tulw'/

trerena tavtor

1 1 Look at the job adverts on page r5r. Decidewhich job to apply for. Then wri te a formal let tero f app l i ca t ion .

Life3r*:t g lear:a$":ag

English for work ond study

r In what ways might you need to use Englishfor worl< or studying?

r to social ise with cl ients

. to understand textbooks written in English

a

In what specif ic ways could you improveyour English for worl< or studying?

go to a website which can help you withlanguage you might need in a worl<situation, e.g. www.longman.com/business

find out where you could do an EAP(English for academic purposes) course

Llt

CoItocat ions with prepositions

1 Complete the sentencesusing the correct preposit ionwhich col locates with theadjectives in bold.

r l 'm interested _(of/in/about) training to be anarchitect.

z Nek Chand is very modest_ (offor/about) hisachievement.

3 A tot of people are afraid_(of/attor) losingtheir jobs.

4 I'm really worried_(oboutlfrom/on) myinterview tomorrow.

5 l'm keen _(about/on/rn) doing some voluntarywork in a pr ison i f possibte.

6 This job is very simi lar _(oftforfto) my last one.

7 You look different _(to lfro m /o fl you r siste r,don' t you?

8 Marc is really good _(o bo ut / n /at) ten nis. H ealways beats me.

9 l'm proud _ (of/about/

for) passing all my examsthis year.

ro My uncle has beenpassionate _(about/oflfor) iazz att his tife.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition from the boxwhich collocates with the verbs in botd.

about of for (xl) from in (xz) on (xz)

r Are you going to apply _ that job at the local caf6?z He resigned _ his job last month to travel round the world.

3 My colleague insisted _ paying for the whole meal.

4 You must make sure you prepare _ your interview properly.

5 Do you believe _ things like astrology and horoscopes?6 Would you complain _ stow service in a restaurant?

7 | usual ly pay _ things by credit card.8 I'm not sure what we'[ do tomorrow. lt depends _ the weather.

9 Have you succeeded _ finding a job yet?ro The interview procedure consisted a series of group tasks.

3 a Match the sentence halves r-ro with a-j.

b Listen and check your answers.

Complete the questions with the correct preposit ions.r What kind of job would you t ike to appty _?

4

What music are you most keen _?Do you feeI passionate _ anything?In your famity, who are you simi lar and who are youdifferent ?What sports are you good _ ?Did your parents insist _ a part icular bedt ime when you wereyoung?

z When you decide where to go on hol iday, what does i t depend

8 How do you usual ly pay _ things in shops?

9 Are you the kind of person who is often worried things?ro What are you most proud in your t i fe?

2

3

4

56

A B

r I 'm afraid

z She bel ieves

3 The audience consisted

4 I've prepared everything

s lt looks different

6 My brother's very good

7 | always insist

8 Your shoes are simi lar

9 She resigned

ro Ana is passionate

a) at drawing.

b) for the party.

c) from her job after only two months.

d) of a lot of noisy chi ldren.

e) in ghosts.

f) about Spanish dancing.

g) on getting a receipt.

h) to mine.

i) from last time I was here.

i) of flying.

5 Choose five of the questions in Ex. 4 to ask your partner.

2

The best candidate

Discuss. How do you feelabout interviews? Do you getnervous? Why/Why not?

a Look at the list below ofthings that can happen atjob/university interviews.Which of them do you thinkare positive?

r I was stightly late for theinterview

z I wore fairly casual clothes

3 | panicked and couldn' tthink clear ly

4 | showed them that I wasenioying talk ing aboutmyself

5 | wasn't very we[[ preparedfor the interviewer'squest ions

6 | maintained eye contactwith the interviewer

7 l talked quite negat ivelyabout my previousexperience

8 | didn' t have any quest ionsto ask the interviewer

9 | let myself visibly relax

ro I remembered to switch offmy mobi le phone

u I didn't find out exactlywhat the job/courseinvolved

rz I couldn' t remembereverything I wrote on myappl icat ion

b Have you experienced anyof the si tuat ions above?

3 a @ Listen to parts ofinterviews with four differentcandidates (Karen, Jenny, Lizand Linda) and answer thesequest ions.

r ls each interview for a

iob or for a place on auniversity course?

z Which of the things inEx. r apply to eachcandidate. (There may bemore than one for each.)

b Complete the interviewer's sentences. Then listen andcheck your answers.

r Thank you for for the iob and coming to the interviewtoday.

z I'd like to ask you your experience.

3 You say you've worked in an - before. Tel[ me about that.

4 l'm Peter Manning and I'l l be _ you today.

5 Can I start by asking you about your - for applying for thecourse?

6 What are your for the future?

4 Choose one of the adverts on page 45 and prepare to roleplay aninterview with a partner. Follow the instructions below.

Interviewees should prepare for the interview by making notesabout:any relevant experience and qualifications you've got

qual i t ies that make you a sui table person for the course/ iobyour plans for the future

any further questions you'd like to ask

Interviewers should prepare for the interview by making notesabout:how to start the interviewquest ions to ask about relevant experience and qual i f icat ions

quest ions to ask about personal qual i t ies that make the candidatea suitable person for the course/ iobquest ions to ask about plans for the future

how to finish the interview

a In pairs, roleplay the interview.

b Change roles. Prepare and then roleplay another interview.

e Discuss. Would you give your interviewee the iob/place on thecourse? Why/Why not? I

o

O

o

o

a

o

a

a

o

D

Futures overvieFor plans and intentions:Use wil l to talk about a decision made at the t ime ofspeaking (including offers and promises).I shopping after lunch.I anything to eat,Use going fo to tatk about a plan or intention (but nodetai ls have been decided).I' low, but l'm not sure where yet.

Use the Present Continuous to talk about a futurearrangement (when detai ls, e.g. about t ime andplace have been decided).

For predict ions:

Use will to make predictions based on what youknow/betieve. We often use think, hope, believe,etc. with wll in this case.I think Ben will be the new School President.

Use going fo to make predictions based on what youcan see/hear now.Be careful! You' off that chair if you leonback like that!

Future Continuous andFuture Per ctUse the Future Continuous to talk about somethingin progress at a definite t ime in the future.Form will + be + present participle

Don't phone me tonight. I' the football.We can use the Future Continuous to ask aboutsomeone's plans, especial ly i f you want somethingor you want them to do something.

Use the Future Perfect to talk about somethingwhich wil l be completed before a definite t ime in thefuture.Form will + have + post participle

We often use the Future Perfect with time phraseswith by, e.g.by thot time, by this time next week, bytomorrow, by then, by the end of the trip, etc.

In caseWe can use in case to talk about past situations, toexptain why somebody did something. When tatkingabout the past, the verb that fotlows in case can bePast Simple or Past Perfect.

We can also use in case to talk about futuresituations or to talk about precautions. When talkingabout the future, the verb that follows in case isnormally in the present. We can use the present,future or a modal verb in the other clause.

it.We can useiusf in case to make in case a little moreemphatic.l'm going to apologise ogain she's stillongry with me.We can useiusf in cose at the end of a sentenceto talk about precautions in general (rather thanspecif ic situations).l'll take some extra money with me

Key voc ulary

Jobs/ Phrases about jobs

journal is t c iv i l engineer sociaI workernursery nurse surgeon

a change of career a labour of love a career pathto take a year out iob sat is fact ion

Personal i ty t ra i ts for jobs

be good wi th f igures be a people personbe a good [ is tener have a 'can do 'at t i tudework we[ [ in a team have an eye for deta i Iget the best out of other peoplebe good at using your own init iativebe able to meet t ight deadl ineskeep calm under pressure

Verb phrases about work

to do voluntary work to work part-t imeto take ear ly ret i rement to be made redundantto be sacked to resign from your job

to be on strike to be on sicl< leaveto work flexit ime to do shift work'After work'activit ies

do an evening c lass v is i t chat roomsstudy for a ( law, business, . . . ) qual i f icat ion onl inework late at the officespend qual i ty t ime wi th (your chi ldren, fami ly , . . . ) ,keep up to date wi th (your emai [ , your d iary, . . . ) ,redecorate the (bedroom, kitchen, ...)socia l ise wi th f r iends

Collocations with prepositions

interested in modest about keen on passionateabout good at proud of afraid of worried aboutsimilar to different from appl,1 for iesiq- "o-i ns i s t on p repa re f o r be l i eve i n co - : l a -

" : 0 . :pay for depend on succeed in cors s: : , '

Why are you turning on the TV?l'll watch/m going to watch the football.What would you like to eat?I think I'll have/m having a cheesesandwich.Wow! Look at those btack cloudslYes, I think it'll rain/s going to rain.Did you get the bread?Oh no! Sorry, I forgot. l'll go ond get/mgoing to get it now.Have you seen John recently?No, but l ' l l meet/m meeting him at 7p.m.Where is Eva?

B Oh, she'll be/s being late... she always is!

7 A Where are you going on holiday this year?

B We've decided we'll have/re going to havea skiing holiday but I'm not sure exactlywhere.

8 A Can you come on Thursday evening?B No, sorry. I'll play/m playing votteyball.

2 Insert the verb phrases in the box in the correctplaces in the emait .

' l lbe wait ing won't be going ' [ [ be revising'il have left '[thave been rtl-havef,n+shed

Complete the sentences using the words in thebox. Three ofthe words cannot be used.

ret i rement deadl ines surgeon careerfigures voluntary resigft redundantpressure quality detail initiative

He found his jab yeryrst l **d decided {sfrom it lasf rnorfh"

r I don' t think ld be a good architect becauseyou need an eye forld love to be able to take early _ andspend my t ime paint ing.

To be a successful vet, you have to be good atusing your ownMy father regrets not spending moretime with my sister and me when we wereyoung.

My cousin lsabel la is the best heart _ atthat hospital .

In my spare t ime I do a lot of _ workwith deaf people.

Thirty peopte were made in our officelast week because there isn't enough work forthem now.As a journalist, I 'm always having to meet verytight _ .

Complete the sentences with one word frombox A and one word from box B. You witlsometimes need to change the form of the verb.

Choose the correct alternative.Why have yau gat yaur tuwet?

3

I ' l l wash my hair

r A

B

z A

B

3 AB

4 AB

5 AB

6 A

4

Sat .23 rd

Hi Antonio,

I can hardly believe it - but by next Friday afternoon' / ' / l

have finished all my exams! Until then' I 'm completely

up to'my eyes in revision' I for my exams the whole of

ttris weet<enO and then every spare minute I get next

week. I really can't wait to get them all out of the way'

l 'm really excited though, because I've booked a holiday

for immldiately after. ln fact, this t ime next week' I for

my fl ight to Crete' I 'm going with Daniel.- we've both

Ou"n it ' t"r" before and loved it ' After this holiday' we

there four times! Anyway, that's why I 'm writ ing really'

I just wanted to know if you your job by then' lf you

have, why don't you come with us? | know it's short

notice, but it would be great if you could come'

Let me know as soon as you can' Either email me or

phone anytime' I to bed early tonight because I've got

so much to do. Really hope you can come'

Gianni

A prepare depend€eftsist worried

succeed complainmodest

;

The ftat conslsfs of a kitchen, a large living roomand three bedrooms.1 My flatmate always the noise when

I 'm l istening to music.z Why are you so _ her? She'[ [ phone i f

there's a problem.

3 I 'm so pleased that | _ passing mydriving test first time!

4 l 'm not sure i f I can come tonight. l twhat t ime I f in ish work.I haven't my test tomorrow. I'm sureI'm going to fait.She's so her exam results. She nevertells peopte how we[[ she's done.

. about 2000 AD

. about 1960 AD

o about 44o Bco about 3ooo BC

ItY

F

D iscuss ,

r W h a t d o y o u k n o w a b o u t t h e p l a c e s n t h e p h o i o s ? \ i , ' h a : a r e t h e yca l led? Have you v is i ted any o f them? 1 f so , what u ,e re thev i i ke?

z When do you th ink they were bu i l t?

gr- 'J

rew:. * , .? $. . .

"8., , ,a " ' . ' : ' .€ *!+

Three of the undert ined adjectives in the questions below arewrong. Correct them using the table and a dict ionary.

r Do you prefer ancient or modern furni ture? Why?z Are you interested in wearing fashionabte clothes? Why/Why not?

3 Does your country have tradi t ionaI dress? l f so, what is i t?

4 Do you l ive in an elderlv buitding?

s What do you th ink about us ing second-hand th ings?5 Are there any interest ing ant ique places near where you [ ive?

7 Are there any eldertv peopte in your famity? Who are they?

Ask and answer the quest ions with a partner.

PLACESBUILDINGSTHINGS PEOPLE CLOTH ESanc ien t

mooern

otd/new

mooern

otd/new

tradi t ional

second-hand

moqern

ant iq ue

otd/young

etderty

traditional (vatues)

o ld- fashioned

trendy

fashiona b le

second-ha nd

tradi t ional

nanative tenseswrite a short story

Do you have a favouri te hero or heroine from a story or f i tm? Whatmakes him/her heroic in your opinion?Do you know who the heroes are in the ancient Greek story of Troy(made into a film in 2oo4)?

,b Read the text again anddecide i f these statementsare true (T) or false (F).

r Homer's story is mostlyabout war.

z The purpose ofthe partywas for King Menelaus todeclare victory over KingPriam.

3 Paris and Helen teft theparty without tet l inganyone.

4 One reason whyAgamemnon went to warwas to win the city of Troy.

5 Achi l tes wanted to helpAgamemnon to become aspowerful as possible.

& Now read the f i tm review onpage 146 quickty and answerthe questions.* a Look at the pictures and read the text about the story of the

Trojan War. Then answer these questions.

r Which characters are mentioned in the story?What are the relationships between them? ,,t ,

z Who is/are descr ibed as the hero(es) in the story?

74 Read the text on page 46 again and completethese notes.r Main focus of the bookThe lliad:

r Read the story of Hannibal and choose thecorect alternative.

b E Listen and check your answers.

8 a Work in groups. Student As look atpage t47and student Bs look at page r48. Use the notesto practise telting your part of the story.

b Now work in pairs (one A and one B) andtake turns to tel l the story of Romeo and Juliettogether.

2

3

4

56

78

Main focus of the film Troy: _Two main characters in the film:Number of extras:Film reviewer's favourite character:Reviewer's favourite moment in the film:Main cr i t ic ism of the f i [m:Reviewer's overall ooinion:

5 Discuss.lf you've seen the film, do you agree withthe reviewer's opinions? Why/Why not? lf youhaven't seen it, does the review make youwant to see it? Why/Why not?Do you think it matters if a fitm is not exactlythe same as the book? Why/Why not?

6 a Match the underlined verbs in the Activegrammar box to the list of narrative tenses A-D.

b Complete each explanation r-4 by writingthe name of the correct narrative tense A-D.

e Look at paragraphs r and z ofthe text inEx. z. Find more examples of narrative tenses.

see Reference poge 45

ABcD

t

Active grammar

into ruins.

the feast, Paris ond Helen the portyethen

Past SimplePast Cont inuousPast Perfect SimplePast Perfect Continuous

Use to talk aboutcompleted actions in the past.

z Use to talk aboutcompleted actions that happened beforeanother act ion in the past.

I Use to talk aboutactions in progress at a particular time inthe past.

4 Use to talk aboutactions or situations which continued upto the past moment we are talking about.

10

a Look at the underl ined expressions in thebox. Do they talk about a) a time before, b) atime after, c) a specific time or d) actions at thesame time?

At that t ime From that point on Since thenln zr8 ac Up unt i l that point Er ic Bana isbr i l l iant throughout the f i lm. During the war,trade decl ined. Unt i t the 3rd century ecFor the previous few centuries. After thatln the 8th century ec White the guests wereenjoying themselves, Paris and Helen left theparty.

b Add other appropriate expressions you knowto the box above.

Choose the correct atternative.

t While/During the summer we travelled aroundseven European countries.

z I changed schools when I was twelve. Fromthat point on/fhroughouf, I loved schoo[.

3 | moved house last week. ForlWhile theprevious few months, l 'd been living with myparents.

4 The Great Fire of London happened at/in t666.

5 She was chatting throughout/since then thewhole maths lesson.

6 A cinema opened in my town [ast year. Up untilthat point/At that time, the nearest one hadbeen 4o km away.

7 | met James last year. After that$ince thenwe've been seeing each other a [ot.

8 China was ruled by Emperors untilhvhile thebeginning ofthe zoth century.

9 | had a great time when I was at university. Afthat time/fhroughout, I was sharing a flat withfour fr iends.

rc Whilepuring I was waiting for you, | finishedmy book.

a Complete the sentences about you.

r Throughout most of last year | _.Previously, | _.

z The best year of my whole chi ldhood was. A t tha t t ime, l_

3 | couldn' t bel ieve i t when . From thatp o i n t o n , l _ .

4 One of the most important things to happen tome was . After that, I _ .

b Compare your sentences in pairs. Give moredetai ls about one or two of your sentences.

L 2

L A

1 1

itilrg

Discuss.r Do you think any groups of people who do

part icular jobs are modern-day heroes, e.g.firefighters, aid workers, nurses, etc.? Why?

z Can you think of any other famous people orpart icular jobs that you think are heroic? Givereasons.

a You are going to write a short story about ahero or heroine. Choose one from this l ist :

a a famous modern-day hero/heroine, e.g.Princess Diana, Gandhi, Tiger Woods.

b a hero/heroine from a story or f i lmc Achi[ [es, Hector, Hannibal, Romeo or Jul iet

b Wri te br ief notes about the events and thecharacters in the story.

c Divide your notes into three paragraphs:

r What happens at the beginning of the storyand events leading up to that t ime

z The main events of the story

3 What happens near or at the end of the story

L4 a Write your story using your notes. Don'twrite the name of the hero; just write he/she(or appropriate nouns). Use narrative tensesand t ime expressions.

b Read another student's story. Do you knowthe hero or heroine in his/her story?

s, Describe the items in the photos using the words in the box.

leather porcelain denim bronze si lk i ron Lycra woolgotd rubber cotton silver

&? How do you pronounce the words? Listen and check.

m Add four more materials to the box above.

Think of f ive things you own. Describe the materials used in eachone using words from Ex. r.

m Match the adjectives r-8 with the definit ions a-h.

3 shiny 1 c) feets/tool<s lil<e fur

4 smooth { d) feels uncomfortable to wear because itirritates your sl<in

5 rough i e) isn't hard or firm, but is easy to press

6 furry i f) is stightly elastic

7 slippery g) has a bright surface

I e itchy i h) is wet or difficutt to hold/walk on

Complete the sentences with the most appropriate adject ive.

Be carefuI on the icy path. l t 's veryI reat ly t ike si tk because i t feets so _ on your skin.I 've got some new winter boots with insides.I can' t wear wool because i t 's too for my skin.For the interview I wore a sui t and my new leather shoes.

Wear something _ for the gym ctass so you can move easi ly.I t was a very uncomfortable journey because the road wassoThis bed is too _ for me. I need a mattress that supports myback more.

Thinl< of an object you have used today. In pairs, try to guess eachother's object by asking Yes/No questions. Ask questions whichcontain the materials or adjectives in Exs. r and 3.

Listening andspeaking5 s&, Listen to five mini-

dialogues and wri te downwhich objects and mater ialsare mentioned in each one.

T* Listen again and answerthese ouest ions for eachdialogue.

r What is the woman'sproblem?

z What does the woman [ ikeabout her jeans?

r What is the woman'soroblem?

4 What kind of toys does thewoman [ ike?

5 What does the woman sayabout her fr iend?

6 Discuss.

r Have you got a favouritei tem of ctothing? Why doyou [ ike i t?

z What do you think aboutwearing fur?

3 Do you have any at lergies?

tu1,

2

3

4

56

7

8

* Discuss. What things doyou associate witha) modern-day China andb) ancient China?

fu Listen to the radioprogramme. Do the speakersmention any of the things youtatked about?

Listen again. Decide if thesestatements are true (T), false(F) or we don't know (DK).

r China has over 3ooo yearsof history.

z China has been a majorworld economic power forcenturies.

3 Paper was made in China inaround 1oo5 AD.

4 The first paper was made ofsi lk waste products.

The wheelbarrow wasinvented by one person.

Guns were developed bythe Chinese in around theroth century.The invent ion of cast i ronhad a huge impact onpeople's l ives.Agricultu re accounts forabout 5o% of China'seconomy.Rice, tea, cotton and f ishare the major agr icul turalexports.

ro l ron product ion in China is arapidty expanding business.

u The popu la t ion o fShangha iis growing by zzo/o a year.

rz Product ion of goods t iketoys, c lothes and carsaccount for more than 5o%of China's economy.

Discuss.

r Has any of the informationin the programme made youchange your ideas aboutmodern-day or ancientCh ina?

z Would you l ike to vis i tChina? Why/Why not?

I articies

I-* Comptete the Active grammar box with the undert ined examptes inthe tapescript on page 168.

Active g'rammar

' ,: The definite article fhe is used:With invent ions and species of animalWith nat ionaI groups (when describedas one whole nat ion)

When there is only one of somethingWith rivers, oceans, seasWith superlat ives

With part icutar nouns when i t is c learwhat we are referring toWith previously mentioned nouns

G) the tiger(z)

The indefinite article o/on is used: i

the Maanthe Fq Qeean

G)_(+) -

l've gat a red arnbretlaand e btaek ane. I

With jobs

With singutar countable nouns(mentioned for the f i rst t ime or whenit doesn't matter which one)

a seienfi''sf

G)

*:' l

' '

: , , , , ' , , r , ,

.'l:l|iiili:

, ,l:r;r,;.:' . ,.-; . irr i .i :l:li:

No articte (the zero article) is used:With most streets, villages, towns,ci t ies, countr ies, [al<es, mountains

With uncountable, pluraI and abstractnouns used in their general sense

(6) _ o Mauntf. For countries

and groups of is landsin the pluraI we use'the' - the United

( ) _ ,breltss

see R rence page 45

Person FersonPrepare to talk about one of these topics.

a country or ci ty you [ ikea footbal lc lub you supporta species of animaI you're interested ina make of car you l ikea job you'd like

the most exci t ing thing you've ever done

ln pairs, take turns to talk about your topic.

1 8 a7

2

3

4

56

b

1 1 Complete these sentencesusing fhe, o/an or the zeroarticle (-).

_ giant panda most ly l ivesin _ bamboo forests highin the mountains.

_ Yangtze River is 538oki lometres [ong. l t is the thirdlongest r iver in _ world.

China covers areaof almost six mi l l ion souareki lometres and is mostpopulous country on Earth,having more than one bi t l ionpeopre.

_ Ch inese main ly speakMandarin but there are overr5o other languages anddialects spoken throughout_ country.I 've got three Chinese si lkdresses: red one and twoblack ones. I think l ' i l wear_ red one for my party.

Amy Tan is _ famousChinese-American novelist.In 1989 she wrote _ bookcatled lhe loy Luck CIub.

book has now becomea best-seller.

umbrel la was inventedaround 45o AD to protect

_ people from sun andrain.'ZongZ i ' i s

_ d ish made o fr ice and bamboo leaves

and is tradi t ional ly eatenduring the Dragon fest ivat.

18 a Listen to two people talk ing and answer these quest ions.

r What are they try ing to decide?z What do they agree on?

h Listen again and complete the quest ions in the How to box.

14 a Look at the inventions in the box and decide which three youthink are the most important. Write brief notes about your reasons.

the television the wheel the telephone the l ight bulbpaper the car the Internet gunpowder the computer

b With other students, try to agree on the three most importantinventions. Use the language in the How to box to help you.

Lifelong learning

Using technology

How much do you use technology to help with your learning?

r Do you do these things: often, sometimes or never? Why?

z Which ones would you like to do more?

o do exercises on CD-Rom

o watch English-speaking films or TV programmes

o listen to songs in English

o emailpeople in English

. access English websites or take part in online chat in English

o l isten to English radio

communicate interactivelyAsking for someone's i r What do yougeneralopinion i" z What _you?

_ 3 What _ do you think is importont?

Asking for someone'sspecif ic opinion

Do you _ that ...?How do you _ about ...?Isn' t i t that . . .?

Reading

Discuss. In what ways do you think thingsnowadays are the same as or different fromtwenty years ago? Think about food, clothes,music, etc.

Read the extract from a newspaper art iclebelow Does the writer mention anything youtalked about?

Divide into groups.

Students A: read the text on page t47 and choose the best summarysentence betow (A, B or C).Students B: read the text on page r48 and choose the best summarysentence betow (A, B or C).

A 0ne major advantage of global isat ion is the melt ing pot of cul turesand the creat ion of new things.

B The most damaging aspect of global isat ion is that people lose theirsense of nat ional ident i ty.

C The incredible choice we have nowadays is much preferable to thel imited avaitabi l i ty of the otd days.

Students A: Read your text again and answer the quest ions below.r Does the wri ter most ly agree or disagree with Ol iver Hughes?z What does he mean by ' the tyranny of geography'?

3 What is the main point he makes about his own high street?

4 Why does he ment ion brands [ i ke Zara and Muj i?

5 What does he mean by 'we increasingly def ine ourselves'?

Students B: Read your text again and answer the quest ions below.

r Does the wri ter most ly agree or disagree with Ol iver Hughes?z What i s the main po in t he makes about food?

3 Does he agree with Ol iver Hughes about music?

4 What does he mean by'a new type of Engt ish has been created'?

5 What is the dist inct ion he makes between a 's ingle' language and a'common' [anguage?

adiectives and adverbsgive a presentation about a place

2

ls the uniformity of globalisation here to stay? Is every same things'

high street in the world dooT"d.to be the same?l:j:: I found towns with thehigh street in the worto ooom€tr LU ue ur! D4

nigfrrf, hnguage ki[ing other languages and taking

orr"". tfr" *orUi Oliver Hughes rePorts on what he

found in Europe and laments the passing of the good

countrY I was in'

3 5 Work in pairs with ones tudent A and one s tudent B .

r Tel l your partner aboutyour text using youranswers from Ex. 4.trhe wrifer"of ffre leffer Irc*# drs*grees sfrongfywifft *firrer' ffughes" tr,he

er s$ys fAof f$edivsrsffy *nd r&*rre fr ffuslrydern warld is ...

z In what ways are theopinions in the two let tersa.) the same andb) di f ferent? Which of thetwo letters is closest toyour point of v iew?

& Discuss. Do you think the otddays real ly were ' the goodold days'?

4

#Wm ffi,T I adi*rtiv*c and adverbs

V aa Choose the correct alternatives for rules rand z in the Active grammar box. Find examplesof adjectives in the texts on pages 47 and 48to help you if necessary.

Active grammar

Adjectives

r Adjectives are used to modify nounslverbs

z Posit ion of adject ives: usual ly direct lybeforelafterthe noun

Adverbs

3 Adverbs (and adverbial phrases) areused to modify verbs, adjectives andother adverbs

+ Posit ion of adverbs:

At beginning of a sentenceA Connect ing adverbs (which join a clause

to what came before), e.g. Nevertheless,Then, _

B Time adverbs ( i f the adverb is not themain focus of the message), e.g.Tomorrow, Lost year,

In the middle of a sentence (before themain verb)

C Adverbs of certainty and completeness,e.g. probobly, neorly, , _

D Adverbs of indefinite frequency, e.g.often, sometimes, _

E Adverbs of comment, e.g. stupidly,ignorantly,

F Some adverbs of manner ( i f the adverbis not the main focus of the message),e.g. quickly, rudely,

At the end of a sentenceG Adverbs of manner (also see F above),

e.g. slowly,

H Adverbs of place, e.g. upstoirs, in thecorner,

I Adverbs of time (also see B above), e.g.this morning, o while ogo, _

E* Look at the underl ined adverbs andadverbial phrases in the texts on pages 147and r48. Wri te them in the correct place in theActive grammar box A-1.

: l ' i : l i l ' i i ' r r ' l t i ' r . l i t ( l i : . ; , )

8 For each sentence, dec ide i f the under l inedwords are adject ives or adverbs.

r She i ives l ' r a io,relv vi l lage but i t 's qui te alonetv p lace .

z He's a l iveL,r chi ld 5ut can be a bi t s i l tvsometirnes.

3 A: How are you? B: 'n f ine. ' !hanks.

4 Don't eat those mushroo'ns. -helr ' re deadlv.

5 He can jump rea l l y h igh . r ' l r s r , re f e '11 do wet [in the compet i t ion .

6 | got up very eartv and carJgr: :-e ea'1,, I .ain.

7 He's a rea[[y fr iendtv dog but c- i :e -q. ' . ' ]

g Wri te the missing adverb or adverbial phrase inbold in the correct ptace in the sentences. l l r ryodif ferent posi t ions may be possible.

r I want to try the locat food when I'rn ]nThai land. def ini tely

z I spi l t my coffee al l over my new jacket.

accidentally

I I work in a realty modern buitding. on the 19thfloor

4 | went on a tour of s ix capital c i t ies in Europe.last month

5 My grandmother has been on an aeroptane inher whole l i fe. never

6 The new bui lding is designed to be bothattractive and practical. expertly

Person to person

1O a Choose the correct al ternat ives for each oairof sentences.

complete/completely

1 a Do you usual ly f in ish a book beforestart ing a new one?

b How do you feel about working when yourdesk is a mess?

definite/definitely2 a l s there any th ing you _ want to do

th is weekend?b Have you got any _ ptans for your

nex t ho l iday?

late/lately

3 a Are you the kind of person who is oftenfor things?

b Have you bought any new CDs ?

b Ask and answer the ouestions with aoartner.

Vocabulary I verb phrases with rafte

1 1 Match the underl ined verb phrases with thedef ini t ions a-h.

r We take it for granted that we have hugechoice nowadays.

z ls Engl ish taking over the world?

3 Thai land's unspoi l t beauty took mv breathatvey.

4 Thousands of people took part in ademonstrat ion to save the old town hal[ .

5 Tourism in my ci ty began to take off about royears ago.

6 | found i t hard to take in what the tour ist guidewas saying.

7 He's always very calm and takes everything inhis str ide.

8 The l tal ian people I met were real ly fr iendty. Itook to them immediately.

a) to start to increase/improveb) to start to l ike someone or somethingc) to understand what you see, read or heard) to take controI of or take responsibility for

somethinge) to do something together with other people

f) to bel ieve that something is true withoutmaking sure

g) to cope calmly with things without making afuss

h) to be very surpr ised because something is verybeaut i ful or exci t ing

12 Comptete the sentences with the correct formof the phrases in Ex .11 .

r I didn' t the piano at f i rst , but now Ilove it.

z Don't that l ' i l cook for Vou. You shouldcheck.

3 | decided not to the race because rhurt my ankle.

4 He's quite otd now so his son is going tothe business.

The view of the mountains wi l l . l t 'sabsolutely amazing.She hadn't done very wel l before but hercareer when she joined this company.There wi l l be a lot of changes in thedepartment. We need someone who wi[ [

and not need too much support .I t was hard to _ everything that washappening in the f i tm because i t was a verycomplicated story.

L$ D iscuss .

r When was the last t ime you took part in a raceor a competi t ion?

z Are you the type of person who usuat ly takesthings in your str ide?

3 ls there anyone that you sometimes take forgranted?

4 Was there a point when you fel t your Engl ishreally started to take off? lf so, when and why?

5 Can you think of something that has takenyour breath away recently?

eaking14 a Give a short presentat ion about a ci ty you

know First , mal<e notes about the fol lowing.. main events in i ts history. ahV recent changes. main posit ive features of the place. any di f f icul t ies or problems the place has. main tour ist at tract ions. l ikety future si tuat ion/changes/probtems

b Practise giving your presentation to yourpartner. When you l isten to your partner'spresentation, can you give any advice toimprove it? Look at these questions to help yougive advice.r Was the information organised ctearly?z Did he/she speak slowly, toudly, clearty

enough?

Give your presentation to the class. Which ofthe places you heard about would you most l iketo visit?

1fi

#l*king Ro*ns

a, Read the rules about making nouns. 4

b Look at the examples and write some more examples of your own.

g Complete the sentences with the correct noun form usingthe wordin botd.

1 My boss really is the best I've ever had. employ

z She spent most of her _ in Scot land. chi td

3 Lots of money doesn't always lead to . happy

4 Wait unt i l the arr ives. She'[ [ know what to do. supervise

5 The job offers a lot of _ in terms of working hours. flexible5 We need to improve between departments. communicate

7 My cousin is a very talented . v iol in8 There has been a in the number of t rains in service. reduce

9 Fresh vegetables are important for a chi ld 's growth and - .develop

ro There has been a big increase in the of the golf c lub.member

I a One noun in each group is wrong. Find the incorrect word andcorrect it.

r involvement, arrangement, producement, replacementz fr iendship, partnership, membership, enjoyship

3 brotherhood, employhood, manhood, neighbourhood

+ typewri t ist , pianist , physicist , scient ist

5 forgetfulness, readiness, forgiveness, modernness

6 al terat ion, donai ion, developt ion, admission

b Listen to al l the correct nouns in the groups above andunderl ine the main stress in each word.

invol ent

* In pairs, decidL,e whichwords you think firave themain stress in each of thesesentences.

r Career development is veryimportant to me.

2 My longest and mostimportant f r iendshipstarted in my chi ldhood.

3 There is a lot of pol lut ion inmy neighbourhood.

4 One of my biggestweaknesses isforgetfulness.

5 | think scient ists should beoaid more than musicians.

6 Good communicat ion isessent ial in a successfulrelat ionship.

b Listen and checkyour ideas.

* Think about how far eachof the statements above istrue for you.

d Compare your reactions tothe statements with anotherstudent.

RULES EXAMPLES

-er/-or is used to make nouns from verbs(often for a person who does an activity orfor a thing which does a part icular job)

in lsnt1 inventarapen* ba -apenef

- isf is of ten used to make nouns from nouns(often for jobs, for people who play musicalinstruments and for holders of oart icular bet iefs)

la sl-, iaumalistp 6 -r pramlbfsaeial-+ sseia{lsf

-(t)ion/-sion is one way of making nouns fromverbs

inventq inventisnpollute< pallutian

-ness is one way of making nouns from adiect ivesk-r wegkn

other common endings for nouns arel. -ment, -ity,-hood, -ship

mother< moth oad

Lessons from hist*ry

Discuss.

r What was your most/ least favouri te subject at school? Why?z Which do you think are the three most important subjects to study

at schoot? Why?

3 Are there any subjects you had to give up before you wanted to?whv?

4 Are there any subjects you wish you'd studied harder in? Why?

5 Do you think i t 's important to do vocat ional subjects at school,e.g. mechanics, metalwork, cookery? Why/Why not?

6 Do you think i t 's important for students to do sport , music anddrama at schoo[? Why/Why not?

a cr l Listen to two fr iends, Mart in and Debbie, and answerthese quest ions.

r How did Mart in feel about maths when he was at schoo[?z What is he studying now? Why?

3 What is 'one of the biggest lessons' that Mart in has learned?

b Th ink about your schoo l days and comple te one o f thesentences below to make i t t rue for you.

r Looking back, I wish I 'd . . .z Now I 'm older and wiser, I reat ise . . .

3 l t 's only with the benef i t of hindsight that I 've real ised . . .

4 One of the biggest lessons I 've learned in I i fe is. . .

* Compare and discuss the sentence you completed with anotherstudent.

Read the six quotes abouthistory below and matchtwo ofthem to each oftheseexplanations.A Learning history is a waste

of t imeLearning about the past isimportant for the futureIt is di f f icutt but essent ialto learn from h,lstory

'History teaches everythingincluding the future.' Lam)bltine

'History is a useless heap offacts.' Lord Chesterfield

'To be ignorant of the past is toremain a child.' Cicero

'History is more or less bunk.It's tradition. We don't wanttradition.' Henry Ford

'Whoever wishes to foresee thefuture must consult the past.'Mactriavelli

'Learning history is easy;Iearning its lessons seemsalmost impossibly difficult.'Nicholas Bentley

4 Choose one ofthe quotes inEx. 3. Discuss the quote withother students. Do you havethe same opinions?

ffi

arrative tensesUse the Past Simple to tal l< about completed actionsin the past.

We got up early und aaught the n o'clock train.Use the Past Continuous to talk about actions inprogress at a part icular t ime in the past.Form uvcs re + present participle

I was walking tCI work when I tripped and fell,Use the Past Perfect Simple to talk about completedactions that happened before another action in thepast.

Form had + past participle

I'd just ftnished mv lunch when the doarbell rang.Use the Past Perfect Continuous to talk aboutactions or situations which continued up to the pastmoment we are tatking about.Form had + been + present part iciple

Before they moved to this country they had been livingin Australia.

ArticlesUse the definite art icle the:With inventions and species of animal: The giantpunda is an endongered species.With nationalgroups: the British, the Ancient GreeksWhen there is only one of something: the sunWith rivers, oceans, seas: fhe Mediterronean SeaWith superlatives: Chino is the most interestingplaee I've been.With part icular nouns when it is clear what we arereferring to: Ccn you turn aff the light, please?With previously mentioned nouns: uld you l ike anapple ar a banana? The banana is very ripe.Specifuing which one we mean: at did vou dorafith the book I lent you?

Use the indefinite article a/an:With jobs: a teacher, an engineerWith singular countable nouns (mentioned for thefirst t ime or when it doesn't matter which one): / 'dlike an apple.

Use no article (the zero article):With most streets, vi l lages, towns, cit ies, countries,lakes, mountains: Italy, Mount i(For countries and groups of islands/mountains inthe plural we use 'the': fhe Netherlands.)With uncountabte, plurat and abstract nouns usedin their general sense: Accommodation is difficult tofind.

Adjectives are used to describe nouns. They usuallycome directly before the noun.I live in a really beautiful city.Adverbs (and adverbial phrases) are used to modifyverbs, adjectives and other adverbs. The position ofadverbs in a sentence can vary, depending on themain focus of the message.

Position of adverbs:At the beginning of a sentenceConnecting adverbs and Time adverbs (if the adverbis not the main focus of the message)In the middle of a sentence (before the main verb)Adverbs of certainty and compteteness, Adverbsof indefinite frequency, Adverbs of comment, someAdverbs of manner ( i f the adverb is not the mainfocus of the message)At the end of a sentenceAdverbs of manner (see above), Adverbs of place,Time Adverbs (see above)Many adverbs end in -y, but some words ending in-y are adjectives not adverbs. e.g. friendly, lively,lonely, sillyThere are also many adverbs which do not end in -y.e.g.late, fast, fine, hord, high, wellSometimes the adjective and adverb have the sameform: fost, hard, fine, early, doilyHe worked really hard. This chair is too hard.

Key voc ularyAgemodern ancient ant ique tradi t ionalsecond-hand elderly old-fmhiqned trendyfashionabte

Time expressionswhi le during throughout at that t imein (zr8 ec) in the (8th century ac)from that point on since then after thatup unt i I that point unt i l the $rd century ac)for the previous (few centuries)

Mater ialsleather porcelain denim bronze si lk i ronlycra wool gold rubber cotton silver

Describing objectssoft stretchy shiny smooth rough furrystippery itchy

Verb phrases with faketake off take to take in take part in take overtake my breath away take it for grantedtake it in one's stride

;3

Five of the sentences have a missing word. Findthe sentences and wri te the word in the correctp lace .

r We had walking for twenty minutes when i tstarted to rain.

z You remember to br ing that book yesterday?

3 When I got to the party, Jack already gonehome.

4 | went back to my hometown after fifteen yearsand found that i t had changed a [ot .

5 Whi le Cr is t ina s i t t ing on the bus , someonestote her wal let .

6 The doorbel l rang and I hadn't even gotd ressed !

7 Someone f inal ly answered the phone after I 'dwait ing for ten minutes.

Complete the sentences by wri t ing the correctform of the verbs in brackets.

: r ' : , : ' , . , : , . ' , ' ' , . 1 , . 1 . . : . : ' - -

, : ' i . l - . , . . : : . ,

1 | _ (work) on the report for fivedays when she told me i t _ (not/be)necessary.

z What (you/do) when I phoned? l t(be) very noisy.

I t wasn't unt i t | _ (get) home that Ireal ised my wal let (steat) .

I can remember exactty what | _ (do) atmidnight last New Year.I was embarrassed because she(arrive) before | _ (wrap up) herbir thday present.

6 _ (you/tearn) the guitar for a long t imebefore you gave up?

PUI a/an or the in these sentences if necessary.

r She l ives in Alexandra Road. l t 's not far f rompost office.

2

3

People say that Br i t ish are reserved.I 'm not sure but l th ink I 'd [ ike to be architectwhen I grow up.Don't forget your suncream. Sun is very strongtoday.Leisure t ime is increasing for most people inEurooe.We stayed at very nice hotel in Barcelona.That was one of best books I 've read for ages.Shal[ we si t in garden for a whi le?

6

78

Complete the pairs of sentences with thecorrect adjective and adverb.quiet/quietly

ietirir: *ir* rif #e iTfirfi #;il:;;iJ fi:* ex':;.trj

?br'.'e -+;:e*fiir:q fu:* *;;i*iJ::. i, {.!?i:'i i:**t f**.

r bad/badtya I fel t and hurt mysetf qui te _ .b The pol lut ion is very in this part oftown.

z careful/carefullya Don't worry. He's a very _ driver.b You real ly need to do your homework more

3 perfect/perfectly

a Your pronunciat ion is absotutety _ .b Petra speaks Engt ish almost _ now.

Choose the correct al ternat ives.

i t'n-':S t?t:it;'Sii+i',liv' i,;if i',' fr":,: ii:* :!t;S:;.

r The new shopping centre is enormous/enormously.

z I couldn't believe it. The exam was incredible/incredibly easy.He drove frighteningly quick/quickly along themotorway.I can't go out until l 've complete/completelyf inished my homework.I thought the meal woutd be cheap but i t wass urp ri si n g /s u rp ri si n g Iy expensive.

6 l'm absolutely certoin/certainlythat you gotthe answer r ight.

One word is wrong in each sentence. Find andcorrect i t .il1'{ itti;1i:!.:;iligr iir*.s ;:; ;t ;';:.-,*'.' :.'i: ,-t::,'t,i':1;

r,:l:l:/r". n14g: !;,,

r I don' t usual ly wear wooI because I f ind i t toostretchy.

z When I f i rs t v is i ted Rome, i t took my h"4 ' '

away.

She's got al l the most fashion clothes.I 've decided to take part of a wri t ingcompeti t ion.I 've been working in a caf6 white the summer.I t ike going to second t ime shops and buyingotd clothes.There's too much information to take on atonce.I broke my leg last year. Since that, I haven'tplayed footbat l .

3

4

56

: " Discuss. In what ways do you think the people in the photos mightbe 'tal<ing a risl<'?

g Which al ternat ive in each of the sentences below is not possible?

r Moving abroad without a job can be a bit of a risk/gomblehozord.z You'll never get another luck/opportunity/chonce tike this to travel.

3 We need this contract. There are a lot of lobs at stoketisk/gomble.

4 My one real ambition/dreamhelief is to go to the North Pole.

5 lf we don't go back now there's quite a big,.,Substantiafvast risk thatwe ' l l se t ra r reh t in a s to rm.

5 For some people doing something that no one else has ever donecan become an obsession jnfatuationfull-consuming passion.

Z I think they're hardly/amazingly/ncrediblybrave to walk across thatt ightrope without a safety net. What i f they lost concentrat ion for asecon d?

3 CE Listen to this young woman talking about her att i tude to r iskand answer the ques t ions .

r What amaz ing th ing d id her b ro ther once do?z What adventure is she considering?

4 D iscuss .

a When did you (or someone you know) last take a big r isk?b What did i t involve doing?c How did you (or he/she) feel before/during/afterwards?d Would you (or he/she) do something t ike that again?

ffstructures-:-: write a diary entry

ReadingDiscuss.

r Do you l ike to spend a lot of t ime onyour own? Why/Why not?

z Do you prefer working in a group oron your own? Why?

3 Do you prefer team or solo sports?

Read the text and tick (/) the topicsment ioned.

r El len's achievement !z Her att i tude to her boat !3 Her tove life !4 Her boat's facilities tr5 The quat i t ies a solo sai lor needs !5 The costs ofthe voyage !7 The differences between sailing in

969 and today !

Etlen MacArthurhas been welcomed home by huge crowds after sail ing solo around theworld in record time. (A) _ . 28-year-old MacArthur battled stormsand high winds for much of the 44,000-kilometre journey. She finallycompleted hervoyage in 71 days 14 hours 18 minutes and 33 secondsbeating the existing record by 33 hours.

I met up with her the day after her return and we went to see her boat'She talks,'says Ellen with complete sincerity. 'She talks to me.'

, This is why she risked her l i fe and sanity to become the fastest personever to sail alone around the world: not fame or monev or even wiimportant though that is to her. (B) _

Her boat, named B&Q after her sponsors, is 23m long and 15m wide,the cabin is no more than 2.5m by 1.5m. lt contains a bunk, a charttable, twin computer screens and navigational equipment, a single gasburner and a sink the size of a large bowl. That's it. No toilet (just abucket), no shower, no comforts except a cuddly toy or two. (C) _

Did you ever get lonely, I ask. 'No,'she says without hesitation. She isalso dismissive of fear. 'Often you don't know what's going to happenwhen there's a big storm coming so, when you're actually in it, i t 'sbetter. Then you can get on and do what you have to do.'

Apart from breaking the time set by Francis Joyon last year, MacArthuris only the second person ever to sail solo non-stop around the worldon a multi-hull boat. Six times more people than that have stood on theMoon. More than 1800 have climbed Everest. And four men, all greatsailors, have already tried and failed to match the feat of Joyon.(D) _'That's the common misconception, that it 's all down to size andmuscle,'says Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, the first person to sail solonon-stop around the world. 'Single-handed sail ing is really all about them ind . '

Knox-Johnston,65, sailed into the record books in 1969 when hebecame the first person to sail non-stop around the world alone in his10m wooden yacht, Suhail i (E) _ . 'You need to be able to focus,deal with things alone and have incredible levels of self-discipline.lf you don't have an extreme mental toughness, you probably won'tsurvive,' he adds.

The technology has changed greatly since Knox-Johnston's day. Nowyou can watch what happens on board via cameras, l isten to audiolinks and communicate by email. (F) _ . He used an old-fashionedsextant to work out his position and made crude weather predictionswith a barometer taken from a local oub.

Today, sailors use GPS positioning for accurate plotting of their exactlocation and get highly accurate weather forecasts from their teamonshore. However, as the veteran yachtsman says: ' l f we'd had allthe modern equipment, it would have saved us time but rescue is sti l lnot guaranteed and the hazards remain the same. I don't think thechallenge is any less, it 's just different. The course is the same.'

e5 Each of the fol lowing sentences comes from the text. Read i t againand decide where each one should go.

r El len, standing at just r .5m tal l , is the f i rst to succeed.z He f inished in 3rz days.

3 She tel ls me she washed twice on the tr ip, once in a rainstorm andonce using some of her fresh dr inking water.

4 This is very di f ferent to the early days of s ingle-handed sai l ingwhen Sir Robin Knox-Johnston lost the use of his radio andtherefore al l contact with the outside world.

5 What matters is l iv ing as one with her boat and the sea.6 This achievement establ ishes her as possibly the greatest sai lor

Bri tain has ever produced.

Discuss.

r From the art ic le what is your impression of E[[en MacArthur? Inwhat ways do you think you are l ike her?

z How would you feel about being alone on a boat l ike El len's for 7rdays? What would you miss the most?

3 Do you agree with Sir Robin Knox-Johnston when he compares hisvoyage in ry69 and El len's and says: ' l don' t think the chai lenge isany less, i t 's just di f ferent. The course is the same. '

{Frg, &r I if struetures {rJ

S ;a Look at the structures A-C in the Active grammar box andcomplete examptes r-3 with don't, won, t, would, hove or had.

Active grammar

the chonce?z lf we _ had all the modern equipment, it would

saved us time.

3 lf you _ have an extreme mental toughness, youprobably _ survive.

A Use f + present tense, + razl/ to talk about future possibility.(Often cal led the First Condit ional) .

B Use lf + past tense, + would to talk about present or futureunreal or imagined si tuat ions. (Often cal led the SecondCondit ional.)

C Use l f +Past Perfect, + would hoveto tatk about unrealorimagined si tuat ions in the past. (Often cal led the Third

, ,

Condit ional.)

fu Now match the rules A-C in the Active grammar box to each ofthe examples r-3.

see Reference page Sg

Person to person

6 Correct the mistake in eachof the fol lowing sentences.

r Do you phone me i fanything goes wrong?

z What you have done i f anearby boat hadn't pickedup your distress cal [?

3 You had feela lot betterabout things i f you took ar isk and lef t your job.

4 What you [ ike to do i f youhad some free t ime andmoney?

5 l f I didn' t take a year offto cycle across Africa, Iwouldn' t have met mvh usband.

5 l f you' l I see John, can youask him i f he's going tocome parachut ing with usat the weekend?

7 | wouldn' t suggest youcome if I 'd known you wereafraid of heights.

lf I see Matt, I'll ask him if hewants to come to my party atthe weekend.

fu lmagine you had moret ime each week to do thethings you enjoy. Tel[ anotherstudent how you wouldspend that t ime.

lf I had more e, first of all Ithink I would have some pianoIessons because ...

* Th ink about ma jordecisions you have madein the past. lmagine i f youhad made a di f ferent choice.Explain to another studentwhat you th ink you migh thave done.

lf I hadn't had children in myzos, I would have travelledmore. l 've olwoys wanted togo to Brazil and ...

"*

Read these extracts fromthing she wr i tes about on

Ellen's diary. What is the mainDay r, Day 3 and Day 4?

I

Day IIt was pretty a.rnaain€ for me - the emotion of leaving

the dock and seeing all the people wave me off dovrn the

Channel It frnally hit me duing the night as I was workin$

on tJ:e computer: This is it - I'm doing the I Vend6e Globe' It

hadn't really sunk in until then' So I'd bett'er Elet' on with it "'

Day Iepproacning Spanish coast' Spoke to m5r uncle (a doctor)

today, to ask him if I should' stick a burning hot wire

through my fingernail to release abit of pressure as it was

black a,fter I trapped it while trying to open a valve last

night. The answer was yes' The blood spurted out' leavin$ a

still sore but less painfirly throbbing finger'

I'm not totally happy with the boat speed' I guess lhis is

partly due to the extra wei$ht of what I'm carrying for the

next three months.

Day 4Steep, savage seas, with forty-five-knot blasts right on the

Cape of NW Spain. Last ni$ht was the toughest I've spent

onboard..Thewindwentfromfifteentoforty-fiveknotsinthirty seconds. The seas were just horrific' I couldn't stop

her leaping over each wave and crashing dornm on to t'he

next. At one point, the carbon shelving on which the stores

are stacked collapsed. Very tired'

D iscuss in pa i rs .

r Which of the fot towing do you think are the most typicat reasonskeep ing a d ia ry?. as a personal record of experiencesI as a way of pract is ing your Engl isho as a way of thinking things through

as a way o f communica t ing w i th someone e lse

as a way of hetping you when you are studying

as an emot iona l ou t le t

as a place to put special pr ivate thoughts. as a ptace to put ideas in case you want to wri te a novel

Have you ever kept a diary? l f so, when and for how [ong? Howoften did you wri te in i t? What did you wri te about? Did you mindif other peopte saw i t orwas i t pr ivate? Which of the reasons inques t ion r above appt ied to you?

lf you haven't ever kept a diary, is i t something you would considerdo ing? Why/Why no t?

There are many di f ferent ways of keeping a diary ' What do you

not ice about the 'style ' of El len's diary? What do you not ice about

the grammar of the f i rst and last sentences in her Day 4 entry?

GIossarY1 Vendde Globe = a round-the-wortd yacht race

for

1O ;: Read the def ini t ion below.Have you have ever read orwr i t ten a 'b log '?A b log (o rweb log) i s a d ia ry /journa l tha t i s ava i lab le on theweb. The act iv i ty of updat ing ab log is 'b logg ing ' , someone whol<eeps a blog is a 'b logger ' .

b Read the 'b log 'on page 15oand answer these ques t ions .

r What reasons are given toexplain why some peoptewr i te 'b togs '?

z Why do vou th ink tha tpeopte wr i te 'b togs '?

11 a Prepare to wri te a diarYent ry o r 'b log ' . F i rs t dec idewhat you would l ike to wri teabout , e .g .. what you did tast night/ last

weekend. how you are feet ing. someth ing impor tan t tha t

has happened recent ly. what you th ink about

'btogging'

. something etse

1* Wri te your diary entry or'blog'. (Write at least roowords).

Llf*lmeag Seeas'ru"ir:.g

Keeping a diary

Keeping a diary can be avery good way to practiseyour writ ing in English. Buy aspecial bool< to write in andtry and write something inyour diary every day (even ifit is only a few words).

I

a

a

o

a

1 Match the drawings to the verbs in the box.

leap swing land bend balancestretch f l ip tuck ro11 lean

ta) f ) 3

A a Look at the drawings on page 15o and readthe description of three moves involved in freerunning. Complete each one with verbs fromEx. r.

StandinglBasic jump: Bend the knees and (r)the arms. Throw the whole body fonarards

and br ing the knees up. (2) with bentknees and ro[[ .

The Parkour Roll: (l) the knees and putyour hands on the ftoor. (+) across oneshoulder, (S) _ the body and roll diagonaily.Stand up and cont inue running.

Wall fl ip: Run and put your foot as high aspossibte up the wall. Next, (6,) _ back andbring the free leg through. Finally, (Z) _ anoland. (Hopetutty!)

b How would you feel about trying any ofthese moves?

3 @ Listen and fol low these instructions todo a relaxation exercise.

4 a Work in pairs. Student A look at the picturesand read the instructions on page r48. StudentB look at the pictures and read the instructionson page 149.

b When you understand the move, tel lyourpartner what to do. Checl< that they do itcorrectly.

b)

4@.

c)

h)c)

#

=r'?l - \

d ) *

e)

t{F

tf

\

Reading5 Read the art icle quicklY and

answer this question. Whatdoes it say you need to do tobe able to do'free running'successfully?

Ru $ Free'Parkour' - or free running - is the

last-growing extreme sport that turns

everyday urban landscaPes into

obstacle courses. Caroline Williams

meets the man who started it all.

Loosely translated, 'le Parkour'

means 'using every object in your path

as an obstacle'. It began in l9B7 in the

Paris suburbs, n'here bored teenagers

Sebastien Foucan and David Belle

decided to make Iife more interesting.'Interesting' involved climbing up

buildings, swinging around lamp posts

and vaulting arything that stayed still

for long enough. '\\'e were just kids

who started playing a game, and we've

never really stopped,' savs Foucan'

With six friends, they set uP'Yamakasi' - a group rvhich later split

when five of them opted to take work

as theatre acrobats, but not before it

had led to a 2001 film of the same

name. Yet, despite all the splits and

personal differences, what thev refer

to as 'the discipline'lives on.

Fifteen years later, it's a global

phenomenon.The UK-based Parkourwebsite gets 10,000 visitors a daY.

Foucan is surprised to say the least.'For me, it's amazing but it's my goal

to meet people from all over the

world and to spread the PhilosoPhY,'he says. This philosophy is all about

challenging and improving yourself,

while maintaining a zenJike calm'

That's why there are no competitions

in parkour, and definitely no world

records. When asked what is the

highest he has ever jumPed, Foucan

replies: 'I have no idea.' 7

5 There have been serious setbacks.

One person died after trying some of

the moves in the Yamakasi film. And

since the rise of parkour's popularity

amongst the general public there have

been more than a few broken bones.'The key thing,' says Ez (pronounced'ee-zee'), a founder member of the

movement, 'is that you must learn how

to roll. It's very important because if

you're moving for-wards with a lot of

momentum and you don't roll, Yourlegs take the shock. If You can roll- across your shoulder, never on your

spine - it transfers the energy so you

don't get hurt. You land, You roll, Youstand up and you keeP running.'

6 And if you are going to leaP from a

tall building, or even just off the back

of your sofa, you should know how to

land properly. 'You might think you

just bend your knees, but actually you

'u* to ru,,a ;; ,;. ;;u or your root,

bend your knees in a certain waY and

slap the floor with your hand. It takes

the shock out of landing entirely.' It

looks painful but he insists it doesn't

hurt nearly as much as when he landed

flat on his heels one time and couldn't

walk for nine weeks.

Once you've mastered these moves,

you can create as manY jumPs and

death-defying handstands off the

edges of buildings as you like. But,

as the clich6 goes, it's practice that

makes perfect. And you have to be

able to suppress any last-minute

doubts or fears. 'When you get scared,

you become more rigid in Yourmovements, your muscles become

tense and you're more likely to lose

co-ordination,' says Professor Stuart

Biddle, a sports psychologist. 'The

mind plays a massive part,' agrees Ez.'When you're standing at the edge of

one buildingleaningto do a spotjump,

you fall until the very last second and

then jump. It's scary because You can

see exactly how lar uP You are it

might be eighteen or twenty metres. If

the fear gets to you, it's all over, so you

really have to have confidence in your

training.'

& Read the art ic le again and decide i f the

fottowing statements are true (T) or fatse (F).

r 'Free running'was invented in France.

z l t was or iginal ly a way of f ight ing boredom.

3 A group of f r iends created 'Yamakasi ' and i t

stil l exists.

4 Foucan knew i t would become this poputar.

People who do free running aren' t competi t ive'

Ez says one of the most important things is to

be fit.

He has never hurt himsetf white free running.

Fear has a bad effect on vour co'ordinat ion.

Ez never feets any fear.

56

78

9

ry Find words in the text which mean:

r to jump over something in one move (para. z)z to choose one thing over another (para. 3)3 a probtem that happens that stops you from

making progress (para. S)+ the force or energy that makes a moving

obiect cont inue to move (para. 5)5 an expression that is used too often and no

longer has any real meaning (para. )6 st i f f and not moving or bending (para.7)

I Discuss.r ls ' f ree running' a good thing for young people

to be involved in? Why/Why not?z Who do you think might be opposed to' f ree

running'? Why might that be?

#trf, i, &,ff I expressing rbligatlon

g *. Match each example r-5 in the Activegrammar box with one of the meanings A-E.

Active g'rammar

Present

t You ShOuld know how to land properly.

z You must learn how to roll.

3 Yau get permission to run acrasscertain buildings.

4 Yau wear special clothes.

5 YoLt' do it in groups.

A lt's not necessary for you to do it.B l t is expected.

C The obl igat ion comes from inside, e.g.how the speaker feels.

D lt's a good idea to do it.E The obl igat ion comes from outside, e.g.

a [aw.

Past

6 Vle shauld_ how to landproperly.We learn how to roll.We __* to get permission to rundcross rcrtain buildings.!l/e _ to wear specialclofhes.

rc We _ ta do it in groups.

* Complete the examples 6-10 to put thesentences in the past.

* Decide i f there are any di f ferences behveenreach pair of sentences. Explain what they are.

a I must stop smoking.b I have to stop smoking.a You don't have to wear a t ie.b You shoutdn' t wear a t ie.a You should tel l her how you fee[.b You ought to tel I her how you feet.a You didn' t have to wait for me.b You didn' t need to wait for me.a We didn' t need to run for the train.b We needn't have run for the train.

-rer: Referer:{:e p{?gte =s..!}

L* * The words in the box are missing from thetext below. Note where each one should go.

J 1

! shoutd to had (xz) supposed didn't i, _ _ . r r _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ j

7

8

gave ut fome int trvct ion before We , farfedoff. We lo t,tear lifujackefr of courre bvtl was

*k Now listen "rO

.n"ro u";; ,;r-.r;.

Ferson to persc:r

t r j - Telt another student one thing:o !ou should do todayr lou should have done by nowo lou must do this weeko lou have to do every dayo lou had to do as a chi ldr lou didn' t have to do as a chi tdo lou were supposed to do recent ly (but didn' t)

emphasiscompare and contrast PhotograPhs

Listen ga What is the connect ion between the f i lmst i l ls above? Do you know any of the f i lms?

b Listen to this conversat ion. Which ofthe f i lms are they tatking about?

c Listen again and answer the quest ions.

r Did both people l ike the f i tm?

z What is one important theme of the f i tm?

3 In what way does the Cl int Eastwood characternot take a r isk in the f i tm?

In the beginning why does the Cl int Eastwoodcharacter not want to train the young womanboxer?Do we discover why Cl int Eastwood doesn'thave contact with his daughter?

6 What connect ion is suggested between theyoung woman boxer and Cl int Eastwood'sdaughter?

Work in groups.

lf you know the story of Million Dollar Boby,tel t the other students in your group (who

haven't seen i t ) what happens in the rest ofthe f i tm.l f none of you have seen i t , say what shockingthing might have happened that is referred toin the conversat ion above. Then check your

ideas by reading the synopsis of the f i tm onpage 46.

Gr I emBhasis

B Match the examples r-4 in the Active grammarbox with the ways of emphasising A-D below.

Active grammar

*:;.:a

:;'I*

A

B

There sre so many {ent the$?esrunn tlzrougtz the film"

year

Use repet i t ion.

Add an emphasising word, e.g. so, sLtch,really, just, elc.

Use the structure: lt is/wos ... which/thot ...

Add an appropriate form of do.

see Reference poge Sg

* Match the sentence halves r-7 with a-g. Adddo, does or did for emphasis. Change the form ofthe verbs where necessary.

r She knows a) for being so [ate.

z I sent b) some help with her homework.

c) the fitm starts at 7.3op.m.They t ikeHe apologised d) you a message this morning.

You realised e) oysters.

She needs f) how you are feel ing.

I understand g) they were marr ied, didn' t you?

7

2

3

::i

i:

!;

tf:.;l

1 i

; i

!r

1.,l

ail:|il

il,a:

l:t

4

2

3

4

56

7

^1

5 & Listen to the sentences below.Underl ine the words/phrases which you hearemphasised.L

2

3

She had always wanted this job.

I went and saw my doctor yesterday.I decided to ask i f I could borrow his newMercedes.She real ly doesn't l ike the words to their newsong.He wants to study sociology or psychology atuniversity.He broke the ki tchen window whi le he wasplaying with a balt .

fo Now, give special emphasis to the partsof the sentences you have underl ined bybeginning each one with /f .It was tltis job that she had always wanted.

* Now l isten and checl< vour answers.

Person to person

6 {*, Talk about one of the fotlowing:r a r isk you have taken2 an actor you really t ike3 a place you love4 a person who is very important to yot,

Make a few notes about what you want tosay about i t / them. Decide what points youpart icularly want to emphasise.

E: Telt another student about i t / them.

7 Match the phrasalverbs in i tal ics in thesesentences to the meanings a-h.r Something has happened which we never

really find ouf about.z She turns out to be a very good boxer.3 l just couldn' t work out why his daughter never

repl ied to his let ters.We've run ouf of milk. Witt you go next doorand ask Ti lda for some?I've fallen ouf with my best friend. She won'tspeak to me at the moment.Could you give out one ofthese papers to eachstudent, please?

It took them several hours to put out the f i re atthe hotel .There's been a mistake with the bi t t but they'vesaid they' l l sort i t out as soon as possible.

give to each personb) stop being fr iendsc) become, happen in a part icular wayd) ext inguish, stop a f i re or cigarette from burninge) discover, get information about something or

S0meonef) put something in order, correct a mistakeg) use al l of something so there is none lef th) calculate, f ind a solut ion to a problem

ar Complete the sentences with one of theverbs from Ex.7 in the correct form.r Have you ever had to out a f i re? Whar

happened?z When you want to _ out about a piece

of information (e.9. where you can go bungee-jumping), what do you normal ly do?

3 Have you ever been in a car which hasout of petrol? What happened?

4 Have any fr iends ofyours ever done anythingstrange and you couldn' t out why theyhad done i t?Have you ever met someone who _ outto be very different to what you imaginedthey were tike at first? In what way were theydifferent?Have you ever _ out with a good fr iend?lf so, why? What happened?

In pairs, ask and answer the quest ions.

; , ', l l

I

tu

$peakingg ld Listen to someone comparing and

contrasting the two photos. How would she feelabout being in each situation?

1O a Look at these incomplete sentences fromthe tapescript in Ex. 9. Say what words/phrasesyou think comPlete each sentence.

They're ironing.

In the f i rst picture, | - a Youngman ironing some - of brown t-shir t . ' .

But the ironing board is fixed between

the sides of a ravine . . .

4 I can' t he got there.

6

78

The second picture is of a - more

ordinary si tuat ion.

His wife be out at work.

He is also his chi ldren.The guy in the first picture - morerelaxed than the man in the second picture,

though i t must be very dangerous.

9 | am scared of heights . . .

ro I wouldn' t t ike to be in - s i tuat ionl

fo Listen again and check your ideas.

7

2

compare and contrast photosUse comparing i also, os well as, bothwords/phrases ;

Usecontrastingwords/phrases

on the other hand, but,howeve r, whe reas, whi le

Mind you ...

Speculateabout thesi tuat ion

H i s wife m i ght /m ay/co uld /m ustbe at work.He doesn't seem/appear to beenjoying himself much.

Give your ownreaction

I wouldn't like to be in eithersituation!You wouldn't get me up there ina million years!

It puts me off having kids!It makes me want to give up myjob and go travelling.

a Work in pairs. Student As look at the twophotos on page 149. Student Bs look at thephotos on page r45. Prepare to talk about themto your partner.

b Show your partner your two photosand compare and contrast them using thesuggestions in the How to box above.

1 1

ADJECTIVE NOUN VERB

long length lengthen

(r) - XXX shorten

wide width (z) -broad breadth (r) -(+) - height heighten

deep G ) _ deepen

low xxx (6') _

i l ']lfrilil. l 'll

5

2

Distances and dimensions

a Check you know the words in the table below. Then, complete i twith the missing parts of speech. Use a dict ionary i f necessary.

b Listen and check your answers.

Complete the fol lowing sentences with the correct form of one ofthe words from the table.

r I know the length of this rug but I don' t know thez The pool is qui te shal low at this end but do you know the _ at

the other end?

3 They intend to _ this road and make i t four lanes instead ofthree.

4 This skir t 's too short . l t needs _ a bi t .

s l f I go by car to work instead of by train, i t _ my journey byabout fifteen minutes which is great.

6 This bed is very . l t 's almost l ike sleeping on the f loor!

7 He has very _ shoulders and is quite muscular.

3 a Work with another student and discuss the di f ference between:

r a [ow-risk strategy/a high-risk strategyz a long-term plan/a short- term plan

3 a local phone cal l /a long-distance phone cal l

4 a short cut to somewhere/a long way round

5 a broad-minded person/a narrow-minded person6 saying a person is skinny/saying a person is sl im

7 saying a person is shallow/saying a person is deep

h Describe a si tuat ion or a person. Can your partner decide whichword or phrase above you are illustrating?

At I have a nd wha has a very fixed view of the world. He thinks justlrke his parents and isn't p ared to see other people\ viewpoints.He wan't try d rent foads ar ga aut ta new places. Heb reolly ... ?

B: Nanow-minded!

4 Discuss. What do you think the fol lowing expressions mean?

r to make a deep impression on someonez to be thrown in at the deeo end

t to be deep in thought

4 to go off at the deep end

I st i t lwaters run deep

Choose the correctalternatives. Use a dictionaryif necessary.

r We'd like to expand/heighten our businessand start producingdifferent kinds of kitchenequ ipment .

z We have grown/extendedthe house at the backand now we have a muchbigger ki tchen.

3 l t 's a wonderfuI beach.It stre tc h e s /e xp o n d s f ormi les.lt's quite a distancellengthto the next petrol station.lf the city keeps stretching/sp readi n g, our locaI forestwi[ [ disappear.They had a broadllengthyconversat ion about theproblems in the company.You know that metalco ntrocts/shorfens when itbecomes cooler, don' t you?

This jumper seems to haveshrunk/reduced in thewash!

& Work with anotherstudent. Prepare to tel l astory to other students. Thestory must involve someonetaking a r isk of some kindand include at least five ofthe words/phrases from Exs.t , 3 , 4 a n d 5 .

b Tetl your story and thenlisten to other stories. Whichstory involved the biggestrisk?

6

r ng€ l L r1 an fL ' [ ' i ' i i : i '

l i ; ] : 1 l i l n t , : ; ' i i r l i l

,".1i

1','.'::t, i,: i;i:

* * 8 u

'f, f u

Use the First Condit ional to talk about a possiblesituation in the future.

f+ Present Simple/Present Continuous/PresentPerfect, Futu re/ Present Conti n uo us/ | m perative +verb

The ' i f clause' can come first or second. When the ' f

clause' is f irst, we need a comma at the end of theclause.lf yea need help, ask me,We're go ta get very wet if it roins"Use the Second Condit ional to talk about unlikely orimagined situations in the present/future.lf + Past Simple/Past Continuous, would (or 'd) +infinit ivelf I lived in the eeuntry t'd da a lat rnare watkWhen we are less certain, we can use might insteadof would.lf sameone geve Fne a lat af maney, t *tight take a yearaffwark.Also, use the Second Condit ional to give advice.

Use the Third Condit ional to talk about pastsituations that did not happen.

f + Past Perfect, would have + past participlelf she hod answered *tt the questions, shep ed the exem,

I mast ga ta bed eprty tanight.Use have to/havelgot fo to tall< about present andfuture strong obtJgations that often come fromoutside the spea[er.We have ta weer dpnifonns at eur aal.

t have to, 'don' t need to or needn'f to tal l<about a lacl< of obtighJion in the present or future.

We dan't need ta eheek in untit an hour b re theplane teaUse should (or ought fo) to talk about obligationsand duties in the future, present or past, and to giveadvice.

Use should + have + past participle to criticise yourown or other people's behaviour in the past.I shou 't have spoken to Brian like that.

Use supposed toto talk about what peopte have todo according to rules or about what is expected tohappen.Yau're s osed to wesr a tie at wark.

Use had fo to tall< about past and reportedobligations.

teeeher came in.

Use repetit ion.She's s very very nice persoft"

Add an emphasising word, e.g. so, such, really, just,etc.I so pteased ta meet yaur sister.They are sueh a niee ceuple.The concert was iust fan tic. Yau mast go.Use the structure: lt is/wos ... which/that ...If's fhe kitchen that I pa tarty like abaut that house.Add>nappropriate form of do.I da h yau eould stey a bit tonger"

Risk/Achievementr is l< gamble opportunity chance stal<eambit ion dream biS substant ial

PhysicaI movementsleap swing land bend balance stretch f t iptucl< roll lean

Parts of the bodyelbows chest shoulders shoulder btades chinforearm hands thumbs index f ingert i t t le f inger palms f inger t ips

Phrasal verbs with outf ind out run out (of) turn out worl< out fat t outgive out put out sort out

Distances and dimensionsto n g/tength / [engthe n short /shortenwide/width/widen broad/breadth/broadenh igh / height/heighten d eep/de pth /deepe nlow/lower

Match the sentence halvesr-8 with a-h.

r lf the cheque arrives today,

z l f I had more t ime,

3 l f I had heard the weatherforecast,

a l f I d id more exercise,

5 l f anyone spoke to me l ikethat,

6 l f I hadn't fal len in the race,

7 lf I come to the party,

8 l f I get my bonus atChristmas,

a) | would be extremely angry.

b) | wouldn' t have gonewatking in the mountains.

c) l ' i l buy a new car.

d) | would like to do a potteryclass.

e) | would probabty startlosing weight.

f) I 'm sure I would have wonit .

g) I'tl put it straight in thebank.

h) witt you get them a presentfrom both of us?

Complete the sentences withthe appropriate form of theverbs.

r What wi l [ we do i f l taxi /notcome/t ime?

z l f l /been born/year earl ier, /I done/mil i tary service.

3 What woutd you do i f lyou/offer/better iob?

4 l f l /not home/rrp.m./mydad/be/reatty angry.

s l /no t /h i red la car l i f l lknown/expensive/ i t / goin gto be.

o l fshe/work/hard/betweennow/the exams,/she/probably pass.

7 We/gone/the cinemai i fwe/able/fi nd /babysitter.

e l f l /you,/ l /go/ long hot iday.

3 Rewrite the first sentence using the words in botd so that themeaning stays the same.

r There was no need for vou to wait for me.

haveYou . . .

z The rules say I have to take some lD.

supposedt . . .

3 l t wasn't necessary for me to get up early this morning.

need

It 's necessary for us to be in our seats at the theatre by 7.3op.m.got

W e . . .

It wasn't a good idea to forget Janine's birthday.

shouldYou ...

Were you obliged to do military service when you were r8?

haveDid . . .

Find the extra and unnecessary word in six of the lines below.

r My fr iend Jane i t is probably one of the peopte I admire the most.

z She's a journal ist and travels att over the world, often to so incredibly dangerous

3 ptaces. Her job is just very important to her. l t 's probably the thing which

4 drives her the most in t i fe. She thinks i t 's vi tal vi tal that peopte know what's going

5 on in the world. As wetl as being very passionate about her iob she's a wonderful

5 fr iend. She's so thoughtfut and such a caring person that everyone who meets

7 her does loves her. She's married with two chitdren. Her husband, Tony, is

8 such incredibty support ive but he does miss her sometimes, I know. He's very'

9 very good with the chitdren and looks after them when Jane is away for work.

Unjumble each of the words in italics below.

r I can't kwro out why Tim left so suddenly. lt 's very strange.

z I banged my bwelo on the car door this morning. l t real ly hurts.

3 Most children have a aremd of what they would like to do when theygrow up.

4 lt's very importantto tthcesr properly before you play footbalt'

5 Bob is a very stnneeiyoung man. He shouldn' t take l i fe quite soseriously.

6 This fi[m has deeehhgitn public awareness of the problem of poverty

in our big ci t ies.

z Don't sit with your rssduohle back like that. lt 's not good for you.

8 Winning two gold medals at the Olympics is a marvel lousteeemvhcnai.

4

m

F

t.€

.*

,eli

I

I

IF

u&x

$rf

&

\ lVhen r jn i io i j th in l ( each photo was ta l (en : ry4os l lg5os l tg6os lrr ;8ers,? l r i /hat detei ls mal<e you thinl< this?

l\,i1ai"r:,n ine s;en'tq:ne es to the photos.

rr i g{:-'r. r-r:;i irr ,rostaii"qie when I see scme of the otd TV ads that I usedlo'-rual .cn a: a cl ' r ik: i .

r - ! lc, i ,o, tLl leL.nemrber our hol lday: at the seaside? You aLways used toi:i r r-r:-,; hacil< a sc.r ilr,,,^n i i".

: , ' i ;_, . l t in lrrnr l t nle, vul ' l ich COmpany did Vou worl<' f r , : r back then?

' . , . : , , i : i , t r l l t : i have been i ' . the r r t -zc9 ' . r - rn te t ime, l th in l<"r l l i i , ' . :- i i i : , , [ ] ' nnelTi i l r ' : - ,1,, i i , , , , ! '1 ' l :_; l . i t€ l i t i te SOng.

i \ / i 1 ' r - r ; 1 : : 1 " r : ; 1 , : 1 1 ' : 1 - ; : r : : ' i 1 i r ' r i " : i , ' i = f g I t l e s e d a y s b U t S h g l i k e S t Oi e r l : : . . : : : ; t ' , : r . r l l i , i C L i C l a y S W e h a d W h e n W e W e r e C h i L d r e n "

l i " r i ,ar i : . . , ' : i i r rnrcrds in botd above are verbs, adject ives{t i" l - l r l r , j r ' ! : i : . ,J t ' , . : , . t . j . { i .r la i n t h ei f m ean in gS?

l i a r r ;1 , , ' , ' u i ' . r l ; , r ln i< each o f the words is p ronounced. Where isl i re rna i i ' r s [ r€ss i l eae h word?

u is f :e n an t l r hec l . l r cur ideas"

lJr i i , i le-- sentr:nres that are true for you using the words in boldifOr-r'i l ',r1, XtJ Ai36-ro,i*",

i l lsr : i . ts: ' . t lVhaI is t f ie nn6st rnernorable evening or day you have hadlNr l ' i te tr is i ; r lear? i f$hnt nnade i t spee ia[?

[)

.*{ry'6.1W-@t"

-a*{,

., ' :::t l lai*.:'€

i{:.

It::

;.:i

used to/get used to/woulddescribe appearance

g

I first saw him, many years ago noustaring out with an intense gaze fromthe pages of a newspaper. Seated aloneon a bench, he had a slight, baldingappearance, with amazing dark eyebrowsand a small, neat moustache. Strangelynoble, he seemed immune to the endlessmotion of the airoort around him.

His name was Merhan Karimi Nasserithough he called himself 'Sir Alfred' andhe was lost in a bureaucratic nightmare.That is to say he lived on a bench inTerminal One of Charles de GaulleInternational Airport. He had been theresince 1988. For a series of insanelycomplicated reasons, the lranian-bornrefugee was now a man without a country.Alfred couldn't leave France because hedid not have papers; he couldn't enterFrance because he did not have papers.(1) _ Which he has done - for thelast sixteen years. Recently, he wascatapulted into stardom as the resultof Steven Spielberg's film Ihe Terminalwhich tells a heavily adapted version ofhis story. But what is the reality of hisdaily life?

He actually lives in the basementshopping mall of Terminal One. Alfred'sred bench is the only anchor in his life.(2) _ lt is just about wide enoughto sleep on if he keeps his hands tuckedunder the pillow but he never sleepsduring the day,

Stacked around the back of the benchare boxes, suitcases and plastic bagscontaining everything Alfred owns inthe world. This includes: an extensive

Discuss. What is happening in the pictures?What do you think The Terminol is about?

Read the art icle and answer these questions.

r Who is Atfred?z What do we learn about Alfred's daily routine?

3 What does Alfred hope about his future?

4 What is the journalist's attitude towards Alfred?

collection of newspaper and magazinereports about himself; his drycleaning; alarge collection of McDonald's straws anda diary which records in extraordinarydetail every day of his strange existencesince he first appeared at Terminal One.From the moment I sat down next to him Ifelt the force of his dignity. Alfred seemedtotally content within himself. (3) _Everything in Alfred's life was conductedon his own terms. In some sense he wasa freer man than most.

Despite outward appearances, Alfredlives a life of total self-sufficiency andorder. He keeps himself meticulouslyclean and groomed, using a nearby airportbathroom. (4) _ He always eats aMcDonald's egg and bacon croissant forbreakfast and a McDonald's fish sandwichfor dinner. He always leaves a tip,Alfred had four brothers and two sisters,

all of them middle-class people who livedin Tehran, except for one sister who wasa dentist in Luxembourg. The relative hewas closest to was his brother, Cyrus,who was two years older. 'We used tobe very close and we usually had thesame friends. We had a good life. I l ikedswimming and Merhan used to play tabletennis, He was very good at it,' Alfredhad lived with Cyrus and Mina for a timein London in the 1970s. (5) _

'He

was an intellectual. He spent all his timestudying and reading books and listeningto the radio. He talked all the time aboutpolitics. lt was very important to him.'Last week I flew to meet Alfred, three

years since I last saw him. He seemed

quite content. (6) - That was theonly thing that mattered to him any more.Not his family or friends, not his past orfuture - only the articles about his life atthe airport and a poster advertising lheTerminal which he proudly hung froma suitcase next to the bench. 'Life iswaiting,' went the Hollywood slogan.Alfred was thrilled about The Terminal,though he would never get the chanceto see it. Apparently he had received acheoue for several hundred thousanddollars for his life story. (7) _ Hewas now under the impression that thefilm company, DreamWorks, was goingto get him a passport and take him toCalifornia; Steven Spielberg would cometo his rescue; Tom Hanks would visit himat the bench. lt hasn't happened yet. Iwonder how long Alfred will have to waitthis time.

,E&

I

Read the text again and decide where thesentences belong.

A But Alfred had never cared much about money.B The picture they painted of him was very

different from the Atfred of today.C l t is his bed, l iv ing room and off ice.D The authori t ies totd him to wait in the airport

lounge whi le they sorted the problem out.E ' l am famous now,'was the f i rst thing he said.F He hangs his freshly dry-cleaned clothes from

the handle of a sui tcase next to his bench.G He did not aim to please or play on your

sympathy.

Discuss. How do you feelabout a) Al fred'ssi tuat ion and b) the way the f i lm companybehaved?

S €e Match examples r-4 in the Active grammarbox to the meanings A-D.

Exptain to another student what each sentencemeans.

Itke but now she does.

There is one word missing from each of thesesentences. Decide what i t is and add it .r I used play a lot of rugby at school.

4

2

3

4

5

6

I can' t used to my new boss. She's not veryfrie nd [y.You use to be so close to vour brother whenyou were chi ldren?On Christmas Eve we always go to church.We slowly gett ing used to t iv ing in the countrybut sometimes i t feels a bi t isolated.We use to be vegetar ian. l t 's onty somethingwe've started doing in the last couple ofmonths.

{*ii{i;litji1i,111i:1{ia$i$1ti.:1r$-trH€&i*Sii1€*n$

Active grammar

7

2

3

4

A

He d to sleep an a bench,He ls ge used ta sleeplng on abeneh.He ls used ta sleeplng on E bench.He would sleep 0n o benctt,

He is famil iar with sleeping on a bench.It is not strange or difficult for him.Sleeping on a bench is becoming lessdiff icutt for him.Sleeping on a bench was part of histypicat day/behaviour.

In the past, he regular ly slept on a benchbut now he doesn't .

p

S Discuss in pairs.

r Name two or three things you used to enjoydoing when you were younger but no longerdo. Why did you stop doing them?

z How would you typicatty spend your summerhol idays when you were a chi ld?

3 Describe one or two big changes in yourl i fe, e.g. moving house/schoot i job, gett ingmarr ied, etc. What were the most di f f icuttthings to get used to?

Language learning at school

Did you learn any languages at school? Didyou use to have any special or effective waysof learning vocabulary or grammar? What werethe best things that your teachers used to dowhich hetped you learn? Try to remember andsee if you can use any of them now.

a:--€'s=se€

e & .7

2

3

4

56

b Which example above is true for Atfred?

see Reference poge 73

Choose the correct al ternat ive.

I didn't use/uosn't used to like iazz very much.l'm getting used to work/ttrorkinq from home.l'm used/used fo living on my own.My famity wouldT{uere used to always go to thesame place for their summer hol iday.He would/used to have a beard.We can't get/getting used to the noise.

1 1

1O put the words/phrases from the box in the appropriate columns inthe table.

JF-EV4+/ " '

' - ! . ' ' : ' '

i straisht good-tooking scruffy muscular a bit overweight ,le legant s t im wr ink tes c lean-shaven cur ly chubby wavy l'

stocky dyed going a bi t batd mousy round tanned spiky l

HAIR FACE BUI LD GENERAL

stroig ht

Read these descript ions. Correct the mistal<e in each one.

r He's got short , black hairs and a smal l moustache.

z She's lost a lot of weight recent ly. She's quite a skinny now.

3 I l ike having a few of wrinkles. I think i t gives your face morecharacter.

4 She's got spiked, blond hair and str ik ing blue eyes. You can' t missner.

5 Simon's changed in the last few years. He's going a bi t batding now.

6 She's a terr ibly etegant and onty wears the best designer outf i ts.

7 His hair used to be very curted when he was a baby.

8 He always looks taned and heatthy. I think he spends a lot of t imein the Car ibbean.

Choose one of the categories below and describe a famous personto other students. See how quickly they can work out who you aredescribing.

pop star pol i t ic ian sportsperson TV personal i ty actor ;

So, what does he or she look like?

Well, he used to be one of the most famous politicians in the worldbut he's more or less retired now. He's pretty tall and now has greyhoir but he's not going bald at oll. He's in his late 5os I think. He'squite well-built but certoinly not overweight. He always seems tohove o great smile and hos very clear blue eyes. His is alsoquite a well-known politicion.

ls it Bill Clinton?

1 2

A:

B :

Writing13 Read this extract from an email. Then [ool< at the pictures and 14

decide which person is be ing descr ibed.

I t , s r e a | | y n i c e o f y o u t o m e e t m e a t t h e a i r p o r t e v e n t h o u g h . .we've never met! Jo's told me so much about you that I

;a In pairs, describe theother three people in asmuch detai l as you can.

?:; Now imagine you havemet one of the other peopleat a party. You got on rea[[ywell and are hoping to seethem again. Write a briefemail to a fr iend tel l ing themwhat he/she looks [ ike.

expressing abilitytalk about memories

4 a Look at the tapescript on page 169. Workin pairs and find the fotlowing words/phrases.Discuss what you think they might mean.r rambling (1.8)2 pretty much to ourselves ([.rr)

3 haven't changed a bit (t.rf)

4 mess around (1.32)

5 a model chi ld (t.rZ)6 reasonabty wett (1.+S)

7 apparentty (1.+6)8 Shame reatly. (1.48)

b Use three ofthe words/phrases aboveto describe something in your past, e.g. afriendship or your childhood.

eaking5 Work with another student. Either refer to a

favourite photo that you have or choose oneof the photos below. Prepare to describe thephoto and explain how it makes you feel. (lf youhave chosen one ofthe photos below, makeup a story to explain a) where it is, b) who thepeople are and c) why it is one of your favouritephotos.)

ListeningLook at the photo and then read the sentences.Which of the sentences accurately describes thephoto? Change the others to make them true.

r They're sitting on a lawn which is probably in agarden.

z The woman is looking a bi t anxious.

3 There's a Siamese cat just in front of the child.

4 The woman is wearing smart leather boots anda floral dress.

5 lt 's probably early summer.6 The child looks as if he'd tike to play with the

bat l .

7 The garden seems well looked after.8 The woman is probably in her late zos.

9 You can just make out a wall in the background.

Listen to the conversation betweenSimon and his fr iend Camil la and answer thesequest ions.

r What is the relationship of the woman to thechi ld?

z What kind of chi ld does Simon say he was?

Listen again. Write questions that areappropriate for these answers.

South London - ere wos Simon brought up?

r Just one floor.z Because she wasn't very well.

f Until he was almost seven.

4 Very good fun.

S Nine months.6 Four.

2

I

Gra fl,f I expressing ability

6 a Cornplete each of the example sentences r-5and rules A-D with can, could, able, monage(d)or succeed(ed).

Active grammar

t

2

I was ̂..- to walk by ten months,/-*"- play simple tunes an the pianoby the age of four.Did you "-"-"""*."-- to find the photos youwere lookinE for?Will you b'e *- to come to $om'sbirthday dinner on Sunday?

you read the writing on thot signat the end of the road?We**___ in finding the perfect presentfor my sister.

Use _ to talk about present or'generat 'abit i ty.

Use will be to talk about futureabitity.

c Use or was/were to talkabout past or 'general ' abi t i ty.

D Use was/were , -to olrn to talk about ability on a

part icular occasion.

fu Decide which of the sentences below meanapproximately the same.

r She can ski .z She could ski rea[[y wel l as a chi ld.

3 She's able to ski qui te wel l .

+ She knows how to ski.

5 She's pretty good at skiing.6 She's terr ible at ski ing.

7 She's not very good at skiing.8 She was great at ski ing when she was a chi td.

9 She can' t ski at al lwet l .

see Refetente p{tge Z7

Find the mistake in each of the fol lowingsentences and correct i t .

r I can't to te[[ you when Mr Fozard wi]l be free ifI don't know.

z I was able dr ive Sam and Marta to the airportbecause mv uncle [ent me his car.Tom and I manage to move the piano into thel iv ing room this morning.

We won't able to play tennis this weekendunfortunatetv.

5 He said he knew how to sai l ing but he's neveractual ly been out on a boat!

5 Very few people have succeeded in cl imb tothe very top of that mountain.

7 We haven't able to f ind a wedding r ing that weboth l ike.

8 I 've always been terr ible to rememberingnames.

Complete the sentences using the word(s) inbrackets in the correct form and one of theverbs from the box.

find drive meet get clean spendbeat swim

You _ the night here i f you t ike. Thespare room's free. (can)

| _ unt i [ | was nearly 3o. I just never gotround to taking my test. (could not)

through to someone at your bankand tel l them that your credit card had beenstolen? (you manage)ld t ike to _ but I have problems holdingmy breath under water. (able)

We got lost and so we _ the restaurantyou told us about but we did end up going toanother one which was realty good. (coutd not)

I was surprised that Chris _ Steve attennis. Steve is a very good player. (able)

The sales team have al l their targetsthis month and so everyone wi l l get a bonus.(succeed)

Fortunately, we _ up the house after theparty before our parents got home. (manage)

Listen to Camil la descr ibing the di f ferentthings that she and her brother were able to doas children and more recently. Make notes fora) Camil la and b) her brother.

CAMILLA HER BROTHER

Could ride a bike onhis own at five.

7

8

I

Person to person

1O Discuss in pairs.

r ls there anything you coulddo we[[ as a chi ld but youcan't do so wel l now? l f so.what is it?Have you ever managedto do something that youreal ly didn' t think youwould be able to do? l f so.what was it?ls there anything youhope you wit l be able todo by this time next year,which you can' t do at themoment? l f so, what is i t?Name one thing you thinkyou're pretty good at, onething you're not very goodat and one thing you'reterr ible at.Find out i f there is anythingthat you know how to dowhich no one else in yourclass knows how to do.

Listening11 Listen to Simon talking about the photo below. Which of

the following differences with the first photo (page 5S) does hement ion?r how he feels about some of the peoplez how he feels about the place

3 how he feels about the animals4 how he feels about the weather

12 t isten again and then read the summary betow. What threemistakes do you notice?

Both of the photos show Simon as a chi ld. This photo shows him withhis parents and two friends of theirs. They are staying at their friends'hotel in the north of England. Simon enioyed staying there becausethere was lots to do whereas he got bored in the summer when hejust stayed at home. There were dogs at the hotel which he tiked. Theywere very fr iendly, s imi lar to his cat at home. In general , he had a goodt ime and l iked going on hol iday there.

13 Work with other students.

r Describe one or two of your earliest memories of childhood.z Compare the kinds of things you remember. Why do you think you

can remember some things but not other things?

alth o ug h h ut h oweve r /n ev e rt h e I e sstalk about books

Sam's - about selling his ftat quickty. He's had lots of people

come to see it since it went up for sale last week.

My sister's with me because I borrowed her favourite iacketwithout asking her.

When I was learning to ski she gave me so many different pieces of

advice that I just ended up totally

Environmental groups are - that the government is seriousabout tackl ing the problem of gtobat warming.

I'm very to know why Sarah got the job of MarketingDirector. She's only been in the company a few months.

I'm afraid I'm fairly in politics and politicians. They a[[ seem

to say the same things these daYs.

The fact that he didn't want to answer the police officer's questions

made them

Julie's mother was quite when they told her they were going

to get married in June. They've only been together since November.

3 Choose six of the feelings from Ex. r. Try to remember the last timeyou had each ofthem. Tell another student about why you hadthese feelings.

Reading4 a Look at the cover of the book The Memory Box and discuss with

other students what you think i t might be about.

!r Read the extract and decide who Susannah, Charlotte andCatherine are.

5 f t .

7

Read the extract again and answer these questions.'susannah was apparently perfect, as the dead so often become.'( t . r) What do you think this means?

How did Catherine feel about what people said about her mother?'The existence of the memory box may have troubled my fatherfrom the beginning.' (l.ro) Why do you think this might have been?

Catherine thinks she would have reacted differently to the memorybox aged ten or fifteen. Do you think this is likety? lf so, why?

5 Why do you think Catherine didn' t want to think about her realmother as she was growing up?

6 How do you think Catherine felt when she first came across thememory box?

h Find examples in the extract of five of the feelings referred to in

Ex. r. Explain who has the feelings and what causes them.

6 Discuss.r What kinds of things do you think Susannah might have left in the

'memory box' for Catherine?

z What do you think the point of the memory box was?

3 How would you feel about making or being given a memory box?

2

3

2

Voea,buTary I feetinss

* Look at the woman in thepicture. How do you thinkshe might be feeling?

b Listen to thesepeople describing how theyare feeling. Match one of thewords in the box below toeach person.

confused suspiciousuneasy cur iousannoyed exciteduninterested scepticaloptimistic shockedrelieved

Complete each of thefollowing sentences with themost appropriate word fromEx. r.

She's very that thepol ice have dropped al l thecharges against her.

Our children are gettingvery - about our tripto Disneyworld next month.They keep asking whenwe're going.

Most of the peopleinterviewed said they fett

about the idea ofliving near a nuclear powerstation.

usannah was apparently perfect, as thedead so often become. She was, it seemed,perfectiy beautiful, perfectly good, and perfectlyh"ppy during her comparatively short life. They

; said she met life with open arms, ever positive andoptimistic. I do not believe a word of this. How,after all, could she be happy, knowing she was likelyto die soon, when she was a mere thirty-one yearsold and I, her baby, was hardly six months old?

rt I have a feeling that the existence of the memorybox may have troubled my father from thebeginning. He didn't give it to me until mytwenty-first birthday even though it had been inour house all that time. Charlotte knew about

:5 it, of course, but neither she nor my fathercould bring themselves to mention it. I thinkthey were both afraid of its significance. Also, Iwas a highly imaginative child and they simplydidn't know how to introduce this memory box

20 into mv life.

Now, however, their nervousness makes me curious. Whatexactly were they afraid of? Did they think I might be shocked,and if so why? At any rate, both of them were visibly on edge,almost guilty, when finally on the morning of my twenty-first birthdaythey told me about it. It was clear they were relieved when I showed little interestin it. I said I didn't want to open it, or even see it.

This was a lie, and yet not a lie. The box did, in fact, make me curious even if I found i wanted to suppress thefeeling. Aged ten, I don't think I would have been able to. I'm sure I would have been too excited at the thoughtthat it might contain all sorts of treasures; and then around fifteen I d have found it irresistibly romantic andwould have been ready to weep on discovering dried roses pressed between the pages of meaningful poems. Butat twenty-one I was very self-centred; my currosity was only slight and I could more easily deny it. In fact, I felt akind of nausea, at the notion of a dying woman choosing what to put in a box for me.

Nevertheless, there was no doubt that it forced me to think of Susannah. Grorvrng up, I could hardiy havethought of her less, wanting Charlotte to be my only mother. I rt'as alrvays funous if anyone referred to her asmy stepmother. However, Charlotte herself would try to calm me by pointing out that, whether I liked it or not,that was exactly what she was.

After Charlotte died, the hardest thing I had to do was go back into our old home. For a whole month, I wasobliged to go there day after day until every bit of furniture, every object, every book and picture, every piece ofclothing, every last curtain and cushion was sorted out and ready to be collected by all manner of people. Thiswas, of course, how I found the box, even though I verynearly missed it. My attention might not have beencaught if it had not been for an odd-looking pinklabel attached to the parcel. On the label, written ";i::t

25

3o

40

Gfa I afthaugh/but/however/nevertheless

7 Look at the pairs of sentences in the Active grammar box.pair, one sentence is correct and one is not. Decide whichnot correct and why.

eaking1O a Thinkabouta book/ f i lm

that you have read/seenthat you can remember quitewel[.

Make some notes about:

the basic plot

things you part icular lyl iked about i t

any cr i t ic isms you had of i t

ln eachone is

ba

a1 a

b

2 a

b

3 a

b

4 a

b

He didn't give it to me until my zst birthdoy. Althoughit had been in our house all that time.

He didn't give it to me until my 2$t birthday, althoughit had been in our house all that time.

The ink on the label had faded hut you could still readmy name.

The ink on the lobel had faded but, you could still readmy name.

However I was always furious if anyone referred toChorlotte as my stepmother, she would always point outthat that was exactly what she was.

I was al furious if anyone referred to Charlotte asmy stepmother. However, she would alwoys point outthat that was exactly what she wos.

The idea of a g woman putting things in a specialbox far me was very strange. Neve eless, it forcedme to think obout her.

The idea of a g womon putting things in a speciolbox for me was very strange neve eless it forced me tothink about hen

8

see Reference plge Z3

Choose the correct alternative.

r She really liked the shoes but/nevertheless they were just tooexpensive.

z Although/lloweverlhe jacket was quite cheap, it wasn't exactly thecotour she wanted.

3 l t is t rue that Mr Bi l l ingham left the shop without paying for thecamera. Nevertheless/Although, he has been under a lot of stress atwork recently.

4 We ran to catch the 8.r5a.m. Irain but/although we arrived just afteri t had gone.

5 They decided to get a dog however/although they didn't have agarden.

6 He promised that he woutd try and find the file. Butft' lowever,heknew that it had been destroved.

a Complete each of the sentences below in a logical way.

r The food in the restaurant was extremely good. However, ...z I l ike Jane very much buf she . . .

3 I real ise that you have worked for this company for many years.Nevertheless, ...

4 We decided to buy the house although ...

b Now write the sentences again using a different expression ofcontra:;t.

I

The Me^orgTlaT<

PlotCatl^eri r^e r'lircavenr A' ̂ e^o t'9

brV' lt( bg l"cn ,cal ̂ other'

Tl"i"4sI l;kelTrtt-rertidl iolu (ar a rtarg

Criticirtus

A b i t s luw a l l ims

e Listen to someonetatking about Ihe MemoryBox and what they thoughtof it. Were they generallypositive or negative?

d Now, tel lother studentsabout the book/f i tm youchose. Refer to the plot,things you l iked andany crit icisms. Use theexpressions from Ex. 9 whereappropriate.

Lifelong learning

Graded readers

Did you know that you canread many famous andclassic novels in a simplifiedversion suitable for yourlevel of Engtish? (See www.penguinreaders.com formore information.)

a Match the underlined expressions r-g with the correct meaning a-h.b Which picture does each expression relate to?

2 Complete the following sentences. Try not to refer to Ex. r.r she loved answering al l the questions in class. she thought she was

so clever. She was a realz He didn' t l ike going out with fr iends and he spent most of the t ime

at home in his room on the computer or reading. He was a bi t of a_ really.

3 They say he'tl be a partner of the firm by the time he's thirty. He's areal

4 lwish Carol ine would stop coming into my room and borrowing myclothes. She's a pain _ .Brian's been asking about getting an increase in his satary. Witt youtalk to him about i t? On the subject of money he's a bi t of an _ .I know Steve is a bit loud and insensitive at times but honestly, hisheart's

She had to go out to work from the age of fifteen and has had quitea difficult life. As a result she's as hardHe never seemed to get excited about anything. All in alt, he was abit of a cold

3 a Think about peopleyou know who you coulddescribe with five of theexpressions in Ex. r.

b Describe the people toother students. Say how youknow them and what theyare [ike. The other studentsshould say which expressionfrom Ex. r is appropriate foreach person.

Discuss. Which of theexpressions do you havein your language? Do youhave expressions which aredifferent but contain thesame idea?

4

r He's a bit of a cold fish. a) a very kind person who has the rightfeel ings about something important

z She's as hard as nai ls. b) very annoying, a nuisance3 He's a pain in the neck. c) someone who behaves as if thev

know everything4 Her heart 's in the r ight place. d) someone who is extremety

successful in their iob or in school5 He's an awkward customer. e) someone who prefers to be on their

own6 She's a real know-a[[. f) unfriendly person who seems to

have no strong feelings7 He's a high-flver. g) a difficutt person to deaI with8 She's a bit of a loner. h) very tough or not car ing about the

effects of your actions on otherpeople

HIS ORY!lmagine someone

- a child' a future

u,"ri"-"orosi.t l: :-'Hi"]::l ff ff;,.,t'.''."8J "r:::""","i'l$ ff ;; ;; s r ro m n ow

.o nr' o"' the sensatio" ::1tjl :':":^il;Consroet . " " " - ' r r roa the 21st : : l ,uru

Ancient artefactr^"" i -ound in bur ied t ime capsutet '

These future people wrll study your

F chosen obiects t '"* tn" past- a crumbling

€ newspaper' a coin' a birthday oho]o' a

? oiece of tecnnotogy - and they wil l learn a

I + Prvv- -

l i tt le bit more about us'

MAI{E, YOUR

Leave Your mark on the tuture'

Be a part of history'

BurY a time caPsule'

Look at the picture and advert. What are thepeople putt ing in the ground and why?

Listen to someone tatking about whatshe put in a t ime capsule in977. Mal<e anote of f ive general pieces of advice she gives

to other peopte who want to prepare a t imeca psu le .

, Work in groups. Choose f ive things to put inyour t ime capsule. Use the examples betow or

other ideas. Give reasons to iusti fy each of your

ideas.I think we should include a globe of the warld sa

that they know how the world is divided'

ln my apinian, we ought to put o typical piece

of dothing like ieans so thot they know how we

clress.

What abaut putting in o newspoper so that they

know the importont things thot are hoppening in

the world tadav?

' Exptain your choices to other groups.Which group do you atl think had the best t imecapsule? Why?

Use used fo to talk about past habits and states thatdo not happen now.I used to catch the bus to work but now I go by bike.I used to have blond hair.She didn't use to be nearly so ombitious.Did you use to enjoy travelling for your job?

In the negative and question forms use does notf inish with a'd'.Use would to also talk about past habits but notpast states.When we were little, we would dress up and pretend tobe kings and queens.

We used to live in Manchester. (Not)

Use gef used to to describe the process of becomingaccustomed to a new situation.We're getting used to living in a small villoge in thecountry but it's still a little strange.Use be used to to say when you have becomeaccustomed to a new situation.She's used to being her own boss.With be/get used to, the spetling is always used witha 'd ' .

E ressing abilityUse can to talk about present or 'general ' abi l i ty.

She can speak Russion quite well.

Can you play any musical instruments?

Use will be able fo to talk about future ability.

She'll be able to run rcom in under u seconds by theend of the year.

Use could or was/were able to to talk about past or'general' ability.

They could both ski quite well by the time they wereseven or eight years old.

She was able to communicate effectively in Arabic afterworking in Egypt for o year.

Use was/were able to or manoged to or succeededin (+ -ing) to say what someone could do on apart icular occasion.

They were able to get into the hause by forcing openthe back door.

She managed to pay off all her debt5 by working in theevenings ond at weekends.

Use know how to and good/bad at, etc. to describedifferent levels of ability.

She knows how to count to ten in Japonese.He's not very good at speoking in public.

NeuerthelessUse al l of these l inking words to show that what youare saying is surpr is ing or unexpected in relat ion tosomething else you know to be true.

torm Although + clause, clause.

Although she was half an hour late, they decided towait o bit longer.

Form clause, + al though + clause.

They decided to woit a bit longer, although she woshalf an hour late.

(Though can be used as a shortened form ofal though. l t is more common in informal speech.)

Use even though to emphasise a contrast.

Even though I was very angry with him, I didn't sayanything.

Form senten ce. + Howeve evertheless, + clause.(N eve rtheless is formal.)

She wos half an hour late. However, they decided towoit o bit longer.

Your work has not been of a very high stondardrecently. Nevertheless, I am stiil going to give you afive percent pay increase.

Form c tause + bu t + c lause. (But i s no t usua[ [y usedto beg in a sentence. )

She was half an hour late but they decided to woit o bitlonger.

Key vocabulary

Memoryremember memory souvenir memorableremind reminisce nostalgic forgetful

AppearanceHair: straight curly wavy going a bit batdmousy spiky dyedFace: wrinkles clean-shaven chubby roundBuild: muscular stocky a bit overweight slimGeneral: good-[ooking scruffy elegant tanned

Feelingsconfused suspicious un€asy cur ious annoyedexcited uninterested scepticaI optimisticshocked relieved

ldioms describing peoplea cold f ish as hard as nai ls a oain in the neck(someone's) heart is in the right placean awkward customer a real know-att a high-flyera bi t of a loner

Ia

I

Complete the following text with used to or getused to and the correct form of a verb from thebox.(r) rsc# t* tes#t

have be f inish teach not understand a

Complete the second sentence with the wordin bold so that i t means the same as the f irstsentence.

5ht ls t:*le t* play thr. pi*;tt: verv we!!"

{$f?

Sf,e mn play ihe pirsn* v*rv v,'*ll"

Do you think i t wit t be possible for you to f in ishthe presentat ion by Fr iday?ableDo you think you f inish thepresentat ion by Fr iday?

They f inatty succeeded in gett ing the car out ofthe mud.managedThey f inal ty the car out of the mud.

I was quite good at drawing as a chi ld.couldI _ qu i te we l [ as a ch i ld .

He fai ted to persuade the other emptoyees togo on strike.ableHe _ persuade the other employees togo on strike.

She couldn' t make his camera work.know

She make his camera work.

6 Were you able to speak to Brian before hewent home?manageDid _ speak to Brian before he wenthome?

Complete the sentences with one of the words/phrases from the Key vocabulary section onpage 73.5he nev*r says n:u*: rsnd rtfw*ys keeps herself toI'r*rs*l{. \tue's * hit *i

r We were a[] very _ when she arrivedhome safely at midnight.

z What 's happened to your beard? I 've neverseen you before.

3 My sister was always . Even as a chi ld,she never seemed very interested in havingfr iends.

4 l im has become quite _ in his arms andlegs since he started going to the gym.

5 My l i t t le brother is a real . He keepscoming into my room and disturbing me whenI'm trying to study.

6 My father said I should go to universi ty but mybrother told me i t was a waste of t ime so I wasquite _ about what to do.

d]

e}

I

I recently went back to Cairo where I

(1) Engl ish as a foreign language tn

,n" "*,t

1gBOs' A lot had changed' The area

where I lived (2) verY quiet but,it 's

much busier now' There are more modern

bui ldings and bigger roads' I remember rvhen

I first arrived that it took a while to (3r --- -

most of the shop signs' as the)' rvere in \rabic

Now a lot of them are in Engl ish too' Eren

evening we (4) our classes at 9 3Op'm'

and then al l go out to a nearbr club rrhich had

l ' r1"", discol I looked ior the club but sadly

i t had gone' Cairo is a marvel lous place and I

reall', ' missed it rvhen I came back to Britain'

It took me ages to (5) ---- a very different

stvle of life.

z Rewrite the pairs of sentences with correctpunctuation, using the words in brackets in thecorrect place.

It r*ined. * ksf" W* h*rj a rpnllv qfr*d tine"{':lt!ii:,; r;l;}

&iii:*ur;lt it" rcinerj * lst. we h*d * r**lljt g**itims.

r I managed to get a few hours's leep. The partyin the ftat upstairs was very noisy. (however)

z I would say that Charlot te is my best f r iend.I've only known her for a few months.(atthough)

3 | wanted to have a party this weekend. Myparents weren' t happy about the idea. (but)

4 She seems to be in love with him. He is veryu nreliable. (nevertheless)

5 Sandra is a very good student. She wi l l needto work a bi t harder i f she wants to pass herexams. (however).

6 | had al l the necessary qual i f icat ions. I didn' tget the job. (although)

7 | enioyed the f i tm. Some of the act ing wasawfut. (but)

4"

Lead-in1 Discuss.

r What can you see in the photos?z Which of the ptaces would you most l ike to exptore? Why?

2 Listen and answer these quest ions.

r What gave the speaker the idea to travel?z Why d id she go to Spa in?

3 How did she feel when she f i rst got to Guatemala? Whv?4 How did she feel later?

s+ Listen again and complete the expressions.r I began to have feet and wanted to leave work.z I was a bit worried about going into uncharted3 | went os an _traveller, on mv own.

Y -,.",.-. 4 | spent a month around the town.5 | was bitten by the travel and wanted to exotore lots of

other places.

6 The first two months were difficult and I experienced realshock.

fu Check the meanings of the expressions using a dict ionary.

D iscuss .

r Why do you think people are bi t ten by the travet bug?z Has i t ever happened to you?

3 Do you ever have i tchy feet?

: t . ' ,7

Present Perfect Simple and Continuouswrite an informal email

Reading1 Charlotte Uhlenbroek spent

over four months in thejungle. Before you readabout her, discuss thesequestions.

r Which things do you thinkyou would find difficutt inthe jungle?

z Which things do you thinkyou would most like todo when you returned to'civilisation'?

s*ten h' the i

Sand ft ies, sweat bees, eightg-metre hign trees ... Hett for most ofus, ues, but alt in a dag3 work for chartotte uhtenbroek. She movesas eteganttg through the lounge of London,s savog Hotet as she ooesthrough the Amazon jungle. But white she toves the adventure. sheis atso grad to be back in'civit isation" at teast for the moment.She's just finished fitming a TV series catted Jungte - a gruettingnineteen-week job that invotved her exptoring the dense jungtes ofthe congq the Amazon and Borneo. she saus that it was fascinating,but daunting as wett. so what was her most chattenging experience?'Definitetg ctimbing an eightg-metre high tree in Borneo, when [mpetrified of heightsl I had to xeep going up and up, when a voiceInsrde me was saging, 'Down! Down!- I kept thinking the ropes weregoing to break and send me ptummeting down betow.,And 'down betow, was where the bugs were _ ct inging, st inging,sucking beasts. Apart from the usuat mosquitoes, in the Am;zonrainforest, she was ptagued bg sand ftg bites. , t ,ve had somehorrible bites but these reattu are the itchiest bites t,ve ever had.At one stage, I counted seventg bites on one arm,'she sags. lustas annoging were the sweat bees in the congo. Theu tru to drinKthe sweat on uour face and even the tears from gour eues. Themost disgusting thing, though, was rging to putt the stimg teecnesoff uour skin. The more I putted, the more theg stretched and tnetighter their jaws ctung to mg teg. I kept shoutinq, "Get them off!"and the f i tm crew kept saUing, .tust a minute .. . this makes a reattUgood shot!" '

chartotte's journeg into the heart of the wortd,s most signif icantrainforests was an inspir ing experience. ,The rainforest ieatfg ist ike a citg. Each tree is t ike an urban tower btock with hundreds ofresidents. t f uou knock it oown, gou cause just as much disruptionand damage as if those residents were human. The jungte isextraordinarg because atthough it ontg covers about six percent0f the wortd, i t contains over f i f tg percent of att known animat andptant species, ptus tots more that are unknown, too.,Back in London, what has she been enjoging since her return to'civit isation'? ' t 've been having t0ts of nice, tong showers,, she sags.' ln the C0ng0 | was atwaus worried ahout using up att our watersuppties. And I f ind that when l,ve been in hot, uncomfortabtecondit ions for a white, the things I took forward to more thananuthing etse are being with mg famitg and enjoging mg favourite :mea[. '

i .

2 Read the text and answer the questions in Ex. r about Charlotte.

A Read the text again and decide if the statements are true (T), false(F) or we don't know (DK).

r Charlotte looks and feels 'out of place' in the Savoy Hotel.z She had to ctimb talt trees without the use of ropes.

I The mosquito bites she had were the worst bites she's ever had.

+ She cried because she couldn't stand the sweat bees on her face.

s The film crew helped her to get the leeches off her leg.6 She compares d tree with a tower block because there are so many

living things in each tree.

z The water she used in the Congo was usually dirty.8 When she gets home, she loves doing the cooking for her family.

4 Discuss. Would you tike to go on a jungle expedition? Why/Why not?

Gfa &f I Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

5 Match the examples r-4 with the correct rules A-D in the Activegrammar box.

Active grarnmar

filming a TV series called 'lungle' (ond isglad to be back in 'civilisation').

l've had some horrible bites but these are the itchiest bitesl've ever hod.

in jungles for a total of nineteen weeks and l'mgoing home to

' lots of nice, Iong showers' .

Use the Present Perfect Simpte to talk about an action orexperience in the past when the time is not important or notknown.

Use the Present Perfect Simple to describe an action thatstarted in the past and continues in the present, when you'refocussing on the finished action (or on the number of timesthe action has been compteted up to the time of speaking).Use the Present Perfect Continuous to describe an actionthat started in the past and continues in the present, whenyou're focussing on the activity itself. We often use for(length of time)/since (starting point) to talk about theduration of the activity.Use the Present Perfect Simple to describe an action thathappened in the past but has the result in the present. Weoften use just, yet or already in this case.

/usf means a short time ago. lt usually comes between has/hove and the past participle.

Already shows that something happened sooner thanexpected. lt usually comes between haslhove and the pastparticiple or at the end ofthe sentence.Yef shows that the speaker expected something to happenbefore now. lt is used at the end of negatives and questions.

6 Correct the mistake in eachsentence.

r I've been to the Brazilianrainforest in zoo3.

z She's bought already herplane tickets.I've been visiting ftiends inItaly three times this year-

What you been doing since| last spoke to you?

Have you yet seen that film,Sahara?

6 He just has spoken to thetour guide about i t .I 've been learning Spanishsince two months.Have you been knowingeach other long?

Complete the sentencesby using the prompts inbrackets. Use the PresentPerfect Simple, PresentPerfect Continuous or PastSimple.

(you/go/ever) to ajungte?

(you/decide)where to go for your nexthotiday?How long _ (you/study) English?What do you want to dotoday that _ (you/not do/yet)?Where _ (you/go)for your last hotiday?How much coffee(you/have/already) today?

(you/have/ever) abad insect bite?Where _ (you/tive)for the last year?

Person to person

A a, In pairs, ask and answerthe questions in Ex. 7.

b Choose one ofthequestions you asked and askyour partner more detailsabout it.

7

see Reference poge 87

A:

B:I a Find these adjectives in the text on page 75.In pairs, discuss what you think they mean. Usethe sentences around the word to help you.

r fascinating (para. z)z daunting (para. z)

3 challenging (para. z)

4 petrified (para. z)

5 annoying (para. l)6 disgusting (para. t)7 inspiring (para. 4)I worried (para. S)

b Look at the words and their context in thetext again and choose the correct alternativesfor these rules.

r Use adjectives ending in -ed/-ing to describesomeone's feelings.

z Use adjectives ending in -ed/-ing to describe asi tuat ion.

e Write sentences with adjectives from Ex. 9a.

Pronunciation

10 Listen and mark the main stress for eachadjective.

r fascinated, fascinatingz daunted, daunt ing

3 chal lenged,chal lenging

4 petrified, petrifiTing

5 annoyed, annoying6 disgusted,disgust ing

7 inspired, inspir ing8 worried, worrying

11 a Complete the dialogues with the mostappropriate adjective from Ex. ro.

A: Do you l ike camping?B: I can honestly say I hate it! | spent a week

camping once and every night I wasO - because it was so dark and I kepthearing animals. I even found putt ing up mytent qui te (z) _. l t 's qui te old and oneor two of the bits were missing.

A: Are you scared of heights?B: Wel[, no actually. I tike being high up. I went

up in a small aeroplane a few years ago. I wasa littte (f) _ at first because it was abit bumpy. But in the end I found the whoteexperience reatty (+) . lt made mewant to do other things - perhaps even goparachuting one day.

How do you feel about eating food you've nevertried before?I don' t usual ly mind new vegetables and thingsbut I'm not very keen on eating meat I've nevertried before. Actually, the other day, a friend ofmine persuaded me to try snai ls. I was

G) _ with him because he didn' t tel [ mewhat they were. He pretended they were bitsof chicken. Wel l , when I found out, lwas nearlysick! They were really (6) _ !How would you fee[ about a iob that involvedworking with animals?I've iust spent the summer holidays working ata monkey sanctuary and I loved it. You mightnot think monkeys are very interesting butthey're () _when you get to know them.Some things were difficult - like catching themto give them medicine was pretty (8) _,but i t was al lvery rewarding.

b Listen and check your answers.

t2 a Ask and answer the questions in Ex. na withother students. Use the adjectives in Ex. ro.

b Who has the most similar feel ings to you?

iting13 Read the email in the Writ ing bank on page 16z

and do the exercises.

14 Choose one of the situations in Ex. rra andwrite an emailto a fr iend tetl ing him/her aboutyour experience. Use Maisie's email and theparagraph plan below to help you.

Paragraph r: explain where you are and why, andhow you feelParagraph z: describe what you've been doingParagraph 3: say how you feel about finishing

B:

quest ionsask and answer quest ions about unusual places

ReadinggL :s Lool< at the photo of Bhutan and discuss.

r What do you think t i fe is l ike there?z Why do you think few tourists go to this country?

!- : Read the text quicl<ly and checl< your ideas.

Nil t-l I'Al\[ is a countryof about 750,000 people in

the eastern Himalayas. Visitors

may be surprised how much

culture. tradition and nature

are all flourishing in Lhis very

private country. The Bhutanese

people believe that all forms of

life, human and non-human, are

precious and sacred. Because

of this attitude, they live in

harmony with nature and their

environment remains pristine,

with an astonishing variety of

animals, birds and plants. The

people live in harmony with each

other too. with no discrimination

of any kind.

In order to safeguard this

rich natural environment

and peaceful culture, Bhutan

has adopted a cautious and

controlled approach to tourism.

In 2003. there were fewer than

6000 tourists and this number is

not expected to increase greatly.

\o independent travellers are

permitted in Bhutan; all tourists

must go on a pre-planned,

prepaid, guided, package tour.

However, if you make the effort

and manage to get a visa and

arrange a trip, you will certainly

have a Iife-changing experience

in this magical kingdom.

n Read the text again. Then, with a partner, summarise the text 'smain points about a) important bel iefs of Bhutanese people, b)na ture in Bhutan and c ) tour ism in Bhutan .

3 Discuss. Would you l ike to vis i t Bhutan? Why/Why not? Do youth ink Bhutanese peop le wou ld exper ience cu t tu re shoc l< i f theyvisi ted your country? ln what ways?

4 #i f f i L isten and dee ide which of these quest ions each of the threepeop le a re ta tk ing about :

A : What 's the u , iea ther I i ke n your count ry?B: \A/hat 's your favouri te type of weather?

iJ Look at the tapescript on page qt and wri te the underl inedwords in the cor rec t p lace in the tab le be tow.

COLD WARM/HOT RAIN WINDY SKY WEATHER IN GENERAL

ta0 ! $sirJll {led}r

: : . : lp Oult t , explain the di f ferences in meaning between the wordsin each column in the table. Use a dict ionary i f necessary.

, : : Look at the words again and decide:

r i f each one is a noun, adject ive or verb, e.g. breeze = n{ lunz what other forms there are, e.g. breeze (n), breezy (adj)

6 Match one of the words fromEx. 5 on pageTg to each ofthe sentences.tt was perfect weather forflying kites.

r The weather in lreland isn'tusually very hot or verycold.

z I got completely soakedeven though it was onlY afive-minute walk.We had to sit in the shadeuntil quite late in theafternoon.The sky was full of cloudsand the sun didn' t comeout all day.

It only rained for about tenminutes and then i t wasf ine.

; lt was warm in the daY butI was glad I'd taken a jacket

for the evenings.' I l ike heavy rain but I can't

stand it when it rains gentlY

for hours and hours.

I We were freezing whenwe went camPing desPitehavin g extra-thick sleePingbags.

I You'tl need sun cream anda raincoat. You never knowwhat the weather wilt bel ike.

ro lt was a lovety place - blueskies and the light wasreally good for takingphotographs.

7 Discuss.How would you describethe weather in your area/country?How would you like theweather where you liveto be different?

How do you think thiswould improve your life?

Does the weather affectyour mood? In what waYs?

Listening8 a lf you were going on hotiday to Bhutan what sort of things would

you like to know about in advance, e.g. the weather?

b l!!t Listen to a question and answer session with an expert on

Bhutan and some peopte who are considering a trip there. In what

order do they tatk about the things in the box?

special events/festivals ! the ideal time of Year to visit !tooa l *ha i todoth ;n what to take ! o rgan isedt r ips !

WHENTO GO:

fipfug any' aatann arc tlu bwt susors to go

ionigo tn vtntet beunse A), -oon't-go insttwtubeuase (z) -

ACTIVITIES:

TrekLhS k fafttastk - anazingvinvs anl' a lot of diffetent (t)

CLOTHES:

ii nf foWt a h ke: u in gur 1n/' sud (+)

Also, for tfu snn: a lut anl' (s) , ,DonTbrittg @ -ot (7) -forfiekkittg (tt's atlptwtfud)

nainingwdkn96edk (e)

FESTIVALS:

ik" *io urrou for festtuals k for peopb to (e)

nfottluflags k foryeoPba (to)

1O Discuss. Woutd you tike to go on the organised trekking trips

described in the listening? Why/Why not? Have you been to any

festivats or celebrations in your country or abroad which you

particularly enioyed? Give details.

I,:IttItx

I Listen again and complete the notes below.

Gra fi,f I questions

1 1 Comptete the questions in the Active grammar box. Then, look atthe tapescript on page tTtand check your answers.

Direct questionsThere are two main types of direct questions:A Yes/No questions G) _ to corry all our equipment?

B Wh-quest ions

(z) _ provideaguide?

at octivities (9 _ ?When (q) _ the best e to go?

Subject questions are used when the question word (e.g. who)refers to the subject of the sentence. When a wh- word replacesthe subject in a question we do not use the auxiliary verb.Who (il - with the trekking group?

Indirect questions:

Use indirect questions when you want to be polite (e.g. whenyou don't know someone). There are different ways of startingindirect questions (e.g. Do you know ..., Can you tell me ...).Use the word order of positive statements. Use f or whether forindirect Yes /t'l o q uestions.Can you tell me what (6) _ ?Could I ask you what () _ likelDo you know (8) _ any interesting festivals at that e?l'd like to know (g) _ to take an ing special.

see Reference page 87

a Correct the mistake in each question.

You go on holiday every year?

Do you go on holiday every year?

r Where you are living at the moment?z He has ever been trekking before?3 Who did give you those lovely flowers?4 What time you be here tomorrow?5 You having a hol iday soon?6 When this company was started?

fu Change the questions above into indirect questions startingwith the words given.

Can I ask you if you go on holiday every yeor?

r Can you tell mez Do you know

3 Can I ask you

4 Can you te [ [ r

5 Do you know6 I'd like to kna

Can I ask you ?

Can you te [ [meDo you know

eaking

18 a Find out abouttwo othertypes of holiday. In A/Bgroups write questions usingthe notes below to help you.

Student As write questionsabout camel trips in Egypt.

Student Bs write questionsabout bird watching inMexico.

Think about cost, location,what the area is like,accommodation, food,facilities, activities/organised tours.

& Student As read thetext about bird watching inMexico on page r5o. prepareto answer your partnertquestions.

Student Bs read the textabout cameltr ips in Egypt onpage 145. Prepare to answeryour partner's questions.

* Work in A/B pairs. Taketurns to ask and answerquestions.

14 Discuss. Which holidaywould you rather go on: birdwatching in Mexico, camelriding in Egypt or trekking inBhutan? Why?

1 g

I 'd tike to know

vocabulary I verb phrases about moving/travetting Reading

Workwi thapar tner .Match theunder l inedverbphrasesr -Swi th thecorrect definitions a-h. Use a dictionary if necessary'

r My parents are Scottish but they emigrated to Australia'

z My brother has tived abroad for ten years so I don't see him much'

3 I've iust moved house. Here's my new address'

4 My sister left home when she was r8 and went to university in York'

5 | spent a lot of hol idays iust roaming around the countryside'

expIoring.

6 After weeks of planning, we finatly set off on our round-the-world

tr iP.

7 We atl cried when we went to see her off at the airport'

e I'n-off to the shops. ls there anything you need?

a) to [ive in a foreign country

b) to leave your house and go to live in another one

c) to teave your country and go to live in another country

d) to walk or travet, with no definite purpose

e) when you are ready to go or you're going to go somewhere very soon

f) to leave at the start of a iourney (especiatly an important' exciting or

difficutt iourneY)g) when a young person leaves his/her parents' house and goes to live

somewhere else

h) to go to an airport, train station, etc' to say goodbye to someone

who is leaving

2 C o m p t e t e t h e q u e s t i o n s w i t h t h e c o r r e c t f o r m o f a p h r a s e f r o m E x . r .r At what age do young people in your country typical ty -?

z Do you tike peopte to come and -- (you) at the airport?

3 What t ime did you - when you last went on hol iday?

4 which country would you move to i f you l ived -?

5 What would You miss i f You - ?

6 How many times have you in your tife?

7 Where (You) to after class todaY?

8 When was the last t ime you went to a new place and iust

without anY clear direction?

4 a Discuss. Do You think the

foltowing statements are true (T)

or fatse (F)?

A Over a mit t ion Bri t ish PeoPleemigrate everY Year-

B Spain is a PoPular dest inat ion

for British PeoPte to emigrate

to.

C Most PeoPle who emigrate go

back home after a Year.

b Read the text quicklY and

check your answers.

Read the text again and match

each paragraPh with the most

appropriate summarY A-G.

Three of the summary sentences

cannot be used'

A The appeal of manY Places is

the price of ProPertY' better

wages and the good weather.

B For most PeoPle who emigrate,

it 's the best thing theY've ever

done.

C Many PeoPte find that thegrass is not alwaYs as green as

they had hoPed.

There is a trend in recent t imes

for increasing numbers of

British peoPle to emigrate.

It's very difficutt to get a workpermit for PoPular countr ies

l ike Austral ia and SPain.

Some people go abroad for

about three Years in order to

earn we[[ and save moneY to go

back with.

Atthough emigrat ing can be

hard, it can also Provide PeoPlewith greater iob satisfaction.

5

You are going to ask your partner the questions from Ex'

edict what you think his/her answers wit l be'

b Ask the questions. How many did you get r ight?

3 z. First,

O N T H E M O V E !Every day, thousands of PeoPle are

on the move and,eithertemPorarilY

or permanentlY, setting uP home

abroad. Their move maY be iob-orientated or PerhaPs theY think

the grass is greener somewhere

else. Whatever their reasons, it's

clear that more and more PeoPleare stepping into the unknown and

leaving their own country.ln Britain

alone, over 4OO,OOO PeoPle make

the move each Year. But where do

they go and whY? And do theY'live

happily ever after'?

Typically a lot of people move abroad

because of their jobs.They may find

that their company is moving them

overseas but manY PeoPle make

their own decision, believing theY

will have more successful careers

abroad. Paul Derwin is a scientist who

used to be based at a Prestigious

London university. He was dissatisfied'

however, with the level of funding

and recognition he was getting and

decided to explore the possibil i t ies

California had to offer' 'Emigration

is incredibly diff icult, emotionally as

well as practically, ' he says''But after

ten years here, l've got a far nicer life

than before. I have a fantastic job and

the recognition I wanted' People take

my work much more seriouslY here'

It would be diff icult to give that up

now.'

3 The most PoPular reason for

emigrating, however, is the desire for

a better quality of life' Destinations

that place a greater value on leisure

and have a more laid-back l ifestyle

were the most PoPular' PeoPle also

look for places that wil l give them a

sunnier climate and generally hotter

weather. Britain is famous for its bad

''.:::; ': t&ti€;.. '*'1,.:4Ea::

;;':,

weather especially during the dark

and cold winter months' Southern

Spain becomes very aPPealing when

you think of the 320 days of sunshine

a year. Cheaper property is another

reason given for moving abroad'The

cost of l iving in America, for example'

is twenty percent lower than in Britain

and often salaries are slightly higher'

For all these reasons, it 's not surprising

that the toP five most regularlY

chosen destinations for Britons to

emigrate to are: the USA, Australia'

New Zealand, Canada and SPain'The

fact that most of these are English-

speaking countries is obviously also

a major factor for British people' Sue

Riddell, a thirty-year-old nurse from

Birmingham, wants to emigrate to

Australia with a group of friends"We're

fed up of the conditions we work and

live in,' she says.' l went travell ing to

Australia after I left school and I loved

it - the beaches,the fresh air,the sense

of space. lf I can, l 'm going' And I don't

know if l ' l l come back.'

Despite the fact that so many Britons

move abroad, however, most of them

go back home after onlY about three

years. Often living overseas is not as

attractive as it first seems. Generally

people emigrate because they

think life is going to be better' They

sometimes want to do this because

they get certain feelings on holiday

and theY romanticise about what it

would be l ike to l ive there.They tend

to focus on the best aspects and think

it wil l be l ike this all the time when

often that is not the case' Making

enough money and getting work can

be more diff icult abroad than at home

and peoPle tend to find theY miss

family, friends and things they took

for granted back home.

6 Discuss.

r what type of person do you think you need to be to emigrate or studv abroad?I think you need to be an independent person.

z Have you ever l ived abroad?a l f so, where did you go and what was i t l ike? What did you miss?b l f not, would you ever consider doing so? why/why not? where would vou

t ike to go?

3 ls i t common for people to emigrate from your country? l f so, where do they goand what are their reasons? Do you think they f ind what they are tooking for?

Comptete the rules in the Active grammar box.

Gra &,f I making comparisons

Active graYnrnar

Comptete the second sentence so that it means

the same as the first. Use between two and four

words (including the word in botd).

Spoin is sunnier than Britain.

isn't: Britoin isn't as sunny as Spain.

r | find learning foreign languages far moredifficult than my sister.

much: My sister learns foreign languagesthan me.

I'd prefer to live somewhere drier than this.

wet: I'd prefer to live somewhere thatthis.I'm a bit more adventurous now than I was tenyears ago.

slightty: Ten years ago lwas I am now.

At home my tife was a lot more complicatedthan i t is abroad.

much: My life abroad is - than it was at

home.

I don' t think I planned my t ime on hol idaycarefully enough.

carefully: I think I should've planned my time

on hol iday

My lifestyte in Canada now is not better orworse than it was in England.

as: My lifestyle here in Canada is - it

was in England.

Ferson to persong a Write six sentences about yourself using

comparatives and supertatives. You can use theideas in Ex.8 to help you. Four ofthe sentencesshould be true and two should be false.

I'm more adventurous thon I used to be,

h Say your sentences to another student. Canhe/she guess which two are false?

I

r A The comparative and supertative ofone-syllable adiectives (e.g. cheop)and adverbs (e.g. fasf) are generallymade by

Exceptions:

B Adjectives which end in a vowelplus a consonant (e.9. hor). Thesecomparatives and superlatives aremade by

C Adjectives which end in 'e (e.g. nrce).These comparatives and superlativesare made by -

z A The comparative and superlativeof two and three-syllabte adiectives(e.g. popular) and adverbs (e.g.carefully) are generaltY made bY

Exception:

a Two-syllable adiectives ending in-y (e.g. sunny). These comparativesand superlatives are made bY

You can also use (not) os... as to makecomparisons.

3 A We use (nof) os... as to comparethings which are (e.g. Oftenliving overseas is not as attractive asit first seems).

B We use as... os to compare thingswhich are - (e.g. The lifestYlein New Zeoland is as laid-back as inAustralia).

Some adiectives and adverbs haveinegular forms:

+ A good/well -r better -r

B bad/badly ) - + the worst;

C much + more + most;

D little + less + least;

E far + further + furthest

We can't use very to modiff comparatives'but:

5 A

B

:

*

*

We can use a bit, o little and slightlyto show differences.

We can use far, much and a lot loshow differences.

see Reference page 87

Expressions with go

Match the expressions with go in bold with thecorrect definitions a-j.

r We're going away for two weeks to stay withmy cousin.

z There's a lot of shouting next door. I wonderwhat's going on?

3 Which course have you decided to go for?4 | totatty trust Daniel le. She would never go

back on her word.

5 He went down with terrible flu the day beforehis interview.

6 I 've never been ski ing before but ld t ike tohave a go.

7 He's decided to make a go of the new businessfor at least a year.

8 I've been on the go alt day and I'm exhausted.9 lt goes without saying that we'll a[[ support

you.

ro They went to great lengths to make the party asuccesS.

a) to happenb) to catch an illnessc) to take a lot of time and effortd) to choose a part icular thinge) to attempt to do somethingf) to be clear without being saidg) to be very busy or working all the timeh) to not do what you've promised or agreed to

ooi) to make something (e.g. a business or a

marriage) successful

i) to leave your home and go to another place fora few days or weeks

Work in pairs. Say one of the definitions in Ex. r-Your partner should say the correct expression.Az to be clear without being saidB: it goes without soying

Choose the correct alternatives.

r When I'm abroad I always makelhove a go atspeaking the [anguage.

z We're going away/ouf for the weekend. Couldyou look after our cat?

3 Don't worry. lt goes without soyingltalking thatl' i l meet you at the airport.

4 There's something going down/on in the citycentre. lt 's ful[ of people.

5 Atthough they argue a lot, they want to make/have a go of their marriage.

6 | promise I won't go back with/on what I'vesaid.

7 Can you help with dinner please? l'vebeen on/off the go al lday.

8 Your teacher can't be here today. She's goneofffiown with a bad cold.

9 | couldn't decide which kitten to go owaylfor.They were all gorgeous.

ro He went to greatllong lengths to make sure hewas tota[[y prepared for the interview.

a Listen and check your answers.

b Listen again and underl ine the part of theexpression with go which has the main stress.Then repeat the sentences.

en l'm abroad I always have a ge ot speokingthe language.

a In pairs, prepare to tell a story using fiveof the expressions in Ex. r. Your story shouldinclude one of the sentences below.One day I decided that t wonted a bit moreadventure in my life.

I'd always been fascinated by the a ofloring caves.

I'd never considered myself much of an lorerbefore.

b Listen to other students'stor ies. Which didyou think was the most exciting? How far werethe stories based on true feelings/events?

2

3

4

D

' . t ' . - . , . : ' , - 9 3 r f j e a l

Are you an intrepid adventurer who loves sleeping

under the stars or someone *hif:'*:: '1::-1""

:''ffi;:ill'.'no,,ouu, in the phoros appears to H[1il:*i*f:T#:T;:i"Til"'5H,ffi"'you most? Why?

i . companion from hel l?z What is the best hot iday you've ever been on?

why? trudv vuu vE EvE' """ "" ' r i l

Do the quiz and f ind out.

.," what wourd 1I""',:1:11,""T1'":5:'*?,TI

Travelt ing c0mpaniCIns

while travell ing. : i i " '" :- 'li getting robbed

. watch Engt ish f i lms on a plane i" i.^L^^,. .n- ̂ n r ,.,,c t: ffi wr,at are you i"":::y

.o,^||':r"ll::to l isten to your coursebook CDs on a bus i l

- tr* ' ,ii: tntup tig"t*ts and perfume lots of

ty:::, ti ;;;;:"';n"mthe airPort-, i"t"?:':']*ffi;

Do the quiz with as many different students as , ou*rl;;il;;/*rchlpool independenttravel

- l ^ r i no i r r ns l e / t

1".'-'.",ll,Jl':;:il1il;il.'il;#;'";;;". ii 'o".li,.itities (e g skiing' scuba diving' etc )

When you're answering ihe questions, use the i ,,r;i what would you definitely pack in your suitcase?

ideas in the quiz and your own ideas. d., T;ffi

l.ur,,r.uaing' novels serious novels c:--+ ^iA t,i

;;ffi; guideboot<s study/work books first aid kit

*" Look at the notes you made about other : : ,*; i l s ' leepingbag penknife

students and read the descript ions on page 747.7r\ How wourd vou "l"ld.l^:::j:,.",evenins

on

in the hotel restaurant in your tent' YJ:Hl..oi:f"llTl5each

personvou ii lilil:''ffi;;:ry','lgdifferentrood

in various bars and nightclubs* Which students do you think would be thef.#i,'.?ilffi;il:'# il'il;rir'u' *tL il ffi now rong do ,.y ',*:.n^::r horidavs to be?- .r , l i . i i . ;"#i i l ; ; ' - '

' - - ' - . ' ' i ' T5.*or.thanaweek twoweeks

Travelling is learning i i being bored spiders., mosquitoes' etc'

toilels that don't work ProPerlY

v v r r y :

at leastthree or four weeks open-ended

What do you dread most about your holiday?'

missing favourite TV programmes missing friends/family

t .

nt1

Travell ing t ime is good learning t ime. +:

Brainstorm atl the ways to continue tearning r,I u"ing on u beach with only people of my nationality'

'\, not being able to speak the language

:ilt?jlr"sn'speaKrng peopte vou 'Leet '+i

ffi]*il;r;; ,;, and crafri made bvthe locars

Present Perfeet Si le andContinuousUse the Present Perfect Simple to talk about anaction or experience in the past when the t ime is notimportant or not known.I've visited several cauntries in South America.Use the Present Perfect Simple to describe an actionthat started in the past and continues in the present,when you're focussing on the f inished action or onthe number of t imes the action has been completedup to the t ime of speaking.l've lived here since last January.Contrast with Present Perfect Continuous. Use thePresent Perfect Continuous to describe an actionthat started in the past and continues in the present,when you're focussing on the activity itself.He's been playing tennis for three hours.Use the Present Perfect Simple to describe an actionthat happened in the past but has the result in thepresent.

The post has come. There's a letter for you.just, yet and already

/asf means a short t ime ago. l t usually comesbetween has/have and the past participle.l've just seen Mariana.Already shows that something happened soonerthan expected. lt usually comes between hashaveand the past part iciple or at the end ofthe sentence.l've olready done the shopping.Yef shows that the speaker expected something tohappen before now. lt is used at the end of negativesand questions.

Have you finished that emoil yet?She hasn't lied to the invitation vet,

estionsDirect questions:There are two main types of direct questions:Yes/No questions

Are you going to Donka's porty on Saturday?!/h- questions

Where did she learn to speak such good Sponish?Subject questions are used when the question word(e.g. who) refers to the subject of the sentence.When a wh- word replaces the subject in a questionwe do not use the auxiliary verb.The teacher told us to go. + o told you to go?

lndirect questions:Use indirect questions when you want to be poli te(e.g. when you don't know someone).Use the word order of positive statements.Use if or whetherfor indirect yes/No questions.Can you tell me where the nearest bank is?I'd like ta know whether this bus goes to rd.

Add -erand -est to form the comparatives andsuperlatives of:one-syl lable adjectives and adverbstwo-syl lable adjectives and adverbs ending in yUse more and most to form the comparatives andsuperlatives of two or more syllable adjectives andadverbs.You can also use (not) as... as to make comparisons.I can't play the piono as well as Michael.We can't use very to modify comparatives, but wecan use the fol lowing:for a small difference - a bit, a little, stightlyfor a larger difference - far, much, very much, o lot,quite a lotI'm feeling quite a lot better todoy.

Key voc ularyExploringto have itchy feet to be bitten by the travel bugto go as an independent travel ler to experienceculture shock to go/be taken into unchartedterr i tory to wander around

Adjectives with -ed and -ing endingsfascinated /fasci nating dau nted /dau nti ngcha lle nged /cha[[e nging petrified/petrifuinga n noyed /annoying d isgusted/d isgusti nginspired/ inspir ing worr ied/worrying

Weathercool chi t ty subzero temperatures mi ldscorching to pour to drizzleldrizzle shower/showery breezef breezy clear overcast brightchangeable

Verb phrases about moving/travellingto emigrate to live abroad to move houseto [eave home to roam around to set offto see someone off to be off

Expressions with goto go away to go on to go for to go back onto go down with to have a go at to make a go ofto be on the go to go without sayingto go to great lengths

J Choose the correct at ternat ives.

t l 've writtenlve been writing eight emails atlmorn ing .

2

3

l 've seenlSow a realty awful film yesterday.

My brother is in France. He's been there for/since a week.

She's very wetl travelled. She's been/gone Iomore than twenty countr ies.

Bitly's the nicest person l've ever/alreody met.

I live in a flat in London. l 've lived/lived here forthree years.

He's workedheen working in the garden forhours and he's exhausted.

Write indirect questions for the underl inedanswers start ing with the words given andusing the words in brackeis.

r Can ? (this shop)

It ctoses at hatf past five.

I'd (can buy/theatretickets here)

Yes, vou can.

Would ? (you/f inish your

homework)I ' t t def ini tety f in ish i i by rz.oo.

4 Can ? (the mostinterest ing country/you ever vis i t )?

I 'm not sure - ei ther Japan or Russia.

Choose the correct al ternat ives.

2

" | : . : . 1: '' 1' .,,":1 ';;i 1.t ;aj l;ti.

My suitcase is much/more heavier than yours.

Tania got the worse/uorsf maths results in thewhole class.

The exam wasn't as difficult than/as l'dexpected.You're the most/more helpfut person I know.

You need to speak quite/quiet a lot louder thanthat.People are far more friendlylfriendlierherethan in my country.

This one is a/the tittte more expensive thantha t one.Which actor is the betterhesf: Brad Pitt orLeonardo DiCaorio?

4

5

56

8 Woutd you like some coffee? l've yet/iust madesome.

Write sentences using the prompts. Usethe Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple orContinuous.

, " , : . : i ' , , 1 ; ' ' : i a : : . ' : : ; ' ( . : , ' : i : i : ; : ' i ' : . ' . ' 1 : ; : , - l . ; - : ! , : , :

' a l ' : : : , 1 : l a : .

r He/already/phone me/three t imes today.

z We/go/to India/three weeks last summer.

r l / just i see/a reat ly fantast ic musica[.

4 You/hear/ the news/yet?

s l /decorate/the l iv ing roomi at lday.

6 l /know/my best fr iendi pr imary schoo[.

7 You/ever/read/the Lord of the Rrngs books?

8 Howtong/you/study/Engt ish?

Complete the direct quest ions for theunderl ined answers.

: : i : a i ; . : i i : r . , : . ; , 1 i . , i _ , . : i : '

vour motorbike?I 've had my motorbike for a week and a ha[f .

at university?

She's going to study engineering at universi ty.

?

I think I 'm about r metre 7o cent imetres ta[ [ .

that box on the top shelf forme?No, sorry, I can' t reach i t . I can onty reach thesecond shelf.

One word is wrong in each sentence. Find theword and correct it.

3

4

56

We'l[ need an alarm because we're putting offvery early in the morning.

He's desperate to go travelting. He's got realtyscratchy feet.

ld reat ly love to make a go with drama lessons.

I think l 'm going down of a sore throat.

l ' i l g ive you a l i f t . That goes without speaking.

I experienced country shock at first and foundit hard to get used to l iv ing in a new place.

I can' t bel ieve she went back to her word.

I t was lovely having so many people to see meawav at the station.

78

h

I

:V

:t; jJ

r i : i t & .-,...-- *:-16l?€*

wltr

i 1 . 1 - : 1 l r : i i i i i : : ,

. t ' : l i i i r , . 1 r i i , f - , r q t i € f i ' t l i f i l :S ' i. ; r : I I i 1- ; r r . ; 1- , r 1 ' : . I jn- l ; i ' ; ie : : l te deSCf i i :eC; a l

' . :t l lr.: l , l i ts i.tf i lctL,: thini< th*e [1.:t ing.nt'rt ' i ii fl i.r i. r'

' : i . t : : : i l ia l :1 i i Lr- t a \ , . i ler 'CjS l : r bOie]

: . , , t : , t ' , , , i - i . i ' r i ! : - . , ' i - t i : t i i r i . ! ; r : .Fei iT OXtfeVAgaS,Uj

: : l , i l i ' r : i l r ; : i ; 1 i . : l ; eE i l ! i - 1x { ( - 5s i \ / e?- i , : i : r , . r . i i i ; i ( j , , . , " ,e5e-,1" i iStAnl ' , i i i lhet i , . .1, :Uid iL he?

: : r :' r'i.l . I i:L f:ir.: 1_,, 1, ; i 1 61 ;1 !1 | n i f :at: i-l i,a r1i3 J

, : , , r . ' ; t r : , . r :a: t ; [ . , . r " ; . , l . I t , l , j i i i \ l i i f i \ r l i l i r t nt [ - l

: ' , ' . , t i i t : :1. ; r i . rL i r t . l r i r i . i : ; r " l in f l i -hx i l ;c ; y t - lu t l r* t , le .ht tva:

1"1 r ' I I I i , 1, r L- , ' l : i - i i f t - i r . - :a n l I r r g ' l - i C I lS. . t j i - l th e I : : a i

,nr : - i i r : i : : - r r i r , . , r - r i - t i i i . ;Dei- , t i l ing S; f i t "Erq i ,1 i11. ;3:r . '

: . , i r ! : r : . l . i i . r : i1 . . . l , l r i i l i t i l l i d I ia i ]e f . , ' J [ i$ i t ' i t ; , i i l , , r . , ;

: ' t . . : . . t I

g''.':'*,

@r

countable and uncountable nouns

descr ibe how to prepare and cook a d ish

Reading1 Look at the photo and discuss.

r How does the picture make You feel?

z Do you eat a lot of fast food? Why/Why not? Do you

think that the amount of fast food you eat is healthy?

a Read the text quickly and answer this question.According to the f i lm-makel what is the main messageof the f i lm?

,

SUPg-Three t r ips to McDonald 's a daYmight be every l i t t le boy 's dream.But the real i ty was a n ightmarefor Morgan Spur lock whosef i lm Super Size Me documents 45his one-month ex is tence onfast food and i ts d isastrousconsequences. So, i f i t was soawful , why d id he do i t? Anddoes i t work as a f i lm?

50The main basis of the f i lm is thatSpur lock promises to eat threeMcDonald 's meals a day, every daY,for a month. He must only eat foodfrom McDonald 's and every t ime 55an employee asks i f he would l iketo ' supe r s i ze ' t he mea l , he mus tag ree . 'Supe r s i z i ng ' r e fe rs t o t hefact that wi th th is type of meal youget a considerably larger por t ion of eo

everyth ing. Instead of the normalburger , f r ies and a dr ink, you get

an extra- large burger , ext ra- largefr ies, and an extra- large dr ink foronly a very smal l pr ice increase. 65

Spur lock admit ted that the wholeexpe r imen t i gno red any sens ib leeat ing p lan. He knew that by eat ingthree McDonald 's meals a day, hewou ld be consuming more ca lo r i es , zofat , sa l t and sugar per meal thanhe needed. Before he star ted, threedoctors cer t i f ied that Spur lock was

183cm ta l l , weighed about 84kgand was in good heal th. Al though 75

both Spur lock and h is doctorsknew th is d iet was unheal thy, none

of them were qui te prepared forjust how unheal thy i t turned out to

be. The changes in h is bodY were 80

horr i fy ing. In the f i rs t week, heput on 4.5 k i los in weight and bY

the end of the th i r ty days he hadga ined nea r l y 14 k i l os , b r i ng ing h i s

tota l weight to a massive 98k9. 85

Weight gain was only one of

the negative effects, however.When al l three doctors saw the

severe damage to h is l iver , theY

al l recommended stoPPing the 90experiment after twenty daYs.

Spur lock cont inued to fo l low thediet , however, because he wantedto show people what th is k ind ofd iet can do to you. And you begin 95to real ise that the f i lm could be a

fast-forward picture of your l i fe:

in th i r ty days you get to see what

could happen to you over twenty or

th i r ty years of over consumpt ion. roo

You' re on a path to hear t d isease,l iver fa i lure, h igh b lood pressure,

d iabetes, depression and more.

' l th ink we need to takeresponsib i l i ty for ourselves, 'says Spur lock. 'There a lso has

to be some resPonsib i l i tY on thepart of the fast food companies.McDona ld ' s a lone feeds 46 m i l l i onpeople every day. TheY have an

ob l i ga t i on t o g i ve t he i r consumersinformat ion about exact lY what

they ' re eat ing. ' SPur lock a lsofocusses on the adver t is ing andmarket ing of fast food products,

espec ia l l y t o ch i l d ren . McDona ld ' smarkets to chi ldren throughHappy Mea ls (a ch i l d ren ' s mea lin a box inc luding a f ree toy) andplaygrounds in the restaurants.

110

'The p laygrounds aren ' t there just

for k ids to come and p lay, ' he

says. 'You' re only a l lowed into theplayground when you've bought a

burger or some f r ies or a Coke. l t 's

an effective way of establishing aposi t ive associat ion in chi ldren 'sm i n d s . '

I t 's the humour above a l l thatmakes th is f i lm work. Even towardsthe end of the month, when headmit ted to feel ing le tharg ic ,depressed and smel ly , theaudience remain enter ta ined by h is

sense o f humour and upbea t s tY le .Spur lock says that he hoPes thatthe f i lm is enter ta in ing, but he a lsohopes that i t encourages them totake bet ter care of themselves. He

says, ' l 'd love people to walk out of

the movie and say, "Next t ime I 'm

not going to 'super s ize ' . MaYbeI 'm no t go ing to go the re a t a l l . I 'mgoing to s i t down and eat d innerwirh my k ids, wi th the TV of f , sothat we can eat healthy food, talkabout what we' re eat ing and have

a re lat ionship wi th each other . " '

Judging by cr i t ics and audiencesal ike, the f i lm cer ta in ly does seem

to work. Food for thought indeed.

10

2 5

b Read the text again and exptain what each ofthese phrases means in its context.r 'the reality was a nightmare' (1.3)z 'to "super size" the meal' (l.rZ)

3 ' ignored any sensible eat ing ptan' (1.27)4 ' just how unhealthy i t turned out to be' (1.39)5

' recommended stopping the experiment, ( t .5o)6 'a fast-forward picture of your tife:' (1.57)7 'an obligation to give their consumers

information' ([.7r)8 'a posi t ive associat ion in chi ldren's minds'( t .gZ)9

'his sense of humour and upbeat styte, (1.95)ro 'have a relationship with each other' (l.rog)

3 Discuss. Have you seen this f i lm? What did youthink of it? Would you like to see it? Why/Whynot?

Gfa &f I countable and uncountable nouns

4 a Look at the underl ined words in the examplesin the Active grammar box. ls each one countableor uncountable?

b Oivide the words in the box into three groups:countable, uncountable and those which can beboth.

c For the words that can be both, discuss whatthe difference in meaning is.You con soy'a coffee' when you, re talking about acup ofcoffee and you can say,some coffee, when

2

3

He ate three McDonold's a day,every day, for a month.He must only eot from McDonald, s.I'll have sausoge, beans and o black

pleose.

lf I k coffee in the evenings, I can, tsleep properly.

food meal coffee diet burgermeat sugar salt chicken breadchocolate fruit cake weather

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE BOTH

What is the difference in mean(ngbeNresn Br/a few and little/a little in these sentences?1 a He's lucky. He's got few problems to worry

about.

o

b

2 a

b

Things aren't going well. He's got o fewproblems.

We must go. There's little time before thetrain leaves.Stay and have a drink. We've got a litttetime before the show starts.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct word/phrase from the box.

much many a little a few lots lotsome a great deal of piece slice

t

2

You haven't eaten _ fries.I only have sugar in my coffeenowa0ays.There is too _ traffic in the city centre.She gave me a _ of paper with heraddress written on it.He gave me _ really good advice.I've got of bags to carry. Can you helpme?He's very [azy. He spends time doingnothing.

l ' [ [ just have one of toast please.There were only _ shops st i l l open whenI went out.I've spent a _ of time working withchi ldren.

56

7 Find the mistakes in eight of the sentences andcorrect them.r Do you spend lot of t ime doing exercise?z Have you given anyone a good advice recently?3 How many sugar do you have in your coffee?4 When was the last t ime you had piece of cake?5 How often do you watch the news on TV?6 How many fruits do you usually eat every day?7 Do you like a very hot weather?e Do you ever use the Internet to get

information?

9 When did you last go on an interesting travel?ro When did you last buy some new furnitures?

Person to person

8 Ask and answer the questions in Ex. 7 with apartner.

3

4

8

9

see Reference page rcl

Voc ulary I food and cool<ing

I a Put these words into the correct place inword map below.

a saucepan an oven sweet to bakea cooker beef to scramble bittera frying pan salty to fry a peachto roast cabbage to boil soura wooden spoon to grill savouryparsley a plate

b What is the difference between:

r a cook/a cookerz a vegetable/a vegetarian

3 a recipe/a dish

4 rare/raw

s to stir/to beat6 to slice/to chop/to grate

c Work in pairs. Add at least two more wordsto each group of words in the word map.

Fronuneiation

11 a @ Wittt a partner, decide which sytlablein each of the words below has the main stress.Then l isten and check your ideas.

cooker1 saucepan2 oven

3 vegetable

4 vegetarian

s bitter6 savoury

7 cattol8 sugar

b Now decide which syllable(s) in each of thewords above you think is pronounced as a weaktorm lal. Listen again and check your ideas.

the

Speaking

1 O a7

2

34

Choose the correct alternatives.

Sushi is a Japanese dish made with raw/rarefish.Beat/Stir the mixture slowly every five minutes.

Ugh! This soup is much too savoury/salty.First, you slice/chop the onion into smallsquares.

Listen to someone tatking about atradit ional Brit ish Christmas dinner. Do youthink you would enjoy this mea[?

a Choose one of the things in the l ist below.Think about how it is prepared and cooked.1 your favourite dishz the last meal you made for visitors

3 a tradit ional dish in your country

4 a dish you used to love as a chi ld

fu Tetlother students what the dish is and howto prepare/cook it.

* Which of the meals you heard about wouldyou like to eat most?

L2

1 35 | don' t eat many cakes and biscuits. | f ind them

Ioo sweethour.6 Fitl a large saucepan with water and bake/boil

the pasta for ten minutes.

7 Macaroni cheese is my favourite dish/plate.

8 The cook/cooker has broken. I need to buy anew one.

9 ln Britain at Christmas, it 's traditionalto bake/roost a turkey in the oven.

ro Which vegetable shall we have today:cab bag e /parsley or broccoli?

Ways ofcooking

I

3

passrveswrite a forma[ letter of complaint

Lictening1 Discuss. What can you see

in the photos? How do youthink they are connected?

2 Listen and check yourideas.

Listen again and decide i fthese statements are true (T),false (F) or we don't know(DK).

r A friend of Andress foundthe bikini in her att ic.

z Andress said it was adifficult decision to sell thebikini .

3 Someone bought the bikinifor $6roo.

4 Six stormtrooper helmetswere auct ioned in London.

5 The owner made a profit ofnearly $z5,ooo.

5 Someone sold Bri tneySpears'chewing gum at atradit ionaI auct ion.

7 The gum came with aguarantee to prove it wasreal.

8 Thousands of people put inbids for the gum.

9 One man in Texas boughthis sons Christmas presentson eBay.

ro When he sotd the presentsagain, he made $roooorofit.

Discuss.

r Do you know anyonewho collects things (e.9.pop memorabi l ia, oldmagazines, stamps, etc.)?What do you think of thiskind of hobby?

z What do you think of whatthe Texan father did?

3 Have you ever visited eBayor a tradi t ionaI auct ion?What do you think of theseways of buying and sel l ingthings?

4

VOCabulary I verb phrases about money

fi what is the difference in meaning between the verb phrases rn italicsin each pair of sentences?r a Lots of people bid for the chewing gum on eBay.

b That bag is very expensive. Why don't you try and haggle for it?z a These boots were onty f3o. I think I got a bargain.

b ld tike to buy this T-shirt but it 's slightty marked. Could I get adiscount?

3 a You can get a refund within twenty-eight days if you are notcompletely satisfied.

b Get a receipt just in case you want to take the CDs back.t+ a l'd love to get a new camera but I can,t afford it at the moment.

b lt '[[ cost fro to take a taxi - it 's not worth it. Let's walk instead.

6 aa Read the sentences and decide which of the phrases in Ex. 5 youcould use for each one.r one man offered to pay f5ooo for a small antique chair at an auction.z Ten CDs for only f5o - that's really cheap!345

I asked if I could pay less, but the shop assistant said no.ld t ike to buy a motorbike but I haven't got enough money.This DVD player broke after only a week. ld l ike my money back,please.

I always try and negotiate a lower price with market traders.The rent on that tiny flat is much too expensive.Don't forget to keep the paper they give you when you buy

6

78

something.

fo Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the verb phrase.

*, Listen and check your ideas.

Gra,mrrr&f I passives

7 a Look at the example sentences in the Activegrammar box and answer these questions.

r Which of the underlined verbs are active andwhich are passive?

z For each pair of sentences, why would wechoose to use the passive (not the active)?

b Check your answers by reading the rules ofmeaning A and B.

Active g'rammar

t a The bikini for $6Looo.b Someone the bikinifor

$6t,ooo.z a The bikini by the

American, Robert Earl, co-founder ofPlanet Hollywood.

b The American, Robert Earl, co-founderof Planet Hollywood, the bikini.

Meaning

Use the passive when you want:

A to talk about actions, events andprocesses when who or what causesthe action, event or process is unknownor unimportant. This is often the case inwriting (or more formalspeech)

B to put new information or longerexpressions later in the sentence

Form

verb fo be + past participle

c Read the rule of form in the box andcomplete the passive sentences below usingthe correct verb forms (in brackets).

Thousonds ofthings (buy) on eBayevery day. (Present Simple Passive)

r The car _ (ctean) at the moment.(Present Continuous Passive)

z The stormtrooper helmet (find) bychance at a second-hand sale. (Past SimplePassive)

3 The painting (disptay) when I arrivedat the auction. (Past Continuous Passive)

4 Some items - (buy) at auctions forabsurdly high prices. (Present Perfect SimplePassive)I t was a piece of chewing gum which

(spit) out by Britney Spears. (PastPerfect Simple Passive)

6 Ridiculousty high prices _ (pay) forcomptetely useless i tems. (Future SimplePassive with wilf)

7 The new shop (open) by the mayor.(Future with going to)

8 l t seems that almost anything - (buy).(Modats in the passive, e.g. can)

see Reference plge rcl

Complete the emai lwith an appropriate act iveor passive form ofthe verbs in brackets.

Hi John

Just o quick messoge to te l t you cbout onouct ion f wos ( toke) to in London lostweek. I (1) ------- (persuode) to go by somefr iends of mine ond o l though I wosn, t verykeen qt f i rs t , f ended up hoving o greatt ime. When we f i rs t got there we(2) ------- (give) o l ist of otl the itemsin the ouct ion ond then we (3)(hove) some time to look ot everything. Mostof i t was rock-ond-ro l l memorobi l io qndthere were some old records ond th ings. Iwqs o b i t nervous obout b idding for th ingsot f i rs t , but soon got in to i t .

Anywcy, to cut o long story short, I(4) ------- (buy) o lorge jukebox. It,sreolly fontqstic - ond o reol borgoin Ith ink. I t (5) (del iver) next weeK.But con I csk you o huge fovour? you see,they soid it (6) (could/not/send)obrood to my house so I (Z) (give)them your oddress in London. I hope thot ,s0K! I (8) (orronge) for my uncleto p ick i t up f rom your p loce very soon, Ip rom ise . Then he , l l l ook o f t e r i t un t i l f ,min London ogoin in the summer. Don' t worry,when i t or r ives, you (9) (osk) tos ign something but you won' t hove to poyonything. Atl the poyment (10) _______(sor t ) out o l reody.

phone soon toof del ivery.

let you know the exoct

A11 the best

Gui seppe

8

r ' 1 1t ime

SpeakingI Discuss with a partner what you would do in each of the si tuat ions

below and why.

r You have just been served a meal in a restaurant which is cold andvery late to arrive.

z You realise that you bought four CDs in a shop yesterday but youwere charged for five.

3 You have just arr ived at your hotel on hot iday. The brochure saidthere was a swimming pool but i t hasn' t been f inished.

4 Your new washing machine is broken and some wet clothes arestuck inside i t .

1O a Listen to the conversat ion and answer the quest ions.

r Which of the si tuat ions in Ex.9 is i t?z How does the customer feel?

3 What solution is offered?

b Listen again and complete the How to box.

1 1

e Add one sentence to each section in the How to box.

In pairs, choose one of the situations in Ex.9. Do a roleplayin which the customer complains about the situation. Usethe language in the How to box to help you.

iting12 Read the let ter in the Wri t ing

bank on page 163 and do theexercises.

18 Choose one of the si tuat ionsin Ex. 9 or one of your ownideas and wri te a formallet ter of complaint. Use theparagraph plan to help you.

Paragraph 1: state briefly whatyou're complaining about

Paragraph z: give detailsabout your complaint

Paragraph 3: give furtherdetai ls about your complaint(if necessary)

Paragraph 4: say what youwould l ike them to do

complain in a shop, restaurant, hotel, etcCustomer asks to i I'd like to speak to the (i , please.speak to someone i Could t speak to Customer Services, please?

. Can I help you?'. Can I be of any (z) _?

I whot (i) - to be the problem?

Customer sayswhat problem is

My woshing machine has stopped completelyand there's a load of woshing stuck inside.Your computers were down and I couldn't getthrough.We have been woiting for over an hour for ourmoin course.

Manager/Assistantapologises andoffers a solution

Oh, l'm very sorry about that, madam.I can only (+) _ .We'll provide o (S) _ free of any extrocharge.Would you like a refund?

*

bprtslnedfing done*ioutsewices

Reading1 Discuss.

In some parts of Europe and the USA,many pet owners see their cat or dogas a member of the family. In the UK,owners spend an amazing €4 bil l ionannually on keeping therr pets fit, well andentertained. In one survey it was foundthat up to forty percent of owners saidthey bought gifts for their pets, includingChristmas and birthday presents.Owners happily pamper their pets withincreasingly lavish lifestyles, includingtoys, furniture, accessories and'gourmet'food. There are also pet psychologistsfor those with problems, pet passportsfor those who want to travel and awhole range of services on offer:Thereare hundreds of retail outlets offeringowners a vast array of produds. Butmany pets have everything they couldever ask for (or bark for?).The questionfor many owners now is: what do yougive to the pet that has everything? Weasked some owners what their pet gotfor his or her last birthdav .,,

Do you have any pets? Did you use to have anypets when you were a chi td? l f so, which ones?lf not, why not?What do you think are the main reasons whypeople keep pets? Do you think i t is a goodidea for chi ldren to have pets? Why/Why not?

What can you see in the photos?

Read the text quickly. Which of the things in thephotos are mentioned?

Manion Dowdeswell and'Pixie': Marionlives on her own in Edinburgh, UK withher dog, Pixie. 'Pixie really is my bestfriend,' says Marion.'He's such a lovelydog and my constant companion. I'd belost without him, so I think I just treathim like I'd treat anyone I lovel For hislast birthday, Marion bought Pixie a bedcosting over €300. She admits that it wastoo much money to spend on an animal.'l know it's a bit over-the-top,' she says,'but he does love it!' Marion says shedoesn't only indulge him on his birthday.Last week, she got a set of 'doggie boots'to keep Pixie's paws warm and stop himfrom slipping on wet ground.'Probably a

I luxury but why not occasionally?'

Sylvia and Brad Phillips and familyand 'Beauty': The Phillips family fromCalifornia, USA, acquired Beauty threeyears ago when some friends emigrated.'We didn't really know much about dogsthen, and at first we didnt know howit would work out,' says Sylvia.'But rightfrom the start, she just made our familycomplete and the kids adore her:They'realways finding new things to buy for her:She probably is spoilt but it's fun.' Lastyear: they got her a present they were

really excited about: a necklace made offake pearls which cost about €70. 'She

doesn't really wear it because it seemsto irritate her; but we took some greatphotos!'says Sylvia.

Claudette and Pierre Leroi and'Mignon':Claudette and Pierre live in Paris withtheirYorkshire terrier; Mignon. BecauseMignon is a longhaired dog, Claudettesays that it's necessary to take her to thehairdresser regularly 'l take her to thebeauty oarlour once a weekto have herfur done. I dont think it 's a luxury reallylMignon has it washed and brushed andsometimes cut and even curled. Onspecial occasions, like her last birthday,for example, Mignon had the fur fromthe top of the head pulled back and tiedas a ponytail, while the rest of her fur wascut short, 'She looked so cute - like alittle Barbie dolljsays Claudette. She getsthe dog anaesthetised to do these thingsso that she stands still for long enough,but Claudette thinks it's worth it.

So, is all this pet indulgence gone mad?Or is it simply spoil ing a valued memberof the family?

I

fj{:t a Read the f i rst paragraph again and decide i f these statements

are true (T), false (F) or we don't know (DK).

r Br i t ish owners spend €4 bi l l ion on their pets every year.z One quarter of owners buy their pets presents.

3 More pets than before have psychological problems.

4 Some owners have a problem knowing what to buy for their pets.

fu Read the rest of the text. Which of the fol lowing appty to whichpet or pets (or none ofthem)?

r his/her owner buys him/her clothesz his/her owner wants to make him/her look nice

3 he/she provides fr iendty company for his/her owner

+ his/her owner takes him/her on expensive hol idays

s his/her owner knows he/she is overindulgent6 his/her owner takes him/her to the hairdresser

7 his/her owner buys him/her toys and dot ls8 his/her owner was ignorant about pets ini t iat ly

Discuss. Do you think pets should be treated l ike a member of thefamily? In general , what is the att i tude to pets in your country?

ffira fl,T I have/get something done

n a Complete examples A-C in the Active grammar box using had,have and gefs. Then look at the text again to check your answers.

A I take her to the beauty parlour to (i her fur done.B An her last birth Mignon (z) _ the fur from the

tap of the head pulled back and tied as a pon il.C She (f) _ the dog anaesthetised so that she stonds

still ot the ha er.

Form have (or get) + object +

Meanings

r ln examples A-C, is this structure (with have or get) usedto talk about a) doing something ourselves or b) arrangingfor something to be done by somebody else?We can also use this structure:

z with hove or get, to talk about things that happen to us, and3 with get only (not have), to mean 'finish doing something'.

D I had my bag stolen on way home from work.E She got her ftngers caught in the car door.F As soon as I get this essay ten, l'il take the dog out.

F* Complete the rule of form with the correct part of speech.

* Look at rule r and answer the question.

d Look at rules z and 3. Then match each rule with the correctexamples D-F.

see Referenrc poge fil

6 Find the mistakes in six of thesentences and correct them.

r I 've never had my hair dye.z I 've had my house broken

into several times.

3 | never my house havedecorated - | do it myself.

4 | haven't had my eyestest ing for ages.

5 I've got a lot of things to getdoing by this weekend.

5 | have dry-cleaned some ofmy clothes every month.

7 I real ly need to have myt ra j : cu t soon.

8 'd i :<e to get my photo:ooK Dv a professional! "o lographer .

Person to person

/ u tscuss-

A 'E a - " c t : r e sen tencesi - Er . . 5 : . -e for yotr?-e .

a - : : - e ' s t - cen t andf - a - g P ' F ; . ) F p r q q o t h a t

- C r C r i - : .

/ i 's : ---€ i ncven't hod myetes tested for oges. Ithink I should have it donesoon becouse my eyes hurtw h e n l u s e o c o m p u t e t .

! t ,ha: i i . l "gs do you havedone regular ly? Why? Whatth ings can you have done in' lour neighbourhood?

I hove my car cleanedinside and out once amonth! I know it'sertravagant but I hatedoing it myself.

4

8 a, With a partner, divide the animats in the boxbelow into six groups.

eagle, duck = birds

eagfe horse dog whale spider buttfish bat fly du€k cat bear

b Add at least three more words to each ofyour groups.

a @ Label the parts of the animals in thepictures using the words in the box. Then listenand check your answers.

fUf fgathers paws hqqves claws tailwlngs whjskers flns horns beak

b Which of the underl ined vowel sounds in thewords in the box have the same sounds as eachother? Listen again and check.

c ln pairs, describe an animal using the wordsin the box. Your partner should guess whichanimal i t is .A: This onimal's body is covered in fur. lt has four

paws and it wags its tail when it's happy.

B: A dog!

a Comptete the expressions in italics bywrit ing the name of one animal in each.

r l t 's true she paid over f3oo for one pair ofshoes. I didn't iust hear i t from someone else- she totd me herself. ltwas straight from the

's mouth.I t 's my iob to tel t him he's fai led his exam. I 'vegot to tel l h im but I fee[ real ly bad about i t . I ' l ljust have to toke the -by the horns anddo it.My eyesight has got much worse. I can't readthis pr ice [abeI at al [ . I need glasses for mostthings nowadays. l 'm as blind as o -without them!My boss was in a bad mood with everyoneyesterday. He shouted at anyone who wentnear him. He was like o with o sorehead.

b Listen and check your answers.

a What do you think the expressions mean?Read the sentences again and discuss in pairs.

b Match the expressions r-4 in Ex.roa with thecorrect definition a-d below.

a) to have very bad eyesightb) to be in a bad temper and extremety irr i tablec) ' f i rst hand'information from the original

sourced) to confidently dealwith a diff icutt or

dangerous situation

c Choose two of the expressions and tel[ otherstudents about a person or situation usingthem.

d Do you have similar expressions in yourlanguage?

10

I

E

l

I

a

1 1

E----___----_

Prefixes

a Listen and match the people withitems A-D. One of them cannot be used.A Someone annoyingB Someone completely'over-the-top'C Something to be proud ofD Someth ingembarrass ing

b Listen again and make brief notes abouteach story.

c Retell each story with your partner. I

2 a Look at the tapescript on page t72 and finda word to match with each def ini t ion below.

Story rr to sleep more than you had intended

z to think or guess something is less than i t is

3 a former employer

Story z

+ to go back to studying again and learn newski l ls

5 to be able to speak two languages equat ly wel l6 descr ibing a company that has off ices,

factories, etc. in manv different countries

Story 37 not usua[ or normale very big

9 describing a way of speaking that soundsuninterested because i t 's on one note

h Look at the words from Ex. za and write theappropriate pref ixes in the table.

PREFIXESMEANINGS EXAMPLES

t mono2

3456

78

9

one/singletwice/two/every twomanymore thanless thanformeragainverynot

monolingual

e Read the rule about hyphens. Then write onemore example of your own for each prefix in thetable above.

Hyphens: We use hyphens O with someprefixes, including extra- and ex-. Check in adict ionary i f you are unsure.

a Complete the sentences below with themost appropriate word from the box. Not al l thewords can be used.

monologue monol ingual bicyclebiannual mult imedia mult ipurposeovertired overworked undercookedunderpaid ex-girlfriend ex-husbandreheat rewrite extra-smallextra-strong uncomfortable unnecessary

I always feel slightly unco rtable and sillywearing a hat.

r The company holds a big _ conference,so the next one wi l l be in six months' t ime.

z When you go camping, what you need is agood _ knife that does everything.

3 You'il need to use some packaging sothat i t doesn't get torn in the post.

4 Be carefuI that the food is hot at l the waythrough and never eat _ meat.

5 | think nurses are _ especial lyconsidering the amount they get paid.

6 I 've only studied Engt ish in my own countrywhere the classes are a[[The teacher has asked me to _ myessay because I misunderstood the quest ionthe f i rst t ime.I stitt get on well with my even thoughI don' t see her much nowadays.

Listen and check your answers.

a Work with a partner. Choose something totalk about from the list in Ex. ra. Prepare to tellyour story using as many of the words inExs. za and 3a as you can.

b Listen to other students'stories. Which ofthe items in the l ist do you think each of thestories you heard was about?

rl

b

4

a In pairs, complete theword maps for each ofthe places in the pictures.Include as many words asyou can which are related toeach place.

waiter

2 a Which of the sentences would you expect to hear in a) arestaurant, b) a shoe shop, c) a hairdresser?

r ld l ike to try these on, please.

z I ' l [ have the gr i l ted tuna, please.

I Just a cut and blow-dry?

4 I've got btack in size 38, but not in 39.5 Rare, please.

6 I'd also like some highlights done.

z A bottle of the house red, please.

8 They look really nice on you. How do they feel?

9 l'd like to book an appointment.ro We're offering all customers an Indian head massage.u We booked a table for two in the name of Morrison.

b Listen to three conversations and number the sentences inthe order you hear them.

3 a In pairs, choose one of the situations from the t istening. Look atthe tapescript on page t7z and underline any important phrases.

h Roleplay the situation using the ideas from the l istening andyour own ideas.

4 a Look at the table and note down some more things that peoplecomplain about in the three places.

RESTAURANT SHOE/CLOTHES SHOP HAIRDRESSER

Food is undercookedSeruice is slow

Shoes are dirtyButton is missing

Cut too shortDyed wrong colour

b In pairs, choose a different place and decide on one or twothings to complain about. Roleplay the situation.

knife

tattort

b Compare your words withother students.

clothes shop/shoe shop

ilhnounsCountable nouns are words like banana, hotel.Theycan use a singular or plural form of the verb.That's o lovely hotel!Uncountable nouns are words like food, information,equipment. They use a singular form of the verb.There isn't much food ICommon uncountable nouns:accommodation, advice, behaviour, bread,equipment, food, furniture, health, information,knowledge, luggage, news, research, salt, spaghetti,traffic, travel, trouble, water, weather, workCommon nouns which can be countable oruncountable:chicken, chocolate, coffee, egg, glass, hair, iron,paper, room, space, t ime, wineYou can use: a/an, few, a few, some, any, many, a lotof, lots of, before countable nouns.I haven't roasted any potatoes.You can use: liffle, a little, some, ony, much, a lot of,lots of, before uncountable nouns.There wasn't much traffic this morning.

few/a few and little/a littlelFew and liffle (without 'a') are used to talk aboutnegative ideas.She's got few friends and is quite lonely.He's got little money and con't afford a new car.A few and a little are used to talk about morepositive ideas.l've got a few biscuits left. Would you like one?Could I have tea with o little milk, pleose?

PassivesWe can use active constructions when the subject isthe person or thing that does the action.I bought a really fantastic party dress on eBay.We can use passive constructions:when who or what causes the action is unknown orunimportantwhen we want to put new information or longerexpressions later in the sentenceWe often use passive constructions in writing or inmore formatspeech. The passive is common in newsstories, scientif ic and academic writ ing.The dog was found three doys after it went missing.Also use the passive when the obiect of the activesentence is the main focus. Use byto say who didthe action.

A asso painting was sold by a wealthy businessmanIast week.We can use the passive in any tense and with modalverbs.Form verb to be + past participleWe hoven't been given the exam results yet.

Form have (or get) + object + past participleUse the structure to have (or get) something done:to talk about arranging for something to be done bysomeone elseI have my hair d once every six months.to talk about things that happen to us or to describean'experience'I hod my bike stolen last week.There is another use of gef + object + past participle(NOT have) which is used to mean 'finish doingsomething'.I need to get my homework done.

Key vocabulary

Excessextravagant excessive a luxury extra-largeto spoiI someone overpriced far-fetchedto go on a spending spree

Food and cookinga saucepan a fry ing pan a wooden spoonan oven a cooker a cook a plate a disha recipe sweet savoury bitter satty sourrare raw to bake to roast to scrambte to fryto gritt to boil to stir to beat to sliceto chop to grate beef cabbage parsleya peach a vegetable a vegetarian

Verb phrases about moneyto bid for something to haggle for somethingto get a bargain to get a discountto get a refund to get a receiptto be able to afford something to be worth it

Animals and animal expressionsdog cat butl horse bear bat fishduck eagle fly spider fur feathershooves claws tait wings whiskersbeak straight from the horse's mouthto be as blind as a batto be tike a bear with a sore headto take the bull by the horns

Prefixesoversleep undercooked ex-boss retrainbi t ingual mult inat ionaI unusuaI extra-[argemonotonous

whalepaws

fin horns

Choose the correct alternatives... . :,1.,,.,,rt, tt,t.,;,rt

2

3

Could you give me an/some information abouttrain t imes please?

l've got two large pieces of luggage/uggoges.How mony/much furniture have you got in yourl iv ing room?The news is/are always so depressing.He's been doingo/some research into globalwarming.There were only few/a few people there when rarrived.l'd like o/some stice of toast with iam and anorange iuice, please.

Can I give you an/some advice about revisingfor your exam?

4

5

Complete the sentences using the correct tenseof a verb from the box in the passive form.

catch charge del iver employ includeopen repair send

r Service in the bi t t so Vou don't needto leave a tio.

2 | _some f lowers yesterday but I don' tknow who they're from.

I The goods that you ordered _ nextFriday.

4 My car broke down last week. lt _ at themoment .

5 Don't use the medicine i f the packetatreadv.

6 l t 's unt ikely that the robbers

7 | was annoyed because we _ for a bottleof wine we didn' t have.

8 She was sacked after she by thatcompany for over fifteen years.

Look at part of Ti l ly 's diary and imagine thattoday is Tuesday and i t 's r .3op.m. Wri tesentences about what she hod done, is havingdone and will have done.

" : ' .a . ' , i | . ' : i , , , .1 ! i r i , : , . , t : , , : : ' : i r ' . ' . ; : ' : : f t : i ; r . td j : i : : : ! ; j . j .

ves)

?**x*eYt,,l :

?,,li,ti:,

Hariocuf (& highiights) X' I Sar't^'t"

eafiel *i*eJs (1ivi'ng ooo''r) - befweeh i

a*\)" ?:9"r"'-

e worfch fo repariv shop * /our'f Norgefi

7*t**r3&7

i:1,,,.':l?:ti:,

L

Choose the correct alternative.

r I don' t real ly [ ike cooked carrots. I much preferthem rare/row/roast.

z l've decided to bid fromlfor/at that table I toldyou about.

3 f6o is too much for that bag. lt 's really notv a I u e /offo rd /u o rt h it.

4 | won't bel ieve he's got the job unt i l I hear i tstraight from the cat'slbull'syhorse3 mouth.

5 I 'm taking my dog to the vet because he cut hishoof/paw/cloul on some broken glass.

6 The sound on this CD is real ly strange. Take i tback and get a discount/refund/receipt.

7 Before you roast potatoes, you shoutd boke/beathoi l them for ten minutes.

8 She's like a batheorlbull with a sore headtoday. She's already shouted at me twice.

Complete the words with the most appropriateprefix.

r The chi ldren need an earty night. They aret i red and rather i rr i table.

z l t al l took a lot longer than I expected. | _est imated the t ime by several hours.

3 She talks in such a boring and _tonousvoice that I iust fet l asleep.

4 I've been a teacher for ten years but I'vedecided to _train as a computer technician.We've decided to have a school reunion everytwo years and make i t a _ennial event.The classrooms are extremely modern andhave a[[ the latest _media equipment.When you _heat food, you need to makesure that you get i t hot enough.She's got a very _usua[ name. I wonderwhere i t comes from.

4:

7

2

3

4

56

8

L

Lead-inIn pairs, describe the photos and answer the questions.r What do you think the people al l have in common?z What do you think theV had to do to achieve their success?

a Complete the sentences with the words/phrases from the box inthe correct form. Use a dict ionarv i f necessarv.

best-sel ler succeed go under have had their day have a gogive up up to scratch

r l f the business doesn't start making money by the end of the year,i t wi l l probabty _ and have to close.

z His book's been an instant _ . Everybody's talk ing about i t .3 Just because you fai led this exam doesn't mean vou should

You can always re-take it in October.I think these reatity TV shows . No one's very interested inthem anymore.You know what they say: 'lf at first you don't - try, try, tryaga in ! 'I 'm afraid the work you've done on the house real lv isn' tYou'l[ have to redo a lot of it.

7 l 'm not sure that pushing the car wi l t hetp start i t , but you can _

b Listen and check vour answers.

Tell another student about the last t ime you felt you achievedsomething special.

3

.-k

: 's t ime/'d rather/'d betterdescr ibe d i f ferent types of people

u r s c u S s .

r ls leadership a natural-born talent or a learnedsk i t t?

z What qual i t ies does a successfu[ leader need?

3 In what di f ferent si tuat ions do people need towork together as a group?

4 Does every group need a leader? Why/Why not?

Read the text quickly and match the quest ionsabove with the correct paragraphs.

Read the text again. Are these statements true (T),false (F) or we don't l<now (DK).

r Being able to work in a group is one of the mostimoortant t i fe ski t ts.

z Groups of people doing social act iv i t ies general lydon't need leaders.

3 Members of leadertess groups often stop attending.a Antonio Carluccio thinks he is a naturat-born leader.

S Good leaders are often sl ight ly afraid of their role.6 Good leaders should do more work than the other

group members .

The Successful Leadership Trust - ourcompany specialises in training youto be a successful leader for whateversituation you're in"

Atmost nothing we do in this worlc j isdone in isolat ion. At work or at p[ay,you' t [ f ind yourself in groups, workingwith other peopte: your team at work,a meeting with co[[eagues. your famiLy,a hoLiday with friends, a group ofstudents working together, a day outwalking in the mountains, a group ofneighbours want ing to make changes.It is now recognised that being able towork successfuLLy with other peopte isone of the major keys to success, partlybecause we need to do it so often.

::In atmost every situation where you'rein a group, you wi[ [ need a ski l tedLeader. At[ groups need leaders and a[[successfuI groups have good leaders.

Grouos without leaders or with weakleaders atmost always break down.Members of a leadertess group oftenbegin to feeI dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted and the tasks are notachieved. There are often argumentsand tensions between peopte as thereis nobody to keep the goats clear. Somepersonat i t ies dominate and othersdisappear. Often group members beginnot to come to meetinqs in order toavoid more disharmony.

Some peop[e are natural leaders. Thece[ebrity chef, Antonio Cartuccio says,'True [eaders are born and you canspot them in kitchens. They're peoplewho combine toughness, fairness andhumour.' ALthough a lot of peopteagree that there are some natural-bornleaders, most peop[e now recognisethat leadership can also be taught.Our professionaI and experienced staffcan trajn atmost anyone how to be a

successfu[ leader. Good leaders don'tmake people do things in a bossy,controtting way. You can learn howto involve everyone, encouraging thewhole group to work towards a commongoat.

.- l

0ur training courses use activitiesand techniques to develop a range ofqualities which are necessary to be agood leader. Setf-confidence is vitaI andbeing abte to overcome your own fearsabout being a leader. Successfu[ leadersalso need to be calm and intettigent.They need to be able to work out goodstrategies and make sound judgementsunder pressure. Lastly, and probabtymost importantty, good leaders needto be sensitive. sociable and be ableto get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentialty theabitity to influence others and goodleaders a[[ow a[[ members of the groupto contribute.

'The art of leadership is saying no, not yes, lt is veryeasy to say yes.' Tony Blair

4 Discuss. Do you agree with the quotes? Why/Why not? 7 a Complete the dialogue.Use /f's time,'d rather or'd better and the correctform of the verb in brackets.Anna: Hi, Wit t . How did yourappra isa lgo?Wil t : l t went wel l , thanks. Myboss thinks (r) _ (have)more responsibi t i ty and maybebecame a team leader.Anna: Oh that 's good. How doyou,feeI about that?Will: I 'm pleased because Iwas thinking of looking for abetter job in another company,but (z) (stay) here ifI can.Anna: lt would be great if youwere our team leader.(f) _ (be) in charge thansomeone we don't know.Will: Thanks. Anyway,(+) _ (go) because I'vegot a meeting in five minutes.See you later.

b Listen and checkyour answers.

Person to person

I a Write three sentencesabout you starting with /f'st ime...It's time I tidied up the livingroom.It's time I got in touch with mybrctherIt's time I chonged my job.

b In pairs, compare yoursentences with anotherstudent. Ask your partner totel lyou more detai ls abouthis/her sentences. Try andinclude l'd better and l'drather in your answers.

'The most important thing about successful leadershipis knowing how to get on with people.'Teddy Roosevelt

5 Listen to the work appraisal interview and decide which ofthe sentences best summarises the main points.r He's doing well in his role of team leader but would l ike some more

trainingz He's finding his role of team leader difficutt and thinks he neeos

some training3 He's interested in becoming a team leader but would l ike some

training first

6 a Complete sentences r-4 in the Active grammar box. Thenlisten and check your answers.

Active grammarf

t I feel that it's _ I moved on now.z I think I _ you did the t course.

3 I _ not wait for two months.

4 I _ get your name on the list imme tely.A Form lt's time + subject + _

Meaning to talk about when you should have donesomething already or at least started it

B Form subject + would rather + object + _ (+ thon ..)Meaning to talk about what you'd prefer someone else to do

C Form subject + would rather + (+ than ..)Meaning to talk about what you'd prefer to do

D Form subject + had better+Meaning to talk about something when it is advisable to do it(in the present or future)

b Complete the rules of form by writing past tense or infinitive.

c Look at the sentences 1-4 again and explain what each onemeans. Read the rules about meaning to hetp you.

see Reference page fi5

'Don't tell people how to do things, tell them what to do andlet them surprise you with their results' George S. patton

GROUP A GROUP B

outgoing easy-going

open selfish

proactive witty

opinionated manioulat ive

single-minded headstrong

10

b

t

a Work in A/B groups. Use a dict ionary to f indout the meanings and pronunciation of the f iveadjectives in your group below.

Work in A/B pairs.

Tel[ each other about the meaning andpronunciation of the five words in your group.

Add some adiectives which have a) oppositemeanings and b) simi lar meanings to theones in the box.

open - reserued (opposite)

heodstrong + determined (simila4

c Compare the adiectives you added withother students.

Listen to ten people describing differentpeople they know. For each one write anadjective from Ex. 9 which you think describeshim/her best.t easy-going

a Think of three people you know who you candescribe using some of the adjectives in Ex. 9.b Tetl your partner about each person, givingexamples of how he/she behaves which showwhy you've chosen those adjectives.My sister is a very heodstrong person. She reallywanted to travel oround South America on herown. Everyone tried to persuade her not tobecouse it was dongerous but she decided to doit anywoy and .,,

e Which of the quali t ies from Ex.9 do youthink successful people usually have, andwhich can stop you being successful? Giverea50ns.I think that most successful people are verydetermined and single-minded but if you ore tooheodstrong it could go against you becouse ...

tZ a Match the expressions in the box with thecorrect picture. In pairs, say what you thinkeach one means.

be the centre of attention be a party animalbe a complete doormat be down-to-earthbe real ly high maintenance

b Do you have any similar expressions in yourlanguage?

a Talk about yourself and the different sidesof your personality. First, think about how youbehave in different situations using the ideas inthe box and your own ideas.

leading a discussion at work or schoolgiving a presentation at workmaking a complaint in a shop or restauranttalking about yourself in a iob interviewperforming on stagebeing in a crowd of people at a partycooking for a small group of friendsplaying a team game (e.9. footbalt)organising a group of chi ldren

b Work in pairs and tel leach other about thedifferent sides of your personality in differentsi tuat ions.

I think l'm generally on outgoing person in socialsituotions like a party. I like being the centre ofattention and l'm quite witty some es! I conbe shy too, though, especially ot work if I have tospeak in public or chair a meeting - I just clam up.

1 3

Listening1 Discuss.

r Match each photo abovewith the most appropriatefeeling in the box below.What do you think ishappening/has happenedin each case?

completely ecstaticabsolutely devastatedtotally single-minded

z Can you remember anysport ing moments thatyou've watched (or beeninvolved in) when someonehas felt in similar wavs?

Listen to part of a radioprogramme and answer thequest ions.

r What proportion ofsportspeople use sportspsychologists to help themwith their mentaI at t i tude?

z What are the mainpurposes ofthe Haka wardance used by the NewZealand Att Blacks rugbyteam?

Listen again and write onesentence summarising thespeaker's main points abouteach of the following:

r self-beliefz negative thoughts

3 persona[ [ucky ' rou t ines '

Discuss. Do you (or doesanyone you know) have luckyroutines, superstitions orlucky charms for things likesport, exams, special events,travelling, etc.?

o

2

6I

4

t

2

3

Think of a true story about you that relates to one of the phrases inthe box in Ex. r. Tel[ your partner what happened.I couldn't believe it when I won the p for best actor. I wasco letely ecstatic!

4

55

b

7

a Look at the underl ined adjectives in the table. What is thedifference in meaning between gradable and non-gradableadjectives?

b Match the gradable adjectives in r-4 with the correct non-gradable adjectives a-d. Use a dictionary if necessary.r happy a) starvingz upset b) ecstatic3 hungry c) exhaustedzr tired d) devastated

a Read the rules A and B. Then look at the sentences and decide ifone or both intensifiers are correct.

We can use intensifierc very really and extremely with gradableadjectives to make the meaning stronger.We can use intensifiers really and absolutely with non-gradabteadjectives to make the meaning stronger.

Kelly Holmes must be really/absolutely ecstatic about her success.A(n) extremelyfoery big sports centre near here has just opened.ff you want to get to the top in athletics, its really/extremelyvitaltoget yourself a professional trainer.Whenever he plays football, he comes back really/absolutely filthy.She was absolutely/extremely exhausted at the end of the race.I love running. l 'd be reallyfuery devastated if I had to give it up.

Listen and check your answers.

Gradable adiectives He missed an goal.

He is a success as o racing driver

Non-gradable adjectives He missed a goal.

He is a success as a racing driver

Gra ar I reported speech

I a Listen and complete the sentences and questions.

Direct speech1 - to be the last player onto the pitch.

2 _the race easily.

3 - to train

4 -do it by thinking about something different.

5 Why so negative?

6 - h e l p - ?

b Compare the reported speech in the Active grammar box withthe direct speech above. Find examples ofthe changes r-6 andwrite them in the box.

see R rence page fi5.

Read the rules A-F in the box and decide ifthese sentences arecorrect or not. Correct the ones which are wrong.

r He said that he was totally devastated about the result.

z She told me that she couldn't come to training this evening.

r He totd me he's training three times a week at the moment.

4 She said him she had taken up basketball the previous January.

5 | totd them I was goingto be late and that theyshould start without me.

6 | asked her she wanted tocome round and watch thetennis.

7 He asked me why I went toa sports psychologist.

8 She told me she wantsto move away from sportand further her careerelsewhere now.

1O a Checkyou understandthe meanings of the verbs inbotd in the sentences below.

Nobody needed to remind himto focus on the goal.

She adm d feeling totallyout of control.

He exploined that he wantedto compete in the O pics.

I promise to go swimming atleost three times a week.

I suggested talking to o sportspsychologist.

They decided to buy tickets

for the football match.

My trainer worned me thot thetraining would be very hard.

b Write the verbs in boldfrom Ex. roa in the correctplace in the table.

Active grammar

Reported speech

Andy Cole soid (that) he to be the last player onto thepitch.

She said (that) she the race easily.

He told me (that) he to train that day.

I told him (thot) he do it by thinking about somethingrent.

lasked him why he so negative.

She asked me if I help her the following day.

r Tense changes, e.g.go -r went:

z Modal verb changes, e.g. con + could:

f Subiect pronoun changes, e.g. I + he:

4 Object pronoun changes, e.g. me + hit

5 Time reference changes, e.g. now + th

6 Word order changes, e.g. were thev qo

Object pronoun changes, e.g. me + him:

Time reference changes, e.g. now + theni

Word order changes, e.g. were they going + theY were goingz

RulesA We can use thot after both soy and fell, but it isn't necessary.B We don't use an object after say.C We must use an object after tell.D We use a guestion word when reporting Wh- questions.

E We use if when reporting Yes/tlo questions.F We sometimes ignore the rule that changes the tense or

modal verb back. This can happen if the situation is still true,or for dramatic effect when telling a story.

VERBS CONSTRUCTIONS

saY' verb + (fhot)

tell, verb+ob iec t+( fha f )

osk, verb + object + infinitive

verb + infinitive

verb + gerund

1 1 Report these statements starting with the wordsgiven.

r 'l broke the window yesterday when I kicked aball through it by mistake.'He admitted ...'Why don't we try the new ltalian restaurantwhen we go out on Friday?'He suggested ...' l th ink I ' l I stay in tonight because I 'mcompletely exhausted.'She decided . . .' l 'm going to buy my girlfriend some flowers asa way of saying sorry.'He told ...'Are you going to book tickets for the cinema orare you going to iust turn up?'She asked ...

6 'You really mustn't be late for your interviewthis afternoon. 'She warned . . .

7 'Please at l br ing your homework to me by 9.ooon Monday morning. 'The teacher reminded . . .

8 ' l 'U pay you back al t the money I owe you bytomorrow.'He promised ...

Person to person

1P Choose A or B below and fot low the instruct ions.

Ar Write notes about three things that you've seen

or heard in the news in the [ast week. Makenotes about when and where you saw or heardeach story and details of each story.TV news /lesterdoy/nterest rotes up by onepercent ...

z Then tel l your partner detai ls of the newsstories you've seen or heard.'On the news yesterday, they said that interestrotes were going to go up by one percent ...'

Write notes about three things that threedifferent people have said to you in the lasttwenty-four hours. Make notes about the t ime,the person and his/her actual words.to.jo this morning/MariannelWhy don't we goout for lunch todoy?'Then tel lyour partner what the three peoplesaid, giv ing detai ls.'At to.3o this morning, Marianne suggestedgoing out for lunch today.'

1 3

! 4

Bt

eaking*. Look at the photos. Discuss what you thinkis happening in each one.

fo Think about someone who has helped youto succeed in something. Make notes using thequestions below to hetp you.r What were you trying to do? And when?z Who helped you?

3 What did he/she suggest that really hetped?4 What did you learn from this person?

5 How did you feel when you succeeded?

ea Tetl other students about the person whohelped you succeed. Make short notes aboutother students' experiences.

E* Report back to the ctass about the mostinteresting story you heard about.

Lifelong learning

Successful lan guag e learn i n g

A successfuI language learner is generaltysomeone who:. is willing to make mistakes. wants to get his/her message acrossr finds as many opportunities to practise as

possibteo doesn't worry about words he/she doesn't

understandr Which of the characteristics above apply to

you?z Do you know anyone who is a very successful

language learner? What kind of person is he/she?

Reading1 Look at the photo. Discuss.

r At what age shouldchildren learn how to usecomputers?

z How do you feel abouthow much children usecomputers in your country?

2 Read the article. What doesDr Ryde think the advantageof sending chitdren to hisschoot is?

r vsry week, a group of British pupils file

l- into class to start their lessons' turn on

L,f'"', computers and obediently follow their

teacher's instructions' For an hour' they are taught

5 mouse techniques, keyboard skills' and reading

and writing, using the computer' However' these

are toddlers, hardly out of nappies' ($ - '

At Ryde College they take the idea that 'lt's never

too young to start' very seriously indeed' .Since

the

,o college opened in 1982, more than a thousand

pupiis have achieved exam results at an earlier

than usual age.

The college was founded by Dr Ronald Ryde' a

former university lecturer' now aged seventy'

rs (B)--.Wordspreadaroundtheneighbourhood

and Dr Ryde soon had to move to a special centre

to cope with the demand for his services' To the

man who happily puts seven-year-olds in for

GCSEs, the'Technology tor Toddlers' classes were

zo the next logical step' (C) ' Aside from the

actual lessons, parents are also encouraged to get

the children to practise their new skills at home'

The parents of these young computer whiz kids

have no qualms about giving their children a head

zs start. Kevin Mills, forty-four' enrolled his son' Piers'

ayear ago, just before his second birthday' after

he showed an interest in playing with a computer

at home.

(D) ----.

rs Whereas toddlers are tutored during the day' the

older children attend either in the evenings until as

late as 9p'm' or at weekends' So' there is an issue

about when they get to run around and climb trees

like their friends. (E) ---- ' Last year parents

+o Teeta and Kaushik Radia' whose son' Krishnan'

became the youngest child ever to get a GCSE in

lnformation Technology, aged just six' complained

that Ryde College pushed young children into

sitting exams for the PublicitY'

+s Dr Ryde remains unrepentant' ' l would argue that

it's a crime to hold children back' (F) ' All of

us here are committed to education' not publicity''

Dr Ryde sees his college not as a hothouse for

brill iance - he claims there is no great secret to their

50 success other than small class sizes and traditional

schooling methods - but rather as a way to make

up for the time wasted in normal state secondary

schools' 'All too often the first years in secondary

are lost years and teachers waste them getting all

ss the children up to the same level' '

3 a Each ofthe sentences r-6 comes from the art ic le. Read theart ic le again and decide where each one should go.

r 'She can count up to thir ty, has an excel lent vocabulary and hasgained so much conf idence through her classes. '

z Introduced last year, they are aimed at giv ing the eighteen-monthto three-year-old pupi ls a head start in wri t ing, reading andcommunicat ion using the computer.

3 There is also the quest ion of why these chi ldren need to takeaddit ionat exams, especial ly at such a young age.

4 Next term, they wi l l move up a class to begin instruct ion incomputer science, lust months after they have celebrated theirfourth birthdays.

5 The only thing we are exploi t ing is their abi l i ty to learn.5 He started offering home classes after he hetped his son, Mike

to pass a computer GCSE at the age of fourteen, rather than thenormaI sixteen.

b Read the text again through from beginning to end, to checkyour answers.

4 Find these words in the art ic le. Wri te a short def ini t ion for eachone. To help you a) decide i f they are nouns, verbs or adject ives, b)look at them in the context of the words before and after them.

file (l.t) - verb: to walk in line

r nappies ( t .7) 5 quatms (t .24)

z former (1.r4) 6 head start (t.24)

3 spread (1.r5) z mood (t.lr)

+ cope (l.rZ) e hothouse (t.+8)

5 Discuss. What are the advantages and disadvantages of pushingchitdren to study intensivety and take exams early?

Gra off | hard and hardly

6 a Look at examples r-3 in the box and decide if the words in boldare adjectives or adverbs.

Active g'rammar

z The chil n are encouraged to work hard for their exams.

3 The pupils in the college are ho out of noppies.

Hardly means almost not or very tittle. lt is often used withany(thing/one/where, etc.) and ever.lt is not used with negativewords(@.

4 l'm very tired this morning. I hardly slept last night.

5 I have hardly ony money. I must go to the bank.6 She hardly ever comes to visit us. Just once or twice a year.

b Look at examples 4-6 in the box . Explain the meaning of eachone in other words (not using hardly).

see Reference page fi5

Complete each of thesesentences with hardly anda verb from the box in thecorrect form.

know say believewalk change have

l'm very busy at the moment.l_ any t ime to go tothe gym.

Are you ok? You aword during dinner.Doesn't Tom look amazing?He's at all since wewere at schoo[.I don't understand why thatwoman from the office wasso friendly. l_ her.Her leg is hurt ing her a lot .She says she can atthe moment.

6 | was shocked when shetold me he had left. I could

it.

Decide i f each of thesentences is correct. l f not,correct it.

r I can hardty hear you. Couldyou speak up, please?

z She needs to study hardi f she is going to pass herexam.

3 He's eaten anything hardlya t tday .

4 We tried very hard to finishthe report but there wasn'tenough t ime.Hardly anybody I know isgoing to Sarah's party.

We've got hard any milk left.

Person to person

I Complete the sentences sothey are true for you. Compareyour answers in pairs.

r The last t ime I studiedhard . . .

z At school/work, I hardtyever ...

3 Recently, I've hardly been toany . . .

7

8

eaking1O Read the quest ions below and make a note of your answers.

r What are the three most important things that help chi ldren to dowe[[ at school?

z Which three subjects should chi ldren spend most t ime studying atschoo[?What are the most important qualities of a good teacher?

What are the three most important things that hetp peopte to dowell at work?Which three things should people get most training in for work?

What are the most important qualities of a good manager?

1l a Look at the How to box. Add one more way of giving opinionsand one more way of iusti fying opinions.

b Ask other students the questions in Ex. ro andnote their responses. When answering, use the Howto box to help you.

c Make notes of the main findings of your survey.

34

iting12 took at the report in the

Writing bank on page 164and do the exercises.

18 Discuss with other studentswhich words or phrases inthe report might be useful inother similar reports.

14 Write a report on one of thetopics in Ex. ro intzo-t4owords. Divide it into separateparagraphs.

56

^ n n n f FJ J J d d

7 a gooAleacher Is-all classes

^oAern lechnologY

7 f\athsEnglishI.T.

1 car ingknowleAgeablekeeP conlrol

1 {eeling aPPrecialeA

gooA environmenf

good salarY

5

("

Give your opinionGive your opinion i I believe small closs sizes are crucial ...

i #:zii;i'!,'oi:::':* maths isthe most

Justifu your opinion ... because the teacher can spend more timewith each child.... for several reasons; firstly, you need mothsfor lots of things in everyday life ...lf a teacher is approachable, then children willfeel oble to ask questions.

Phrasal verhs with three parts

Match the phrasalverbs in i tal ics with the Acorrect meanings a-j below.r We'11 never cotch up with them. They're too far

ahead.z They stole frm and got away with it.

3 Don't walk so fast! | can't keep up with you.

4 They're putting her in for her Grade 8 pianoexam this year.

5 Have you come up with any new ideas for theadvert is ing campaign?

6 l'd tike us to cuf down on the amount of TV wewatch.

7 l've always looked up to my grandmother.She's an amazing person.

8 l'm looking forward fo seeing my sister's newbaby at the weekend.

9 How do you put up with the noise of the trafficoutside your bedroom window?

ro We want to make up for a[[ the time shewasted in her first year at secondary school.

a) to think of, suggestb) to think you wi l l enjoyc) to move at the same soeedd) to formal ly appty to do somethinge) to toleratef) to reduceg) to respect, admireh) to reach the same placei) to compensate for

*

j ) to escape punishment

4

a Complete the sentences with one of thephrasal verbs from Ex. r in the correct form.r You need to how much salt vou have in

your food.z lf none of us says anything to the police, we'll

probably _ i t .

3 We're really _ moving back to NewZealand. l t ' t l be especial ly great to see al l ourfriends.

4 | can' t his constant cr i t ic ism anymore.I've decided to move out.

5 The increase in salar ies isn' t _ the r ise inthe cost of l iv ing. People's disposable income isgetting less and less.

6 She's a transfer to the London office tobe nearer her parents.

7 | think I 've _ a rather good solut ion to ourproblem.

8 The del ic ious food more than the slowservice.

9 At l her students her. She's an amazingteacher.

ro I had to run to you. You walk incrediblyfast!

fu Listen and check your answers.

* Listen again and decide which part of eachphrasal verb is stressed.

e-a Which of the following sentences are correct?r You won't catch up with them.z You won't catch uo them with.

3 You won't catch them up with.

4 I'm looking my holiday forurard to.5 I'm looking foruard my holiday to.6 I'm looking fonrrard to my holiday.

b What does this tel t you about the grammar ofthis kind of phrasalverb?

Discuss.

r ls there anything you are real ly looking forwardto doing over the next few weeks? lf so, what?

z ls there anything you are try ing to cut down onat the moment? l f so, what and why?

3 Are there any things in everyday life that youf ind di f f icutt to put up with, e.g. mobi le phones?lf so, what?

4 ls there anyone that you real ly look up to? l f so,who and why?

5 Are there any kinds of cr ime that you think areeasy to get away with? l f so, which and why?

Discuss .

r What can you see in the picture above?

z How often do you l isten to the radio?

3 What di f ferent kinds of radio programmes doVou l<now?

*. Listen to the extracts from a radiophone-in. What is the reason for each person'sca [ [?-fu

Listen again and decide what advice youwould give each cal ler and why.

D iscuss .

r Do you ever [ isten to this l<ind of radioprogramme? Why/Why not?

z Who/Where do you usual ly go to for adviceabout p rob lems?

= Wor l< in A /B groups . Dec ide on somein teres t ing prob lems fo r a rad io phone- in .

tz ln AIB pairs, tal<e i t in turns to roleplayphon ing a rad io phone- in p rogramme andasl<ing for advice.

I,j

4*3.

It 's t i e ...Form /f's time + subject + past tenseMeaning' l t 's t ime I did something' is used to mean'l should have done something already or at least

It's e you did your homework.

I'd therForm subject + would rather + object + past tense(+ than ...)Meaning' l 'd rather you did/didn't do something' isused to talk about what you'd prefer someone elseto do.I'd rather you n' t smoke in here.Form subject + would rather + infinitive (+ than ...)Meaning' l 'd rather doi not do something' is used totalk about what you'd prefer to do.l'd rather not spend all day lying on the beach.

I'd better ...Form subiect + had better + infinitiveMeaning' l 'd better do/not do something' is used totalk about something when it is advisable to do it ( inthe present or future).l'd better mend that dow as soon as I can.

R orted speechUse 'reported' or ' indirect 'speech to tel l peoplewhat somebody said or thought.

Make the tense of the verb one 'step' further backinto the past.' I wont to go out.' + She said (that) she wanted to goout.

Modal verbs also change.'Con you help me paint the kitchen?' + She asked meif I could help her paint the kitchen.

Subject and object pronouns change.' I will give it to you soon.' - He said he would give itto me soon.

References to part icular t imes change, e.g.'The books will be delivered tomorrow.' - She saidthe books would be delivered the next day.

Word order changes, e.g.' at are you doing at the weekend.' - He asked mewhat we were doing at the weekend.

Use if (or whether) when reportingYes/No questions,e.g.'Did you e y the film?' + He asked me if I hodenjoyed the film.

R orting verbsSay and explain are followed by verb + (that).

Iell is followed by verb + object + (that).He told us we needed to show iden ation.Ask, remind and warn are followed by verb + object+ inf init ive.We reminded him to post the letter.Promise and decide are followed by verb + infinitive,e.g.We decided to stay at home and watch TV.Admit and suggest are followed by verb + gerund.He admitted liking her a lot.

Hord as an adjective means firm and difficutt to cutor break.The mattress is quite hard.These plums are too hard to eat.Hard as an adverb means using a lot of effort orforce, e.g.9he's been working hard oll day.Hardly is an adverb which mean s almost not or verylittle.I hardly know the people in my closs.Hardly is often used with ony(thing/onefivhere, etc.)and ever.We hardly ever go out in the eventng.

Key vocabulary

Successbest-sel ler succeed go r.0€r have a gohave had the i r dav g ive -o be up to sc ra tch

Person a I i typroac t ive neadst i 'ong op in ionated man ipu la t i veself ish single.minded open easy-going wit tyoutgoing to be the centre of at tent ionto be a party animal to be a complete doormatto be realty high maintenance to be down-to-earth

Ad ject ives/ | ntensif i ershappy - ecstat ic important - v i tal big - hugeupset - devastated hungry - starvingtired - exhausted very really extremelyabsolutely

Phrasal verbs with three partscatch up with get away with keep up withput in for come up with cut down on look up tolook forward to put up with make up for

Find the mistakes in six of the sentences andcorrect them.

1

2

. :,, : ,' : t,l,: ,::::i,!: {;!;t:i!{: l;t,;ey:!;*l ,:l::tyt; L;e!*;'t:

,.- | ;. "-' ;ii i,a

I d better went to the shops before they close.

Had you rather I didn' t say anything to yourboss?lsn' t i t t ime you told him how you real ly feel?

I'd rather not working this weekend if at atlpossible.

Woutd you better take a raincoat in case itrains?

6 I 'd rather you paid me back in cash than bycheoue i f that 's OK.

7 What 's that smel[? | think i t 's t ime you get thecake out ofthe oven.

8 I 'd rather took iust hand luggage on the planethan a large sui tcase.

Complete the sentences using the past.

, i r i - . , ' l i i ? r i i i i r J l i ' i I

r Tony/ask/ l t ike/ptay/tennis/ this weekend.

z They/tett /best t imeivis i t Egypt/be/ in Januaryor February.

3 Helen/say/not know/what t ime/f i reworkdisptay/start .

4 He ask/me when/l want/go/see/the LondonEye.

5 My boss/tet t / t have to/make/presentat ion/atsales conference/ in March.

6 The newspaper/say/one/ourathtetes/fai t /drugs test.

Choose the correct alternative in each case.

1 - . . : r - . ; - , _

She promise d to do/doing att her homeworkbefore she went out to see her friend.

Can you explain mefto me exactly how this DVDrecorder works?They decided to sell/selling their house andmove to the country.My doctor suggested taking/to fake a week offWOTK.

They warned usfro us that the weathercondit ions would make walking in themountains quite dangerous.Wittyou remind me to go/going to the postoffice this afternoon?He admitted beingfue wrong about the time ofthe train.

Complete each of the following gaps with hardor hardly.

r I 'm going to work real ly on my mathsfrom now unt i l the end of term.We _ have any time to see friends at themoment. Li fe is just too busy!I could bel ieve i t when she said theywere going to get marr ied!I t wi l t be a long, cl imb to the top of thathi i l .

anyone came to opening night of therestaurant. l t was very disappoint ing.l f you look , you can just see Michaelon the other side ofthe car oark.

Unjumble each of the words in i falrcs in thesentences betow.

r She loves being the centre of nnaoiettt. Shewants everyone to be tatking about her.

z He's terribly doopitninae. He reatly thinks thathis own opinions are the only ones which areworth l istening tol

3 Tara got al lAs in her f inal school exams. She'sabsolutety ccttiaset.

She finatty ducdecees in persuading him to goto the ool ice.We're really looking rrwfdoa to visiting mybrother in Australia. lt ' l l be the first time we'vebeen out there.My brother's very goginuto. He really enjoysbeing with fr iends and meeting new people.

He's spent a lot of money gett ing his new carup to hctsocr before the big race.

I told her not to take her driving test yet butshe's very narthesdog and insisted on doingwhat she wanted.

IE

34

#.,-.1,j.:..l:l

.:'.'?'+ t -&';;;'"- 4g$*

H o w a r e t h e p h o t o s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e t o p i c o f , c r i m e ' ?

T h i n k o f w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s c o n n e c t e d w i t h c r i m e a n d t h elaw. Wr i te them in the appropr ia te co tumns.

Explain these newspaper headlines. Use a dict ionary i f necessary.

, Local MP stopped for speeding

Gyber crime up by 50%..

Overcrowded prisons slammed in new report

Chaos in fraud case after witness int imidation .

Suspended sentence for teacher in road rage incident '

Keen cop gives out record number of finesl

Do you think crime is increasing or decreasing where you [ ive? Arethere any part icular types of crime which are a speciat probtem inyour area?

LAW COURT CRIME CRIMINAL EVID E N CE PU N ISHM ENT

a ludge rabbery thief fingerp rints communtty

servtce

sequencing devices, e.g. After + -ing

tell a funny story

Vocabulary I taw and insurance

Match the words/phrases r-ro to the appropriate definit ions a-i.

2 a Complete the sentences with the words/phrases from Ex. r inthe correct form.

r She plans to the hospital af ter they gave her the wrongoperat ion.

z Bai ley was - to three years in pr ison for his part in therobbery.

3 We lost the case this t ime but there's going to be an - . Wewi[ [ never give up.

4 I 'm afraid that the cost of the annual - has gone up again.They say i t 's because of the number of c laims last year.

5 My neighbour has been of shopt i f t ing but tucki ty he doesn'thave to go to pr ison.

6 Does this _ plan cover things that are stolen from me whi leI 'm on hol iday?

7 Can you - that this TV witt be detivered before Christmas? lt'svery important.

8 They don't think the f i re was an accident. They think i t was

9 Ted's wife has for divorce. He's very upset about it.

ro He's been arrested and chareed with ..Apparentlv, IHe's been arrested and charged with - . .Apparent ly, hepretended that an expensive paint ing had been stolen to get theinsurance money.

1 tnsurance off ic iat ty decide in a court of law thatsomeone is guit ty of a cr ime.

b) an amount of money that you pay forinsurance

when you pay a company money and theypay the costs i f you are i [ [ , have a caraccident. etc.

d) give a legal punishment to someone who isguit ty of a cr ime

5 to sue (someone) e) the cr ime of del iberately making somethingburn, especiatty a buitding

5 to guarantee f) start a legaI process to get money fromsomeone who has harmed vou in some wav

g) make an official statement that you are goingto do something, especial ly in a court

h) promise that something wit [ happen or beoone

i) when someone deceives peopte to get moneyto convict(someone of)

when someone asks a higher court to changethe decision of a lower court

to sentence(someone to)

to file (a ctaim)

I Discuss.

r lmagine someone buysa coffee in a fast foodrestaurant. They thenspi l t the hot coffee onthemselves and areburned. Should they suethe fast food company?

z What di f ferent things dopeople insure? Have youever heard about anvoneinsuring somethingstrange?

3 Do you know any famouscases of fraud? lf so, whathappened?b Listen and check vour answers.

4

Listeninga, You are going to listen to a story abouta crime involving cigars. Before you l isten,suggest what the story might be using as manyof the words in Ex. r as possible.

b Listen to the story and compare yourideas.

Listen again. Put these sentences in the orderin which they happen in the story.

r The lawyer is arrested.z The insurance company refuses to pay.

3 He makes a claim against the insurancecompany.

4 The lawyer is sentenced to jail.

5 He smokes the cigars.6 The insurance company pays the lawyer.

7 He insures the cigars against f i re.8 The lawyer sues the insurance company.

9 A lawyer buys some rare cigars.

a Listen to the story again. Which of thefollowing expressions do you hear?

r Go on . . .z The way i t goes is that . . .

3 Fancy that.

+ Fair enough.

5 What on earth for?5 Pult the other one.

7 You're kidding!8 Cross my heart.

b Find the expressions in the tapescript onpage t74. Discuss in groups what you thinkeach expression means.

5

Gra &f I sequencing devices

7 a Look at the examptes in the Active grammarbox. Then, complete the structures A and B bywrit ing the correct part of speech for each one.

Active grammar

Having cashed the cheque, the Ia r wosarrested.

After cashing the cheque, the la r wosa ted.

see R rence page eg

b Which clause comes f irst in the order ofevents?

8 Complete the sentences by writ ing the correctform of a verb from the box.

stay read promise do go win

r After to the bank a number of t imes,the robbers fel t thev understood at l thesecurity systems.

z Having to pick his fr iend up from thepolice station, Terry completely forgot.

3 After extremely well in his first yearexams, we were very surpr ised when he saidhe wanted to stop studying [aw.

4 Having some excellent reviews of thenew P.D. James murder mystery, I wanted toget a copy to take on hol iday with me.

s Having successful ly her case againsther old employer for wrongfuI dismissal, shedecided to go out and celebrate.

6 After at the office until midnight toprepare her report for the judge, she decidedto give herself the next day off.

a Think about three things that happened toyou last week and what you did after each one.

b Tet l another student the f i rst thing and seeif they can guess what you did next. Then, tel lthem i f they were r ight or not.

A: After doing my English homework ...

B; ... lou watched a film on TV?

A: No. I collapsed on the sofa and fell asleep!

6

I

,%g*e:*e,kiaag_a m:a# read ixagry

1# Work in pairs. Student As look at the pictures for Story r below.Student Bs look at the pictures for Story 2 on page r5r. Thepictures make a story. With another student, work out the story.

? €" Check your ideas by reading the story.(Story r is on page 149, Story z is below).

An ambitious burglar broke into a vast

rnunrion on millionaires' row at Bel Air' Los

Angeles. He went through th," ho,":,1:1T ?]

roo"m, putting anything of value tl, ': n" :::

t

see and carry in the large bag he'd.brolgnt ,with him. Having completely f i l led his trag' ne

decided it was time to leave'

He started to realise that he wasn't sure of the

*"V ""iUr,

moved on quickly' throu,Eh a^larBe

dining-room, past an tndoor gym and througn

"""rn?t room'fil led with exotic parrots' By.

no* n" was beginning to panic' Then', having

run through a large library and a small room

full of art, he began to get quite desperate'

He ran up a small circular staircase to what

seemed to be a large bedroom' He knocked

on the door and went in' The owners of the

house had been asleep in bed but sat up

in fr ight only to f ind a traumatised burgtar

a"rp3r",u to find his way out of th.e maze of

t""tt. After giving him detailed directions'

thev phon"dIh" polit"' who arrived minutes

i;;:;; "t.orted

the relieved burglar to the

safetY of a nearbY Police station'

3 * "'*. Prepare to tell another student your storyusing the expressions in the How to box.

tell a funny storyCheck you remember ". A lowyer bought someal l the importantinformation. . He insured them against

, ltre.

", cigar, to insure

Introduce the story Did you heor the storyobout the mon who stolea parrot?Have you heard the oneabout the robber who fellasleep?

Keep the funny part ... and so can you believeuntitthe very end.

i ,:i!:ri;:;r;:::;r:,f

i iail and a $z4,ooo fine.

B: In A/B pairs, show your partner yourpictures and tel l him or her the story. lncludethe structures Having + past participle andAfter + present participle as appropriate.

Check you know thekey vocabulary

2

I

past modals of deduction must/might/can't have donespeculate about past events

1 Look at the pictures. What do you think theperson is doing?

Listen to the conversation. What do thepeople say is happening in the photos?

Read the examples r-3 below, then completethe rules A-C.

Active grammar

He must have fixed up some kind ofsecurity camera.He might have done it before.He can't have realised he was beinacaught on cemero.

Use __ + past participle tosay that you think something is possiblein the past.

Use __ + past participle tosay that you think something is notpossible in the past.

Use _ + past participle tosay that you are certain about somethingin the past.

see Reference poge eg

4 Choose the correct alternative in each sentence.

r They mustlfnight/can'f have got into the housethrough a window. They were all locked.

z He must/might/can't have told my parents thatI was caught shopl i f t ing but I hope he didn' t .

3 The iudge must/might/con't have liked you. lt'sunusual to only get a suspended sentence inthis kind of case.

4 They must/might/can'f have sacked himbecause he was [azy. He was one of thehardest working people in the company!

5 Don't be negative. She must/might/can't havepassed her English test. We wi[[ only knowwhen we get the results.

6 She must/might/can'f have left very quietly. Ididn' t hear her go.

7 She must/might/con'thave had a bad meetingwith the Marketing Director. She's been in aterrible mood ever since.

8 He must/might/can't have arrived yet becausehe promised to phone us the minute the planelanded.

a Complete the sentences using mustlmightlcan't have and an appropriate verb from thebox.

r We don't know who took the money. Therewere lots of people in the office during the dayand i t _ any of them.

z I wonder why Pete didn' t turn up to do hiscommunity service. He _ about i t . Ireminded him yesterday.

3 I 'm not sure where Jo is. She _ roundto Sa[[y's. They're working on a school projecttogether.

4 How did you know about the surprise party?Someone _ you!

5 You all your birthday money already.You got nearly froo!

6 | _ my keys at home. I remember feel ingthem in my jacket pocket when I got on thebus.

z She her homework yet. She onlystarted it at 9 o'clock.

8 I've lost one of my gloves. | _ it on theway to work.

b Listen and check your answers. Payattention to the pronunciation of mustlmightlcan' t have. How is have pronounced each time?

6 Listen to the extract from a radio newsprogramme. How did the pol ice f ind the photosfrom Ex. r?

2

3 a

8

Vocabulary I compound adjectives

Combine a word from column A below with a wordfrom column B to make compound adjectives.Check in a dict ionary i f necessary.t single-minded

A B

r single-2 one-r midd le -

4 left-

5 home-6 last-

7 paft-8 so-

9 t ime-ro brand-

a) minuteb) agedc) timed) callede) mindedf) madeg) newh) consumingi) wayj) handed

a Complete the sentences with the compoundadjectives from Ex. 7.r Apparent ly, she said that the computer and TV

that were stolen were when in fact theywere severaI years old.

z They arrested a _ man for joy-r iding lastnight. l t 's surpr is ing because joy-r iders areusual lv in their teens.In his interview for insoector he came across asvery _ which is exactly what we want. Weneed someone who wi l [ get things done.He said he just wanted a _t icket toAl icante which is what made me a l i t t lesuspicious.I 'm doing some voluntary work with youngoffenders. I reallv tike it but it 's ouiteI t 's taking up most of my weekends at themoment .I t was a decision to go to Paris but I 'mreatty glad we did. After al l the hasste of thecourt case we needed a break.The fact that the thief was was a vi talc lue that hetped the pol ice catch him. Theyfound some special ly designed scissors in hisftat.

The _ expert for the defence was veryvague in his answers. I 'm not sure i t was real lyhis speciat ist area.I 'm start ing work as a _communitypolice officer in January. lt 's Monday and Fridaymornings which is perfect for me.You must try a piece of this chocolatecake. One of the pr isoners made i t in thecookery class.

I Discuss.

2

3

Do you consider yourself to be a single-mindedperson? Why/Why not?When is someone 'middte-aged'do you think?What things in your l i fe are part icular ly t ime-consuming? Can you do anything about this?Are you a ' last-minute' k ind of person? l f so,give some examples.Have you ever had a part-time job? lf so, whatwas it? Did you enioy it?

Do you think home-made cooking is always thebest?

Reading10 Work in pairs. How many different ways can you

think of to steal $zoo.ooo?

11 Read the art icle and brief ly summarise howD.B. Cooper managed to stea[ $zoo,ooo.

t 2p.m. on 24thNovember 1971.,a middle-aged man

of average height, dressed

in a dark suit, white shirt,

dark glasses and a black

tie, handed a $20 note

to a clerk at the Portland

airoort. asked for a one-

way ticket and then boarded Flight 305 for

Seattle. Identifying himself as Dan Cooper,

he carried only a briefcase. Just before take-

off, he handed the flight attendant a note.

Watching her put the note in her pocket, he

said quietly, 'Miss, you'd better look at that

note. I have a bomb.'The message demanded

$200,000 and four parachutes - by 5p.m. To

remove any final doubts, Cooper opened his

briefcase and showed the flight attendant sticks

of dynamite, attached to wire and a battery.

As the plane circled over Seattle, the pilot,'William

Rataczak, quickly learned he was

not dealing with an amateur. This man was

totally single-minded.With the confidence of

an army commander, Cooper told Rataczak

that after the money and parachutes had

been delivered, he wanted him to head

south from Seattle, fly no higher than

10,000 Get and leave the rear door open.

t 2 Read the art icle again andanswer these questions.

r What did D.B. Cooper takewith him onto the plane?

z What did he want?How did Rataczak realisehe was not deal ing with anamateur?At what t ime did the planetake off for the secondt ime?At what t ime did D.B.Cooper jump from thep lane?

Why couldn't the fighterplanes foltow D.B. Cooper?Who took part in theofficial search for D.B.Cooper?What single clue did theyget?

Why has the case of D.B.Cooper captured thepopular imaginat ion?What different thingshave been done tocommemorate what D.B.Cooper did?

Find three examples ofcompound adject ives in thetext.

Discuss.

r What do you think of whatD.B. Cooper d id?

z How do you think he gotaway with it?

3 Do you understand whysome people admire whathe d id?

4 Do you know any storiesabout famous cr iminalsfrom your country?

The plane landedin Seattle andbyTp.rn,it had refuelled and the parachutes andmoney were on board.The plane tookoff again a Gw minutes after 7.30p.rn.Then Cooper carefully collected allhis cigarette ends, made sure he hadall his handwritten notes and strappedthe money bag to his body using cordshe cut from one of the parachutes.

At 8.12p.m,'we felt a little bump andthe air pressure changed,' Rataczaksaid. And that was the last fix on D. B. Cooper. The Air Force hadsent up rwo F-106 fighter planes ro chase the Boeing 727 andtry to keep Cooper's parachute in sight but they were too fastand had to keep making giant S-curves in the sky. For the nextfew weeks, hundreds of federal agents, helped by Army troops,searched around the area under where Cooper jumped.A smallsubmarine also searched nearby Lake Merwin. But they foundnothing. In fact there was no concrete evidence of any kinduntil February 1980 when an Oklahoma boy, having a picnicwith his family on the shore of the Columbia River, came acrossa waterlogged bag containing 294 rnouldy g20 notes.The serialnumbers matched those on the notes given to D.B. Cooper.This find got the FBII attention. Helicopters flew over the area,squads of agents dug up the shore, searching for more notes,Cooper's body or parachute but again, nothing.

D.B. Cooper entered the history books as an authenticAmericanlegend.'Theret a good reason for this,' says Larry Goldfine, aSeattle lawyer who was sitting on Flight 305 that day.'ltwas rhefirst skyjacking for money and then the skyjacker disappearedwithout atrace.No one was hurt and it all happened right underthe noses of the FBI'. Most people think D.B. gor away with it.The Cooper ofthe legend has the coolness of a Steve Mceueenor Clint Eastwood. In the end, no one has ever worked out justwho he was - or is. In his enduring anonymiry he has inspiredthree books , a play, a film, a song and thousands of D.B. Cooperbars and restaurants. Perhaps the ultimate tribute is the annual

'D.B. Cooper Days' festival in the tiny Washington town overwhich Cooper was thoughr to have parachuted. Theret a D.B.Cooper look-alike contesr (lots of forry-ish men in dark suitsand dark glasses), and half-a-dozet parachutists make a jump.

1 3

t 4

relative clauseswrite an article

F,eadingL &

1

2

3

y3

Discuss with other students.

What do you know about Sherlock Holmes?Was he a real person?

Why and when was he famous?

Now read the text and check your ideas.

Was Sherlock Holmes a real person?Not exactly, but Dr Joseph Bell, theman who inspired the character ofSherlock Holmes, shared manyqualities with the famous detective.Arthur Conan Doyle, ihe writer andcreator of Holmes, met Dr Bell in1877 at the University of Edinburgh

Medical School. Conan Doyle wasstudying to be a doctor and Bell wasone of his professors.

Bellwas thirty-nine years old whenCon'an Doyle first attended one of hislectures. He is said to have walkedwith great energy. His nose and chinwere angular and his eyes twinkledwith intelligent humour. Bell, who wasa brilliant doctor, liked writing poetry,playing sport and bird-watching.

By the end of Conan Doyle's secondyear Bell had selected him to serveas his assistant. Being on a wardwith Bell, where he had plenty ofopportunity to observe, onlyincreased Conan Doyle's admirationfor the great doctor. Amongst otherthings he was able to witness Dr Bell'sremarkable ability to quickly deduce agreat deal about the patient.

Dr Bell observed the way a personmoved. The walk of a sailor. whohad spent many years at sea, variedgreatly from that of a soldier. lf heidentified a person as a sailor, he

would look for any tattoos that mightassist him in knowing where theirtravels had taken them. He trainedhimself to listen for small differencesin his patients' accents to help himidentify where they were from. Bellstudied the hands of his patientsbecause calluses or other marks couldhelp him determine their occupation.

Conan Doyle published the firstHolmes story in 1887. His innovationin creating a character that wouldappear over and over in a series ofself-contained stories meant thatHolmes's popularity grew with eachinstalment. Soon the character wasso beloved that people refused tobelieve he wasn't a real person; lettersaddressed to 'Sherlock Holmes,Consulting Detective' arrived daily atBaker Street and Scotland Yard, eachbegging him to take on a real case.

g Read the text again and complete the notes.

The Real Sherlock HolmesPerson who Sherlock Holmes was based onl. Dr Joseph Bell

Relationship to Conan Doyte: (r)

Where/When met Conan Doyte: (z) , (l) -Dr Bell's hobbies: poetry, (+) -, G) -Things Dr Bel[ observed about patients: the way they moved, (6) -, their accents, (Z)

Date first Holmes story published: (8)

Letters for Sherlock Holmes sent to: (9) -

Defi ning relative clausesThe underl ined part of the sentence is essent ial to the meaningof the sentence.

Commas are not used to separate the clauses.Who and which can both be replaced by that.

Non-defi ning relative clausesThe underlined part of the sentence gives us extra information.This clause can be removed without affecting the centralmeaning of the sentence.Use commas at the beginning and end of these clauses unlessthey end the sentence.Who and which cannot be replaced by thot.

Join these pairs of sentencesto make one sentence.The pol ice st i l l haven't foundthe man. He stole my bag.

The police still haven't foundthe man wha stale my bag.

r John's been my best friendsince school. He's helpingme start a new business.

2 My current flat needsredecorating. I've been in itfor a couple of years.

3 Tamsin's going to Australiafor the winter. Her parentsemigrated there last year.

4 My neighbour has given mehis otd computer. I've alwayst iked him.The family at the end of theroad are thinking of moving.Their dog barks constantly.Tina's car is up for sale.She's had it for years.

Complete the sentences in away that makes sense.r Where are the jeans

2

34

which . . . ?That 's the pop star who . . .She's the t i t t te gir lwhose . . .lU l ike to f ind a placewnere . . .I th ink that 's the couplewnose . . .We went to a shop where . . .Wasn't it your fatherwho . . . ?She bought the mobi lephone which . . .

6

7

Person to penson

I Tel l another student threeinterest ing things about you.Begin l ike this:

Libya is the place where I wasborn. My mother an Englishteacher there.

r X is the olace where . . .z Y is the oerson who . . .

3 Zwas the t ime when . . .

6

3 Read the text again and find words that mean:

r to give someone the idea for something (para. r)2 very good, intelligent, skilfut (para. z)

3 part of a hospital where patients stay (para. 3)4 new idea, method, etc. that is used for the first time (para. 5)5 to ask for something in an urgent or anxious way (para. 5)

Discuss.

r What new information have you learned about Sherlock Holmes?z Do you think you are observant l ike Dr Belt? Woutd you be a good

witness in a cr ime si tuat ion?

I Would you be interested in being a pol ice detect ive? Why/Why not?

Gfa &f I retative clauses

5 Read the information in the Active grammar box and decide whichof the examples r-5 contain 'defining relative clauses'and whichcontain'non-defining relative clauses'.

Dr Joseph Bell was the man who inspired the character afSherlock Holmes"Bell, liked writing poetry playingsport an d bi rd -wotch i n g.

Bell was thirty-nine years old

Being on a ward with Bell,opportunitv to observe, only increased Conan Doyle'sadmiration for the great doctor.Conan Doyle, whose Sherlock Holmes novels were

died in ry3o.

4

7

see Reference page eg

Listeninga Listen to an interview with an ordinary American whosename is 'Sherlock Holmes'. First, discuss with another student:

r Why do you think he has this name?z What do you think are the possible consequences

of having a name t ike this?

b Listen and check your ideas.

Listen again and explain the signi f icance of thefol lowing things in the interview:

t This is what the American Sherlock HolmesIikes to be called.

r The name'Ho lmes 'z The or iginalConan Doyle stor ies

3 A favourite literary figure

4 The quest ion 'Where's Dr Watson?'

5 TV magicians

6 The mother of an old familv fr iend

t $7oooe His torch and magnify ing glass

Discuss.

r How do you feel about your name? Does i t mean something?Were you named after someone in your family or someonefamous? l f so, who and why?What reasons do people have for changing their names? Do youknow anyone who has changed his/her name? l f so, why did he/she do i t?In Bri tain, women often take their husband's surname when theyget marr ied? What do you think about this?

i i t t " : : d l r , , . : : r ; ; . * . . .

A, n-A'-Ztof ng,mes

iting12 Read the art icte in the

Writ ing bank on page 164and do the exercises.

You are going to writean art ic le about a famouscrime.

r Listen and make notesfrom this descr ipt ion ofhow Nick Leeson broke theBarings investment ban k.

z Decide on the main pointsfor your articte.

3 Organise your ideas intoparagraphs.

4 Wri te your art ic le in1oo-15o words. (Check theimportant points aboutwriting articles from Ex.e.)

5 Read your art ic le through.ls it interesting and easy toread? Make any necessarychanges.

1 3

' I . : l : " :

Riddle of PM'smissing diary

2

Discuss.

r Do you ever read Engl ish newspapers?z What is the purpose of a headl ine?

3 Do you ever have problems understandingheadl ines? Why?

a Match the words r-rz, with the meaningsa-1. Use a dictionary if necessary.

b In pairs, discuss what you think the twoheadl ines above might mean.

Choose the most l ikelv al ternat ive in eachheadl ine.

t Key/Pleo witness receives death threatz IBM axeshids top managers

3 Guests escape hotel clashhlaze

+ School governors back/quit teacher

5 Chat show host fight dramolkey6 Potice and students closhthit

I BT bids/pleas for US communications network8 General quits/oids top iob

4 Discuss. Would you be interested in readingart icles with the fol lowing headlines? Why/Whynot? What do you thinl< each one might beabout?

r Interest rate cut boosts exports

' Prince and model to wed

r Leading bank in sex discrimination case

+ Man. Utd. crash to defeat in Cup match

s MP spy dramao Riddte of 2nd Van Gogh painting

z Butler quits the Palace

e Cape Town bids for Olympics

s Bomb blast in northern India

10 Votes scandal in Galifornia

Discuss.

r Do you read newspaperslmagazines often? lfso, which ones? Why do you l ike them?

z Do you read the whole paper lmagazine or justcertain parts? l f so, which parts?

3 Do you think newspapers are the best way ofgett ing the news in your country?

4 Which are the most popular newspapers inyour country? What are the main di f ferencesbetween them?

3D

A B

r a id2 axe3 bacl<+ b id5 blast6 blaze

7 qu i t8 clash

9 dramaro hitu keyrz plea

a) strong requestb) affect badlyc) explosiond) leave, resigne) essential, vitalf) cut, removeg) dispute, conflicth) attempti) tense si tuat ionj) supportk) hetpt) serious fire

;;:A man was dr iv ing a lone in h is car when he came o f 'the road a t h igh speed. He c rashed th rough a fenceand went down a s teep s lope be fore the car p lungecinto a fast f lowing r iver. As the car slowlg sett led inthe r i ver , the man rea l i sed tha t h is a rm was brokenand tha t he cou ld no t re lease h is seat be l t and ge tou t o f the car . He was t rapped in the car . Rescuersar r i ved two hours la te r , ge t theg found h im a l i ve .

How eome?

A police off icer wassitt ing on his motorcgcle

at a red traff ic l ightwhen two teenagers ina sPorts car drove bghim at 50 mph. He d id

not chase them or t rg toapprehend them.

Whg not?

A man rode in to town on Fr idag.He s taged fo r th ree n igh ts and

then lef t on Fr idag.How come?

. : r ' +

Bobbg l ives wi th h is parents in London. Last week, whi le h isparents were out , Bobbg's neighbour Susie came round to

spend the evening. At I o 'c lock prec ise lg she went out to buusome c igaret tes f rom the corner shop f ive minutes walk awag.0ne minute af ter she le f t , two men burst in to the house and,ignor ing Bobbg, took the TV set , the s tereo and a computer .Bobbg had never seen the men before and theg had no legalr ight to remove the equipment - get he did nothing to stop

them. In fact, he didn't even act surprised bg their behaviour.How come?

m A man leaves hoso i ta l andbeg ins to wa lk home. 0n h i s

journeg he passes a phone boxwhich begins to r ing. Instead

of answer ing i t he punches thea i r and runs a l l t he wag home

cheer ing. Whg? : . When a f i re brokel o' out In an arrp lane, a

panick ingpassenger opened

the emergenca hatchand threw h imsel f

out, even though hehad no parachute.

How was it that whenthe rescue servicesfound him, he wasalive and well andwithout injurg?

Try and so lve the la te ra l th ink ing prcb lems above. Fo [ [ow these ins t ruc t ions :

r Read each o f them and make a no ie o ianv vccabu[ar ' . v l vh ich s tops youunders tand ing them.

z Ask o ther s tudents and/or check in a d ic t ionar r i t c i i r c cur : the mean ing o fthe unknown vocabutary.

3 Wor l< w i th another s tudent . D iscuss ideas you have to exp ia in each o i theproblems.

Now choose the one you are most in te res ted in and read the exp lanat ion fo ri t . ( r page r49 ;z page 145; 3 page t47 ;4 page r48 ; 5 page 1 . ,o ;6 page 15r ) .

r Make Iwo Yes/ lo quest ions to ask about each of the other problems.t : t i ; . : : . i i t t : ; : : , ) : : , . : r t : : ' t f ; . ; ;5f .19; : ; ' l ' i ' : r - l i l l : l : : : : : . ' : : . . , , '

z Ask other students who know the explanat ions for the other problems yourques t ions .

3 With the addit ional information, suggest explanat ions for each of the otherprob lems.

l : l : : , : i : '1 . : : l ; : r : , ; : : ; i : . : i : : : ; , : , ; t - : . : t : , . : ; : i i l , t . : t :1. : a. , 'a , , ' : . , , i1 : : , ' , ' . " 'tr.*#

tlFTE

Sequencing devicesUse Having + past participle or After + presentpart ic iple to show the order of events when tet l ing astory or descr ibing a ser ies of events.Having discussed the problem for several hours, wedecided to go out for something to eat.After laining ta her boss why she needed a raise,she told him that she wos thinking of leoving thecompony.

Other examples with a simi lar structure include:

Before painting the room, she had to s off the oldwallpaper.

On entering the raom, he noticed that all the dowswere open.

While cleaning the room, she discovered a locked diary.

Use musf to say that you bel ieve something iscertain.

Use might to say something is a possibitity.

Use can' f to say that you bel ieve something is notpossibte.

For the past, use must/might/can't have + pastparticiple. This is the same for t/you/he/we/they.

You must have enjoyed yaur holiday in Australia.I think I might have left my wallet in that shop.She hasn't phoned me so she con't hove got nymessoge.

You can use moy instead of might and couldn, tinstead of con' t .

She may have stopped to get some petro!

any towels.

May/might have + past participle can also refer tothe present or future.

l'll give him o call but he may have left by now"By this e next yeor I might have moved to Brussels.

Relative cl sesDefining rel ive clausesDefining relative clauses define or identify theperson, thing, t ime, place or reason. They cannot beleft out.

is the teacher who I told you about.That's the street where I grew up.No commas are used before and after the definingrelative clause.That can be used instead of who or which.

The woman that/who'l share an office with has been inthe compony for years.The relative pronoun can be left out i f i t is the obiectof the verb in the relative clause.Simon bought the jacket (that/which) we saw when wewent shopping last weekend.

Non-defining relative clausesNon-defining relative clauses give extra informationwhich can be left out.Commas are used before and after non-definingrelative clauses unless they end a sentence.Who and which cannot be replace d by that.I've lent my new bike, which I really like, to my brother.Coiro, where I lived for severol years, is o fascinotingcity.

Key voc ularyCrimerobbery thief fingerprints community servicespeeding fraud witness int imidat ion road rage

Law and insurancepremium fraud to fite (a ctaim) to sue (someone)to guarantee appeal arsonto convict (someone of) to sentence (someone to)

Conversational expressionsGo on ... The way it goes is that ... Fancy that.Fair enough. What on earth for?Putl the other one. You're kidding! Cross my heart .

Compound adjectivesmiddte-aged one-way single-mindedleft-handed home-made Iast-minute part- t imeso-ca[[ed t ime-consuming brand-new

Newspaper headl inesaid axe back bid btast btaze quit ctashdrama hi t key plea

I

I Join the following pairs of sentences. Use After+ present participle or Having + past participle.

She arrived at the office earlv. She worked hard

a , i ; : - : : ' : : : : . : r : - : j , ' I :

r She travel led for hours to get to the vi [ [age.She thought she should stay there for at leasta couple of days.

z He saw his neighbour struggl ing with a lot ofheavy bags. He offered to help her.

3 She came f i rst in her universi ty exams. Shewas approached by a top firm of lawyers.

4 She took home an injured cat she had foundby the side of the road. She fett she had tokeeo it.

5 He saw a young man take a CD without paying.He totd the security staff.

6 He spoke to his father. He totd his boss hewanted a raise.

7 They got a long let ter f rom their cousin. Theydecided to go and see him.

Complete the second sentences so that theymean the same as the first. Use must/might/can' f with the verb in brackets.

I don't believe she got an 'A' in her exam.

She _ . (get)

r l t is possible he stayed late at the off ice.

He _ . (stay)

z There's no chance that I teft my gloves in theca r.

| _ . (leave)

3 I 'm sure she's shown me her hot iday photos at[east ten t imes.She _ . (show)

It 's not possible that she's f in ished al [ herhomework already.She _ . (finish)

I have no doubt that they were real ly pleasedto win the comoeti t ion,They _ . (be)

There's a chance my letter got lost in the post.

My letter -. (Sot)

':. Add commas as necessary to the sentences.David Gray who wrote the song White Ladder isperforming in Paris this weekend.

r l 'm afraid | lost the book which she [ent me.

z I 'm going to spend a few days in Sevi l te whereI f i rst met Raoue[.

3 These are the apples which I picked from thetree in my garden.

4 The young man who I spoke to has promisedto give me a refund.

5 We decided to stay at the Regina Hotel whichsome fr iends had recommended to us.

6 Tim whose job invotves a lot of t ravel l ing hasoffered to let us use his ftat for a few weeks.

Find the mistakes in four of the sentences andcorrect them.

r Steve works for a sma[[ company makeskitchen equipment.

z I think the name of the f i tm that I 'd l ike to seeis Collaterol.

3 Did you hear exact ly that he said?

4 The demonstrat ion, had been going on forseveral days, is fina[[y over.

5 lsn' t that the place where you grew up?

6 My sister, that speaks French and l tal ianfluently, wants to be an interpreter.

Complete the sentences with one of the wordsfrom the Key vocabulary sect ion on page 129.

' , , : . : . . ' : : i : :1. : . : t : , . . : ; ) . ; : , ! i : i l : : i , . ' : i ' : : t ; : . : ; i ; : r : : ; ; '1 ; ; i . : . , i , : . , i

r I remember being forced to wri te with my r ighthand as a chi td even though I was obviously

Government gives boost to troubledsteeI industry.They say I have to pay a fine for traveltingwithout a t icket but I 'm going toWe're going to try and get a _ deal witha localtravel agent. Apparent ly there are somereaI bargains.A: l f you come to my ptace, l ' [ [cook dinner.

B : _ enough. Shat t I b r ing some wine?

Can you believe it? My DVD recorder stopsworking after thir teen months and theis for one year!

Mystery at chemicats factory iniuresthree workers. Arson susoected.

and fas t a [ [ morn ing .

L,*

"*! :

:

:.

4F

3

2

Lead-in1 Discuss.

What is happening in each photo? How are they connected?

a In pairs, match the quotes below with pictures r-3 and explainwhat you think the phrases in i tal ics mean.'Walking on hot coals is a question of mind over matter.''Politicians often rely on the power of persuasion to make people votefor them.''l gave up eating all sweet things using nothin gbul willpower;

b In what situations have you used a) mind over matter, b) thepower of persuasion and c) willpower?

a, Listen to six peopte answering questions r-6. Make briefnotes about their answers.r Do you ever have premonitions? Do you take them seriously?z Have you ever had a feeling of ddjd vu? What happened?3 Are you someone who is usually able to trust your intuition?4 Do you know anyone who uses hisfier sixth sense a lot?5 Have you ever been unconscious? What happened?6 Do you think you have any subconscious fears?

b ln pairs, write a short definition for each of the phrases in italicsin the questions above. Then, compare your definit ions with thedefinit ions in an English-English dict ionary.

e Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

3

reflexive Dronounsask about and give your own betiefs and opinions

Reading1 a Discuss.

What sort of problems do hypnot ists help people with?

b Read the text quickty and answer the quest ions .

r What problems are mentioned in the text?

z How do you think the wri ter feels about thehypnot ist Paul McKenna: scept ica[, impressed,indifferent or nervous?

handsTheir lives in his

He is a modern-day guru. Therich and famous a[[ turn tohim when they are in need ofhetp. Christa D'Souza meetsPau[ McKenna, the hypnotistwith hidden powers.It is early in the afternoon inWest London and the officeof Paul McKenna Productionsis bustling with activity.

McKenna himsetf is a small, mousy man and when I arrive heis tatking animatedty on the phone. On the shelves aroundthe office, I notice boxes marked 'smoking', 'motivation'

and 'ftying' amongst others. McKenna eventuatty puts thephone down, apotogises and then, noticing me [ooking at theboxes, politely wonders whether I am frightened of ftying.'Yes, that 's why I 'm here, ' ladmit . Already, l feel in awe ofthis man.

Pau[ McKenna has an eclectic band of followers, whocome to him with a wide range of problems and phobias,from fear of ftying to depression. He has worked with manyfamous peopte, including actors, rock stars, sportspeopteand even royalty. He doesn't charge his clients for theirtreatment, but asks them to make a donation to a charity ofhis choice. Besides, he doesn't need to charge them; he hashis incredibly successful TV career, with programmes like lheHypnotic World of Paul lvlcKenno. His two-year contract withone tetevision station is said to be worth about t2.5 million.

2 a Read the text again and decide if these statements are true (T),

false (F) or we don't know (DK).

r The writer is frightened of ftying.

z His clients give money to a charity that McKenna specifies.

3 Some cl ients go and tatk to McKenna every week.

4 He hypnot ises people by looking into their eyes.

5 The wri ter enjoyed being hypnot ised by McKenna.

McKenna is more than just a hypnotist, however. He hasbecome a new-style guru and many of his clients now turn tohim instead of their doctor or psychiatrist. He is fascinated byphobias and is constantty getting clients with problems thattheir doctors just can't do anything about. Recentty he saw awoman who thought her fingernails were turning into knives.Her doctors were comptetety at a loss to know what to do butamazingty McKenna cured her with just one half-hour session.'l can see why people come to me,'he says. 'lf you use thetraditional approach, it sometimes takes six months.'

This is how it works. When the ctient gets there, McKennasits them in the chair I'm sitting in. He will then hypnotisethe client by having him or her fix on a point on the ceiting.After a while the 'natural relaxation of trance' sets in, theeyes ctose and McKenna then talks to the ctient. One exercisethat he uses on sportspeople invotves them resisting pressurefrom his arm. You hold your arm out straight and try to keepit there while McKenna pushes it downwards. First, you doit white thinking about something nasty (tike a bad day atthe dentist) and then white thinking about something nice(tike a relaxing hotiday you had). Oddly, it 's thinking the nicethoughts that makes you stronger. I tried it, and it reallyworks. The difference really is amazing.

I asked McKenna to put me into a trance. lnitiatty Iresisted and resisted, rather as you do just before being givena general anaesthetic, but soon found myself, not exactly'under', but completely relaxed. One of his ctients said ofMcKenna, 'He hypnotised me down the tetephone. lt gaveme a realty good feeting, like when you've done strenuousexercise and you feel great.' I know exactly what she means.And I'l ldefinitety be back.

b Write a paragraph of about75 words summarising themain points from the text.

e Read your partner'sparagraph. Did you include thesame points?

3 Discuss.r What is your react ion to Paul McKenna and what he does?z Have you (or has anyone you know) had any experience of being

hypnot ised? Give detai ls.

3 Would you like to be hypnotised? Why/Why not?

4 lf you were going to be hypnotised, what would you ask for helpwith?

Gra I reflexive pronouns

4 Complete the reflexive pronouns r-6 in the Active grammar box.

a Match the examples r-5 with the correct rule A or B in the Activegrammar box.

r I cut myself whi le I was cooking.z Emily herself said she's not very good at maths.3 They blamed themselves for the accident.4 | spoke to the boss himself.

5 You should put yourself in my posit ion and try to understand.6 She didn' t go to the hairdresser; she cut her hair herself .

b Which one of these sentences is grammatical ly incorrect andwhat do the other two sentences mean?r We taught ourselves how to play tennis.z We taught each other how to play tennis.3 We taught us how to play tennis.

see Reference on page U3

6 Complete these sentenceswith each other, reflexivepronoun (myself,themselves, etc.) or objectpronoun (him, us, etc.).

1 | _ have never beenhypnotised but I knowpeople who have.

2 My best friend and I oftenknow what arethinking.

3 A friend gave _ abook about acupuncturefor my birthday.

4 I'm so forgetful - I'malways locking _ outof my house.

5 People in Bri tain usual lygive _ presents atChristmas.

6 I'd like to speak to thedoctor , not thereceptionist.

7 The teacher taughtto meditate

by thinking about ourbreathing.

8 The people in my familytalk to a lot.

Person to person

7 a Do you agree with thesestatements? Make briefnotes about your views.

r Most people can curethemselves of a phobia(e.9. fear of spiders) or anaddiction (e.g. smoking)without getting help from aprofessional.

z One ofthe best ways oflearning is being with otherstudents and teaching eachother.

3 Parents should bepunished for persistentchild truancy, as well as thechildren themselves.

b Compare your views withother students. Do you agreewith each other?

o

SUBJECT PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOU]tIS

Singular I G)_you yourself

he (z) -she herself

it (r) -Plural WC (+) -

you G ) _they (6) _

Active grammar

A common use of reflexive pronouns is to talk aboutactions where the subject and object are the same person.The reflexive pronoun is essential to the grammar of thesentence.

He started to to be a hypnotist.We can also use reflexive pronouns for emphasis, whenwe mean ' that person or thing, and nobody or nothing else' .The reflexive pronoun is not essential to the grammar of thesentence, but is added for emphasis.

T,isfuning

8 @ Listen to three people talking aboutPaut McKenna and hypnosis. Which statementbest summarises each person's opinion. Onestatement cannot be used.r He/She has benefited personally from

hypnosis.z He/She admires McKenna for what he has

achieved.

r He/She thinks that going to hypnotists is oftena waste of money.

+ He/She thinks i t 's good but doesn'tunderstand how it works.

I a Listen again and complete these verbphrases about belief and opinion.t I reckon he's probably genuine myself.z l'm in -of just accepting it if it works for

you.I 've always fhaf people like PaulMcKenna are just good showmen.lhove my -abouthow much he canactualty do for people in the [ong-term.

l'm -fhaf hypnosis has any effect atatt .

6 l 'm people paying for a service andgetting nothing rea[ in return.

I I - hypnosis actually works for anyone.

I l 'm that it was the hypnosis thathelped me.

g I - | would've left my job by now.

b Answer the quest ions about the meaning ofthe verb phrases.

r Which two verb phrases mean: I feel almostcertain that something is true?

z Which three verb phrases mean: I think thatsomething may not be true or is unl ikely tohappen?

3 Which two verb phrases mean: I thinksomething is true or is t ikety to happen?

+ Which one verb phrase means: I agree withand support a plan, idea or system?

5 Which one verb phrase means: I disagree withand am opposed to a plan, idea or system?

Pronuneiation

1O Listen again and repeat the sentences payingspecialattention to the pronunciation of thephrases in Ex.9a.

1 1 Rewrite the sentences using the words inbrackets.

1 My view has always been that there is life onother planets. (believed)

z I think that ghosts don't really exist at all.(doubt)

3 | had a very strong feeling that I knew whatshe was thinking. (convinced)

4 | agree with people trying all sorts of differenttreatments. (favour)

s I think that some people have supernaturalpowers. (reckon)

6 | am not sure about the existence of UFOs.(doubts)

7 | disagree with paying someone for a service Idon't understand. (against)

8 | think i t 's unl ikely that anyone can predict thefuture. (scepticaD

Speaking

12 tn pairs, discuss your views about some of thetopics in the box. Use the How to box and theverb phrases in Ex.9.

hypnosis vegetarianism marriagemilitary service smoking in public placesghosts telepathy Internet chat rooms

13 a Choose a topic from Ex. rz. Prepare to talkfor one minute about your views. Use the notesbelow to help you.

r Say what experience you have of the topicand/or why it interests you

z Say arguments in favour or any positive pointsabout the topic

3 Say arguments against or any negative points

4 Say your conclusion and/or summarise yourpersonaI views

b Listen to other students give their talks.Which of the views you heard were simi lar toyours?

ask about other people's viewsWhat are your views on ,..?

What do you think of ...?

Are you for or agoinst...?

How do you feel about ...?

Do you have any strong feelings about ...?

gerunds and inf in i t iveswrite the arguments for and against a point of view

Listening1 Discuss.

r What are the people in each picture doing?z What do you think their aim is in each case?3 What different techniques are they using to achieve their aim?

2 Listen to an extract from a radio programme and decioewhich two of these things are being discussed: a) advert ising,b) potit icians, c) supermarkets.

3 Listen again and complete the notes.

Discuss.

r What do you think about the ways that supermarkets persuade youto buy more things or visit more frequently?

z How much do you think you are inf luenced by advert is ing?3 Can you describe an advert that you part icular ly t ike or that has

stuck in your mind? Why do you l ike i t or why do you think you'veremembered i t?

5 Choose the correctalternatives.

r Have you got anyfavourite advertising IadvertisementsT

z What are three of the best-known target marketslmakes of clothing in yourcountry?

3 Would you [ike to workin commercial breaklmarketing?

4 Do you think you wouldbe good at thinking upcommercial breakslslogans?

5 What do you usual ly doduring co m mercial breaks Imarketing on TV?

6 Have you ever boughtanything through a targetmarketlclassified ad?

7 Which film has had a lotof classified odslhyperecently?

8 What do you think thehypeltarget marketisfor eight-seater 'people-carr ier 'vehicles?

Pronunciation

6 & Listen to thesethree words and mark wherethe main stress is. ls i t onthe same syl lable or not?r advertisingz advert isement3 advert

fo Choose four ofthequestions in Ex. 5 to ask andanswer with a partner.

4

Persuasionr Where persuasion takes place: television,...z Large amounts of money spent on:Supermarkets

3 Two ways to relax customers:

4 Why reward cards are good for supermarkets:Advertising

5 Two types of advert:6 Adverts for c leaning products:

z Most powerful adverts:8 Adverts for luxurv cars:

9 Adverts which use famous people:

Qfamrn8,f I gerunds and infinitives

7 a Look at the verbs in bold in sentences r-5 in the Active grammarbox and choose the correct alternatives.

b @ Listen and check your answers.

c Write the verbs in botd in the correct place in the Active grammarbox.

a Check the meaning of the verbs in the box. Then, write themin the correct place in the Active grammar box' Use a dictionary ifnecessary.

advise agree allow arrange avoid encourage hopepractise regret remember stop suggest

b Look at these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in

meaning between the underl ined parts in each pair?

r a The TV remote contro[ wouldn't work so I tried changing thebatteries.

b I tried to change the batteries in the remote control but Icouldn' t open i t .

z a Did you remember to buv some shampoo when you were out?

b I remember buving some more shampoo but now I can' t f ind i t .

3 a I regret to tell you that you failed your final exam.

b I resret telling her that I faited my final exam.

4 a The news was on but we stopped watching when the advertscame on.

b We were having lunch but we stopped to watch the news.

see Reference poge U3

I Comptete the secondsentence in each pair, so ithas the same meaning asthe first. Use between twoand four words including theword in botd.As a rehearsal, I gave thespeech in front of a mirror.practised

I practised g the speechin front of a m r.

r 'Why don't we go to thec inema? 'he sa id .

suggestedHe to the cinema.

z 'You really should get a iobin advert is ing, 'she said tome.encouraged

S h e - a j o b i nadvertising.

3 | made an attempt to speakto her on the phone butshe was out.

triedI to her on thephone but she was out.'0K. l ' l l give you a lift tothe airport , 'he said.

agreedHe me a lift to theairport.

I used to come here when Iwas a chi ld.

rememberI here when I wasa chi ld.'lf I were you, lU see adoctor,' he said.

advisedHe see a doctor.

We drove the long way sowe wouldn' t get stuck intraffic.avoidWe drove the long way to

stuck in traffic.'Go on! Buy the ieansand the boots! They're socheap, 'she said to me.persuaded

She - the jeans andthe boots.

Active grammar

1

2

They persuade us buying/to buy things we may not want.

We carry on using/to use reward cards at the samesupermarket.Adverts for clothes often want making/to make us feelthatwe belong.I try resisting/to resisf buying expensive designer clothesbut it's difficult!You could try leaving/to leave your credit card at home ifyou don't want to spend so much.

verb + gerund on

verb + infinitive

verb + object + infinitive

verb + gerund OR verb + infinitivewith a different meaning

Person to person

1O Tatk to di f ferent students in the class and f ind someone who . . .. . . . was al lowed to watch as much TV as hei she wanted as a chi ld. . . . regrets not [earning to ptay a musical instrument as a chi ld. . . . has arranged to do something exci t ing this weekend. ... hopes to travel to a different continent next yearo . . . remembers what they were doing on 3rst December 1999. . . . has tr ied to give up smoking

riting

11 m Discuss the statement in pairs. Do you agree? Why/Why not?

Advertising on TV during children's programmes should not beollowed.

fo The sentences in the box are taken from an essay. Complete thetable with the correct paragraph number r-4.

Paragraph r: Introduct ion - general statement about the issue

Paragraph z: Arguments in favour of the statementParagraph 3: Arguments against the statementParagraph 4: Conclusion - br ief ly summarise your opinion

P o h z A Firstty, companies know that children can bepersuaded to want things very easily.

B Finalty, it is important to remember that manychildren enjoy watching advertisements andfinding out what is available in the shops.

C ln conclusion, I think it is the parents'responsibil i ty to control how much television theirchildren watch.

D In this essay, I wil l consider the question ofwhether companies should be allowed toadvertise to children on television.

E On the other hand, it is not only the companieswho have responsibil i ty for what children watch.

F On balance, I am convinced that companies shouldbe banned from advertisingto children, especiallyon television.

G Another reason why they should not be allowedto advertise to children is that they are usingchildren to make their parents spend more.

H This is an important issue and there are strongfeelings on both sides ofthe argument.

13 Choose a topic for your essayusing one of the statementsbelow or something else youfeeI strongly about. Writedown arguments in favourand against your statement.

r teenagers should not beat lowed to wear designerclothes or shoes at school

z smaIt , locaI shops arebetter for the communitythan large supermarkets

3 background music and TVscreens should be bannedin public places, e.g. caf6s,wait ing rooms, shops, etc.

a Write an essay about yourstatement. Use the plan andthe language in the tablein Ex. nb and your notes tohelp you.

fu Read another student'sessay. Do you agree withhis/her f inal conclusion?Why/Why not?

1 3

ifstructures (z)tatk about your regrets and resolut ions

Ileadieag

" i Read the short text below and answer theq ues t ions .

r What is the matter with Bernard Marx?z Why is this a problem for him in his world?

X Read the extract and answer this quest ion: Whatare the bab ies learn ing wh i le they are as leep?

r what di f ferent types of work they coutd chooseto do in the future

z how to get on wet l with other chi tdren

3 how to be happy with their future role in society

Silence, silence,'whispered a loud speaker.'Silence, silence,' repeated other loudspeakersat intervals along the corridor. The studentsand even the Director himself, withoutthinking, obeyed the voices and walked on thetips of their toes. They were Alphas, of course,but even Alphas have been well conditioned.'Silence, silence.'The air of the fourteenth floorwas heavywith the whispered command.

The Director carefully opened a door. Theyentered a room where the light was very low.Eighty little beds stood in a row against thewall. All that could be heard was light regularbreathing and a continuous hum like the soundofvery faint voices speaking softly at a greatdistance.

A nurse stood up as they entered.'What's the lesson this afternoon?'the Director asked quietly.'Elementary Class Consciousness,' she answered.The Director walked slowly down the long line of beds. In eachone lay a child asleep. Eighty little boys and girls with pink,healthy faces lay there softly breathing. There was a whisperunder every bedcover. 'Elementary Class Consciousness, did yousay? Let's have it repeated a little louder by the loudspeaker.'

At the end of the room a loud speaker hung on the wall. TheDirector walked up to it and pressed a switch.'... all wear green,' said a soft but very distinct voice, beginning inthe middle of a sentence, 'and Delta Children wear light brown.Oh no, I don't want to playwith Delta children. And Epsilons areeven worse. They're too stupid to be able to read or write. Besidesthey wear black, which is such an ugly colour. I'm so glad I'm aBeta.'

There was a pause, then the voice began again.'Alpha children wear grey. They work much harder than we do, because they're so clever. I'm really veryglad I'm a Beta, because I don't work so hard. And then we are much better than the Gammas and Deltas.Gammas are stupid. They all wear green, and Delta children wear light brown. Oh no, I don't want to playwith Delta children. And Epsilons are even worse.'

The Director pushed back the switch. The voice sank to the faintest of whispers which could just be heardfrom beneath the eighty bedcovers.'They'll have that repeated a hundred and twenty times three times a week for thirty months while they aresleeping, then they go on to a more advanced lesson. Sleep-teaching is the most powerful force of all time insocial education. The child's mind becomes these suggestions and the total of these suggestions is the child'smind. And not only the child's mind. The adult's mind too, all his life long. The mind that thinks and desiresand decides. But all these suggestions are our suggestions!'The Director almost shouted in his enthusiasm.'Suggestions from the State.

(Extract from:. Braue Neu,s Worldby Ndous Huxley, Penguin Readers, Level 6)

Read the text again and wri te the quest ionfor each of these answers.

r Because the loudspeakers were whispering'Si lence' .

Why were the students walking quietlyalong the corridor?

z They heard chi tdren breathing and thesound of quiet voices talk ing.

3 They looked heatthy with pink faces.

4 Because he wanted the students to be ableto hear what the loudspeakers were sayingto the chi ldren.Eosi lons.

Betas.

35o t imes.When they're thir ty months old.

I t means that the chi ld learns to think inexact ly the way he/she is taught.The fact that the suggest ions are a[[control ted by him and the State.

Discuss.

r What do you think of the extract ? Howdoes it make you feel?

z What kind of world does the book describe?Do you know of any other books or f i lmsthat deoict futur ist ic worlds?

3 Do you think that people in our world arecondit ioned to do certain things?

56

78

9

5 a Work in A/B groups. Look at the words/phrases in the table. Using a dict ionary, f ind thefol lowing: a) the meaning, b) the pronunciation,c) an example sentence.

GROUP A GROUP B

to whisper to mumble

to shriek to interrupt

to blurt out to speak your mind

to be lost for words to have a word with

fu In A/B pairs, tel l each other the meaning,pronunciation and example sentence for eachword/phrase.

a Complete the quotes with the correct form ofthe words/phrases from Ex.5.

' l to ld a col league that I d been using oneof those self-hetp CDs to help dealwith mystress. Then, in the middte of a meeting withsome other col leagues, he suddenlyeverything I 'd told him. Honest ly, l - - |was so shocked I didn' t know what to say. '' l went to the cinema last weekend and thepeople behind me were to each otherthroughout the whote f i tm. They didn' t seem tonot ice that they were annoying everyone else.In the end, my fr iend them and theystopped, but by that t ime the f i tm was nearlyover.'

3 'My cousin has been staying with me for thelast week. I must say she's quite i rr i tat ing.She's real ly loud and every t ime I say anythingshe _ with laughter. The other thingshe does is constant ly people whenthey're in the middle of a conversat ion. ldon' tmean to be horr ible but I ' t t be realty glad whenshe goes! '

+ ' l d id my f i rst presentat ion at work yesterdayand i t was OK. But at the end one of mycol leagues told me that I had been -and he couldn' t real ly hear me. He's the kind ofperson who isn' t afraid to and I was abit upset at f i rst . I suppose i t 's useful feedbackthough. '

b Listen and check your answers.

Choose three of the words/phrases fromEx. 5a. Te[[ your partner about di f ferentsi tuat ions in which you or someone else spokein each ofthese ways.

Grammar | rystructures (z)

8 a Match the examples r-3 with the correct uses A-C in the Activegrammar box.t lf porents olwoys speok two longuoges to their children, they

become bilinguol.

3 lf I won o lot of money, l'd give up my job.

k Now match examples 4-6 with the correct meanings D-F.

a lf she hod studied harde\ she would be ot university now,

5 lf she n't study os hard os she does, she would have failed thet.

6 lf he hod memorised his verbs, he wouldn't have failed the test.

Active g'rammar

Uses

A First conditional: to talk about future possibitity

B Second condit ional: to talk about present or future unreal orimagined si tuat ionsZero condit ional: to talk about things that always happen

Third condit ional: to talk about past unreal s i tuat ions with apast result

A mixed conditional: with an 'f clause', referring to the pastand a main clause referring to the present/future

F A mixed conditional: with an 'f clause', referring to thepresent/future and a main clause referring to the past

Modalverbs (con, could, might, etc.) can be used in First,Second, Third and mixed conditionals instead of will and would.

Form:

a) = f+ PresentSimple, nzi l /+ inf ini t ive

part ic iple

= lf + Past Simple, would + infinitive= f+ Past Perfect, would have + past I

= f + Present Simple, Present Simpte= lf + Past Perfect, would + infinitive OR f + i:r"'*:l:::: .*,.!"i,:1_!:\:::;::::::,::l1'*,,''*'*,*,.*,,::...*,,',i

I a Look at the rules of form a-e in the Active grammar box andwrite the correct type of condit ional next to each one.

b Look at the examples and choose the correct alternatives fromr u l e s r a n d z b e l o w .lf you talk to babies a lot, they will leorn to speak quickly.Provided you tolk to bobies o lot, they will learn to speok quickly.Unless you talk to babies a lot, they won't leorn to speak quickly.t unless/provided has a similar meaning to f.z unless/provided means if not.

see Reference poge q3

t:r;ii

1O Wtrat type of condit ionat iseach sentence? Correct thegrammar mistake in eachone.

r l f I had more t ime, I ' l l goand study Engt ish abroad.

z l f parents shouted at theirchi ldren, they becomeaggressive.

3 | speak Engt ish f luent lynow if I 'd learned it as ach i td .

4 | usual ly remember' vocabulary, provided I'l l

write it down.

5 l f you' l l repeat a wordenough t imes, you' i lprobabty remember i t .lf l 'd attended morelessons, I would passed myexams.I d have a better job if Ipassed my exam.l f a student reads books inEngl ish, his/her vocabularyimproved.

Person to person

11 Which of the sentences inEx. ro apply to you or do youthink are true? Tell a partner.

cD

b)

c)

d)

e)

eakingLZ a"

Ex.be:

Look at the sentences inro. Which of them could

1 regretsz resolutions

fo Think about yourlanguage learning or yourschool/work [ i fe. Make anote of one or two of yourregrets and your resolutionsusing ffstructures.

*: Compare your lists with apartner. Have you got any ofthe same resolutions?

II

Ccmnqsnly misspe[t words

*"

7

Discuss these quest ions.

How many basic spel l ing rules do you thinkthere are in Engt ish?a twenty-fiveb sixtyc ninetyHow many di f ferent ways do you think thereare for spel l ing the sound i i : /?

a at least five

b at least eightc at least twelveWhat do you think the Spelling Society inBri tain wants to do?

a simpti fy Engl ish spet l ingb encourage correct spett ingc go back to old spel l ing rules

Read the text and check your answers.

There are ninety basic spelling rules in

he, keY, ski, debris, quaY'

* Choose the correct spel l ing for each pair ofwords?

beleive/bel ieveintet l igen ce/ inte [ [ iga nce

su bconscious/ su bcon siouspsych o[ogist / pyscho togist

dout /doubtexistan ce /existencesuccessfu [ /successful Iresponsabit i ty/responsibi t i ty

3 a Find the r8 common spetl ing mistakes in theemai land correct them.

Deor Emine

!1, How ore you? I ,n hoving o grote t ime.A11 the people l ,ve met hove been vervgen rous . 0 f cou rse , I ,m s t i 11 o f o r i e i e rhe re ond i t f e l t w ie rd o t f i r s t , bu t I 'mbegin ing to feel more ot home now. Thewether is definotely very changoble _ anai t ro ins o 1oi l So thot feels l ike homelI 've now got my occomodot ion sor ted out .

t he re co r .

f 'm going to send o seperote emoi l to Mumand Dad . Bu t soy , h i ' t o Muro t f r om me .I ' 1 1 w r i t e o g o i n s o o n .Lots of 1ove, Mel iso

* Compare with a partner. Do you agree?

4 ia Listen and say which of thesequest ions the student does N0T talk about.

r Why is i t important to spet l accurately?z Why is i t d i f f icutt to spet l accurately in Engt ish?

3 Are there any words that you part icularty t ikeor disl ike the spelt ing of?

4 What are some of the ways you use toremember how to spet l words?

fu Discuss the quest ions with other students.

Life1*rzg Learmimg

Spelling test

Can you add any more t ips to this [ ist?

. use a dict ionary to check spelt ing

. keep a notebook of words you f ind diff icultto spell

. choose ten words to learn how to spell everyweek. Ask a friend to test you.

. use a computer spell-check

5oe your mind work?

Discuss.r What do you know about each of the people in

the ohotos?z Whose approach to t i fe do you think is most

similar to yours? In what ways?

a Do the quiz and make notes about your ownanswers. Use the ideas in the boxes and yourown ideas.

b Now do the quiz with your partner and makea note of his/her answers.r What would you most l ike to spend your t ime

doing when you're on hotiday?

playing sports doing nothingreading a good book doing a puzzle booktalking to local people

z When you're learning a [anguage, which ofthese appeals to you most?

analysing grammaticaI rulesspeaking without worrying about mistakesimmersing yourself total ly in the countrywhere the language is spoken

r Which one of these would you be most keenon doing as part of your work?

working together in a teamwriting a story or poemdoing scientifi c researchdoing something pract icat being outdoors

4 When you're in a group, which one of these areyou most t ikety to do?

wonder what other people are thinkingbe the 'entertainer 'who keeps the mood highspeak on behatf of the grouptake control of any money or number issueskeep the group focussed on reaching its goal

5 Do any of these statements descr ibe you? l fnot, write one which does.

I enjoy dancing.I tike trying to figure people out.I tike telling stories.I'm interested in science.I enjoy a good discussion.

6 Which of these jobs would you [ ike to domost?

politician artist iournalist lawyerpsychologist teacher astronaut nurse

Compare your notes with the descript ions onpage 15o. Then discuss these questions.r Which descript ion do you think you are most

t ike?Which descript ion do you think your partnermost [ike?Do you and your partner think/ learn in asimi lar or a di f ferent wav?

2

3

Reflex e pronounsSi n gu la r: m ys e lf/yo u rs elf /h i m s e lf /h e rse If tr t s e lfPtu ral: o u rselves /yo u rselve s /th e m selve s

We use reflexive pronouns to tatk about actionswhere the subiect and obiect are the same person.The reftexive pronoun is essential to the grammar ofthe sentence and would not make sense without i t .

I cut myself while I was cooking.

We can also use reflexive pronouns for emphasis,when we mean 'that person or thing, and nobody ornothing else'. In this case, the reflexive pronoun isnot essentiat to the grammar of the sentence, but isadded for emphasis.

They built that house themselves.

Gerunds and infinitivesSome verbs are followed by particular structures.The fol lowing verbs are some of the most commonones for each structure.

Verb + gerund: enioy, avoid, imagine, consider,finish, miss, practise, invotve, carry on, suggest

Does the job involve working in the evenings?

Verb + inf init ive: want, seem, offer, decide, hope,afford, agree, arrange, promise, refuse, manage

He offered to give me o lift into town.

Verb + object + inf init ive: persuade, convince,encourage, al low, advise

I encouraged her to work as hard as she could.

Verb + gerund OR verb + infinitive - with a differentmeaning: remember, regret, try, stop, go on

I stopped tolking to Sam. (l wos talking to Sam andthen I stopped)I stopped to tolk to Sam. (l stopped what I wos doingond started talking to Sam)

f structures or conditional sentences generally havetwo clauses. The ' i f ctause' can come first or second.When the 'if clause' is first, we need a comma at theend of the clause.

Use the First Condit ional to talk about future

f + Present Simple or Present Continuous or PresentPe rfect, wi ll /co u I d /s h o u I d /m i g ht /m ay /g o i n g to +verb or Present Continuous or lmperative

lf you're going to the party tomorrow, l'll see youthere.Use the Second Condit ional to talk about present orfuture unreaI or imagined situations.

f + Past Simpte/Past Continuous, would/could/should/mighf + infinitive

He'd be much more healthy if he ddn' : s'll!a{€-

Use the Third Conditiona[ to talk about past umefl,

s i tuat ions with a past result .

f + Past Perfect, would hove/could hovehlpt#hove/might have + past particiPle

tf you hodn't been so rude, he wouldn't have walkd

out.

Use the Zero Condit ional to talk about things that

always happen.

f + Present Simpte, Present SimPte

lf you heat ice, it melts.

Use Mixed Condit ionals:

with an ' f c lause' referr ing to the past and a main

clause referring to the present/future

f + Past Perfect, would (or 'A + infinitive

lf we hadn't missed the plane, we'd be in Spain now.

with an 'if clause' referring to the present/future and

a main clause referr ing to the Past

lf you didn' t want to come to the theatre tomorrow, I

wouldn't hove bothered getting you a ticket.

We can use modals in the First , Second, Third andMixed Condit ionals.

lf you see James, you should invite him to the party.

lf t had studied harder, I might have possed my exam.

Key voc ulary

The power of the mindwittpower, mind over matter, the power ofpersuasion, to have a premonit ion, to have a feel ingof d6i i vu, to trust your intui t ion, your sixth sense, tobe unconscious, subconscious (fears)

Bel ief and opinionto reckon, to suspect, to doubt, to have your doubtsabout, to be scepticaI that, to have always believedthat, to be convinced, to be in favour of, to be against

Advertisingadvert isement, c lassi f ied ad, commerciaI break'advert is ing, market ing, target market, s logan, make,hype

Speakingto whisper, to shr iek, to mumble, to blurt out, tointerrupt, to speak your mind, to have a word with, tobe lost for words

Common[y misspelt wordsaccommodation, beginning, bet ieve, changeab[e,definitely, doubt, existence, friend, foreigner, great/grate, generous, i nte[[i gence, interesti n g, [i brary'necessary, occasiona[[y, psychologist, responsibility'restaurants, separate, subconscious, successful,there/their/they're, usuatly, weird, weather/whether

::aill

,:,t:".:ril:

Complete each sentence using the correct formof a verb from the box. Use a ref lexive Dronounwnere necessary.

Dogs _ (behave) very well if you trainthem property.

l f | _ (br ing) enough money, I wouldhave paid for your dinner.He' l I miss the beginning of the f i tm i f he

(not arrive) soon.5 lf you (press) that button, you get

cold water.

z What (you/do) i f you lost yourpassport?

8 | _ (lie) on a beach now if I 'd bookedthat hotiday.

Complete the sentences with the correct formof the words in the box. Three of the wordscannot be used.

i hype d€t+w premonition slogan makeI interrupt shr iek convince blurt intui t ionI mumble reckon

f was sare I'd s*en h*r bef*re" ! haC s str*fiqf**iit';E *f rid!* vu.r I 'm that recycl ing is essent ial for

hetping the environment.z Don't bel ieve al l the about that new

fi lm. l t 's not much good.

3 Can you let me f inish what I 'm saying withoutme al l the t ime?

| _ he knows something that he's notte l l ing us .

5 The surpr ise was spoi l t because heout the whole plan before I could stoo him.

6 Don't worry about other people. Trust yourand do what you want.

I don' t real ly care what _ of jeans I wearas long as they're comfortable.I 'm not going in a car today. I had aabout being in a car accident.

Find the misspelt words in six of the sentencesand correct them.

3

4

5

I ' l [ def inately see you tomorrow evening.Finding cheap accomodation in London is verydifficult.Having chi ldren is an enormous responsabi l i ty.We went to a great new restaurant yesterday.

Could you put the sandwiches in seperatebags please?

Have you seen there new house?I can' t bel ieve how rude the waiter was!My sister is an extremely sucessful designer.

relax feel b{afie en joy expresshurt concentrate burn

meet r

They *re bl*rninq th*rasett;es f*r tl:e srddent, t:t:tit v'tr:sn't their fault"r Don't touch the i ron. You' i l2 | _very disappointed when I found out

I'd faited my driving test.

3 She's a good speaker. She _ veryclearly.

4 You've worked hard today. You shoutd sit downand now.

5 Jack's gone to the doctor because hewhi le he was playing footbal l this morning.

6 My boss and I are going to _ for lunchtomorrow.

7 Thank you for the party. We reatly8 | as hard as I could on the maths

tesson, but I st i t t couldn' t understand i t .

Find the mistakes in six of the sentences andcorrect them.

The m*nsger *grcrd giving rny ffianey bsrk. -a i{}{iiv*

r We encourage al [ students doing somevoluntary work.l 've arranged visi t ing my grandparents onSaturday.I couldn' t avoid hi t t ing the dog as i t ran out infront of my car.I remember to go to the park every day afterschool when I was a chi ld.He persuaded me joining the new gym withn t m .

6 My teacher suggested to learn ten newspe[[ings every week.

7 Please wi l l you stop talk ing for a minute.8 He advised to have us an early night before the

exam.

Complete the sentences with the correct formof the verbs in brackets. There is sometimesmore than one correct answer.

if we rian't ga cnd see Jan*, she {be} re*tiyups*t" ior.". she nigfut be .".)r lf you (not go) to bed late last night,

you wouldn' t be so t i red.z You'd feel a lot better if you (do) more

exercise.

&

6>

rJ

&

7

2

6

78

. : : - 1 . i ' , , . ' . i .

. ! - -

Student B

a ' i ' : : i . , ' . ' . a . t . . , 1a : , . , ; - j ' i :_ ' .

Explanat ionThe a i rp lane was on

Student B

5 1 60 per person per n ght

Dakh a Oasis is about 85Okm from Cairo The hotel issituated at the top of pink c1if fs wh ch surround the oasisbelow Within the oasis, there are beart i fui f elds andgardens fui l of grapes, ol ve trees, date palms, f igs, apricotsand citrus fruits Beyond the oas s, there are the incrediblesand dunes o f the Sahara Deser r

Dakhla has 32 arye rooms al with private bathrooms TheTooms aTe simply but tasteful/y furnished in the local sty eThey al have fans and also heaters for the cold winternights Some rooms have a terrace with spectacular v ewsofthe nearby mountain range The restaurant servesde ic ious oca food lnc lud ing the t rad i t iona l ' fa la fe l l

lhere are came tr ips and wa king tours avai lable fromhalf a day to 3-plus days These go across the sand dunesof the deser t and a so up in to the mounta ns The gu ideswil help you set up the tents and prepare a delrciousbarbecue dinner on the campfire wlth homemade bread,baked in the sand

the ground when he leapt .

Cornmunieation a,etivitiee

Com uni*aticn * i [x" 4, page 3o Le*g{?3r #.n t ' { "2. z" *a&* z4

r Who is/are descr ibed as thehero(es) in the f i tm?

z ls the reviewer generat ly posi t iveor negat ive about the f i lm?

nurse. Half the course is classroom or private study andthe remaining time is practice-based Right from the start,students wil l be working with patients, with appropriatesupport, and this wil l involve working some evenings, nightsand weekends. The training wil l be demanding. However, thepotential personal rewards can also be great.

You wil l nered to have school-leaving qualif ications and to beat least 17 years old at the start of the course.

a review by Andrew Mansfield

Thefilm Troy,made in 2004,was

inspired by Homer's l l iad, an epic work

originally written over 28 centuries ago.

Homer's l l iad describes the horrors and

brutality of war. In this modern-day fi lm,

however, director Wolfgang Petersen

takes a different look at the story- through the eyes ofthe real people

caught up in a terrifying experience.

ln order to achieve such realism,

Petersen chose to focus on the people,

especially the raging Achil les (played by

Brad Pitt) and the honourable Hector(Eric Bana).There is much historical

detail, impressive recreations of Troy

and the wooden horse and more

than 2,000'extras'.There are also some

spectacular battle scenes but the story

remains in t imate and human.

Both Brad Pitt as Achil les and Peter

O'Toole as King Priam have hugepresence on the screen but it is

Eric Bana as Hector who is bri l l iant

throughout the fi lm.With his nobil ity

and gentle authority, Bana is far more

convincing and far more heroic than

anyone else. His final confrontation

with Achil les is one of the fi lm's most

important moments - the most thri l l ing

fight of all.

The fi lm is long and it has had its

crit icisms. Some people don't approve

of the differences between Homer's'original'and what is shown here. But to

my mind, although Homer wrote stories

based on truth, we don't know the real

truth.The fi lm Troy is another look at

those stories. And by focussing on the

human angle of this epic story of love

and war, in my opinion Petersen has

crafted an impressive fi lm.

Starrat ing: * '& # '#

(Maximum *****)

BSc Business Studies: Full-time, Part-time or Online Learning -

a flexible mode of study which allows you to combine online

learning with university-based study'

We offer excellent facilities and tuition to the candidate who is

committed to taking initiative and studying to his/her full potentiai'

Many places available for mature students and or'erseas students'

For more information and to apply' contact:

Ms. A. Owen,London Centre for Business Studies,

22 ()ower Road, London, NW3

Lesmosa 4.* i [x. z, page 54

:i! Ej,i.,n{F}-d }}#-€-}","4.E:A ffi &ffiY

him to helP her end it all.

Lesson S.1 I Ex. s, page 35Student APlace: Verona, l talyBackground: Caputets (Jul iet 's family) andMontagues (Romeo's famity) are two famil ies withlong-standing history of f ight ing each otherMonday:Romeo and Jul iet get marr iedWednesday:Romeo f inds out about Jul iet and thinks she is deadRomeo ki t ls ParisRomeo then dr inks some poison and ki t ts himself

Co u:rication g | [x. z, page ras

3 Explanation

He was r iding a horse cal led "Fr iday" . . .

Lesson S"B I Ex. 3, page 4oStudent A

** "4l2ffi"*ezi*zi. #,xT;:#Ez*#

Cc H3?i##,6i#ffi # i 'y-]..;;:t. t;..;u: i:6

You love your creature comforts

You love your hol idays but you prefer a touch of homewherever you go. Creature comforts mean a lot to you.Trelcking through the desert with a camel for companyis probabty not your idea of a great hot iday. You prefer acomplete rest and lots of sun.

You love a touch of adventure

You're a bi t of an adventurer comoared to somehol idaymakers. You hate ly ing around sunbathing, but prefersomething di f ferent, such as white-water raft ing. However,you also prefer to sleep in a nice bed in a good hoteI af ter ahard day's adventure.

You love to be independent

You're a true independent travetter who probably avoidspackage hot idays and is rarely seen on a Greel< is land orthe Costa del Sot. You love explor ing far- f tung countr ies andmixing with the locals. And you've probabty got cupboardsful [ of photos and interest ing souvenirs.

You're a real explorer

You have the spir i t of a Stanley or Liv ingstone - a realexplorer who loves to get lost in places where no tour ist hasgone before. You love meeting the locats, hate bumping intoanyone who speaks your language and don ' t m ind s leep ingin the open with the tocaI witdt i fe for company.

I see this diversity and availability as an extremely

good thing. Look at things on a local level. Oliver

Hughes may think that every high street is the same' I

disagree.Yes, people from many different countries may

recognise some of the shops but I can now go down my

high street and I have choicel I can choose to eat many

different types offood. I can also buy clothes from shops

originally from many different places: we've got shops

Llke Zara from Spain and Muji from Japan, as well

as countless brands from all over the world. Far from

having limited choice; the choice is almost endless.

There is no doubt that in some ways the world is

becoming more uniform but the significance of this

uniformity is often exaggerated. Different cultures

remain and we can choose to be the same or different'

The truth is that we increasingly define ourselves rather

than let others de{ine us. Being Italian or American or

Polish does not define who you are: it is part ofwho you

are. It seems to me that most people want the best of

both worlds - old and new. Admit it, Oliver Hughes!

Most of us want to have our cake AND eat it, dodt we?

And maybe we canl

Paul Hodge, London E5

l

The good old days?

In last week's edition, Oliver Hughes lamented the

passing of 'the good old days'. According to him'

we now have identical high streets worldwide, local

cultures have been eroded and national identities have

all but disappeared. I, personally, couldn't believe how

negative his article was' I strongly disagree with almost

everything he said. Far from the uniformity he was

describing, we now live in a world of incredible diversity

and that can only be good.

In the o1d days, we were far more stereotyped and more

pigeon-holed by our nationality or where we lived' You

were an Italian in Italy, you were expected to be, like

and do things like 'an Italiad. The beauty of the new

international view is that it can free people from the

tyftflrry of geography. Just because someone lives in

France does not mean they can only speak French, eat

French food and listen to French music. We can now

take it for granted that a Frenchman' or an American,

or aJapanese person takes holidays in Spain or Florida'

eats sushi or spaghetti for dinner and has friends from

around the world.

"- .:.

' ;r.r ... i,1.J V;1- ie';";

i : . . ; . . '1 , i :ay)* 4t :, - , t \ - - r i - : : - -

Student B

I read Oliver Hughes'article'The good old days'last week

with interest. Despite making some sensible points' to

my mind his argument is wildly oversimplified in saying

that the old days were better. A1l too often nowadays, we

hear these black and white opinions about'globalisation''

In my opinion, it's a gtey area and there are important

benefits as well as some inevitable downsides as we move

curry from India, but for some, it's even better' Even

branded goods are often changed to suit local tastes' with

M.Donald's selling beer in France, lamb in India' and

chilli in Mexico.

As far as I can see, the same is true of music' According

to Oliver Hughes, all we ever listen to now is bland

American-influenced music. I know for a fact that the

evidence does not back this up. Latin American salsa'

Btaz1!\an lambada, and African music are all popular

throughout the wodd' as well as a massive intermixing

of musical types. And alongside this incredible diversity

now available across the world, in most countries' local

artists still top the charts. So, local tastes are alive and

well, AND even more variety is being created'

Another point which Mr Hughes failed to convince me

about was about English'taking over the world'as he put

it. I dont think so! I agree that huge numbers of people

now speak English: around 380 million people speak it as

their first language and another 250 million or so as their

second. However' in many cases' a new type of English

has been created. Many people across the world now

speak a'global English which facilitates communication

in an *"r-shrinking' ever-more commercial world'

People certainly dorit want a single world language, but

u n.*.o*-on global language has major advantages for

created all the time.

Mr. L. Bishop, Near Manchester

*raz:zzr{z*..:,l!*:*ti*::" * i 1x. 2. {iez*,1>^*

4 ExptanationBecause Bobby was only 9 months otd . . .

3-,*gg*g: ,4..X 1 t:'... ;1, {:*gr: r,t

Student A

To relax and prevent tension buitd-up in your hands and wrists.

r With elbows out, push your f ingert ips together. Keep pressing f i rmty for10 seconds. Relax hands together and repeat.

z Tuck your elbows into your sides. Hotd your hands out in front of you,pa tms down. Beg inn ing w i th the thumbs and index f ingers touch ing , f l i ckeach f inger away in turn. Then reverse back from the t i t t te f ingers.

3 Rest your forearms on your desk, f ingers soft and relaxed. Keeping yourI i t t te f ingers in contact with the desk, rol lyour hands outwards sotha t bo th pa tms face the ce i l ing . Then ro t l the hands inwards .

L*sfri*;-l {:*., .:t 1 /:.2. '*, y:;:7;* '1,,

Student B

Sunday:

Jul iet 's father promises that Jul ietwi l l marry Paris ( the son of thePrince ofVerona)Romeo and Jul iet meet, fa[ [ in loveand decide to marry

Tuesday:

Jut iet is totd she wit l marry Paris thenext day

Jut iet takes a 's leeping pot ion' topretend to be deadThursday:

Jul iet wakes up from the effects ofthe 's leep ing po t ion '

She discovers Romeo is dead andkit ts hersetfThe two famil ies f ind their twochi ldren dead and mal<e peace witheach other

, p;a-ivli)

Lesson +.4 | Ex. na, page 55Student A

a small oetrol station in Vancouver. AfterIocking the attendant in the toilets, they madetheir getaway with a few hundred dollars.Coming from Edmonton, they didn' t knowtheir way around Vancouver and twentyminutes later they drove up at the same petrolstat ion to ask direct ions.The attendant, Mr. Karnai l Dhi l lon, havingjust escaped from the toilets, was alarmedto see the two robbers coming into the shopagain. "They wanted me to tell them the way

ff* unieati"oxr

tessclr l e.* 1[x.4, page 5rStudent B

Do this si t t ing or standing. l t 's great for st i f f shouldersand necks.

Sit on the edge of your chair , feet paral lel , f lat onthe f toor and about 30 cm apart .Put your lef t hand behind your back, palm outwards.Make i t go as high up between your shoutder btadesas you can (use your other arm to hetp i t up).Breathe in and raise your r ight hand up to thecei l ing. Then relax a[[ of your r ight s ide as youbreathe out.Breathe in and stretch towards the cei l ing.Breathe out and drop your r ight hand down behindyou to take hotd of the waiting left fingers. Keepshoulders and elbows back.Hotd for two breaths, release hands and repeat onthe opposite side.

Tip: l f you f ind that you cannot reach, hold a t ie or bel tor scarf in the top hand and let i t hang down so thatthe lower hand can catch ho]d of i t . Try moving handscloser together using i t and you shoutd improve thelooseness of vour shoulders.

Cc umicmticm S i Ex. z, page rz*

r ExplanationThe teenagers were travelt ing on the road thatcrossed the road that the pol ice off icer was on. Theydrove through a green light.

4

5

to Port Moody," he said. "l guess they didn'trecognise me or the petrol station."He was just cal l ing the pol ice when the paircame back again to say that they couldn't gettheir car to start. While they were waiting fora mechanic to help them, the pol ice arr ivedand arrested them.

*r* zzvzies,tzrsn aetivities

L*sscn 4.L | [x. tob, page so

l 'm sure someone's said that before, but hey, I'm new to

this. I have been looking through the blogs out there and

I knew there were lots but I didn't realise that there were

lots and lots and lots and lots and lots. lwasted hours

today going through some of them. I hadn't meant to, Ijust iradn't noticed how the time had gone. The thing is

that most of them have links to other blogs and it's easy to

get carried away. lt 's curious though, all these people out

and write it down. But why put it up on the web? lt's hard

to answer that one. Some people seem to use them as a

way of keeping family living elsewhere up-to-date or to stay

in iouch with friends, but there are many like me who just

throw their thoughts out into cyber-space for anyone who

feels l ike reading them. l 'm sure that this is a great toptc

for psychoanalysts everywhere; I wonder what they think?

Posted: Sunday February l3th at '10:37 pm

Less*r? &.* | [x" *.3b, pag* 8i

Student A

Yvtatan Eeotgdge

I r . , : , i i r t . : . : . : : - , S t a y i n a C O m f O r t a b l ebungalow with a vera,nda as well as bedroom,sltting room and bathroom. There are fansbut no air conditioning. Mea,ls are served inour ma,in building - half board including tastyMexican breakfast and 4-course ca,ndle-]itdinnen There is a lot ofdellcious fresh food andseafood available. There is also a bar, a gamesroom and a swimming pool for you to enjoy.

:r, :; : r.;; i- it' . rs A variety of tours are availableirlcluding bird watching tours, trips to thefamous caves j-rr the a,rea and moonlight safaris.There is a,lso a sma,il Natural Hisbory Museum,offering an overaJl view ofthe flora and faunasr:ffounding bhe hotel.

C* aer:ieati*n * I Ex.. z, fiage tz&

5 ExplanationThe man had iust been cured of deafness, and ther inging phone is f inal proof that i t has been a success.

Fr*get:n 4.* | Ex.. za, page 5r

Standing/Basic jump

The Parkour Roll

C* uni.*ati*n 3"* I Y.x."3,{:*{,t:3.raz

Types of thinl<ers/learners

Linguist ic: They t ike to think in words and use comptexideas. They are sensit ive to the di f ferent sounds andmeanings of words and enjoy the process of learning aforeign language.

Logical-mathematical : They t ike to understand patternsand the relat ionships between things. They are goodat thinking cr i t ical ly and probtem-solving. They l ike toanatyse and understand the rules.

Interpersonal: They t ike to think about other people andare often peacemakers. They are aware that di f ferentpeople have different views on life and probabty have[ots of f r iends.

Existent ial : They t ike to spend t ime thinking aboutphi losophicaI issues and don't [ ike to be bothered withtr iv iaI quest ions. They are always asking quest ionsprovoking discussions and debates.

Kinaesthet ic: They l ike to think in movements and f indi t di f f icutt to si t st i t I for tong. They are interested inf i tness and health and they learn best when they arephysicatty involved.

Wall flip - NOT for beginners

Lesson 9.1 | Ex. rr, page 12o

Co unication 4 | Ex. r, page 58How to play

r Ptay in groups of 3-5.Make a set of f i f teen quest ion cards for thegame using the topics or grammar from thisunit .

Haw uld you feel about doing

be in dangerT

uld you bet a large amount of

Each player puts a counter on the Start .When i t 's your turn, take a quest ion cardand answer the quest ion. l f you manageto answer we[[ and keep speaking for atleast one minute, throw the dice and moveforward. l f not, leave your counter in thesame place and don't move. After youthrow the dice and move, i f you [and on aladder, go up i t and i f you [and on a rope,go down i t .

The winner is the player who reaches theFinish first.

Co unication I I Ex. z, page rz8z Explanation

The water in the river only came up to theman's chest

Lesson 23 | Ex. 11, page zB

Internet and computer expert wanted.Can you help this busy Internet caf6?

Are you good with computers?Do you know about the latest developments in Internet technology?

Can you communicate well with all kinds of customers?

lf you are the right person for us, we will offer youa good salary and free use of all facilities.

Write to: Jenny Keaton, PepeNet Caf6,2 Alexandra Cardens, Brighton, BNI gBC

.;

for social qctivitiesOur English language school is looking for an enthusiastic person to

help organise our busy social activities programme'

You don't need experience but you do need to be energetic andsociable. You also need to have a good level of English.

The job is part-time with hours to suit you' Good rates of pay to be

negotiated. We also offer a discount on our English courses to thesuccessful candidate.

Write to: The Secreiary, Oakwood School of English,16 Bridge Street, Manchester, M60 7TP

Pubtished in 1839, Nicholas Nickleby was Charles Dickens'third novel. lt was firstmade into a f i lm in 947 and there have been various other versions since then. Likemany of Dickens'novels, Nicholos Nickleby shows his outrage at cruelty and socialinjustice, but i t also reveals his extraordinary talent for comic writ ing.

Following the death of his father, Nicholas Nickleby and his mother and sister, aretaken into the care of his uncle Ralph who is r ich but very mean and cruel. The f i lmdescribes what happens to Nicholas and his family as they struggle to survive.

Lool< at the pictures and read the informationabove. Then answer the questions.

Have you read any books by Chartes Dickens?lf so. te[ [ other students about them.Who do you think the characters are in thepictures? What do you think the connect ion isbetween them?

Watch the f i lm extract and answer the quest ions.

r What news is in the let ter that Uncle Ralphreceives?

z Who does Uncle Ratph go to see?

3 What advice does Uncle Ralph give to MrsN ickteby?

4 What did Mrs Nickteby hope for?

5 What does Ralph want Kate to do?6 What job does Ratph propose for Nicholas?

7 What does Ralph say he wit t do i f Nicholas getsthe posit ion?

Worl< in pairs. Discuss what you thinl< happensnext in the f i lm. Tel l another oair of studentsyour ideas.

Discuss.r Which of the words/phrases in the box betow do you

associate with the fol lowing jobs, and why?o a mode l. a photographero a fashion designer

creative glamorous hard worl< highly-paidlonely pressurised pr iv i leged self-discipl inedself-motivated

z Do you think you might enjoy doing any of these jobs?Why/Why not?

: Lindsay Pressdee (the fashion designer in thebottom photo) has been running her own businesssince 1995. Watch the f i lm extract and put the thingsshe mentions in the correct order.

do a degree in fashionset up business on her owncarry a notebool< aroundhave lots of Saturday jobs

show her designs at a trade showhave a glamorous tifestyleearn less money than her fr iendsdeal direct ly with large department storesmake clothes for her Cindy dotts

' . Which th ing does she NOT ment ion?

Discuss.What is your impression of how Lindsay feels aboutbeing a fashion designer?Lindsay says: ' l feeI very pr iv i leged that I get to dowhat I want with my l i fe. 'What does she mean? Haveyou ever fet t t ike that about your job or somethingyou've done? Give examples.Do you or does anyone you know have a 'd reamcareer '? What is i t and what is so good about i t?ln wh ich o ther jobs do you th ink i t m igh t be anadvantage to be young?

ITtrTrTTTT

The Seventh Voyage of Sinbod wasmade in 1958, and tel ls the story ofthe legendary sai tor, Sinbad. To savea pr incess from an evi l wizard, Sinbadmust fight several fabulous monsters,created by special effects expert RayHarryhausen. The fitm is regardedas Harryhausen's greatest work anddespite the age of the f i lm, the specialeffects are stitl spectacular.

Ben-Hurwas made in ry59 and was the firstfilm ever to win eleven Oscars. lt is basedon a bibl ical story and stars Charl ton Hestonas the Prince of ludea. He is enslaved by aRoman fr iend, but then returns years laterto seek revenge. The climax is a chariot racewhich is one of the most thr i l l ing scenes infilm history.

The Lord of the Rings trilogy (zoor-zoo3)is based on the books of J.R.R.Totkien anddirected by Peter Jackson. An ancient r ing,which had been [ost, is found. l t ends up inthe possession of the Hobbit , Frodo, whothen must go on a dangerous journey todestroy the r ing. These are epic f i lms withincredible speciaI ef fects that hugely deservetheir numerous Oscars.

Lool< at the f i lm posters and read theinformation about them. Then, discuss thesequest ions with other students.

r Have you seen any of these f i tms? l f so, whatd id you th ink o f them?

z A[[ three f i lms are adventure f i lms. Can youthink of any other adventure f i lms? General ty,do you t ike this kind of f i tm? Why/Why not?

3 Do you have any favourite types of fitm? Whatare they? Give examples.

Look at the t ist of people, scenes and quotesfrom The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad and Ben-Hur.Work in pairs. Which film do you think eachone comes from?

r ' K i l t ! K i t t h i m ! 'z ' . . . a shout of f reedom... '

3 horses and chariots

+ a beaut i fuI woman calted Esther

s the dance o f the 'Cobra-woman '6 a f i re-breathing dragon

7 thunder and t igh tn ing

8 men si t t ing on a raft in the sea

9 men f ight ing on the deck of a shipro slaves walking across a mountain

Watch the f i lm trai lers and check your answers.

D iscuss .

r Which of the two f i lms appeals to you most?whv?

z Do you general ly prefer otd or new f i tms? Why?

3 Do you prefer to watch f i lms at the cinema oron TV/DVD? Why?

4 What is the best f i tm you've seen recent ly?Why do you l ike i t?

s What is your favouri te f i lm of al l t ime? Why dovou l ike i t so much?

;3

J3.*

,tr,r'o,r'u{ffi,n *orto

\A/ILLI,{,\,T WYITRS

IeQ

Match each photo to one of the paragraphs r-4 below.r America's most famous f lyer grew up in an environnrent of

wealth and pr iv i tege, thanks to her grandfather, Atfred Otis.Amel ia, known as Mit ty, was ten years old when she saw herf i rst airplane at the lowa State Fair , and said of i t :' l t was a thing of rusty wire and wood and not at al linterest ing . . . '

z El len's passionate retat ionship with sai l ing began when shewas eight and stepped aboard her aunt 's boat to go sai t ingon the East Coast. For a smal l chi ld growing up in [and-lockedDerbyshire, i t was an exci t ing new experience - and i t wouldturn into a l i fe long obsession. Over the next few years, Et lensaved as much money as she coutd to buy her f i rst boat, a2.5-metre dinghy.

3 He was born in t9t9 and grew up in Auckland, New Zealand.I t was here that he became interested in mountain ct imbing.Atthough he made his t iv ing as a beekeeper, he ct imbedmounta ins in New Zea land, then in the A lps , and f ina l ty inthe Himalayas, where he cl imbed eleven di f ferent peaks ofover 6ooo metres. By this t ime, he was readv to confront theworld 's highest mountain.

4 Born on August 5, t93o on his grandparents' farm in Ohio, hewas the eldest of three chi ldren. He fel l in love with airolanesat the age of s ix when he took his f i rst f l ight. He worked atnumerous jobs around town and at the nearby airport so hecoutd start taking f ly ing lessons at the age of f i f teen and onhis sixteenth bir thday he was issued a pi lot 's [ icence.

Lool< at the photos again and discuss these quest ions withother students.

r Who are the people?

z What made them famous?

3 In approximately which year did each person do the thingthat made them most famous?

Watch the f i lm extract about El len MacArthur. What is thesignif icance of the foI lowing:

1 seventy two daysz Kingf isher

I the Southern Ocean

4 6ooo calor ies and twenty vi tamin pi l ts

5 f i f teen minutes

Discuss.

r What do you think dr ives Elten to break these sait ingrecords?

z l f you were going on a long solo sai t ing tr ip and you couldtake one speciaI book, one special CD and one special thingto eat - what would thev be?

Who Framed Roger Rabbit

Toy Story

Look at the pictures and discuss thequest ions.

r Have you seen any of the f i tms? l f so, whatdo you know about them?

z Do you know any other comPuter-animated f i lms? Do vou l ike this kind off i lm in general?

Watch the extract from Home Road Movieand complete the sentences below.

r Dad was an expert on - .z Dad bought a car because -.

3 Their hot iday dest inat ions by car were - .

4 Dad drove the car at - mPh.

s When Dad forgot to change gear, thechi ldren used to - .

6 After Dad retired, he would spend a lot oft ime

7 The chi ldren lef t home to - or - .

I Dad's last iourney was on - .

Summarise what Home Road Movie isabout in one sentence. Then, compare your

sentence to other students' sentences.

Tel l other students about your famitysummer hol idays when you were a chi td.Were they the same every year or werethey different?

a:3

Michael Palin started his career in TV as part of the team behind the comedyseries Monty Python. various other comedy programmes and films fottowedincluding the film, A Fish called wando. More recentty he has become well-knownfor his BBC travel programmes. These include Around the world in go doys, poleto Pole, saharo and Himalaya. In this latest project, he travels the fu[ lengthof the Himalaya from the Pakistan-Afghan frontier through India, Nepal, Tibetand Yunnan to china, before re-crossing the mountains to Assam, Bhutan andBangladesh. The whole journey took six months of hard travell ing and he evenmet the Dalai Lama in Tibet who recognised him from his Monty python daysr.

t>

Look at the photos and read the information above.r Are you interested in watching travel programmes on TV?

Why/Why not?z Are you surpr ised tha t Michae lPa l in became a t rave lshow

oresenter?

3 What do you think makes a good travel show presenter?

How much do you know about Bhutan? In pairs choose thecorrect al ternat ives to complete the sentences.r Bhutan is si tuated between:

A Ch ina and Ind ia B Ch ina and Russ iaz Most Bhutanese people wear:

A western clothes B Bhutan nat ional costume

3 The popu la t ion o f Bhutan is about :A one mit l ion B f ive mi l l ion

4 Nat ionaI Park covers about:A 25o/o of the country B 45ok of the country

5 The King of Bhutan says the most important thing is:A Gross Nat ional Product B 'Gross Nat ional Happiness'

6 Bhutan has many areas and bui ldings devoted to:A H indu ism B Buddh ism

7 Tourists in Bhutan have to pay a minimum of:n $75 a day B gzoo a oay

8 The main l ink between the east and the west is:A a road B a river

9 The main inf luence on Bhutan's cl imate and cutture is:A the r ivers and sea B the mountains

Watch the f i lm extract and check your answers.

Discuss.r Did you enjoy watching this extract? Why/Why not? Does i t

make you want to watch more of this ser ies?z Do you think Michaet Pal in is a good travelshow presenter?

Why/Why not?

I Would you l ike to be invotved in making travel programmes [ iketh is one?

4 l f you had the chance to travelfor s ix months as part of a travelprogramme l ike this, where would you go and why?

{$

A Fish Catted Wanda

;Jii;*':

The Vikings l ived over one thousand years ago and came from Denmark, Norway andSweden. They were mostly farmers, but some worked as craftsmen or traders. TheVil<ing Age - or Dark Ages as they were known - began in Britain about rzoo yearsago in the Sth century Ro and lasted for 3oo years. At the t ime of the invasions,Britain was mostly inhabited by the Anglo-Saxons who were terrified of these fiercepeople.

There are people in Britain today (and in Europe and the US) who are fascinald bythe Vikings and their whole way of l i fe. Many of these people are members of'Re-enactment Societies' and they spend their spare t ime l iving exactly as theVikings did. They go to great lengths to be as accurate as they can about everydetai l including clothes, food and batt les. Although some people may regard thistype of hobby as excessive, for the 'Re-enactors' it is a fantastic way of spendingtheir free t ime.

€3

<5€.}

Lool< at the pictures and discuss these quest ions withother students.

r What you know about the Vikings?z What do you think a 'Re-enactment Society ' is?

Read the information above and answer these quest ions.

r What did you learn about the Vikings that you didn' t know before?z What do you think people enjoy about being part of a

' Re-enactment Society '?

Watch the f i lm extract and answer the quest ions .

r Which of the reasons below for doing this hobby are mentioned?

it's fun to dress up it brings history to life it 's very friendlyit's a way of mal<ing money it's good exercise

z Do the re-enactors try to hurt each other when they are f ight ing?Why/Why not?

3 What are the two main reasons for creat ing the Viking vi l lage?

4 One man says that he knows some peopte who'. . . seem to take i ta bi t far. 'What example does he give?

5 Where do the re-enactors get the costumes from?6 What does the blacksmith say about the tools he makes?

7 What jobs does the f i lm mention that some of these peopte do intheir ' real [ ives'?

Discuss.

r Do you think that being a member of one of these societ ies is'excessive'? Why/Why not?

z Many other 'Re-enactment Societ ies'exist for di f ferent per iodsin history (e.g. Wortd War l , The American Civi lWar, The RomanInvasion of Br i tain). l f you were going to ioin (or start up) a'Re-enactment Society ' , which one would i t be? Why?

4

! Which of the jobs in the box below are represented in the photos?

a mil l iner a web consultant a quant i ty surveyor a card mal<er street performersan Indian takeaway owner an Internet entrepreneur

Discuss.

r What are the biggest chal lenges of start ing up your own business?z l f you had the chance to start up your own business, what woutd i t be? Why?

Watch the f i lm and number the fol lowing quotes in the order you hear them.I did some marl<et research on i t .l 've an annual turnover of f7o,ooo. -Always believe in yourself.

l 'm very passionate about my work. -Last year I decided to set up my own business. IWe've been very Iucky and very successfu[. IWe've been going for two and a half years now. I

Having watched the f i tm, can you remember the seven secrets of success? comptete thesentences below using the words in the box.

boss give hetp idea customer partner passionate

r Stay _z Get some

3 Be your own _4 Have a good _

5 Choose your _6 Know your _7 Don ' t _ up

Disc uss.

r Which three t ips above do you thinl< are the most important?z Can you add one o ther?

3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of working for yourself rather than workingfor someone else? Which would you rather do? Why?

The Lavender Hit t Mob

The St ing

Lool< at the pictures. Have you seen any ofthese f i lms? Which we[[- l<nown actors are inthem? What i s the connect ion be tween themat t?

Watch the film extract from The Lavender HillMob and decide i f the fol lowing statementsare true (T) or fatse (F).

r There are 2tr bars of gold in the van.z Mr Hol land says he is going to Paris on

hot iday.

3 Mr Ho l land s tops the van because he sayshe is worr ied about another car.The man on the bicycle tet ls the van dr ivertha t one o f h is t igh ts i s b roken.The pavement a r t i s t jumps in the van andpushes the van dr iver out.The robbery takes place near QueenEtizabeth Street.

7 Mr Ho l tand is par t o f the c r im ina lgang.

lmag ine you are Mr Ho l land. Te l l anotherstudent the whole story from your pointof view.

D iscuss .

r Do you know of any famous robberies?z What happened?

3 Why are they famous?

4 Were those responsible ever caught?

Yes, Prime Minister and Spitting lmoge are two of Britain's most well-known politicalsat i r icatTV series. In di f ferent ways they both make fun of key pol i t icatcharacters andthe pol i t icaI system.ln Yes, Prime Minister, Jim Hacker (new elected Prime Minister) attempts to makevarious bold changes but these general ly come to nothing, thanks to the manoeuvringof his manipulat ive cabinet secretary, s ir Humphrey, who opposes act ion or change ofany sort .ln Spitting lmoge, famous characters in British and internationat tife were re-createdin the form of latex puppets, which - in the manner of newspaper pot i t ical cartoons- grossly exaggerated that person's most obvious facial or personality characteristic.

t ail

ill lt ll 7l i

Lool< at the pictures and read the information above. Then, discuss thesequestions with other students.r Do you have any poli t icat satir icalrV programmes in your country? Do you f ind

them funny? Why/Why not?z Do you think programmes [ ike this are a good thing? Why/Why not?

watch the extract from Yes, Prime Minisfer. what does the TV producer, Godfrey,say about the fol lowing:

glasses face suit

Discuss with other students.r What advice would you give to a poli t ician who was making a potit ical broadcast?z Have you seen any TV debates between poli t icians? who did wett? who didn't? whv?

"o',e Aeyes nose

Lesson 6.1 | Ex.t3, page 78

1 Read the emai l . Which of thefol lowing best summarisesMaisie 's experience?

r She's about to f in ish aninterest ing course.

z She's nearly at the end of anexciting hotiday.

She's coming to the end ofher time at university.She's about to leave a jobshe's been doing for a longt ime.

From: Maisie Ryland

Date : 07 .12 .05 19 :34

To: lei la@hotmai l .co.uk

Subject: elephant orphanage

Attach: elephantZ.JPG (285 KB)

Hi Leila

Wow! Where do I start? Did I tell you aboutthis amazing project I'm doing before I go touniversity? I've been on holiday in Sri Lanka forthree months working in an elephant orphanage!It's the first time I've been anywhere like this- and although I was a bit daunted at first, now Ilove it!

We don't work all the time - there's plenty oftime to have a real holiday too. lt 's been greatto exoerience a different culture and to see theplaces l've only read about in books. The bestbit is meeting so many friendly people and it'sfascinating being so close to the elephants. I'mattaching a photo of me washing one of thebabies!

I've only got ten more days to go. I'm lookingforward to seeing you all, but I don't want toleave this place.

See you soon!

Lots of love,

Maisie

Use aninformalgreeting withor withoutthe person'sname

Use informaltanguage,inc lud ingcontractions(e.g. l 've),informalwords andexclamationMATKS

Name, date and emai l address are included at the top,so don't wri te them in the main part of the emai l

iting skill I punctuation

2 a Look at the emai l again andfind examples of the following:

r an exclamation markz a quest ion mark

3 an apostrophe

+ a dash

5 a full-stop

6 a comma

b Match the punctuat ion(r-6) above with the correctexplanations (A-F) betow.

A Used to show the end of asentence

B Used at the end of a sentence,to show i t is a ouest ion

C Used at the end of asentence, often to showexcitement, surpr ise or otherstrong emotions

D Used in wri t ing to showpauses in speech especial ly inlists, between adjectives andaround clauses

E Used to show missing lettersin contract ions and with theDossessive's '

F Used in informal wri t ing, toadd an extra thought or ideato a sentence

Useful phrases

Opening phrases I ui teilo/uello Leilo/Hi/Hello/Dear Leila

Giving news i f,:,{*:,,}{:,T#:f,t;;l

Attaching photos i ;n::::'ri;;tlll"if,][ ;,...

crosing phrases, fiif!:!#,::;';'i'l""1{n!?i

;;'''"r

Lesson 7.2 | Ex. tz, page 95

Read the letter and answer thequestions.

r What are the three problemsthe customer is complainingabout?

z What does she want?

Use Dear Sir/Modam if you don'tknow the name ofthe person youare writing to. Use Deor Mr/MrsSmith if you know the name. Puta comma (,) af ter the name, not acoton (J

Use Yours faithfullyif youdon't know the name of theperson you are wri t ing to.Use Yours sincerely if youknow the name.

55, Chestnut AvenueBristol, BSB lJH

15th February 2006Customer servicesFilm Express214, Nightingale LaneLondon, WC1 2A{

Dear Sir,/Madam

I am writing to complain about hvo DVDs I bought recently from your company on theInternet and about how I was treated by a member of staff when I phoned to complain.

Firstly, I ordered them on 6thJanuary and I was promised they would arrive in threedays but they weren't sent to me for over h.vo weeks. Then, when they arrived and Iopened the box, I was shocked to see that one of them was broken. as thev clearlvhadn't been packaged properly

Secondly, when I phoned to complain, I was very disappointed by the way in which Iwas treated. The member of staJl who I spoke to was extremely rude and did not offerme any form of refund or replacement.

I would be grateful if you could send me a replacement DVD (Kill Biil !) as soon aspossible, or if this is not possible, I would like a fu]l refund of my money. Thank vou foryour help with this matter.

Yours faithfully

Dmma Jopres

Include any relevant referencenumbers and emaiI addressesat the end ofthe let ter

DianaJones - customer number: FE342BB90/3

email: jonesd@hotmail.co.uk

:::r:al::t:r.l,::iiiir::i:tia:tr:,r,4.::::1:,arr:::::::.:.:i:,,::::.i::::r:tii:iit,::::::::it.iai::r::

i t ing skil l I formaland informal language

2 Look at the let ter again. ls the tanguageused formalor informal? Give two examplesfrom the letter.

3 Mark the sentences formal (F) or informat ( l ) .

r l t would be great to hear from you soon.z I would be grateful if a futt refund could

be sent as soon as possible.

3 | took forward to hearing from youat your earl iest convenience.

4 Love, Jenny5 I 'm wri t ing to tel l you about something I

bought recently.6 Dear Ms. Harr ison,

7 | am writing with reference to the service Ireceived at your restaurant last week.

8 DearAnna,

9 You know how I feel about al l th is. don' tyou?

ro Yours sincerely, Jul io Manzanaresu I am sure that you wi l l understand why I

feel so annoyed about this si tuat ion.rz Could you give me the money back please?

Write the date here.

Useful phrasesFirst lines I om writing with reference to ...

I am witing to comploin about ...I am writing in order to ...

Ways of complaining I wos promised that ... but ...I wos shocked to see/find that ...I was very disappointed by ...The goods clearly hadn't beenpackaged properly and weredamaged.The service I received was not ofthe stondord I would expect fromyour company.

Last lines I would be groteful if youcould send me a full refund/oreplacement os soon os possible.I would like a full refund/areplacement.I look forward to hearing from youat your earliest convenience.Thanks you for your help with thismotter.Thank you in odvance.

Report ingresults

r there (1.3)

z they (1.7)

r this ( t .g)

Re po rts

Lesson 8.3 | Ex. rz, page 112

1 Read the report. Which of the topicsin Ex. ro, page 112 is i t about?

riting Skill I parasraphs

2 What is the purpose of eachparagraph in the report? Canyou give them a short heading?

Useful ptrrases

f ntroduction i This report givesi the results of .../is._ intended to ...

" Approximotely 7o% of" oll those who took part' in the survey ...

Conclusion i From this survey it isi cleor thar ...

ru: L!:t:sai!:aiflirlislrri:4i6i51e1 .ltryi+gljliiF

Articles

Lesson 9.3 | Ex. 12, page 126

1 Find f ive di f ferent oieces ofinformation between the art icte andthe interview in Ex. 9, page n6.

iting Skill I referencing words

2 ea Find these undertined words inthe text and say what they refer to.

Divide your report intoappropriate paragraphs.

'. The first few years in school are possibly the mostI signif icant for any chi ld. Consequently, the quali ty and

I att i tudes of their teacher are of extreme imoortance.

: This report gives the results of an informal survey into, the necessary qual i t ies ofteachers ofyoung chi ldren.

Approximately 70o/o of al l those who took part in thesurvey said that they thought the most importantthing was that these teachers should care about thechi ldren.607o also referred to the need for classes to bevaried and interesting in order to keep the chi ldrens'interest.20%o mentioned the importance of goodd isc io l ine .

From this small survey i t is clear that there is strongfeel ing that primary school teachers need to becareful ly selected for their caring att i tudes andcreative teachin g a bi l i ty.

Think of an interest ing t i t te.

The American 'Sher lock Holmes'

Deep rn the heart of the United States of America, far from Baker Street inLondon, lives a man called'Sherlock Holmes'. In May of this year, ltracked :him down there and had the chance to ask him a few questions that l 'dbeen wondering about. Give some background or context to the t i t te.

It turns out that Holmes's parents - (he prefers to be called 'Sherlock' by hisfriends and family) - were greai lovers of the work of Conan Doyle. He hasmemoriesfromhisear| iestchi |dhoodofhowtheyusedtoreadthestor iesto him. And apparently, they always knew that if they were going to have aboy, they would give him this name. They wanted him to feel special.

Use informal language.

Early on Holmes used to get quite angry about people's reactions to hisname but he says he's more relaxed about !! now. There was a time in SanFrancisco when a shop assistant looked at his l.D. card and thought hemust be the real, original Sherlock Holmes. She looked like she'd seen aghost. Give examples of the points you make to interest your reader.

Oddly enough, Holmes says that people look to him sometimes to solveproblems or mysteries, Luckily, he's done some magic himself, so heunderstands how some of the tricks on TV are done. On one occasionthe police called him to help them out with a case they couldn't solve.Fortunately, he was able to find some clues on a computer which helped towork out what had happened to ihe missing person.

Meeting the American 'Sherlock Holmes' was quite an experience, I'm notsure that I would want to be named after such a famous person but fromwhat I saw he has coped with it extremely well. As far as I'm concerned,parents need to think long and hard about the consequences of the namesthey give their children for their future lives!

Express your opinion.

Use formalranguage

State facts.Don't givepersonaIop in ionsunt i l theconc lus ion .

ii1 'i4i"!r

iirrii+"1

il{ii

Eitli:)ll,l{::liii

+ it (t.tt)

s she (t.rt)6 them (t.r8)

' * How can using referencing words

lil<e those above imorove a text?

-..',.,..=:::ill*rid1ir lif#,#ffi.:, ffi ffi .ili#ffi PiiHSi*,

. Useful phrases .ft

lnterest your ". Oddly enough ... +reader I To my surprise ... +'" Unbelievablv ... i:

Unit 1 Recording 1K=Keith T=Tiha S=SaraK: Oh hiAl ison.lust Keith abouttonight. Umm... you know thatjackie and Steve weTe comingaloigtoo... wel lapparently they can't make i tnow .. . something about Steve's Dad not beingwelL or something... Anway, just wondering i iyou st i l luranted to go to the f i lm or we coulddo sorerhing e 9e. . real ly dor' t ni ld. DerhaD5give ne a r ing? Begt to get me on my nooile acI 'm out and aboutformost ofthe day. Al lr ight.. . Talk soon .. . Bye.T: This is a message for a l \41lames Stevensorfrom the Custorner Servjces department ofHSBC. We need to corf irm a large paymentfiom his credit card before we can go aheadand make the appropriate authorization. Coutdhe please cal lTina Jenkins on (o1303) 813 843as soon as possible? Thank you.S: 0h hel lo . . . umm ... message for Brian larvis.. . . I 'm just r ingirg in response to the ad. in lastweek's HackneyAdveft iser. I understard thatyou have a 4-yearold VW Golfforsale and... umm ... lwould deflnitely be interested incoming round to see i t . . i f that was ok. Perhapsyo! could give me a cal lsometime .. . The bestnumber ior me during the day is ae73 443750, That 's my work number... and you justhave to ask for Sarah Shial i . Hope thatS ok.Thank yo!.

Unit 1 Recording 2

F: So, would you saythatyou have anyone whois a particu la rly close fflend at the moment?H: Hrnmm .,. that 's a tr icky one. J don' i think so... real ly. lsuppose i t 's more l ike I have a Fewpeople that I get on real ly wellwith and havelots - comnon with . . . Brt you have a kind o'best fr iend', don't you?F: Well, yes, Argelina ... deflnitely . I raearwe were best Ft iends at school,. , and i t 's neve.real ly changed.H: 50, what makes her so special for you .. . youknow.., dif ferent to anyone else?F : l suppose i t s pa r t l y t ha t l can t e l l he ranything .. . however awful . . . but then also thatItel l her pret iy much everythingihat 's goingon with me. I mean, we text each other all thetime!H: Yeah .. . I think that s what's a bit dif ferent[or me. I mean, you know my closest friends,iamie, Paula .. . probabLy Alex... but they?e al lvery di l ferent and I usual ly talk to them aboutdif ierent things.F: Whatdo you mean?H: Well . . . larnie's known me for ever.. . and heknows my parents and my whole Family . . . sowhenever things are going on there, he,s thepersor I go ro ,, . but then Pau.a a-d I have on _real ly got close in the last couple ofyears... butwe've both been through some quite di j fcultrelat ionship bits and pieces and talked a lotabout that , . . so.F:.. . that 'swho you talkto about al lyour love

F: But, hang on, that 's not how it 's always beenfor you, is i t? | mean you had a best fr iend atschool, didn't you?H: Yeah, I did have a best f i iend at school . . .Nigel . . . but we kind of lost touch when weboth left schooland weft off to col lege.F: And you hardly ever see him now, do you?H: No, thafs _ighr. A-d s rce t l 'e_ i t s bas .al ,been l ike this.. . a few close fuierds...F: , . , but not the same ones always ., .H: No .. . people have come and gore forvarious reasons .. . but thatb ok... you dri f tapart. . . Thafs just the way l i fe is, isn't i t? |rnear, you can't keep in toLrch wiih everybody,can you?F:5o, do you reckon your fr iends are asimpoftant to you as your family?H: Hmm, that 's a hard one .. .

Unit 1 Recording 4

1 She's gett ingverytal l , isf ' t she?2 They don't seem to l ike their present, do

lhey?3 You haven't been waiting long, have you?4 We can't leave the party early, can we?5 Letl go and see a f i l rn, shal lwe?6 Do sit down, won't you?

7 Nothing seems to be going r ight, does i t?8 I'm being a bit silly, aren't l?

Unit 1 Recording 5

P: Beirg in a large family usually meanslearning to iuggle several tasks at once- makjng dinn€r while helpirg chi ldren withhomework, bandaging a knee, keepirg an eyeon ihe games o!tside, and lendlng a caringear.However, in addit ion to normalfamily l i fe, theBoehmers juggle clubs, r ings, torches, bal ls,and anythirg else they can get their handson. l t al lstafted 22 years ago when LarryBoehmer's job as a pipel i ie worker took himaway from his wife, ludy, and his 4 chi ldren,and he had a lot ofsparetime on his hands.Adam was in the f irst grade,ludy says. Hecanle home and 5aid th€re was a circus atschool. Adam wanted to know what his dadcould do.This was alLthe motivation Larry needed andhe decided to occupy his evenings in his motelroom corstruct ively, by learningto juggle. Andhere is a man who, orce he puts his mind tosomething.. he usually f inishes i t . Then, athome, wher his chi ldren saw him practising,they wanted to join in. Larry is a big Family manso he was only too happyaboutthat.Larry and three ofthe chi ldren gave their f i rstfamily pedormance at an amusement park in1989. From there i t al lwent From strength tostrength. And today they are th€ largest familyofjugglers in the world. At the noment theyhave 4 boys and 7 gir ls butihey?e hopingformore,As iudy puts i t : we didn't p[an on this al lhappening. Wher the kids saw each other,they picked up on dif ferent things. 0ne woulddo r ings, another would do clubs, acrobaticsorthe unicycle, Beforewe knewit, we hadeverybody doing something.Larry insists the chi ldren's talents aren'tinherited; i t 's simply a matterofpractice and

persistence. l t l not i i the genes. this is a ski l lthat basical ly anybody car do. lMost peoplewho try to learn juggl jng give up too soon, butalnost anvbody can lea- , _arry says, fveryo-ehds a coec al irv bui they al l have to pracLise ..a lot l In the end though, doing the shows is tnefun part. They al l love i t . We?e al lvery excitedbecause we've just been asked to periom atthe Vatican in Rome .. . a 13 of usl We plan togo in Apri l .

Unit 1 Recording 6M=Man W=WomanlM: So, do you l f :nk i ! makes any dif ierence .. .where you're born in the family?W: Deflnitely, l thinkthe f irst born chi ldrenalways have a harder t ime than the others.Parents have lots more rules th€n ., . andexpect so much more ., .M: l total ly disagree. In my family, and jnothers I knou the parents were really carefutto treat al l ihe kids the same. You can't be avery good parent iFyou tr€at al l the chj ldrend ifie re n tly.W: No, that 's not true at al l . You can be anexcellent parent but once yo!'ve beef throughthe experienc€ of having one .. . wel l , thingschange .. . you wil lbe dif ferent.. . approachthings differently.M: Thats probably true... so, maybe pareftsget better and better . . . the more chi ldren theyhave?W: thinkthere's some truth lnthat.. . wel lihatb certainly what my old€st sister saysl

Unit 1 Recording I

DiaLogue 1M=Man W=WomanM: Hi, i t 's me. Look, I 'm real ly sofiy but I hadthis meeting and we ran over. [{y boss wert onand on , , . anyway , I 'm ou to f i t nowand lwon ' rbe long I promiseW: How much longer do you think?lvl: Halfan hour max... lpromise. lknow wesald I o'clock but real ly there was nothing Icouto 00 ,, ,

Dialogue 2W: So . . . hows i t a l l go ing?l l l : Fine, f ine .. . wete al l having a real ly goodttme.W: But suppose you haven't been able to gejout much,M: Well , no, true .. . but i t 's a lovely old houseand there are Lots ofgames and ihings to doinside .. . and the kids love exploring up in theatt ic and so on so that 's been okW: Thev sav i t shoJld r.aar up a bi l in rhe lertfew days.M: Yes, I hope so .. . we real ly want to dosome walks .. , the countryside around here issupposed to be amazing.

Dialogue 3W: So, what do you fancy doirg?i!l: Well, I n€ed to finish off this essay before Icome out.W: Ok, but then?M: I don't know... Do you fancy gett ingsomething to eat or,, ,?W: Well , there are a couple oif i lms lwouldn'tm ind see ing . . .M: On around here?Wi Yeah .. . Would you be up for that?

life stufflH: Exactly.. .F: . . . and Alex .. .H: Yes,.. . Alex... wel l , lsuppose she's morelike my careers adviseT really. Whenever, Ihave to make sensible decisions about work... or practical things .. . she always has good5Uggestions.

Tapescripts

Mr Perhaps, r t depends which ones because . .

Dia logue 4Mr So, we've now rearranged to meet up onifiday.Wr Ok. . and what exact ly wentwrorgtoday.M: We1l , thought we had i t a l l anangedbut apparent ly he was expect ng an ema Ic o n f l r r n a t i o n , ,W: So, you didn' t send h m oneM: Wel l , no, I mean you see, as far as I was

Dialogue 5L, l : Hi . . lenny?W: Yep . . . oh hl , Mick. Where are you? You?every later/11: Ah yes, wel l . . d id set of fqui te lateand 've had one or two . . shal lwe sayinterest ing divers ons along the wayW: Are you alright?M: Yeah, yeah . F lne now . . . you did say you

were in Stanhope Road, d idn' t you?

W: No . . not Stanhope Road . StanhopeStre€t , Where exactLy are you?

M: I ' rn noi ent i re ly sure but I 'm in very busyshopping str€et th ink 'm near Wi l lesden.W: Wi l lesden? But that 's mi les away . whatare you doing ihere?

Unit 1 Recording 11M=Morgan F=Fr iendM: So, have you come across, Genes Reunrtedon the web?F: cen€s what?M: You know, I (e Fr €nds Reuni ted only th isis a websi te where you can t ryand f ind oldreLat ives and bui ld a fam Ly t re€.F: 0h reaLLy . . . 've a l [ ,ays thought I 'd l ike toknow a bi t more about rny fami ly in the past

M: WeLl , th is is just the th ing. h 's great . I 'vestaf ted put t ing together my own fami ly t ree.F: So, how far back do you know?M: WeLl , I 'm pret ty conndent about as Far backas r .y gr€at-grandparents, Cicely and John.F: You didn' t actuaLly know them, did you?

l l l : No, unfor tunately, th€y d €d in th€ 197os.By al I accounts they were an arnazing couple,devoted to each other , , and of course they'dbeen through two World Wars.F: Yes . . that generat ion went through sucha lot . . Do you know when they $ 'ere actual lyborn?F: Funni ly enough I do . becaus€ 'ny greatgrandfather, John, was born r ight on theturn of the century in 19oo.. and my great-grandmother, CiceLy just a year before that rn1899F: Wo\ry . . So did they have chi ldfen.M: Yep, they had two chi ldr€n Laura and Ben,b o t h a r o u r d 1 9 j o l t h l n k

F: So, Laura 's your grandmother, sn ' t she? 've

heard you ia lk aboui her, haven' t l?M: Yes, that 's r ight . go and v is i t her aboutonce a rnonth . up in Leeds,F: Ls her husband st l la l ive?M: lu l ian? No, he died a couple ofy€ars ago.So, sh€'s on her own nowF: So, obv ously Laura is yourM: . . my r .um's mother taura and ju l ian had

3 k ids: my mum Al ison and my aunts Sue andDeborah.F: Gosh,3 gl r ls l

l : Yep . but a l lvery d i l ierent in characterr

F: Real ly?lM: 0h yes . . . have I never to ld you about Aunt

Sue?F: don' t th ink so.MrWel lsh€ was s . . an anthropologist , ak ind ofadv€nturer realLy She's spert most ofher l i fe in and around Borneo, studying thecut ture, re l ig lon and so on- She's qui t€ anexpeft appar€ntLy,F: And wasn' t there some story about yourgrandmotheis broth€r. you know, Ben?Mr 0h yes. Wel l , that 's a l la b i i myster ious.No one w l l ta lk about h im. Apparent ly , he

iLrst went of f n h is ear ly 2os and no-ore everheard f rom h m again. I 'm sure something bighappened bui I 've never been able to f ind outexactLy what.F: Weird ll l l : So, then rny mum and dad had just me . . .F: Great belng an only chiLd isn ' t i t li l l : Somet imesF: And you've gol some cousins, haven' t you,

Mi Yes, my aunt Deborah had a son and adaughter, Leon and EstheL Esther 's a year orso older than me , , , and 'm a few years olderthan Leon. We actual ly a l l got on real ly wel l . Iused to see them qui te a lot as a k id becauseDeborah and her husband spl t up when thekids wer€ qui te sma[. . afd th€y us€d to comeround to us n the hol idays a lot

l \4: W€l l Esther met a doctor in New Zealandw ' l " : h - w a s r d \ e l l g J r o u - d - h - y F . - o f f

. . and Leon d v des his t ime between be ng adiv ing instrucior in the summers mainly aroundEgypt and Turkey and a skr ng lnstructor inIn€ wtnrers,F: Hard l i fe lM : Y € a h , l k n o w . .

Unit 2 Recording 1

1 Recent ly, I 've real ised that invest igat ing ardwri t ing about important iss!es is $rhatreal ly hrant to do, so I 'm now consider ing achange of career. 'd l ike to get a job wi th an"wspape. o. pe- l -dp5 a .pF, ia , . ragazi-e.

2 You could cal l my Job a labour of love

suppose. don' t get paid much and Lt 's very

hard work but real ly love working wi th

ch ldren and real ly wouldn' t want to doanythi ig e lse.

3 There's a pretty strict career path for myfeld ofwork. Af ter the bas c f lve year

tra in ing, you have to work in var iousd f ferent hospi ta ldepaftments to bui ld upexper ience. That 's what I 'm doing now buteventual ly I 'd l ike to specia l ise ln heaf t

4 I 've f in ished my t ra in ing now and I 'm going

to take a year out before I apply lor a iob.Wnar wanr io do i5 wo- l in h. f le ld o l roadbui ld ing and town planning but l 'd l ike tof .dve. belore gF.9 u ' L in o hp wl"ole vror l ,

r n r n g

5 What I real ly l ike about rny job is being abteto help people. I rnean I get a great d€alofjob sat is fact jon f iom knowing that I 'vehe[ped rndiv]dua[s and iamit ies w]th somepret ty ser ious problems l jk€ havingnowhere to l ive,

Unit 2 Recording 2

iU=Nlark J=,ut iaNl : Hi Jul ia. What s the mai ter? You look a bi tupset .

l : 0h I doi ' t know 'm so fed up wi th workat the moment t 's so stressful here and L 'mworking longer and longer hours. I ' rn not belngpaid to do aLL th is extra admin Bas cal ly , r tsgoi to the stage where I'r. totally overworkedand und€rpaidlM: I know tb been awful for ages, hasn' t i t?

l : I 'm th nking about res gn ng actual ly I 'd l iketo have a complete brea( . . you l (nowM: That 's a good idea. Thatwould be greai .

Have you got any pLans?

l : I 'm not sure yet but I th i r ( l ' l l leave soonmaybe n the next two months, I can use the

t i rne to th ink about what to do next - . . p€rhaps' l l do some voluntary work or sornething Oneidea is to do some voluntary work abroad 've

s€en an ad recent ly afd I 'n going to get somernore informat ion about t .lM: You could research some stuf fon theInternet , . ,

J : Yes That 's a good idear I th ink I ' l l Co to thel ibrary now and do l t there. l t 's my lunch breakand I 've gotat least hal lan houtM: Good ideal Let me know how you get on . . .

l=Jane S=Simon

l : How are you, Simor? What have you beendoing?S: 0h 'm f ine 've been mak ng plansl I 'mreal ly exci ted.

l : 0h? Real ly? What 's goirg on?s: I 've decided I 'm going to l€ave work and go

back to col l€g€. I 'm planning to retra in and dosomething completely d i f feref t

i : Retra ln? Real ly? What ar€ you golngto dolS: Well, I've always wanted to be a vet .. Andl i ie 's too short , , you know, lwantto get onand do i t nowr I know i t 's going to be hardwork but I 've decided I 'm just going to do i t

J : Wow, that 's great . When are you going tostar t?S: Wel l , i t depends on being accepted on thecourse th is year I hav€ to take an exam f i rst ,but i f a l l goes to p lan, l 'm pfobably going tostaf t in September.

H: Hi , Fran. Do you iancy coming out for a mealtonight lF: Well, 'd love to but I can't l'm afraid. I'mhaving an interv i€w tomorrow so I 'm going tol rave an ear ly n ght .

H: An interv iew? What for? thought you l lk€dworking lor yoursel f f rom homeF: Wel l , t 's been OK, and I suppose I l ike thef lexib le hours and not havlngto commuteand stuf f , bu1 to be honest , I 'nr feel ing a bi tisolated.H: Yes, know what you mean.F; l real ly miss having col leagues, you know 50lve app ied for th i , ob L ' , 1o, , , \ ,or l ,

'o 'd snd

f i rm of archi tects l t 's a smal l open plan of f iceand they seem real ly f r iendly on the phone. I 'nrmeet ing thern at 10 o 'ctock tomorrow rnorningand then having th€ nterv iew in the af ternoonH: 0h, wel l Good luck I hope you get i t

p = p a t r i c k , = l o h n

P: th ink 'm going io t ry and look lor another

J: Why? Don' t you Like where you are?

P: Ye9,;t 's O( Bur Iwa t to De p.oroteo anotake on more responsibl l i ty. I real ly want amore senior posit ion now and there are lotsof other people who I work with who wil l g€tthose jobs before me.i: Oh, you don't know thatP :We l l , I do . t r ' nk Lhey ' . . o f i F , 5a l l y r l e_obo tdepaftmertalmanager. She's real ly good andshe's been there ages,Jr OK... but what about assista|t manager?P: No, Davids goirgto be assistant managerHe's a bit ola r isingstar, isn't he? Heb boundt0 get the job. t's obvious. He's being fast,tracked For t . . . you can tel l . . . I heard himtalking to lam€s about i t .J: That 's just because he wants the job . . youdon't know if he' l l get i t .

Unit 2 Recording 31 That 's a good ideal th ink I ' l lgo to the

l ibrary iow and do i t there.2 I 've decided l 'm going to leave work and go

back to col leg€.

3 I 'm meet ing them at 10 o ' r lock tomorrowraorning.

4 | th ink they' l l of fer Sal ly the job ofdepartmental manager She's real ly goodand she's been her€ ages

5 David is going to be assistant manager Iheard him ta lk i fg to lames about i t

6 He's bound to get the job. t t 's obvious. He\being fast,tracked ior it.

Unit 2 Recording 4

P: I 'm standing in the extraordinary RockGardens olChandigarh ir IndLa. Ard I 've spentthe morning talking to Nek Chand, India's mostvisionary aft ist and cteator of these gardens.He is a small , elderly man with a wrinkled faceand 9i lvery ha'r, and ,s e,(Lrerely mooest aboLlhis work I 've beer trying to f ind out what hasdriven him to create these gardens, but hetold rne, simply, Ore day I started, and then IcontinLred, His modest manner, howevet, hidesan incredible story.Nek Chafd was the son ofa poor larmerandIn 1958 he staft€d work as a Government roadinsoector. A. rhar r ime, l- s . i ty, Lha-digar' wa9be ng designed and bLri l t by a famous SwissArchiteci. Chand was iascirated bythe processofdesign and constructlon usingconcrete, anddecided to bui ld his own'kingdom'. He startedto col lect rocks and oth€rbits of 'rubbish,from the burlding sites. Secretly, he took thesethirgs to a forest area outsid€ the city andbegan to bui ld his garden. t had to be done irsecret because he was bui lding on land whichbelonged to th€ Government.At frst, he speft the t ime making walls andpaths and bui ldings. And then he moved onto the second phase, creating over 5,ooosculptures, These sculptures provide anincredible array of dit ferent f igures: people,animals, birds and many other strange andwonderfulcreatures, Each one is dif ferent andthey are al lmade ofmaterialthat had beenthrown away. Chand fecycles anything he canfind; old bicycles, bricks, lumps oiconcrete,broken plates, old sinks, electr ic plugs,pebbles... the l ist goes onFor 18 years, Chand worked on his secretgarden, every day after work and every

weekend. Every minute of h is f ree t l rne wasf i l led wi th working on th is huge project thatnobody else knew about. Then af ter 18 yearsthe garden was discovered by accident . At f i r ; t ,Chand was afra id that i t would be deskoyed a5he had bui l t i t i l legal ly on covernment-ownedland- But quickly, people becarne tnterested Ini t and the Government realsed that the gardencould become a tour ist at t ract ion They paidChand a smal l salary to work on the projectfu l l t ime and one year la ier the Roc ( Garderwas of f ic ia l ly opened-Now t is ndia 's second rnost popular tour istat t ract on, af ter the Taj Mahal , wi th 5,ooovis i tors every day. His huge achievementdoesn' t seem to have changed Chand at a l l ,however He to ld me, I am just doing my wor l (Everyone ha5 work they do. This is mine. H€says his l iFe is ut ter ly regular- | eat . ls leep Iwork. Tomorrow morning, he wi l l be doing thesame as he's doing today. And the day af ter ,he wi l l be doing the same. He says i t makeshim happy, iust doing i t . Which is a good th jng,because soon, he wi l l have spent hal fa century

iust doing i t .

Unit 2 Recording 6

P: As part ofour efforts to improve the work/l i fe balance ofthe people who work here,we've done a small survey of twenty of ouremployees 0ne ofthe things we wanted tof ind out was how p€ople spend their t imewhen they're not worki ig. Everyone in thesurveywas aged between 21and 3o and theseare tlre results.First ly, nearly hal l the group regularly workslat€ at the off ice. in fact, 9 out of 20 peoplestayatwork late at leastthree t mes everyweek. However, hardly any ofthenr thoughtthis was a bad thing. Only 3 ofthenr in fact.25% of the group had don€ voluntaTy work atsome t irne rf their l ives, but only 1o7o weredoing it now.Next, about evening classesr the group asa whole was keen on doing extra classes oractivi t ies. The vast majori ty say they do at leastone evening cLass, mostly either some kindofsport or art class.0nly a smallminority ofthe people questroned would l ike to do nroreevening classes, however. t 's not surprisingtoo perhaps, that many people are doing, orhave done, some kind of onl in€ course, mostlyto improve therr career prospects by g€tt ingfLrft her qual i f lcat ions.[ve'vone,did rhal a good wav ot rela, ing !.rd\watching TV or a DVD, but nobody l iked doingthis every evening. Orly a few p€ople said the,switch€d their computer on every evening, withvisit ing chat roorns being the most popular

The majori ty ofthe group preferred beingwith f i i€nds or family rather than b€irg ontheir own as a way of relaxing 50% said theyiound i t easy to switch offafter work but thevast rnaiori ty oipeople said they would l iketo change their work/ l i fe balance. l t /osi saidth€y want to work less and make more t ime forI Iem5eLVes,

Th.pescripts

Unit 2 Recording' IDialogue 1l=lnterviewer K=Karenl: l t 's Karen Goodman, isn't i t?K: Err.. . yes...l : Hel lo Gren. Pleased to meet you, My narne'sMichael Hafi ison. Come and sit down.K: Thark youl: So, thank you for applying for the job andcomingtothe interviewtoday. First, td l ;ke toask you about your experience. In your lettetyou say you ve worked in an off ice belore, Tel lrne about t f tat , , ,K:0h well , i t was ages ago actual lyl : 0K... wel l , what did you do there?K: Nothing much real ly.. was iust anassistant , , , You knou ans\rering the phoneand stuff. .

Dialogue 2l=lnterviewerl=lennyI: Ah . there you are...l : 0h dear. I 'm so sorry . .l : Let 's see .. . You are lenny, aren't you? Jen nyScott?j: Yes, that's right.l : Well , come in Jenny. 'm Peter lvlanning,Head of the Econonics departnent ard I ' l I beinterviewirg you today, Very nice to see you,Thank you for comingJi I 'm reaLly very sorry. I thought i t would be amuch quicker journey. The traif ic was terr ibleard ihen I coutdn't f ind the bui lding.l : 0K... can I start then by asking you aboutyour reasons forapplying forthe course?What do you think you d get f iom studyingEconomics in this part icular university, jenny?

Dialogue 3I=lnteruiewer L=Lizl: OK .. let 's move on, Liz. You've talked aboutyour experience to date. Now, 'd l ike to knowabout your pLans for the futLrre. What are yourola'< b' l le lu-ure, er 's sav fo. L e .ve ypa ciol lowing the course?L: Oh, umm .. well , I 'd real ly l ike to do this andthen, rnaybe stay in the same business for awhile wher l 've f in shed my degree .. . umm ..I 'nr not real ly sure what wanttodoafterthatreal ly. / mean, l ! love to study her€. I think'd get a lot out of i t as well as having a lot tooffer, but.. er.. . after that, well , I don't krowat the moment. I haven't real ly thought aboutthatl : Do you see catering as a Long-tetm thing ryour l i fe of just for the short-terrn?L: 'm just thirking short term at the mornent.. real ly haven't thought about the future .. .don't know how l 'm going to feel. I supposeshould think a bit further ahead but . .Dialogue 4l=lnterviewer L=Lindal: Well , thank you very much for talking to metoday, Linda. We?€ comingto the end oftheinterview now ls there anythingthatyoud l iketo ask me?L: Yes, do have a question, i f that 's OK.l: Ofcourse, Fire away,L: Well , I was wondering about prornotionprospects. Obviously I 'm keen on stay ng in th€joLrrnal ism bus ness and I 'd l ike to know whatkl id olopportunit ies there might be.l : That 's a good questior. We are veryinterested in the professionaL development

Tapescripts

of our staf f and of fer many opportuni t €s forfur ther t ra in lng and prornot ion wrth n th€companyr The r lght person can be promoted

to a posi t ion such as senior edi tor afd we arealways loo ( ing lor people to raanage cornplete lynew magazines Anything else?L: Could you te l l me when you're going to makeyour decis ion?l : I 've got some other cardidates who ' l l beinterv e! . r ing th s af ternoon, but we' I let you

know by tomorrow af ternoon-L: Thank you v€ry much

Unit 2 Recording 10

lr Thank you for apply lng for the job and comingto the interv i€w today.I 'd l lke to ask you abo! t your exper ienceYou say yo! 've worked in an olFice before Tel lme about that .'nr Peter l \4anning and ' l l be interv iewing you

to0ay.Can I s tar t by asking you aboLrt your reasons forapply ng for the courselWhat are your p lans for the future?

Unit 3 Recording 1

P: lJnt i l the 3rd century Bc, Carthage hadbeen a power iu l c i ty which contro l led rnostoi the l \4edi terranean Sea Forthe previousfew hundred years, the Carthag nianshad been t rading wi th people in lndia andthe lv ledi terranean area. fhere had be€nrnany bat t les between the Romans and theCarthaginians to t ry to contro l th€ area-Al though, Carthage had taken contro lofrnanymportant p laces, they hadn' t manag€d to takeSic ly , the is land or their doorstep. So, whenthe Romanswon tota lcontro lo iSlc i ly , Carthagedecided to at tack Rome.

The leader o i the ai tack was a br i l l ant younggeneraL cal led Hannibal . He had 40 warelephants, t ra ined to charge at the enemy AsHannibal 's arrny was marching nothwardstowards th€ Alps, sold iers From Spain ard otherareas lo ined them The icy mountains weredi f fcul t to cross, however, and by the t ime the,reached l taLy n 218 Bc, many of h is sold iers andelephants had dLed. They famously won threebar- l "s b- l in lhe Fnd Ll e Rona " were \ l 'o-ge'and theytookthe c i ty of Cafthage

Unit 3 Recording 3Dialogue lW=Woman lV=ManW: Bm . . i i 's real ly cold today, isn ' t i t?[4: Yeah , , do you want to borrow my jumper?

W: Wel l , I don' t th ink wi l l , thanks. Trouble isI can' t wear wooI because i t makes my skin

rrcny _.M: Oh dear does i t? Wel l , l 've got a cot tonjacket in the back of my car . .

Dia logue 2W1: Hey, I l ike your jeans . .W2: Thanks they?e I ce, aren' t lhey? | boughtthem y€sterday, ,

W1: They real ly sui t you.

W2: Mmm . . th ink the denim's got Lycra in i i ,so they feeL qul te str€tchy and very comior iabLe

Dialogue 3

M: What's the matter?W: 0h . i t 's a real pain. I got thes€ loveLyearrings for rny b rthday, but i think I 'm al lergicto them Look, my eafs have gone red afds 0 I € , , ,

M: 0h yes, they look realLy painfu l You mustn ' t

W: No, I r l ' - | .dn o lv ,^e"r re. l gord o s i e

iew€l lery . . they seem to be 0K.

Dialogue 4W: I bought my nephew a r€al ly n ice toy t ra inmade of wood for h is b i r thday. . but ldon' tth i rk he ever p lays wi th i t . .

Nl : 0h? Real ly? Why not?

Wr oh I don' t know.. love woodef toys

but th ink most k ids prefer p last ic ones. yo!

knol , \ r , the adul ts l ike wood, bLr l the chi ldrenwant p last ic lOr bet ter stL l l , compLl t€r games ,

Dialogue 5W: You know my f r rend SyLvia? Sh€'s av € g e t a r i a n , ,Mr 0h, yes . . met her at your party, th inkW: Yes, that 's r lght . Wel l , she was te l l ing me. . obviously she doesn' t agree h, i th eat inganimals, bLl t she also won' t w€ar anlmalpr0dLrcts

l$ i 0h . . r ight No fur coats thenlW: No, certa in ly not iur , but she won' t user_/ h ing rade ol le. . l^pr e l " " r shoes, bags,coats nothing.

Unit 3 Recording 4

P=Presenter E=ExpertP: Hel lo, welcome to today's edi t ion oi lhe,dnd f iow Today we?€ ta lk ing about anincredib le country, w th a fascinat ing cul tureand a long history going bac ( ovel Sooo yeaTs

. . efuq ls husety r ich in ar t and cu[ tur€, and

i ts lood and t rad t ons are wel lknown aroufdthe wor ld But two aspects of China areppr l ' .p, l€. .e_ \ .own. f \ l v h i ) vo. r cou-rryhas a long his iory of invent ing th ings ands€condly, n recent years has star ted to fLour jshas an inrportant g lobal€conomy wi th u l t ra.modern c i t ies and many boom ng ndust f ies,Today we've got China expert Sandra Benninghere to teI us alL about th is f lour ishins 'Land

of invent ion' Hel lo Sandra.E : H e l L oPi WelL, th ls progranrm€ is cal led Then andNow . . , so let 's star t wi th 'Then' . . . Chira 'shistory, and th is idea of a ' land ol invent ion' . .

knew that the Chinese invented paper, but Imust adrni t , I d idn' t know that they fventedso many other important th ings. Before w€' . l l d b o - t l L o s " . . " n v o , " T i n d | : . b o L ' : 1 9lqy or paper?

E: Yes. l t was in 105 AD that papernraking wasperfected in China The f i rs l paper was rnadeof s i lk . Wel l , i t was r€al ly the waste f tom si lkmaking, whlch they puLped up to make pipgl

P: 0f course, paper had an enormous impacton China, d idn' t i t?E: Yes, wi th paper, and then pr int ing, i t meantpeople could get nformat ion much moreeas Ly,P: So, what e lse d d the Chinese invent?E: W€l l , qui t€ a few simple but importantl l inqs. . I f l - r ona of Lhe r iTpl : -L r \or l on<wa. r 'e \ rh"elbo ow. in\FnLpd drourd -2o rD,

which rneani that enorrnous loads could becarr i€d by just one p€rson - . . As welL as other

th ings that we take for granted today, l ike s i lk ,porcela in, the k i le and even the umbrel la lP: And we have the Ch fese to thank forf reworG, don' t we?ErYes, that 's r ight l n the 8th century, theChinese discovered gunpowder. And by theloth century, i i was being used to makeIreworks, the gun, the rocket ard the bornb, , , so i t eventual ly had a huge nf luence onthe whole wor ld of course. Another majorfvef t ion was a machine for maki fg cast l tof ,

which they f i rs t developed in the 6th centuryBCPr Wow That real ly is a long t ime agol Thatmust hav€ made a big d i f ference to people 's

LtveS r00E: That 's r ight A lot o l i ron was used ioragr icul tural tools, so productron was Increasedhugely . which br ings nre qui te n icely to thepr-"sent real ly . . . to the'Now'. . . to preseni-day

C h i n a . .P: s agr icul iuraL product on big in China now?E: W€l l , yes, there 's a lot of agr icul ture . . about15% of the economy is based on agr lcul ture.You know, th ngs l ike r ic€, tea, cot ton afd [sh. , But i t 's certa in ly not lust court rys ide andagr ic! l iure, There are sorae huge, modernci t ies l i (e Shanghai and industry is hugein China now, and €xpanding al l the t imeProductron of i ron is growing at a rate of aboul227o a year n Ch na at the momentPr That 's cef ta in ly a booming industry . . 5owhat other ndustr ies ar€ lmportant in China

E: Wel l , so rnany of the th ings we buy are rnadein China, aren' t they? Industr ia l produci ion

accounts lof over hal l of China's economicweal . l - , inc l -d ing , - .h .o- .u rer i e n, d, loy, ,

c lothes, shoes, cars and electronic goods, aswel l as the heavier lndustr ia l products l ikei ron.

Unit 3 Recording 5W=Woman M=ManW: So, what do you th ink?M: WeLl , th ink the f i rs t one js €asy. I mean,n e f r \ e l o d o . d p o n _ h 6 l L - F 6 n o q ' r p o l J n ,

invent ions ever , , So, ior the f i rs t one, do you

agree that the computer is def in i te ly the mosti rnportant?W: Wel l , maybe . . . but lsn ' i i t t rue that wewouldn' t have computers wi thout e lectr ic i ty?50, reaLly l th ink that the invent ion of the l ightbulb and discover ing electr c ty is incredib ly;mpor iani . What about you?

M: l \ , \mm suppose you?e r ight . . How doyou feel about the te lev s ion then?W: t 's s imi lar to the computer reaLly L rnean,agaln, we wouldn' t have the te l€vis ion wi thouelectr ic i iy , would we?M: OK, so shal Iwe decide on the l ight bulb forthe f rst one?W:Yes, f in€ And what e lse do you th ink lsimportant?

Unit 3 Recording aD=Debbie M=MadinD: Hi l ] ,4al t in How's i t going?

lM: 0h hi . Y€ah, I 'nr f ine but a b i t t red, you

D: 0h? Are yoLr very busy at the moment?[4: WelL, yes . . d idn' t I te l lyou l 'm doing a

course? Most ly of l ine, and also one day aweek in col lege. l t 's real ly hard work.D: No. I d idr ' t know. What s i t?M: l t 's a long story, but what I 'm doing is t ry i f igto get a basic qual i f icat ion in maths . .D: iv laths? But l thoughi you hated mathsll l : Wel l , yes. t was def in i te ly my worst sublecta ' s , hool , | 'ealv rd_ea iL t -en, I rad an aw-u.teacher and I d idn' t understand a th inglD:So why do you want to do i t now?Mi I don' t want to . . . but I need to Lookingback, I wish ld studied harder at school andjust done i t , because I reaLLy need i t now. Iwant to retra in to be a teacher,D: A maths teacher?lM: Nor I want to be a history teacher, butin the uK, you have to have a basrc mathsqLral i f lcat ion to t ra in to be any k ind ol teacherD: Real ly? That doesn' t seem fai rM: Wel l , that 's the ru lesl Now I 'm older andwiser l - | real ise that studying hard ardpassing exams gives you more chotce in l i fe,That 's one of the bjggest lessons l ,ve learnedD: I suppose youte r ight . But i t 's only wi ththe benef i t o l h indsight that you real ise thesethings . . When youte young, you of ten can' tsee the pornt ofsor.e th ings, , , I mean, i t Sdi f f icLr l i to see the potnt of i t real ly . . How wereyou to know that doing wel l i r maths then,woJld helo you be(oTe a histo y teaLl-er now.

Unit 4 Recording 1

W: 'm very different to rny brother I think ...I m not very good at taking risks whereas heloves i t . The maddest th ing I th l fk he's donewas just af ter he f in ished univers i ty . He and akie d oecioed lo go DV l roro.oike f ron rhp topolAfr i .a lo t ' le oot to-r . -o. yoarc i t -ao oeFn akind ofobsession wi th h im, something hejustfad o do . . . ano he oid l . I Tean, r n,asn t a l ,p la in sa l ing but they made i t one piece andhad )o11e alra l ing adve-tL.es alo q the way.d o ' h i - \ h e s n , r " d o l v b r a v e . A c r u a y , v e j u s rbeen of fer€d a chanre to be paf t ofa sai l ingexpedi t ror to the Galapagos ls lands. l ,vealways had a dream ofdoirg something t ikeih i5 but never thought i t might real ly happen.I t wi l l mean giv ing up rny lob and 'm not surewhat I 'L ldo when I get back but 'm sure i twouLd be an amazing expet ience.

Unit 4 Recording 2

W:.. and now here's one foral lofyou inoff ices working at desks or computersBasical ly i t rel ieves tension in the neck, backand shouLders and i t also ircreases lungcapacity.First place your f ingertrps or your shouldersw t " e l b o w r I g - t 1 + 6 1 o r y o _ | e n , o r e a t - FIn ceeply,Now, while breathing out, drop your chin ontoyour chest ard bring your elbows together infront ofyour body.Final ly, while breathing out, l i f t your head upand bdcl, d awi g your elbow5 oa. . a5 t l-oJghthey want to touch behind your back.Repeat this ten t imes.

Unit 4 Recording 3

M: One of the best th ings we did on hol idaywas to go whitewater rafting, However, wasa bi t n€wous at f rst when they to ld us weiad to 5 ign sonet l " -g whi , h b.s ical ly said wewouLdn' t hold the cornpany responsible i fweqor in i . .ed o. d i .d l Ar vwdv, t re g rv in . -argeof our boat gave us some instruct ion beiorewe started off. we had to wear lifejac(ets ofcourse but I was qui te surpr ised that we didn' thave to wear any krnd ol crash helrnet , Wewere also supposed to weartra iners but ldforgot ten nr ine so I had to wear my sandals,Fj ia l ly , we got going and the hrhole th jng wasfantast ic .There were 8 of us in a boat afdt 'Fre ea y was a lot of 'wh p w"ter ' . I was abir l i l \e bei lg o- d ro l lercoasrer a-o | -ea- y fc Iin at one point . The one th ing I 'm sorry abouts that d idn' t get any photos lshould have

ta(en my camera but lwas afra id would dropi t in the water

Unit 4 Recording 4M=Man W=WomanM: So . . . d id you go and see i t in the end?W: Yeah, yeah . . I said I would, d idr ' t ?IVI : You of ten say you' l l do th ings but . .W: Ok, ok . . wet l th is t ime L drd . . .

W: You were r ight . . . i t was pret ty goodM: Pret ty goodl? Come on . . . i t was much,much bet ter than that . th ink i t 's the f i lmwhich 've enloyed most th is year.W: Reat ly? ldo l ike Cl int Eastwood but Isuppose I 've never real ly been that into f i lmsaboLrt boxing.M: 0k. . but i t 's not real ly about boxing is i t?W: sn' t i t? . lmear one of the maincharacters runs a boxing gym , , , and the otherwants to be a boxing champion,M: That 's a l l t rue but there 's a lot more to i tthan that . There are so many di f ferent themesrunning through the Fl lm.W: Such as?Mi Wel l , r isk, ior one.W: What do you mean?l \4: Wel lyou know at the beginnlng ol the i lm,one o[ C n[ fd ' .wood s rosr p or s ing borersleaves him just as he has a chance to rnake theb i g t i m e .W: 0h yes, that 's r ight . . . doesn' t he go of fwi thanother promoter or something, .M: Y"D af te 'yedrs o l r a in ing in .he gyr wi .hthe Cl int Eastwood character . And actual ly , t t 'sbecause Cl int won' t take a r isk wi th h im.W: He won' t put h im up for a btg championshipf lght . . . and the other promoter wi l l . . .M: Exact ly . The Cl int character p lays safe He'sjust too caut ious. And then th is young womanhopeful turns up - . .W: She'd been working in a caF6 before shewentto the gyrn. butdreamlng ofbei fg acharnpion boxer,W: BLrt I thought he didn' t want to take her onbecause she was a wornan or a 'g i r l e ' as heputs i t , , not because t was a ' r isk ' , , .M: Wel l , at f i rs t yes . . . but when she actual lyturns out to be real ly good . . . then he lacesanother r isk,W: You mean, he' l l t ra in her up and then she' l lleave him

Tapescripts

M: Exact ly . . . and that near ly does happen,doesn' t l t?W: 0h yes, that l r ight . . but she st icks wi thCl i r t in the end . . . thank goodnessllv l : Then there 's a k ind of emot ionaL r isk hetaKes too . , .W: You meai about get t ing too involved wthher?l l l : Wel l , yes . . . you remember how he keepswri t ing to h is daughter and never get t ing anyr e p l i e s . . .W: Yes, I neverworked out what that was al labout. , . I mean, there 's obviously some story. . something has happened which we neverreal ly f ind oLrt about.M: Yes . . . wel l . . . in the f i lm . . . l th inkthere 's agrowing emot ional connect ion between them. , . a d q i v e n w ' a l h a o p e n e o w t l - " 5 o d u g r r e r. . . ihats a b ig r lskthats hel taking too . .W: I see whaI vou rean. I hadn\ rea. ly lookeoat r t L ike that before . . . but now you say i t . . .l l l : n e a n o b v o - s y h e r e s l o r s o l o L h e . s l u ltoo . . . weren' t you shocked by what happenedLn her b ig championship f ight?W: 0h wow yes . . I couldn' t bel ieve i i . . .

Unit 4 Recording 7

Wi Wel l . . . obviously both photos are ofsomeone doing the same th ing but in verydi f ferent s i tuat iors l . I guess the f i rs t guy is oneofthose people whose realLy into r isk- taking. . . you know, extreme sports and stuf f ! Not l ikethe second guyl

So . . . theyle both i roning. In the f i rs t p icture,I can see a young man i roning som€ kind ofl r rown t -shir t or sweatshir t or something, Butthe i roning board is sornehow f ixed betweenthe s ides oFa ravrne. I can' t imagi ie how hegot there wi th the rroning board . and how hemanages to stay there himsel l t 's arnazing,On the other hand, the second picture is ofa rnuch more ordinary s i tuat ion. A middle-aged maf is doing the | loning in h is k i tcher

his wi fe might be out at work. He is a lsolooking af ter h is chi ldren . . . but not verywel l l Strangely, the guy in the f l rs t p icturelooks more re laxed than the man i r thesecond picture, even though i t must be verydangerous. l \ , laybe i tb because he doesn' thave so much i rof ing to do . , , and he doesn' thave to look af ter any chi ldrenl | (now I hatei roning but I am also scared ol heights andcl i rnbing. . . so wouldn' t l ike to be in e i thers i tuatronl

Unit 4 Recording 8

P : l o - g , l e - g - h . p n q t h e r q L o n , s h o r t e - . w i d e ,width, widen; broad, breadth, broaden; h igh,herght , heighten; deep, depth, deepen; low,

Unit 5 Recording 25=5imon C=Camil la5: 0h .. . ld iorgotten about this photo. cosh ..this brings back a few memoriesC: Really . . so who is this? l t 's not your murnrs i t? And where is i t? ls that when you l ived insouth London?S: Yes .. . that 's r ight. That 's where rny parentsl ived for years and where I was brought up.

25

35

r5

Tapescripts

t was th ls huge rambl ing old house. Actual lywe just rented one f loor of i t . but a lot of therest o i i t was just empty. . and w€ had th sen0fmous garden, pret ty much to ourselves,C: So is thai you in the garden5: Yep . haven' t changed a bi t hav€ ? That 'sactual ly Mur ie l I 'm wi th. 've io ld you abouther, haven' t l?C: umm . maybe remlndrne5: WeLl , basicaLLy, my mum wasn' t very wel l

"h"r wds bor- J1d <o \he "Tp oled l \4u 'e l .ocome n and look af ter me a lot of the day. Shewas a t ra n€d chi ldren's nanny. The idea wasthai shed jLrst be around for a few months . .bui in the end she stayed unt i l was near ly 7.She was realLy i rnportant to me . and 'm st i l lln touch wi th her and her lami lyC: Wow.. . thal 's br i lL iant .Si Yeah . . n fact th ink th is is one of myiavour i t€ photos oia l l .5he was an arnazingperson and part ty because of her I have real lygr€at memories of my chi ldhood I m€an . shewas real ly good fun . We h,ere always doinginterest ng lh ngs but at the same t me you

couldn' t mess around wi th her. Wher she to ldy o u i o d o s o m e t h i n g , y o u d i d i t N o a r g u i n g . .that was for su re lC: She sounds great . So, what k ind olchi ldwere you I bet you wer€ naughtyS: I t4e?? Nol was a mod€lchi ld ActuaLly, I d da lot of th ings very quickly ior my ag€ .C: L ike what?S: Wel l , my nrum tel ls me I said my f i rs t fewwords by the t ime was nine months and I wasabLe to walk, more or less, by 10 raonthsC : G o s h . . .S: Then later lwas qurte musical . . I could p lay

simple tunes on ihe piano r€asonably wel l bythe age oi4 which apparentLy is qui te ear ly .C: So where dld i t a lL go wrong?S: Yeah, know Shame reaLLy. .

Unit 5 Recording 3C=Camil laC: My brother, CLive, and were aLways pfet tyconrpet i t ive even as qui te young chi ldren. Iremember we both got b ikes one Chr istmasand he could r ide his on his own before me.lwas real ly crossl He was only 5 l th ink.Swimming was good thoLrgh He's a lways beenq u l p n e ' v o . , a b o u r b F i g - l " F \ d r e r b - r l v Falways Loved i t . was abLe to swim wel l by theage of 8 but even now he's qui te tentatLVe Imean he can swim but h€ doesn t reaLly l ike i t .What e lse? 0h y€s, our granddad was a greatchess player, so we got into that at one point

I th ink we were about 13 or 14. AnVWay,was real ly good at i t . so good in fact that henev€r rnanaged to beat me . . noi even ofceHe hated that and said he'd never p layme again And he never d id l I !4ore recent ly ,we've tak€n up ski ing. Cl ive loves i t and he'sgreat at t a realnatural I 'm ok. . l rneanI 'm improving n fact , last t ime I succeededin corning down rny f i rs t bLack s lope wi thoutfa lL ing over. . which was reaLLy pfoud of l

Unit 5 Recording 4S=Simon C=Camil la5: - . and th inkthls photo must have beentaken a lew years laterC: So, who are al l these people? Yorr?e in boththe photos though, aren' t you? ln th s one i t 's

you on the ground, wl th the dogs . r ght?

s: Y€p, as usual . . And, on the lef t is rny father. r F l r y r n . . A r r h e ; r r i q h t i i A . - r l o a r

she was my father 's o ldef s ister . . and nextto her, her husband, t lnc le Jack. This phoio 's

actuaLLy taken outs ide the hotel that my auntand uncle had . . down in the south-west ofEngland- We used to go and stay wl th thenr inthe summer qui te of ten,C: So, d id you l ike belng down there?S: Oh, the hotelwas great As a k id I ioundi t reaLly exci t ig. l jsualLy, in the summer athome 'd get qui te bored. There wasn' t muchto do whereas at the hotel th€re was no endof possib iL i t les I used to go roufd everywhereexplor ing . . They had tennis couf ts and awood at the back And somet rn€s l rememberld go in the k i tchens and the chefwould l€tme t ry sorne of the desserts lThat was unt i late so mucn ol tne cho-oldre mo,ss€ on€ i rn.that I threw upl But no, overal l , l t was br iLLia i t. much mor€ fun than lust hang ng around at

C: And how dld you get on wi th the dogs?Sr Oh they were a lot o i fun Sammy, my catyou know, in th is p ictufe - . he \ r 'as just so . .h o w c a n I p u t i t ? . s u p € r i o r a n d i n d e p e n d e n t .L ike al l Siarnese .ats probabLy. And he wasn' tv€ry interest€d r k ids don' t th ink. 0n theother haid, these two dogs were lust sofr iendly th ink they just l ik€d the at tent ior. . but they became l ik€ my best f r iends. They

used to corne explor ing wi th rne I was alwaysreal ly sad to Leave th€m when we had to go

h o m e

Unit 5 Recording 51 This year hasn' t be€n great but l 'm sure

things wiLL be bet t€r next y€ar

2 saw th is great f rLm last n ightO h y e a h . . .

3 but I don' t real ly undersiand what you're

saying. Do you mean that .

4 Kai€ . . Kate . thank goodn€ss youle home. . I ' v e b e e n s o w o r r i e d

5 Listen . . ih ink wele los i . . . and weshouldn' i be walk ing round here late atn ight . . I ' rn not sure that i t 's safe you know

a rnap of part o[ England and so on . . a l l ofth€m meaningless at f i rs t , but wh€n Cather inebeg ns to exarn ne each object , she f inds newtruths not only about her mother but a lsoabout hersel f Through these objects Cather inef inds that her mother was not the sweetand innocent woman that everyone l ikes io

S o , w h a t d d l t h n ( o f t ? W e l l . . o v e r a l L .l real ly enjoyed i t - l ts a real ly interest ingidea for a story and thought i i was veryweLlwr i t te i - Not only that but thefe are lotsofaspects ofCather ine's l fe that lcan tota l lyre late to - d i f fer€nt events, ieel ings andthoughts which so accurately mirror rny ownl i fe that l lound mysel lconstant lyunderLin ingparts of the text .However, somet imes I found i t a b i t s lowlwanted to know about th€ objects and i tseemed to ta l (e ages to work out what theywere al l about. St i l l apart f rom that onesmal l th ing . . r t was very easy to read and 'd

cedainly recommend i t

Unit 5 Recording 7

W: Well f_rst of al l i t 's very important to makesure that your t ime capsule container is goingto last for a very lofg t ime . . obviouslyrSo,i t rnustn't rust, t mustn't leak and i t must bevery hard-wearing, We were told to avo d anyklnds ol plasi ics and go for a material l ikealum i ium or starnLess steeL.We put in various books, newspapers andphotographs... aLloiwhich I st i l l think werea good idea. With books and papers, i t limportant to make sure theyte printed onthe highest qual i ty paper - so th€y don tdet€riorate any faster than absolutely

One mistake we made was to put rn colourphotographs I mean, photographs are verygood informatjon carr iers across t ime andcuLtures. but appar€ntly, black and whiiephotographs are much more stable ardlong-Lastlng than colour prints . , . so that 'ssometh ng worth bearing in nrind.

F o I F r t L g w l _ i , w e , o L l d h d v e ' l o - q h tabout was that som€ kinds ol technologybecome redundant. We put in an old v ideotape and they probably won' t be able to v iewthat hrhei the capsu[e f inal ly gets opened So,i t 's probably best not to inc lud€ any i t€ms thatrequire any technology or equipraent to use , ,other than eye and hand.Final ly , and agaLn, pret ty obv ousLy guess,do make sure that the outs ide oi the capsuleis c lear ly label led using a permanent rnarkerpen . . say ng what r t is and any necessarytnstTuct on5

Unit 6 Recording 1

W: was about 25 and ld been working at thesame company for f ive years A f r end shohredme his photos ofan amazlng hol iday he'd hadin CentralAmerica One photo in padicular

real ly st ruck me, t was when he went d v ingand saw the most beaut i fu l f lsh you've everseenl began to have i tchy feet and wantedto leave work and do somethjng exci t ing. l 'dnever been out of Europe before then and Iwas a bi t worr ied abou t gorng Stra ght i r to

So, go on, why exact ly d id you agree to go

out on a date wi th h m?WeLl, of course, he said that was why h€h,as late horne but you don' t bel ieve hi rn, doyou?

can' l b€leve i t W€?e f ly lng of f to Austra l iafor a month on l l londay to see my twins i s t e r l c a n ' t w a i t , ,

9 Yout€ always late . . why can' t you be ont ime fof once in your l i ie?

10 Can you see that young guy - . s tanding . .looking into that car? What on earth do you

think he's doing?11 5he said . what??l I can' t bel ieve i t . That 's

t e r r i b l e , . ,

Unit 5 Recording 6

W: WelL . . $,here shall start? Well .. thebasic story is that a g i r l , Cather ine, is Lef t abox by her mother who died wh€n she was ababy. Cath€r jne discovers the box when she s

11, the sarne age as when her mother d lednside the box are 11 objecis, l ike a red hat ,

uncharted tef i i toryl I mean, didn't knowanythirg about countr ies so di l lerent andfar away from mine. So, I decided to go toSpain f irst, to learn a bitoFSpanish and getused to beingaway from home. I went as anindependert travel let on my own, because lreal ly wanted to do i t al l by myself. I spent amonth wandering around the town where I wasl iving and learr ing Spanish afd loving everyminutel I was bit ten by the travel bug then andwanted to explore lots ol other p[aces. Aboutsix months latet, after saving up some money,lwert off to Guatemala, fe€l ingvery confldenta-d pleased w t l- nyse t. lhe f ir i wo ronthswere dif f icult and I experienced realcultureshock, I thlnk l t seemed that everything wasdifferent. Lots oi things went wrong too, l ikeI was robbed twice, I couLdn't f ind anywhereto l ive and lwas real ly homeslck and missedrny lamily l ike madl So I had a bit ofa bumpyride to start with, but after a while, I found ajob teaching English, made some fr iends andstarted to really enioy myself. In fact, I grew tolove it so much I stayed there for three yearsl

Unit 6 necording 51 lhe su-nme i5 qe_eral v ot and ve v l - -mia

and qJie -n, onlo,rab.F. l t s of len ovpr.acLtoo and there is no breeze to cool th ingsdown. l t 's very d i t ferent in the winter , whenii's lgqland the sky is clear.

2 I 'm notso keenon mi ld weather- \ rhen Lt 'snot real ly hot or cold. I much prefer i t whenthe weather is quj te dramat ic. L ke whenyou get scorching days and then i t suddenlyplqlq for hours. 0r when its hot in the dayand then you get subzero temperatures atnlgnt .

3 The weaiher is very changeable. In thesurnmer, the days are of ten br ight but canbe showery and the nights are somet i rnesq[i!]y but not very cold ln the winter, itseemsto dr izzLe a lot and the sky is of tengrey.

Unit 6 Recording 6P=Presenter J=jamie W=Woman M=[tanP: Hello everyor e. | .hin,, we' l ma\e a sral a5i i 's / .3o already. Let me introduce jamie. He'sour'Bhutan expert ' . , , He's spent a substantialarnount oft irne in this amazing country and L'msure he'll be able to help you with whateverquefles you may nave.Ji Hello. Thank you. Well , I ' l l do my best . .PLease feelfree to ask whatever you want andi l I can't answer anythrng . Well , I ' l l say sotl . . .So, f i re away..,W: Err.. yes .. when is the best t ime to go?l: Well , in the winter i t can be up to about15c in the daytime but you often get subzerotemperatLtes at night. There is a lot oisnowin winter, whlch can make travelLing dimcult.I t 's hot in the summer, sornei inres real lyscorching, but i t 's of len very wet too ln myexperience, the best seasons to visi t are springand aLrtumn. Spring is beautiFuLwith wonderfulf lowers and lovely sunny days. And autumn isfantastic too with mild weather and clear viewsof the Himalayas .. . Yes?M: What act ivi t ies do you recommend?l: One ofthe most popular act ivi t ies forvisi torsto Bhutan is to go trekking in the Himalayas.The high mountains and deep val leys are tr ir ly

spectacular and you can sornet imes walk forseveral days before comifg to the next v i l lageYou' l l see a huge var iety of p lar t l i fe rangingirom dense forest to t iny mountain f lowers, I 'vebeer nanv I nFc. . . Yo- v lon l be disappo nteL.can assure youl

M: Thank you.

W: Excuse me.. . I 'd l ike to know whether wen€ed to take anything specia l .

J : Ah yes, good questron The chargeablecl i rnate m€ans ihat you wi l l need anassortment ofc lothes, i l ]c luding ra in gearand good walk ing boots. The sun can be verys l r o - g e s o e r ' a l l v u o i n . h e n o - n i a i n 5 , s o y o L .-eed a hai and c-nqlacses. ld d lso re, om.renowarm clothes for the evenings, . i t can getpret ty chi l ly , even in surnmer.M: Would we need to carry a l l oLrr equipmefton a t rek?

l : No. Trekking is done in organised t r ips andthey provide yaks to carry your luggage. Theyalso carry the food and camping equipment,which is a l lprovrded I 've always found themvery wel l -equ pped and help iu l .i / l : and who goes wi th the t rekking group?mean do they provide a guide?

J: 0h ves . . . - fere

s a lwavs a g- ide wfo spea \ ,Engl ish and a cook and other assistants to helpmake the t rek run smoothly. They're a l lveryfr iendly . . you real ly don' t need to worry aboutget t ing lost or anything .W: Could laskyou whatthe food is l ike?, : Mmm.. . jnterest ing, yes. The Bhutanese eata loto lmeat, dairy foods, vegetables and r ice.The nat iorald ish ls a fabulous chi [ i pepperand cheese stew cal led Emadatse. In fact ,chi lus are very common in Bhutan and you' l lf lnd that a lot oFtheir d ishes are f lavoured wi thspicv.hi l l i oeope s. I love lhe lood, I 11Ust say.M: l ' -n rh in l . i -g o_go -g:n the aururr ' . Do yo_know i f there are any interest ing fest ivals atthat t ime?

J: WeLL, yes, th is year there are, aLthoughihe dates of fest ivals vary accord ngto themoon, The most popular one for tour ists isheld in fh imphu, the capi taL and th is year i t 'sin October. People dress in their colour iu l ,t radi t ional c lothes and there is a lot of musicand dancing, inc lLrding the masked sworddances. Al l t l 'e last va s dre inporta t .et ig iotrs

events for the people to of fer thanks to iheirgods.

M: I 've seen pictures ofstr ings ol f lags ln themountains, can you te l l rne what they are?l : Yes, they are prayer f lags. As said, theBhutanese people are very reLig ious and theyuse the f lags as a way of comrnunicat ing $r i ththe heavens. .

Unit 6 Recording 7r When l 'rn abroad I always have a go at

speaking the language.2 We?e going away for the weekend. Could

you [ook af ter our cat?

3 Don' t worry. l t goes wi thout saying ihat l ' l lrneet |/0u at the airport,

4 There's somethrrg going on in the c i tycentre. t 's fu l l of people.

5 Al though they argue a lot , they want to makea go of their marr iage.

6 | promise I won' t go back or what I 've said.

7 Can you help wi th d inner p lease? 've beenon the go al lday.

Tapescripts

8 Your teacher can' t be here today. She3 gonedown wi th a bad coLd.

9 cou dn t dec de wl ' r1 k t -er ro go ior . theywere al l g0rge0us,

10 He wentto great lengthsto rnake sure hewas totaLly prepared for the interv iew

Unit 7 Recording I1 Sharon Osborne has repodedly spent over

€18o,ooo on cosmet ic surgery and she saysi t was worth every penry. Her weight fe l lFrom 1o2 to 54 k i los, af ter surgeonsdramat ical ly reduced the s ize of herstomach, lorc ing her to eat much less thanbefore. She then had mul t ip le opemtionsto rernove excess flesh Frorn het face, neck,stomach and other areas ofher body,

2 Craig Flatman is a teeragerknown to h isf r jends as ' lam Boy' . Since ear ly chi ldhood,he has refused to eat any form olmeat,f ish, Fresh f iu i t orvegetables. Instead, forthe last l lyears, he has had f ive rounds ofjam sandwiches a day, p lus 1 l i t re of mi lk .Doctors are conlused, however, as h€ is overr .8 nerrec la l l . weighs a hpa lh/ /o r i los . -ohas no f i l l ings n his teeih.

3 5 i r Chr istopher cent was the boss of themobi le phone ernpire Vodafone For 17 yearsWhi le in the job, h is salary increased hugeLy,r is ing to a massive f2.gmi l l ion in h is lastyear. Now, he Lives of f h is Vodaione pensionwhich tota ls f lo.4m; l l ion - meaning thathe can expect an annuaL pension ofaroundf562,ooo ior the durat lon of h ls ret i rement.

Unit 7 Recording 3

W: Wel l , we have a real ly b ig mealoiChristmas Day in our family. li's lovely but wealways end up eahngtoo much and feel ingtooful l l OLrr kadi t ionaIChr istmas dinner is roastturkey, roast potatoes, carrots, parsnips, gravyand cranberry sauce, fo l lowed by Chr istmaspudding oicourse, lsuppose some people inBr i ta in probably have s l ight ly d i f ferent th ings,but thatb what we have. I love itl l\/y favouritebi t is the roast potatoes . . and there ls apart lcularway ofcooking them to make themtaste real ly del ic ious. F rst , you peel them andboi l them lor a short t rme about 5 minLrtes,0r 10 mrnutes maxjmum- Then you cover themin f lour Then, you put them on a t ray in theover but the important th ing is that the oi l onthe t ray is very hot and that you roast them i ra very hot oven , ,

Unit 7 Recording 4

P: And row, news of more celebrity items andf i lm memorabi l ia going under the harnmeT. .In the last lew years, sorne i tems have hl t theheadInes as they have been sold at auct lonsfor absurdly h igh pr ices.

You' l l probably remember that back in 2oo1,the whi te b lk in i worn by Ursula Andress in thelarn€s Bond f i lm Dr No was put up for auct ion.- 'e

a. l 'es\ repor led y cec d"a to se. l the twop;ece af ler she discovered l t n the at t ic a i herhome. Andress is now in her s ixt ies, but sheshot to farne when she played the f i rs t 'Bond

gir l ' n the Flrst james Bond i lm in 1952.Thebik in i was bought for a huge $61,ooo by the

! rrp""""ipt"

American, Robeft Ear l , co founder of PlanetHol lywood.I !4ore recent ly , one of th€ s ixstormtrooperhelm€ts used jn the or ig inal Staf Wars l i lmswas sold at an aLict ion in London l t was put

up ior auct on af ter i t was lound by chance at asecond-hand saLe and bought for just $25 Theluc (y owner ended up get t ing around $25,ooofor itlOf course, t radi t ional auct ions are not the onLyway to b id for th ings Thousands of people

now buy and seLl th ings on eBay, the popular

Internet auci ion s l te, And som€t imes the mosincredibLe th ings go for extraordinary pr lcesl

0ne seLler put a p iece olchewing gum whichhad been spat out by pop star Br i tney Spearsup i 'or sale on eBay. The sel ler sa d he foundthe gum on the pavement outsrde a Londonhotelwhen he saw Br i tney spl t i t out . Th€descf ipt ion that w€nt wi th the gum on thenternet read: l t is cornplete[y preserved as

you can see, wi th Br i t fey 's teeth marG highlyvis ib le lThis s the chance to own a pi€ce olpop history r ight f rom the moLrth of ihepr incess of pop hersel f lThere is no guarantee that the gum isauthent ic , but potent ia l buyers can contact these[er d i rect and then use their own judgement

to decide l t may fot just be the g!m whichis fake; the b ds may be fake too. Dur ing thebidding ior Br i tney's gurn, fake bids went up ashigh as $14,ooo al though the winning bid forih€ gum !^ras reportedly c loser to $1ooIt is not only celebr i ty tems that have beenmaking news on eBay Three boys in Texas,USA got a shock last Chr istmas af ter theiriather had grven them constant warnings abou ttheir bad behavlour He had bought them

$7oo-worth ofv ldeo console and games forChr istnras but when there was no improv€mentin iheir behaviour, he decided to auct ion of ftheir Chr ist rnas presents on eBay The fathersold the r tems for $1,Zoo and gave ihe prof i t tothe localchurch.So, i t s€ems that a lmost anything can bebought and soLd and that r id iculously h ighpr ices \d i l l be paid for somet imes completelyuSeless l leras , ,

Unit 7 Recording 51 0ne nran b d f5,ooo for a smal l ant ique

cna T.2 Ten CDs for only f5o - thafs a bargainl

3 | asked for a d iscount, but the shopassistant said no

4 ld l ike to buy a rnotorbike but can' t af fordir

5 Th s DVD player broke after only a week ldl ike a refund please.

6 la lways t ry and haggle w th market t raders

7 The rent on that t iny fLat isn ' t woth t .8 Don' t iorget to keep the rece pt .

Unit 7 Recording 6W=Woman R=Recorded message l\4=lllarl(W: HeLLo 'd L ike to speak. . .R: Hel lo Welconre to FDS. n order to dealwj th your cal l e i f lc ient ly , p lease I s t€n to thefol o! ,v inp opt o . f )oule pnoninq ro

" o-qe

a del ivery date, press l l fyou' re phonlngto

change or cancel an €x st ing appointment,press 2. f you're phoning about a faul tym a c h l n e , p r e s s j l f y o u l e . .

W : H e l l o .Ri HelLo For a l l h i - f i , ie levis ion, DVD and v ideoplayer faul ts, press l For aLlktchen appl iancesfaul ts, press 2. For a l l . .M: HeLlo, Custom€r Services Ki tchen

appLiances Repairs and replacern€nts Markspeaking How may heLp you?

W: oh, hel lo. I 'd l ike to speak to the manager

M: Wet l , th is ls Customer Seruices. Can I be

oi any assistance? What seems to be theproblem?

W:WeLl, L bought a washing machine f rom you

about three w€eks ago and there have beenproblems wi th i t ever srnce f i rs t used i t .

l l l : 0h, 1 'm very sof iy about that , madarn. Cantake your customer nLrmber p lease?

W: 0h, yes. l t 's 45oo2315.L4: . Thank you . . OK. ALison Bent ley, is i t?W: Yes That's right./M: So, you've had probLerns wi th your washing

machlne. What sort of problems?

W: Wel l , i t of t€f stops for no reason in themiddle oia cycle and then star ts agajn, but i t' e e p ) n o i n q c l ' d n g e - o ' e \ N o w l ( < . o p p p o

L o 1 1 p F " V " l d h e p s a o o d o l W a c ' n q s u c L

insid€ . I phoned to make an appointment foron€ ofyour engineers to come and lool( at i tyesterday, but your cornputers were down andI couldr ' t get through. Now i t 's real ly urgent .

lv l : We did indeed have technicalproblemsyesterday. I can only apologise ior thedi" . r l r iec y 'or e\per ip "d in q" . t - g t ' o-q ' r .Would you l ike to make an appointment now?WtYes, p lease I need an engineer urgent ly

Nl : Just bear wi th me and l ' l l see i lwe've goi

any appointments avai lable. . . t looks l ikethe ear l iest appointment we've got is Fr idayrnorning between 8 and 1. Shal l I book that in

W: Fr iday mornrng? That 's three days t melWhat am I supposed to do about the c lothesstuck lnside the rnach ne? They'LL be ru inedHaven' t you got anything sooner?M:. . . 'm afra id not fyou had the 3 starService Plan, you could 've got a pr ior i ty

appointment on the same day. But you'vegot the basic guarantee which says thai we' l lrepair your appl iance w th n a week i lw€ can.And i fnot , we' l l prov d€ a replacemert f ree ofany extra charge- ShaLl lboo( an appoiniment

W: WeLl . . l suppose I ' l lhave to.[4: . . . 0K That 's l -ne That 's a l l booked ior you

An engjneer wi l l be wi th you Fr day between8 and 1 s there anything else I can help yoLr

wi th?

Unit 7 Recording 7A feathersB wlngsC beakD clawsE fuf

G pawsH whisk€rsI hornsJ foovesK f ins

Unit 7 Recording I1 'd forgotten to set the alarm clock that dayso L overs lept and woke up three hours laterthan was supposed to , , - Then, ld ser iouslyunderest mated the t ime l t would take nre ioget ihere. 0n the way, i t s tar ted pour ing wi thrain and I got compl€tely soaked to the skin.In the end, i t took me near ly two hotrrs whrchrneant that L was real ly , real ly late. When didf lnal ly arr ive - wet through I walked into theinterv iew room and who was s i t t ng there,wai t ing to int€rv jew me, but my ex-boss f romry prFviou. job. r fe r .o aw'L be.aLse | _ow

for a fact that he hates rne and 'd rnad€ such a

2 A couple ofyears ago ldecided to havea change of career, Having been a Spanish[ e o c ' e r ' o _ e o _ y / o y e a 5 . d p i d F d . o e l a i nas a t ranslator and interpreter fs a reaLlydi f f icul t job and I found the i ra in ing very hardwork, bui I 'm real ly p leased wi th mysel f forhav ng done i t . I was brought up blL ingualsothe Language i tsel fwasn' t d iFfcul t for me, butyou have to learn complei€ ly d iFlerent sk i l lsI now work lor a huge mul i inat ionat hol idaycompany specia l is ing in organised t r ips around

South Arner ica and I real ly love t l l t 's the bestjob I 've ever had

3 | can' t bel ieve the t roubLe 've had over th is' J . l e r

l o d e r e d o f f - h e h r o - e f , l w a s u - - r - d .

because 've ordered stu l f f rom the samecompany before and never had one s ingleprool"n Bu l l is I 11e. Iorde oo a walerp 'oo'ra in jacket and wher i t came i t was an extra-large even though 'd ordered medium. When

: a - t t b a c k , r h a : a ' n p t F - S h a p p " , e 6 . 1 . " - , 'back about three or four t imes So, eventual lyI phoned th€ customer 5etuices departmentbut the mai I spoke to was so rude I couldn' tbeLieve i t . lhroLrghout the whole conversat ion,he spoke to me ln a sort of bored, monotonousvoice and ctear ly wasn' t interested in myprobl€m at a l l He d dn' t even apolog sel

Unit 7 Recording 11Dialogue 1W=Waikess lM=lMan C=Woman customerW: Lood e\er" g. H. \e yo- qoI a ese'voI on.

MrYes, we booked a tabte for two in the name

W: IMadison . . I don' t th ink we've got a booklng

M: Er . no, it's l!,lorrison .W: Sorry, I \4orr ison. . ah, yes. fyou'd l ike to

M: Thank you

Wr Can I get you some dr inks?M: Yes, p lease. A bot t le o l the hoLrse red and5om€ mineral water p lease,

W: Sorry . Did you say a bot t le or a g lass ofred?l l4: A bot t le . . of the house redW: Certa in ly, Sir .W: Are you readyto order?Mr Yes . I th ink so.W: I!4adam?C: ' l lhave ihe steak please

W: Howwould you l ike i t?C: Rare please

W: Rare. Thank you And for you, Sir?M: l ' l lhave the gr i l led tuna, p lease.

W: Sorry, the tuna's f in ished

M: 0hrWel l , I ' l l have the swordf ish then.Wi Mnrm , , . I 'm v€ry sorry but there 's noswordf ish ei therM: Ohl l ls there any f ish on the menu today?W: Yes, we have the gr i l led seabass.lM: I ' l l have that ther p lease. And , l l have ne\potatoes wi th i t , p lease.Wi I 'm terr ib ly sorry but we've run out of newpotatoes but yolr can have i twi th r ice.M: Wel l , Ol( . . . but I 'm not very happy about ar n r S , ,

Dialogue 2A=Assistant C=CustomerA: Can I help you?c: 0h, yes . . 'd l ike to t ry these or , p lease.A: Yes ofcourse What s ze are you?C: LJmm . . wel l , usual ly a j8 but somet imes a39. Perhaps I could i ry both . . .A: Yes, that 's f i ie I ' l l br ing both for you. I wof ' tbe a minute. Was i t b lack you wanted?Ci YesA: OK f ine Would you l ike to take a seat overthere?OI( . 've got b lack in s ize 18, but not in j9. l ,vebrought brown in s ize 39 for you to i ry .C: Thanks. I ' l l t ry the l8 f i rs tA: 0h, ihey look real ly n ice on you. How dothey leel?C: I real ly l ike them but they feel a b i t t ightactLrat ly . I th ink I ' l l t ry the 39s, though I don' tl ike brown.C : A h , y e s . . I e 5 e a p b e t l e . . , , r r - r r T - e I 9 cf i t much bet ter , but real ly don' t l ike the colouLAre you sur€ you l raven' t got b lack in l9?A: I ' l l just make sure j fyou l ike.C: Yes, p lease. I real ly preier b lack.A: No,I 'm sof iy_. . only brown in 19.Cr 0hl Can you phone your other branch andsee i f they 've got them I don' t l ike brown . .t l reydof ' t go wi th afy of my c lothes. . .

Dia logue 3C=Customer R=ReceptionistCj Good morning. I 'd l ike to book anappointment to have my hair done please.R: Yes, ofcourse. When would you l ike tocome?C: Have you got anything lor tornorrow mornir rsbefore 12.oo?Ri Umm. yes, there's 10.3o,1t,75 ot 1t,45?Ci Oh,10 lo p leaseR: Fine, 10.3o. lhat 's wi th Tina. And what wouldyou l ike to have done? lust a cut and blow,dry?C: Wel l , a cut and blow,dry yes . . . but 'd

also Like some highl ights done. In fact , lwasthinki ig of havrng mul t icoloured highl ights th ist ime. Would that be possib le?R: 0ooh yes. That sounds fun. There's a lso aspecia lo i fer on tornorrow. Wele of fer tng al lcustomers an ndian head massage, ,m sureyou' l i l ike i t . t 's very re laxing.C: 0h, yes please That would be great .R: Lovely. We' l lsee you tomof iow at 1o.3oCi Thank you. Bye.

Unit 8 Recording 2B=Boss E=EmployeeB: So, general ly ih ings are going f ine. We'vetalked about your at t i tL ide to work, which isvery good, Over the three years that you,veworked here, you've shown a consistent lyprofessional approach to your work

E: Thank you . . I must say that I 've enjoyed i tvery much, Test ing computer games is gteatfun . . and my col leagues are very helpfu landsupport ve,B: So, the rext pad ol th is appraisaI is to th inkabout the future What do you see yoursel idoing next?E: Well, as say, I've reaLly enjoyed the gamestest ing work that 've been doing, but I ieeL thati t 's t ime I moved on now.. . mean I th i rk ldl ike to have a bi t more responsibi l i ty .B: Yes, I th ink we need to th ink about that .You've shown some good leadershrp ski l lsand wonder how you would feel aboutbecoming a team leader You know, then you dbe supervis lnga team ofgamestesters andmaking sure everyth ing gets done proper ly.E: Oh, yes . . . 1d l ike to very mLrch . thorrgh l 'mnot sure that 've got a l l the necessaryski l ls tobe honest . I mean, ld l ike the responsibi l i ty ,bui err , , , would there be any managementtrarnrng?B: Yes, ofcourse We run some excel lent inhouse courses whrch I th ink would grve you, onrdence, There's o_p coT ing up . re\ . wee.and then arother in 2 months ' t ime. And I th inkl 'd rather you did the f i rs t one, so that we don' thraste any more t ime. What do you th ink?E: Wel l , yes. I 'd be very interested t would begreat to get some tra in ing under l lay as soonas possib le. I mean, I 'd rather not wai t lor twomonihs, i i thai 's 0K wi th you ld l ike to be asprepar€c as rcan,B: 0K. Great ln that case, l 'd bet ter getyour name on the List for the one next weekimmediately. I hope i t 's not iu l lup al readydon' t th ink i t wi l l be. Perhaps j ' t l just checkwih 'eannie now ExcJ,e re jLst one ninule . , ,0h, hel lo Jeannie. I just wanied to check iFyou've st i l lgot p laces on the ManagementSki l ls course for next week, , , ah, you have , , .great . . Could I put Wi l l Scot t 's name downplease?.- Yes, S-C-0-doubLe T - . .

Unit 8 Recording 31 | feel that i t 's t inre I moved on now2 | th ink I 'd rather you dld the f i rs t course.

3 ld ratheT not wai t for two months,

4 'd bet ter get your narae on the l is t

immediately.

Unit 8 Recording 5I She isn ' t very str ic t and she hardly ever gets

upset or wor ied2 He's the k ind of person who has one aim

and works hard to achi€ve i t , doesn' t he?

3 She s determined to do what she wants andwon' t l is ten to advice f rorn anyone,

4 He uses words in a funny, inte lLrgent andInterestrng way.

5 She real ly enjoys meet ing and ta lk ing topeople, doesn' t she?

6 He's one of those people who is aLwayshonest and doesi ' t keep secrets f rom

7 He has verystrongviews about a lotoFthings in a way that annoys a lot of people.

8 She's the k ind of person who cares onlyabout hersel f rather than other people.

9 He's good at making th ings happen andchange He doesn' t just react to events,does he?

10 She's ofe of those people who is good at

Tapescripts

secretly control l ing or tr icking people to g€twhat she wants,

Unit 8 Recording 6P=Presenter T=Tony GreenwoodP: Today or Sports Alive we are looking atsLrccess and achievement in sport Who are themost successful sportspeople jn the wor ld andjust how do they achieve their success? Thereic d l - -ge soor 's p5vLhology ino-.Lrv wor l . -p

wi th a lmost a l l ath letes these days. BLi t doesit work? s rt all really necessary? We've gotsports psychoLogist , Tony creenwood here tohelp us answer these quest ions, Hel lo, Tony,WeLcome to the programme

T : H e l l o . . .P: So, f i rs t ofa l l ,Tony, let 's th inkaboutthat quest on. ls sports psychology real lynecessaryl so ne oeoolp wo ld say lhat yoU r ,Ferther got the determinat ion to succeed or youhaven' t What do you th ink?T: Wel l , I suppose that 's sornet imes t rue.There are examples ofsports peoplewho areextremeLy successful and have never neededany help wi th thelr mentatdeterminat ion\4o'aned Al was p oDdb.y L l -e no. t tan ous ofal l . He had complete sel f ,bel ie l that he was th€best and absoluie ly unbeatable.P: Thats r ight . Nobody needed to remjnd himto locus on the goal lT: No , , , and there are other examplesofsportspeopl€ who seem to be tota l lyLomr' red to [Leir owr sL, ces, t le-a is p layprBjorn Borg, rar ing o 've ' JMiIaelSLhJna-rera.d bd5\elbal lp layFr I ! , l ichae Jordan Lo narca few. But these people are actual ly qui terare. , , most sportspeople do a lot ofworkonmental preparat ior and get a lot of hetp wi thstaying Focussed on winning.P: 0K.. . so whai do the sports psychologistsdo? How do you help p€ople to succeed?T: wel l , our basrc job is to prepare the mindand we can do th is in d i f ferent ways dependingon who we?e working wi th, One of the mostimportant th ings we do is to help peoplechange negat ive ihoughts into posi t ive ones.did some work wi th a footbal ler recent ly He

m ssed a real ly impodant goal and star tedthinklngthat he couldn' t do i t anymore.to ld hrm he could do i t by th inking aboutsorn€thing di f ferent , not on missing the goal .A1p'oract is ing rh.- ing

"Dou- h" w.y rhe ba. .

was l - rn inq insl€ad, h ic wl-o le gare mp.oveodramai ical ly .P: KelLy Holmes is a good exarnple of that too,isn t she?I Yes, that 's r ight . For mLrch of her career,she was constant ly get t i rg in jured andthei worry ing that i t would happen again.remernb€rthat she admit ted feet ing tota l lyout ofcontro lwhen she got in iured al l thetime But the fact is, athletes have to get overt l rat and star t to take contro l mental ly . That 'sexact lywhat she did - and then olcourse hror'wo gold reoalc dt t_e A hp-s Olyr p ics, wf c lwas a [antast ic ach]evement lP: Yes, she was real ly br i l l iant lT: There are other th ings we can do to helpwi th rn€ntal preparat ion too. Things l ikerout ines to get the pLayers focussed andworki rg as a team can reaLly help.P: Rout ines? What do you meai?T: Wel l , r re \Fw /ealdnd A. l B a( (9 rugby rean

! trp""""ipt"

do their Haka war dance to iocus themselvesand to t ry and worry the other team Thenthere are people who hav€ their own personalluc (y rout ines. Footbal ler Andy Cole said healways wanted to be the Last p layer onto theoi .h. I r 'g ' l seen a bi q 1, , , o i i f i . " r 'o ,

.

Unit I Recording 71 (el ly HoLmes must be real ly ecstat c about

her successKel ly HoLrnes must be absoluteLy ecstat icabout her success

2 lhe sports psychologist who $,orked wi thKel ly HoLmes must be reaLly ecstat ic about

The sports psychologist who worked wl thKel ly HoLmes must be absolutely ecstat lcaD0ut neT success.

3 An exlremely b ig sports ceI t re near here has

A very b ig sports centr€ near where here hasj u s t o p e n e d .

4 l f you \ ( 'ant to get to the top in ath let ics,i t 's realLy v i ta l to get yourseLf a professionalt ra iner

5 W e n e v e - a p d l : o o r o a , F o r e 5 o a l .w th realLy filthy.\ / l e e v e - F p d y 5 r o o ' b a l , l ' F o r F , o a ,absolutely f i l thy.

6 Sh€ was absolutely exhausted at the end oftne Tace.

/ I love running. ld be real ly devastated i fhad to g ive i i up.

Unit I Recording 81 I wai t to b€ the last p layer onto the pi tch.2 l \don the race €asi ly .

3 'm not go ng to t ra in today.

4 You can do i t by th in ( ing abou I somethingdi f ferent .

5 Why are you fe€Ling so negat ive?6 Wi l lyou help me tomorow?

Unit 8 Recording 10Diatogue 1H=Host J=,ut ieH: and our n€xt cal ler is Jul ie. So, what 's onyour m nd, ju l ie?

l : . . Wel l . . guys baslcal ly , chr s .H: Ahh - now where have heard that beiore?j : know, I knor ' . . but i i feels l ike I 've t r ied€v€ryt l r ing and I 'm just not get t ing anywh€re.H: So . . what exact ly do you mean when yoLtsay you've ' t r ied everyth ing'?

J : W e l l . I n " d . l e r o w a c t r i ( g u , r L ! e aa couple oi rnonths ago at wor l ( . - We usedto have a bi t ofa laugh and a joke around theo " . e . d d l - " d l - - c h , o g p h - d r e w ' i r F r Ia ,eenec ro be go -g prely n,p l . , d .e ' t ' l i r

now and then . . but then he seemed to just

star t avoid ing rne .Hi What. . l ike overn ght?j : Wel l . . don' t know about ihat . but t wasprerry strangeH: And nothing had reat ly changed?l : N o . . w e l l . . I ( e l s a i d l h a d b e e n t e x t i n ghinr qui te a b i t . .H: What ( ind of th ings?

J: oh noth ng mLrch . . . s i l ly th ings . . . teLl inghim thought he was real ly cute . you knowH: Anything els€?

Jr Wet l . . I d id send him the odd card . . and a

big cake on his b i r thday . to the of fce. .H: To the of f ic€?

J: Y€ah . welL . maybe that was a bi t over thet o p .

Dialogue 2H=Host M=Mart inaH: So Madina . appar€nt ly you're some kindof sportspersor . . is that r ight?M: Yeah, wel l , I do a lot of long-distanceruf f ing you know marathors and stuf lH: 0h yeah . so what exact ly were youp hon ing aboui?l I : Wel l , just recent ly , I had th is race . .you know, a real ly b iS one, te levjsed andeverything and . . . wel l , how caf put i t , , you

know, just couldn' t do i tH: What do you mean . 'couLdn' t do i t '?M: Wpl l , i i wr. real l , r for . b . r rbo - t qd -way,

was losing touch wi th the leaders and l justhad to stop which s real ly urusual for me.. .and then I just couldn' t get going again . . and

lusr gave up

M:And s ice thei , 've lost a l l my conf idence. I 'm th inking I may have to g ive up funning

al togeiher . But realLy, i t 's been my l i le unt i l

H r T \ d l . o - n d . e a l l y d i ' c r l . . F a \ , e y o u L o P e dto anyone about how youte feel ingL4: Y€s, w€l l , work wi th a sports psychologjs l

but she's lust te l l ig me to . .

Dia logue 3H=Host T=TimH: So what 's your ssue today Tim?T: my job I supposeHr And what do you sLrppose about i t?Tr Wel l 've b€en in rny company for qui te

: o r e . i r e n o w , "

d i . , - , , , w " I . . l s e e r Ito have got a b i i s tuck l th nk. .H: Stuck?T: Y€ah wel l . Oth€r peopLe who star tedaround the same t i rne have got promoted andmoved up and I 'm st i l ldoing exact ly thesame job as when I s tar ted . .H: Aid you feel I ke you've been dojng your

current job ok?T: LJmm . . wel l I suppose there have beenone or two probl€ms I m€an I d dn' t reaLly g€ton w th one of my biggest c l ients . . . but thatwasn' t a l l my faul t as th€y wer€ real ly annoy ng. b . l , " r y ^ " i . I p y d d n l ' F n e $ r t h e . o n r ' o . l

wi th us so I got into a b i t of t roubl€ about that. . . ard then have been to ld of f a f€w t imesabout being Late .H: 50, are you Late for work of ten?T: Yeah, , , !e lL, guess so .Hr Just how of ten, Tim?T: Wel l , maybe a couple of t imes a week. .H:What . €very week?T: PrF lv r L l sLopoce . . t 'c . r . .ha ' s e6p-Fa ly w" | . . and nFve 'Far ny drdrn . .o.k

I 've t r ied d f ferent types but i t do€sn' t seem tom a ( e a n y d i f f e r e n c e , ,

Unit I Recording 2M=Man W=WomanM: Did I teLl you about th is real ly funny lawyerstory that a i r iend of mine sent me on ernai lthe other day?W: No, go onM: Wel l . . . the ! , ray i t goes is that . there 'sth is lawyer in the USA.. . North Carol lna or

sornewhere . . . and he buys th is box of reaLLyrar€ and very, very expensive cigars ..W : 0 k . .i l l : And because theyle so expenslve hede. dec o in) . F .he r

"sa st l i re aro-g. , |

ot l rer th ingsW: Fair enough.M: Yes . except that , wi th in a month, hav ngsmoked his compL€te col lect ior of thesefantast ic c igars and wi thout having made evenhis f i rs t payrnent ior the insurance poLicy, thelawyer mad€ a c la im against the insurance

W: What on earth for llv l : Wel l , in h is c la im, the Lawyer stated that thecigars were lost i r a ser ies ofsrnal l i resW: How r id iculousl1,4: And nsL_p' , i g ly. I 'F - .ura- .e ro np"n,refused to pay for the obvious reason thatthe man had smoked the c igars in the normalway. But then, the lawyer sued the rsurancecompany . and wonlWhen he gave h sdec s io.1. rhe j -dg" ag "ed w t t l e i . sura cecompany that ihe c la inr appeared r d iculousBUT concluded that the lawyer had a po[ icy

fronr the company in which i t guaranteed theycould be nsur€d against f i re, wi thout def in lnge k c t y n , h a l d d o r d d n o c o . - l a , l " ' A n oso t l re company wouLd have io pay the c la inrW: NolYou?e k idding[1: But thal t not a l l You see, rather than goingthrough a long and expensive appeal , thei n , - d n c e . o n p a n y J , " p l F d . h - d e c i ' o -

" -

paid $15,ooo io the lawyerfor h s loss of thevaluable c igars in th€' f i res ' But now comesthe best pal t l

W: Go on I can' t wai t . .l l l : Then af ter cashing the cheque, thelawyer was arrestedl The nsurance company' " d

h i r . h a g e d ̂ i h 2 a ' o u r . , o ' d . \ o n l W i . l .h is own insurance c la m and evidence i romthe previous case being used against h im, thelawyerwas convict€d of del iberately burninghis insured property and so can you bel ievei t? he was sentefced to 24 months in ja i land

a $24,ooo f ne,W: Nol ls that r€al ly t rue?lll: Cross my heartl l\4y ftiend said he goi itf rom a realnewspaperW: How amazing.

Unit I Recording 3W=Woman M=l l lanW: Did you see these photos in the paper l

t says they?e ofsomeone who was i r themiddLe of st€al ing computer equipment f roms o m e o n e ' s l r o u s e , ,M: RealLy? So, how did they manage to doihat?W: I 'm not sure, suppose th€y must have f ixedup some kind ofsecur i ty carnera.M: What. . . ins ide their own house?W: Yeah. That would be pret ty unusual Do youthink the th ief real is€d he was being caughton cameTa?lv l : He can' t have done, cai he? Otherwise, hedhave taken the camera tool

Unit I Recording 5

Pi . . and nnal ly today, a house burglar wasgiven an 11-month pr ison sentence today

after admit t ing breaking into a localhouseand steal ing thousands of pounds worth ofc0rnpurer equrpment,The householder, Duncan Grisby, who hadbeen burgled on a previous occasion, set up awebcam which would star t recording as soonas i t detected rnov€rnent in the room But thepartrcular ly c lever th ing was that even thoLrghthe burglar sto le the computer and webcam,the images had al ready been sert v ia theIntern€t to a pr ivate emaitaddress.The pol ice omcer in charge of the case,commented af ter the t r ia l : Af ter the break- inwas discovered, [4r Gr isby s imply gave usthe emai laddress and we were able to watchseveralminutes of footage and ident i fy thethjefwho ls qui te wel l known to us. When heini t ia l ly denied breaking in io ihe property wewere s imply able to show him the footageThe web.ar nade o-r ioo rFa lv easy, l l wac apleasure to show hirn the pictures and see hisexpressron when we interv iewed him

Unit I Recording 6l=lnterviewer 5.H.=Sherlock Hotmesl: lMr. Sherlock Holmes, I rnust ask you flrst. . . How is i t that yoLr have the same name asSher lock Holmes, the great detect ive l romLondon?S.H: Please, cal l me Holmes that 's what rnyl r iends and fami ly cal lme wel l , you see,my parents were great fans of the or ig inalCona. Doyle stories. Both parents, my father,especia l ly , would spend hours reading theadventures to me even as a chi ld,l : Real lyr?S.H: Yes . . . and when lwas born, theydiscussed a number o l f i rs t names, Theywanted to g ive their son a name that wasuncommon - but a lso that representedsomething specia l . They didn' t take long iodecide on SherLock Holmes as he was theirfavour i te l i terary f igure ard they knew no onewould forget me once they'd heard my name,And boy, were they r ight ll r So, how do people in general react when youir t roduce yoursel f to them?5.H: Wel l , I get a l l k inds of react ions real ly

everyth ing f rom the usual 'Where's DrWatson' type comments to people just th i rk ingI 'n being funny.l : car imagine. . And do you rn nd?S.H: No, not at a l l . I never have done I th ink,t l re best react ion was when I was in SanFtancisco one t ime. I went into an el€ctronicslorF .o bJy a

-V, l rF r erk oe' ] ind r he, oun.e

was a yol lng lady about 18 orso when shesaw the narne on rny credi t card she stared at i tfor about 10 fu l l seconds. She s lowly l i f ted h€r'ace [o lool a- mp ana J e ,a io, i . r a l l s nce. ty .I d idn' t know you were real l Wai t ' t i l I te l l myfr iends I saw the real Sher lock Holmesll : No!5.H: Yecl Yo- cou d fave knoL(ed ner over wirr la feather, The expressior on her face was as i fs l red s€en a ghost l twasveryarnusing.l : Given your name, do you leel that you haveany specia l ta lent or abi l i ty to solve myster iesin everyday [ife?S.Hr Wel l , I wi l l say that having such a namedoes mean that people of ten turn to me i fanything unusua I happens. For example, i f I 'mwatchingTV wi th a Fr iend or fami ly member

and a ragic ia- .ones o_ and does ro11e ( ino

of t r ick-al leyes turn to me to expla in howit \ done.l : Real ly? How lunnylS.H: t 's not as i f i 've even ever been interestedin nagic:A vway. about two yeots ago, an o.dfaTi lv f t ierd cLddenlv d i \aopeared i 'or workwith about $7,ooo. His mother hadn' t heardfrom him for days Even though we hadn' tbeen in touch for years, she cal led me af ter thelocal pol ice said they couldn' t heLp To keepher calm, I met her at her son's hoLrse, pul ledout my torch and magni ly ing glass, and s lowlywent through the house looking for cLues.l : And did yoLr actual ly Frd any?S.H: Wel l , fo(unately, he had lef t some oi h isemaiImessages un deleted in h is computersystem. l t seemed to suggest that he'ddel iberately taken the money to leave townand l ive in a warmercl imate which was whatto ld h is mother. In the end, i t turned out thath e ' e a l / e d r e c o u l d n r r e a l l y s t a ' l d n e w . l e o ror ly $/ ,ooo and he returned to iace the just ice

systern t was hard for h im, but lwas pleased

to have worked out what happenedll : iust l ike your namesake . . .

Unit I Recording 7

P: Nick Leeson's l i fe star ted as a c lassic rags-to r iches story. He was born into a workingclass fami ly and lef t school wi th a[most noqudl i - ' ar io s, \o-erhele55, in .h€ ea'v t98os,he got a ser ies oFcler ical jobs wi th d i f ferentbanks, ending up wi th Bar ings, a wel lknowninvestment bank, where he did wel landreceived rapid promotion,

Belore long, he was nrakirg mi l l ions forBar ings by bet i ing on the future di rect ion of.he lapdnese stoc( e^cha_ge. Fiq bos9e5 backir Londo i we'e delg\ ted wirh h i \ la ge pronLsand put more and more t rust i i h im. By theend 011993, he had made more than f lom- about 10% of the tota l prof i t of ihe bank forthat year However, what the bank didn' t knowwas that Leeson had a specia l account wherehe was h ding his loss€s.By Decernber '94 the losses hidden in thataccount tota l led $512 mi l l ion. As the lossesgrew, Leeson requested extra funds tocont inue t rading, hoping to get h imsel f out ofthe mess by more deals. In the end, Leesonmanaged to lose the bank $1.3 bi l t ion andp f f a . t i v a v . l p c r r n v p , l A : r i n o c

As the di rect resuLt of h is actrons, he hadwiped out the 2j3 year o ld Bar ings investmentBank, who proudly counted the Queen as acl ient nvestors saw their savings wiped out ,and some 1,2oo of Leesor 's fe l low employeeslost their jobs.

What became ofLeeson? After golng on iherun, the wor ld 's most wanted man, on thecover of every newspaper, chec(ed rn ona f |ght to Europe using his own name andhiding beneath a basebal l cap. The Germanauthor i t ies were aler ted and the pol ice werethere to arrest Leeson as he touched dowr, nD p c e r b p r r 9 9 5 d ' o . r . i n S i r g d p o r e c F n . e - c e ol ' i -n Io s x a-o a -a l - y"arc - ja , Le is caid fc,have speni a [ot of t ime doirg exerc ise and he' c ^ ! n n , r o n r v f n , n . l c ^ . . 1

He was released eatly, in the summer of1999and, after h s return to the UK, found that

Thpescripts

he was ei iect ively homeless and wi thout ajob. Leeson though, has managed to bounceback and make the most o l h is exper iences,He has made an est imated f5o,ooo Fromhis book, and the fee for sel l ing his storyto the newspapers is repof ted to be aboutthree t imes that amount. lhe story has alsobeen turned into a Fl lm cal led 'Rogue Trader ' ,s taf i ing Ewan lMcGregor

Unit 10 Recording 11 Orce had a premori t ion that somethingawfulwas going to happen to an oldschool f r iend of mine, Carola, who'd movedto Austra l ia and I hadn' t seen ior ages,somehow knew somethjng was going tohappef and then later that day, another f r iendof mine phoied to say that Carola had hadan accident and was in hospi ta l . A few otherth ings l ike that have happen€d recert ly , sonohradays take my premoni t ions a bi t moreser iously than I used to l

2 l t was real ly weird the other day becausewas at my brother 's 3oth b r thday party andwas ta lk ing to some people there . . . And thenin the middle of the conversatron, I suddenlyhad a real lystrong leel ingoFd6ja vu l just fe lthat the whole th ing . . . you know, the place,

t i re people, the exact conversat ion, had al lhappened before in exact ly the same way. tmade me feel qui te strange for a couple ofminutes,

3 l \ , , l o r F a n d m o ' e i n r r y l e . . | - \ I v e . e a r n e o

to t rust my intu i t ion . . . t could be anythingreal ly , l ike decidr fgwhich job to apply for , orknowingwhich road to take i l lget lost , orhavirg a feeLing that someone's ly ing to mel f i n d i f l s t a r t a n a l y s n g t h l n g s a n d t r y i n g t owork i t out , I get confused. But i f I go wi th mygut feel ing, wi thout th in l ( ing about th ings toomuch, t 's funny but f ind I ' rn usual ly r ight .

4 I!4y cousins are twins and th€y have alwaysbeen incredib ly c lose. Now they are older,theyst i l lhave an amazingsixth sense abouteach other They always seem to know whensomething happens to the other one, eveni f they?e rn i l€s apart . 0ne of them knows i lsomething important has happened to th€other one, especia l ly i f they?e in t rouble orhurt in some way.

5 I 've only been Llnconscious once in my l i feand thatwas when I was playing footbat lwrth sorne f r iends. We used to p lay everySunday and I real ly enjoyed i t , but I of ten gotin juredl One day, was knocked urconsciousby someone . . I s t i l ldon' t real ly know how i thappened . . I just remember waking up, ly ingor the grass looking up at a group ofabouttwenty people al ls tar ing down at me, and Ihadn' t got a c lue what was going on

5 | th ink ihat I ' rn a very s ingle-rn inded person- mean, I real ly dr ive mysel f hard to succeedat everyth ing do . . . The other day, I waswonder ing why I let mysel fwork so hard andget so stressed aboui th ings, and I th ink i t 'smaybe because I have a subconscious fear offa i lure. I th ink that deep down, wi thout real lybeing aware of i t most of the t ime, I 'm real lyscared of not succeeding in everyth lng do.Maybe r t 's to do wi th my parents. They alwaysexpected me to be the best atschool

Tapescripts

Unit 10 Recording 2Dialogue 1l=lnterv iewer W=Woman M=Manl: How do you ieelabout PauL McKenna?W: Wpl l . I pc lo I " s p_obab y g- . i rp ny:e. t .t sounds as i f h is c l ients go away sat sf ied Soeven fwe don' t real ly understand how he doesi t , i fyo! ask me, i t doesn' t reaLly matter Hemust be doing someth ng r ight l Some p€opL€wa-l to ( ow I o{ , . \e / t ng wo.,c, bur ' - r infavour o i just accept ing i t f i tworksloryou,and not analys ng th ings too muchl

Dialogue 21: What are your v iews of hypnosis? Do youhave any strong feel ings aboui i i?/ \4: Yes, do l 've always bel ieved that peoplel ike Paul lMcK€nna are just good showmenT0 my mind, i t 's aLl rubbish - he's lust good atb€ing nrce to peopLe, so they?e a bi t happierat the t ime But, I have my doubts about hownruch he can actual ly do for peopL€ rn thelong-term 'm scept cal that hypnos s has anyel f€ct at a l land 'm against people paying fora serv lce and get t ing noih ing r€al in returnI rnean, doubt hypnosis actLraLLy works for

Dialogue 3l r What do you th i ik of hypnosis?Mr Ffom my point of v iew, I have to say thatwhen went for a session to a hypnot is i , i t wasfaf tast ic . l t saved me ny job. mean, I wasabLe to deal wi th the str€ss oi my job muchbetter af ter that and 'm convinced thai i i wasl l F l - \onos's l^"1 helpeo re. fa, t , i l^oar ' lg0ne to the sessiof , suspect lwould 've Lef tm y j o b b y n o w

Unit 10 Recording 3l= lnterv iewer E=Expertl:Welcane ta ll|adern World Ortheprogramme today, we're ta lk ng to jo Car lsonabout the power of persuasion Al l around us,there are images on te levrs ion, j lngles on theradio, adv€rts in rnagazires, sound bi tes onthe n€ws, of fers in the shops They?e al l hardatwor( t ry ing to ma(€ us bel ieve somethingor persuadrng us to buy something, Fear not ,however, Jo Car lson ls here to reveal theirsecreis afd show us how to resist a l l th ispersuasionl HeLLo, jo.

E: Hel lo.l : F i Is t , persuading p€ople is b lg bLrs n€ss,isn ' t i t? mean, superrnarkets and pol i t ic ians,advert isers and salespeopLe, th€y al l take i tvery ser jously, dof ' t they?E: Yes They spend a lot of rnoney on workingoLrt the best psychological t r icks to guaranteethat even the most caut ioUs among us aTeopen t0 manipulat onl : Let 's take supermar(ets then. How do theymake us buy th ings we don t necessar i ly wani?What are some of their f i cks?E: Wel l , f i rs t ly , they t ry to re lax us by playingmusic and by pumping the smel l of f reshly-ba(ed bread into the store. Studies haveshowr that the smeLL mak€s people buy mor€.l : I know l 've done that wi thout even th in ( ingab0ut r tE: Exact ly . rnosi of the t ime, we arecompletely unaware of ! . /hat 's happ€ning. l t 'ssuoconsc ous peTsuaston .l : And what about ' reward' cards?

E: Ah yes Well , from the superr.arket 's pointo l v " w , e w " , l " d , . e a J q e s u . . F s s ( o r / ,As custoraers, we think we're being rewardedior shopping at that part icular sup€rrnarket.What's reaLly happenirg, hou,ever, is that the, . o re s bd , . a l / o - o v enp i no u5 ro s fopL e r " d q d ; , b - l d l s o g e r l g r : t a . i n o I d L o r labout what we?e buying.l : l l lore informat ion to help them work out howto p€rsuad€ us to buy even rnore th ingsE:That 's r ight lE: So, what about the adve. t is ing industry?Whai secrets can you rev€alabout that?ln what ways does l t persLlade us to bLlypart icular products?

E: WeLl . . there 's so much. And no matterhow much w€ thrnk we know about what theadvert isers are dorng . they st i l l tend to w nlWe st i l l ia l l for the advert and end up buyingthe product

l : YesE: BasicaLly, there are two types oiads . . thosethat appeal to the th inking part of our brainand those that appeal to the ernot ionaL part .l : So, for what type of products would theyadv€rt ise by appeal ing to the thrnking part ofour braln?Er WelL, they ar€ rnost ly used for th ingswhich have l i t t le emot onalappeaL, forexample, c leaning products They give usinformat ion about the product and t ry toinf luence us that way However, advertswh;ch go for our emoi ions are usual ly muchmore successful . In using emot ion, advertsexpLoi t psychoanaLyt ical iheor €s about ihesubconscious I mean, they know that imagescaf reach ouT emot lons al a level that we areno. o,^dre oI d_d \o

" e ruc ' 11ore powe. ' - l :

persuading us to do th ingsl : So, what k inds ofemot ions are used?t : W " , d d r " l . f o d i f r e " I o r d n o \ o ' r o t F 5of ien warr lo -1dL e .c Fe. t a l^e belong, -o

example by showing us how to buy the r ightcLothes to f i t in w th our f r iends And advetsior insurance play on our need to f€el safe.For exarnple they might show a iami ly happi lysp€nding their insurance money buying newthi igs when the r house has been burgled.SelFesteem rs an impor iani one too. lMany adsfor luxury products l ik€ expensive cars, workon ma ( ing us feel good about ourselves andthe l i fes iy les that we could havel : CeLebr i l ies are Lrsed a Lot too, ar€n' t they?E: Yes, thatsvery popular Celebr i t ies are of t€nused as a quic l ( way of get t ing the messageacross, Their success and fami l iaf l ty makesthem feeLsaf€, interesi ing, cool , . . whatever. . . We see our favourr te pop star dr inking apart icular f izzy dr ink ard we?e imrn€diatelypersuaded to buy i t l

Unit 10 Recording 51 They persuade us to buy things we may not

2 We carry on using reward cards at th€ samesupermari (et

3 Adverts ior c lothes of ten want to make usfeeL that we belong.

4 l t ry to resist buying expeis ive designefctothes but i t 's d i i f icul t l

5 You could t ry leaving your credi t cafd athom€ fyou don' t want to spend so much

Unit 10 F,ecording 7S=StudentS: i can' t bel ieve that spel l ing is so di f f icul tin Engl ish. In Spanish, i t 's so easyrThere areso many €xcept ions in Engl ish that every t imeihink 've L€arned a ru le, I f ind a word that

breaks i t lBut I do th ink there are sorne qui te n ice wordgin EngLish. I mean, they are hard to spel l , butl ike the fact that some of them are so strange. I ke the g-h- t words, for exarnple . . brought,caught, f ight , . . . you know . . why do they haveg- l r - t?

I th i rk the best way to remember how to spel lwords, is iust to repeat them . . I wr i te themdown lots of t mes and I a lso chant the spel l ingto mysel f . . You know, l ike, for example,b r o u g h t . . s a y B R O U - - c - H - l B- R - - O U G - H - lB R - - 0 - U G H T . l t ' s a b i t l k €brainwashing . or mind contro l . . . in the end,i t wor(s l