Torah & The Land, pt. 5a

Torah-Land Dynamics & Doing JusticeAliens, Refugees & Demographic Wars

Adult Shabbat Class Fall 2010For as the soil makes the sprout come up and a garden causes seeds to grow, so

the Sovereign L-RD will make righteousness and praise spring up before all nations. Isaiah 61:11

Changing Borders and the New Demographic Wars

Sustainment – What the Land can Bear

Gen 13:5-12 Now Lot, who went with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents. And the land could not sustain them while dwelling together, for their possessions were so great that they were not able to remain together. And there was strife between the herdsmen of Abram's livestock and the herdsmen of Lot's livestock. Now the Canaanite and the Perizzite were dwelling then in the land. So Abram said to Lot, "Please let there be no strife between you and me, nor between my herdsmen and your herdsmen, for we are brothers. "Is not the whole land before you? Please separate from me; if to the left, then I will go to the right; or if to the right, then I will go to the left." Lot lifted up his eyes and saw all the valley of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere--this was before the L-RD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah--like the garden of the L-RD, like the land of Egypt as you go to Zoar. So Lot chose for himself all the valley of the Jordan, and Lot journeyed eastward. Thus they separated from each other. Abram settled in the land of Canaan, while Lot settled in the cities of the valley, and moved his tents as far as Sodom.

Genesis 13

Changing Borders: The Amicable Parting of Abraham and Lot

Observations

Grazing land to sustain the flocks that was available to two large groups of itinerant aliens in the land was limiting factor regarding sustainment.

Lot chose the valley near Sodom, ultimately an unfortunate choice.

Lot dwelt in the city while Abram settled in the land of Canaan.

Sustainment – The Rehoboth Well

Gen 26:15-22 Now all the wells which his father's servants had dug in the days of Abraham his father, the Philistines stopped up by filling them with earth. Then Abimelech said to Isaac, "Go away from us, for you are too powerful for us." And Isaac departed from there and camped in the valley of Gerar, and settled there. Then Isaac dug again the wells of water which had been dug in the days of his father Abraham, for the Philistines had stopped them up after the death of Abraham; and he gave them the same names which his father had given them. But when Isaac's servants dug in the valley and found there a well of flowing water, the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with the herdsmen of Isaac, saying, "The water is ours!" So he named the well Esek, because they contended with him. Then they dug another well, and they quarreled over it too, so he named it Sitnah. He moved away from there and dug another well, and they did not quarrel over it; so he named it Rehoboth, for he said, "At last the L-RD has made room for us, and we will be fruitful in the land." Observations

Because of fear of displacement, the wicked, in their haste to run off the righteous will spoil shared resources of which they could make use.

Not only did the wicked wish to spoil existing wells, they demanded every good well with “living water” be handed over to them.

Adonai makes room for his people so they can be fruitful in the land.

Changing Borders: Isaac and the Well Wars

Genesis 26

The Fear of Displacement

Exo 1:7- 12 But the sons of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly, and multiplied, and became exceedingly mighty, so that the land was filled with them. Now a new king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. He said to his people, "Behold, the people of the sons of Israel are more and mightier than we. "Come, let us deal wisely with them, or else they will multiply and in the event of war, they will also join themselves to those who hate us, and fight against us and depart from the land." So they appointed taskmasters over them to afflict them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses. But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread out, so that they were in dread of the sons of Israel.

Exodus 1

Observations

• In this case, the fear of displacement caused the Egyptian King to press the Israelites into involuntary servant-hood and ultimately, slavery.

• Every attempt to suppress the growth of G-D's people fails and Israel continues to expand and grow very numerous.

• The final expression of the pagan approach to avoiding displacement is to engage in some form of genocide, in this case, the destruction of infant boys which led to the incident of Moses and the basket.

Demographic Conflict

Aliens, Strangers, and Sojourners

Num 21:21-25 Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon, king of the Amorites, saying, "Let me pass through your land. We will not turn off into field or vineyard; we will not drink water from wells. We will go by the king's highway until we have passed through your border." But Sihon would not permit Israel to pass through his border. So Sihon gathered all his people and went out against Israel in the wilderness, and came to Jahaz and fought against Israel. Then Israel struck him with the edge of the sword, and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, as far as the sons of Ammon; for the border of the sons of Ammon was Jazer. Israel took all these cities and Israel lived in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all her villages.

Numbers 21

Demographic Conflict: The Migration of Israel to Canaan

Observations:

Israel originally requested safe passage through Edom but was denied with threats. Rather than provoke a conflict, Israel turned aside and left.

Israel makes the same appeal to the Amorites who do not just threaten force, they come out, attacked Israel, and were defeated with much loss.

Israel's request of safe passage through the land was not unreasonable and was a legitimate request from a displaced people heading home.

Strangers, Sojourners, & AliensTorah Commandments on the Commonwealth and the Alien

Exodus, Leviticus, DeuteronomyExo 22:21 "You shall not wrong a stranger or oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.

Exo 23:9 "You shall not oppress a stranger, since you yourselves know the feelings of a stranger, for you also were strangers in the land of Egypt.

Lev 19:9-10 'Now when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the very corners of your field, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest. 'Nor shall you glean your vineyard, nor shall you gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the needy and for the stranger. I am the L-RD your G-D.

Lev 19:33-34 'When a stranger resides with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong. 'The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as the native among you, and you shall love him as yourself, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt; I am the L-RD your G-D.

Deu 16:10-11, 13-14 "Then you shall celebrate the Feast of Weeks to the L-RD your G-D with a tribute of a freewill offering of your hand, which you shall give just as the L-RD your G-D blesses you; and you shall rejoice before the L-RD your G-D, you and your son and your daughter and your male and female servants and the Levite who is in your town, and the stranger and the orphan and the widow who are in your midst, in the place where the L-RD your G-D chooses to establish His name. [...] "You shall celebrate the Feast of Booths seven days after you have gathered in from your threshing floor and your wine vat; and you shall rejoice in your feast, you and your son and your daughter and your male and female servants and the Levite and the stranger and the orphan and the widow who are in your towns.

The Stranger and Alien deserves Justice, is the recipient of Mercy, and is invited into Fellowship with Israel and Israel's G-D.

Note that the source of assistance to the stranger is private property.

Mechanisms of Displacement

GENOCIDE

OPPRESSION

SCARCITY

CONFLICT

Flight from Scarcity

Gen 12:10 Now there was a famine in the land; so Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine was severe in the land.

Gen 26:1-2 Now there was a famine in the land, besides the previous famine that had occurred in the days of Abraham. So Isaac went to Gerar, to Abimelech king of the Philistines.

Gen 47:4 They said to Pharaoh, "We have come to sojourn in the land, for there is no pasture for your servants' flocks, for the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. Now, therefore, please let your servants live in the land of Goshen."

OBSERVATIONS

In Abraham and Isaac's times famine displaced their family units for a short term in Egypt and Philistia respectively.

In the times of Joseph, the people were displaced for what turned out to be 400 years showing that displacement can become long term.

A famine that drove Naomi and her family to Moab also impacted the course of Israel's history and the line of Messiah Himself.

All these famines had a providential purpose.

Case Study: Displacement due to Famine

Genesis 12, 26, & 47

Oppression and WarCase Study: Displacement due to Conflict

2Sa 15:13-14 Then a messenger came to David, saying, "The hearts of the men of Israel are with Absalom." David said to all his servants who were with him at Jerusalem, "Arise and let us flee, for otherwise none of us will escape from Absalom. Go in haste, or he will overtake us quickly and bring down calamity on us and strike the city with the edge of the sword."

Luke 21:20-23 "But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then recognize that her desolation is near. "Then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains, and those who are in the midst of the city must leave, and those who are in the country must not enter the city; because these are days of vengeance, so that all things which are written will be fulfilled. "Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing babies in those days; for there will be great distress upon the land and wrath to this people;

2 Samuel 15, Luke 21, Acts 8

Act 8:1 Saul was in hearty agreement with putting him to death. And on that day a great persecution began against the church in Jerusalem, and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles.

Death by Government Case Study: The Problem of Genocide

Source: 20th Century Democide

Genocide: Killing of people by a government because of their indelible group membership (race, ethnicity, religion, language).

Politicide: Murder of any person or people by a government because of their politics or for political purposes.

Mass Murder: Indiscriminate killing of any person or people by a government.

Democide: Murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder.

Religious men kill their millions, irreligious men kill their 100s of millions

Values in this table in millions – ie 76,702,000 for China (PRC) and 729,000 for Indonesia.

The L-RD of the NationsThe Nation State: Divine or Human Construct?

Genesis & Acts

Act 17:24-26 "The G-D who made the world and all things in it, since He is L-RD of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands; nor is He served by human hands, as though He needed anything, since He Himself gives to all people life and breath and all things; and He made from one man every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation, ...

Gen 10:32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their genealogies, by their nations; and out of these the nations were separated on the earth after the flood.

Gen 11:7 "Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, so that they will not understand one another's speech." So the L-RD scattered them abroad from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the L-RD confused the language of the whole earth; and from there the L-RD scattered them abroad over the face of the whole earth.

Nations are G-D's idea and He is the one who established them in history.

National boundaries are established by G-D for his purposes.

Evil men scheme regarding the Nations but G-D has a plan that will not fail.

“[The Table of Nations ]stands absolutely alone in ancient literature, without a remote parallel, even among the Greeks, where we find the closest approach to a distribution of peoples in genealogical framework. … The Table of Nations remains an astonishingly accurate document” - William F. Albright

Source: http://www.avakesh.com/2009/10/index.html

Modern Demographic Warfare Demographic Armament – 1 Samuel 16

If a society has low birth rate even minimal wartime casualties will create disproportionate pain back home that a clever enemy's propaganda can exploit.

When a society has high birth rates, it can absorb casualties and replenish forces easily. Consider 1 Samuel 16 we see Jesse has 8 sons including David, 3 of which followed Saul into battle.

Soft Invasion – Genesis 34:23 Immigration with the intent to gain numerical political control of a nation. High birth rate is an offensive weapon of soft invasion and is the defensive weapon of the

indigenous population.

Youth Bulge: The Security Demographic Larger number of youth than a nation's economy can absorb creating opportunities for

military adventurism, terrorist recruitment, or gang membership.

Demographic Capitulation – Psalm 127:5 Any civilization where the ratio of adults 40-44 infants 0-4 is less than 1.3. Hence the

Scriptural “blessedness” of having a quiver full of children (Psalm 127:5).

Demographic Recession – Proverbs 14:28 A dip in the population between the ages of 46 and 50 creates a drop in the group with the

highest buying power and the greatest disposable income.

Of the Children of the wicked there are always too many, while of the Children of the Righteous, there are never enough.

Israel vs. Palestinian AuthorityCase Study: Rules of Engagement

Israel accepts Jews from all over the world and refugees seeking asylum

Israel allows Arabs and Muslims to obtain full citizenship.

Israel allows people of all nationalities, including Palestinians, to hold jobs as guest workers

Israel occupies no territory that was not either purchased legally or captured from foreign aggressors.

Israel protects the shrines of other faiths.

Palestinians can squat on Israel state land and build homes, but international pressure is being applied to prevent Israelis from building on their own land.

Arab Nations refuse Palestinian refugees

Palestinian Authority (PA) accepts Palestinian refugees only through “right of return.”

Jews cannot be citizens of the PA state which aims at being “Judenrein”

The PA cannot employ its own people therefore it cannot provide jobs for others

The inhabitants originally in the West Bank and Golan voluntarily left prior to the Arab League invasion.

PA allows destruction of synagogues and their replacement with mosques.

No Jew can build in PA controlled territory.

Judaism and Islam Claim the Scripture cited above. Who Obeys it?

Refugee “Transfer” or “Exchange”? Israel’s “Open door” policy

The Rise of EUrabia?

“One day, millions of men will leave the Southern Hemisphere to go to the Northern Hemisphere. And they will not go there as friends. Because they will go there to conquer it. And they will conquer it with their sons. The wombs of our women will give us victory.”– Houari (Mohamed) Boumedienne, President of Algeria, 1965 – 1978, in a 1974 speech at the UN

"There are signs that Allah will grant victory to Islam in Europe without swords, without guns, without conquest. we don't need terrorists, we don't need homicide bombers. The 50+ million Muslims [in Europe] will turn it into a Muslim continent within a few decades."− Muammar Gaddafi, Supreme Leader of Libya

"Islam makes it incumbent on all adult males, provided they are not disabled and incapacitated, to prepare themselves for the conquest of [other] countries so that the writ of Islam is obeyed in every country in the world. "− Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran's Supreme Leader from 1979 to 1989.

“The whole of Europe will become Islamic. Like the army of the sultan we will conquer Rome.”− Former Turkish Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan, June 2002

Case Study: Strategy of Displacement

The Islamic Clerics and Potentates Speak

“One of the most painful aspects of Muslim demographic warfare is the open attempt by Muslims to grab non-Muslim girls to use them for their own demographic ambitions, meanwhile also inflicting a good dose of humiliation on the accursed kafirs.” - Koenraad Elst (as reported by Daniel Pipes)

Bibliography

Immigration, Aliens & Demographics

ANDERSON, Wanni W. & Robert G. LEE. Displacements and Diasporas: Asians in the Americas. Rutgers University Press, 2005.

AVNERI, Arieh L. Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land Settlement and the Arabs, 1878-1948. Transaction Publications, 1984

BRETTEL, Caroline B. & James F. HOLLIFIELD. Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines. Routledge; 2 ed., 2007.

CARROLL, M. Daniel. Christians at the Border: Immigration, the Church, and the Bible. Baker Academic, 2008.

CASTLES, Stephen & Mark J. MILLER. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. The Guilford Press, Fourth Ed., 2009.

COHEN, Robin. Global Diasporas: An Introduction. University of Washington Press, 1997.

DAVID PROJECT. The Forgotten Refugees: A film about the mass exodus of Jews from Arab countries and Iran in the 20th century (DVD) ISRATV, 2005.

Bibliography

Immigration, Aliens & Demographics

DE GUCHTENEIRE, Paul, Antoine PECOUD & Ryszard CHOLEWINSKY. Migration and Human Rights: The United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers' Rights. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

FRASER, Nancy. Scales of Justice: Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World. Columbia University Press, 2008.

GIBNEY, Matthew J. The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

GROODY, Daniel G. & Gioacchino CAMPESE. A Promised Land, A Perilous Journey: Theological Perspectives on Migration. University of Notre Dame Press, 2008.

HELTON, Arthur C. The Price of Indifference: Refugees and Humanitarian Action in the New Century. Oxford University Press, 2002.

HOFFMEIER, James K. The Immigration Crisis: Immigrants, Aliens, and the Bible. Crossway Books, 2005.

KIERNAN, Ben. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press, 2009.

Bibliography

Immigration, Aliens & Demographics LAQUEUR, Walter.

Generation Exodus: The Fate of Young Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany. I.B. Tauris & Company, Ltd., 2004.

LISCHER, Sarah Kenyon. Dangerous Sanctuaries: Refugee Camps, Civil War, And the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid. Cornell University Press, 2006.

MARFLEET, Philip. Refugees in a Global Era. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. MASALHA, Nur.

Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948. Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992.

NAGGAR, David. The Case for A Larger Israel. DaJe, 2007. NICHIPORUK, Brian. The Security Dynamics of Demographic Factors. RAND Corporation,

2000. NORTH, Douglass C., John J. WALLIS & Barry R. WEINGAST.

Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees. The State of the World's Refugees: Human Displacement in the New Millennium. Oxford University Press, 2006.

RUMMEL, Rudy J. The Blue Book of Freedom: Ending Famine, Poverty, Democide, and War. Cumberland House Pub., 2007.

Bibliography

Immigration, Aliens & Demographics RUMMEL, Rudy J. Never Again: Ending War, Democide

, & Famine Through Democratic Freedom. Llumina Press, 2005. --------. Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900. Lit Verlag, 1999. SASSEN, Saskia. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages.

Princeton University Press, 2007. SEGAL, Benjamin J. Returning: The Land of Israel as Focus in Jewish History. iUniverse,

2005. SHEFFER, Gabriel. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. Cambridge University Press,

2006. SOERENS, Matthew.

Welcoming the Stranger: Justice, Compassion & Truth in the Immigration Debate. Intervarsity Press, 2009.

STONE, Julius. Israel and Palestine: Assault on the Law of Nations. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.

VALENTINO, Benjamin. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. Cornell University Press, 2005.

Torah & The Land, pt.5b

Torah-Land Dynamics & Doing Justice

Human Trafficking & SlaveryAdult Shabbat Class Fall 2010

For as the soil makes the sprout come up and a garden causes seeds to grow, so the Sovereign L-RD will make righteousness and praise spring up before all

nations. Isaiah 61:11

Total Alienation…Slavery!!!

LAND

MASTER?

Disposable

PEOPLE

TORAHLoss

of standard

Loss of o

wnership

Loss of freedom

Loss of inheritance

Human Trafficking, Symptom of Terminal Breakdown

Twisted sense ofhuman value!

Am I my brother’s keeper? Gen 1:26-27

G-D’s Perspective of Human Value

G-D upholds cause of the oppressed Ps 9:9-12; Ps 146:7

Determining human value Gen 1:27

“Least of these” Matt 25:31-46

Justice: The forgotten 3rd leg…

Micah 6:8

Slavery: What does G-D say?When is Slavery Permissible According to the Torah?

War captives from surrounding nations caught in defensive wars (except during conquest) Deut 21:10-14

Bought from surrounding nations or aliens in the land Lev 25:44-45

Voluntary servitude Ex 21:5-6

‘Eved Avadim’ = lowest of slaves (punishment for crime) could lead to servitude Gen 9:25; Prov 6:30-31

Indentured servitude (debt) is not slavery Lev 25:39-40

Duty to protect fugitive slaves Deut 23:15

Countryman’s release every 7th year Ex 21:2

The multiplicity of laws regarding slaves in Torah show G-D’s concern for safeguarding their welfare

The Evil of Human Trafficking

NO SOCIAL VALUE

» Sexual Violence» Slavery (labor, sex) » Illegal Detention» Police Collusion & Brutality» Illegal Property Seizure» Sex Trafficking

FOUR-FOLD PURPOSE

» Victim Rescue & Relief» Perpetrator Accountability» Victim Aftercare» Structural Transformation

Become a Freedom Partner – Rom 10:15

Ps 82:1-3

Love Mercy, Do JusticeWalk Humbly with your G-D

Humble ourselves

See Josiah 2 Chr 34:22-28 Pray - 2 Chr 7:14 Hold slaveholders

accountable 1 Tim 1:9-11; 5:20-21

Micah 6:8

What Can I Do?

Slavery thrives in the shadows. The battle to end slavery begins by revealing it. Learn how to spot a victim of trafficking. Look for signs of

trafficking. Listen for indications of trafficking. Victims are often hidden in plain view. 

You can pray, educate others, donate, serve, advocate and report trafficking suspicion at national or local hotline

You can also report an incident once it has already been investigated (slavery map, USA)

National Hotline 1 (888) 373-7888 Local Hotline (817) 296-2778

Social Entrepreneurship & CharityWho determines social value? 2 Kings 4:1

Finding new and better ways to create social value

Becoming innovative, opportunity-oriented, resourceful, value-creating change agents.

Goal is not to make the most profit, but to adopt a mission to create and sustain social value

Lasting improvements better than quick fixes See opportunities where others see problems Seek innovative ways to assure access to needed

resources as long as venture creates value Combine pure philanthropy with business /

commercial sense High level of accountability to constituencies

served & outcomes created Provide real social improvements to their

communities & attractive social/financial return to investors

Attack underlying causes of problems rather than simply treat symptoms

When Helping Hurts: Alleviating Poverty Without Hurting the Poor. . .and Ourselves

Fair Trade: When is it a fraud?

Who decides what’s “fair”? “Just” may not be “fair”

Imposed by the state Anti-dumping & artificial shortages Quotas & arbitrary tariffs Free trade restrictions Protectionism = forced charity

Can’t force Charity Mandated FT restricts free trade Undermines competition checks & bal. Mandated foreign aid is harmful Wealth redistribution disguised (socialist) Charity is private affair (grassroots FT) No partiality to rich or poor - Lev 19:15

What shall we do? Fruit of repentance - Luke 3:7-14 Practical benefits – Is 58:5-14

“In practice fair trade means,

From each according to what politicians demand to each according to what politicians

choose to give”

James Bovard

• Creating Opportunities for Economically and Socially Marginalized Producers

• Developing Transparent and Accountable Relationships

• Building Capacity (of Producers)• Promoting Fair Trade (Alternative Supply Chain)• Paying Promptly and Fairly

Jas 5:4; Deut 24:14-15,1; Deut 25:15• Supporting Safe and Empowering Working

Conditions• Ensuring the Rights of Children• Cultivating Environmental Stewardship• Respecting Cultural Identity

Fair Trade Video

Inalienable Tie Between the Land and its People

■ Curse for disobedience Deut 28:38-47; Jer 34

:13-17

■ Though Adonai displaces people and allows their enslavement for a while, he does not cut them off totally from the land

Jer 32:33,39,41-44

■ Case study 1: Dubai displacement & enslavement

■ Case study 2: Mumbai City Dump squatters (55% slums)

■ What does the land look like when the community lives righteously with one another?

■ Land cares for people who care for the land…and one another!

“Remember You Were Once Slaves”The Individual Nature of the Redemption of Slaves

The Hebrew word for servant (eved) is the same as the word for slave.

Avadut = bondage. If a family was in bondage, a man lost prerogative of marriage if he was not already married.

If his master provided a wife for him and he had children, he might be redeemed, but his wife and children stayed with the master.

Similarly, when Adam & Eve sold themselves into slavery to sin, all their seed were born in the captivity of sin.

The redemption of each in Messiah Yeshua applies to each individually.

A man is a slave to whatever has mastered him A man is a slave to whatever has mastered him 2 Pet 2:192 Pet 2:19

I tell you the truth, everyone who sins is a slave to sin I tell you the truth, everyone who sins is a slave to sin John 8:34John 8:34

Parable of the Unforgiving Servant

When the King ComesWhen the King Comes

““Now won't G-D grant Now won't G-D grant justice to his chosen justice to his chosen people who cry out to people who cry out to him day and night? Is him day and night? Is he delaying long over he delaying long over them? I tell you that he them? I tell you that he will judge in their favor, will judge in their favor, and quickly! But when and quickly! But when the Son of Man comes, the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the will he find faith on the earth at all?” earth at all?” Luke Luke 18:7-818:7-8

Bibliography

On Social Justice, Global Slavery & Fair Trade

BATSTONE, David. Not for Sale: The Return of the Global Slave Trade--and How We Can Fight It. HarperOne, 2007.

BORNSTEIN, David. How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas. Oxford University Press, 2007.

BOVARD, James. The Fair Trade Fraud. Palgrave Macmillan, 1992. BRINCKERHOFF, Peter C.

Social Entrepreneurship : The Art of Mission-Based Venture Development. Wiley, 2000. BUDZISZEWSKI, J. True Tolerance: Liberalism and the Necessity of Judgment. Transaction

Pub, 1999. DEES, J. Gregory, Jed EMERSON & Peter ECONOMY.

Strategic Tools for Social Entrepreneurs: Enhancing the Performance of Your Enterprising Nonprofit. Wiley, 2002.

DeSTEFANO, Anthony M. The War on Human Trafficking: U.S. Policy Assessed. Rutgers University Press, 2008.

ELKINGTON, John & Pamela HARTIGAN. The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets That Change the World. Harvard Business School Press, 2008.

Bibliography

On Social Justice, Global Slavery & Fair Trade

FIKKERT, Brian, Steve CORBETT & John PERKINS. When Helping Hurts: Alleviating Poverty Without Hurting the Poor. . .and Ourselves. Moody Publishers, 2009.

----------. Walking With the Poor: Principles and Practices of Transformational Development . Orbis Books, 1999.

HAUGEN, Gary. Good News About Injustice: A Witness of Courage in a Hurting World. IVP Books, 2009.

----------. Just Courage: God's Great Expedition for the Restless Christian. IVP, 2008. ----------.

Terrify No More: Young Girls Held Captive and the Daring Undercover Operation to Win Their Freedom. Thomas Nelson, 2005.

HUNTER, Zach. Be the Change: Your Guide to Freeing Slaves and Changing the World. Zondervan/Youth Specialties, 2007.

LIVERMORE, David A. Serving with Eyes Wide Open: Doing Short-Term Missions with Cultural Intelligence . Baker Books, 2006.

LYNCH, Kevin & Julius WALLS. Mission, Inc.: The Practitioners Guide to Social Enterprise. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2009.

MYERS, Bryant L. Working with the Poor: New Insights and Learnings from Development Practitioners. Authentic, 2008.

Bibliography

On Social Justice, Global Slavery & Fair Trade

NORTH, Gary. Victim's Rights: The Biblical View of Civil Justice. Institute for Christian Economics , 1990.

SKINNER, E. Benjamin. A Crime So Monstrous: Face-to-Face with Modern-Day Slavery. Free Press, 2009.

WOLK, Andrew & Kelley KREITZ. Business Planning for Enduring Social Impact: A Social-Entrepreneurial Approach to Solving Social Problems. Root Cause, 2008.

YUNUS, Muhamad. Banker To The Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty. PublicAffairs, rev. & upd. pbk. ed., 2003.

Human Trafficking Websites

Traffick 911 (Fort Worth)

International Justice Mission

Exodus Cry (International Prayer Ministry)

FAAST International

Not for Sale

Free2Work

Free The Captives (Houston)

Eden Ministries (China)

The Sold Project (Thailand)

Nightlight International

Shared Hope International

Free The Slaves

Invisible Children (Uganda)

Live2Free

World Hope International

Project Rescue

IAST Initiative Against Sexual Trafficking

Polaris Project

US Department of State: 1.888.3737.888

Office to Combat and Monitor Trafficking in Persons

Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report

US Laws on Human Trafficking

U.S. DoJ. Trafficking Task Force