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MYSTERIES,LEGENDS, ANDUNEXPLAINED PHENOMENA
UFOS AND ALIENS
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MYSTERIES, LEGENDS, AND
UNEXPLAINED PHENOMENA
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MYSTERIES,LEGENDS, ANDUNEXPLAINED PHENOMENAMYSTERIES,
LEGENDS,AND
UNEXPLAINED PHENOMENA
UFOS AND ALIENS
PRESTON DENNETT
Consulting Editor: Rosemary Ellen Guiley
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UFOs and aliens
Copyright 2008 by Inobase Publishing
All rights reserved. No part o this book may be reproduced or utilized in any orm or byany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any in-ormation storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing rom the publisher.For inormation contact:
Chelsea HouseAn imprint o Inobase Publishing132 West 31st StreetNew York NY 10001
lbrry o Cogr Ctogg--Pubcto dtDennett, Preston E., 1965-UFOs and aliens / Preston Dennett ; consulting editor, Rosemary Ellen Guiley.
p. cm. (Mysteries, legends, and unexplained phenomena)Includes bibliographical reerences and index.ISBN-13: 978-0-7910-9384-9ISBN-10: 0-7910-9384-01. Unidentied fying objectsSightings and encounters. 2. Human-alien encounters.
I. Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. II. Title. III. Series.TL789.3.D463 2008
001.942dc222007029621
Chelsea House books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantitiesor businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special SalesDepartment in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
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Text design by James Scotto-LavinoCover design by Ben PetersonCover illustration by Robert M. Place
Printed in the United States o America
Bang EJB 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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All links and Web addresses were checked and veried to be correct at the time o pub-lication. Because o the dynamic nature o the Web, some addresses and links may have
changed since publication and may no longer be valid.
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Contents
Foreword 7
Introduction 13
1 Ancient Astronauts 15
2 The Sighting That Changed the World 29
3 When UFOs Land 49
4 Taken Onboard 63
5 UFO Crashes 81
6 Conspiracies and Cover-ups 95
7 UFO Hoaxes 107
8 Conclusions 115
Timeline 117
Glossary 125
Endnotes 129
Further Resources 133
Bibliography 137
Index 141
About the Author 151
About the Consulting Editor 152
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Did you ever have an experience that turned your whole world up-
side down? Maybe you saw a ghost or a UFO. Perhaps you had an
unusual, vivid dream that seemed real. Maybe you suddenly knew thata certain event was going to happen in the uture. Or, perhaps you saw
a creature or a being that did not t the description o anything known
in the natural world. At rst you might have thought your imagination
was playing tricks on you. Then, perhaps, you wondered about what
you experienced and went looking or an explanation.
Every day and night people have experiences they cant explain.
For many people these events are lie changing. Their comort zone
o what they can accept as real is put to the test. It takes only one
such experience or people to question the reality o the mysterious
worlds that might exist beyond the one we live in. Perhaps you havent
encountered the unknown, but you have an intense curiosity about
it. Either way, by picking up this book youve started an adventure
to explore and learn more, and youve come to the right place! The
book you hold has been written by a leading expert in the paranor-
malsomeone who understands unusual experiences and who knows
the answers to your questions.
As a seeker o knowledge, you have plenty o company. Mythol-
ogy, olklore, and records o the past show that human beings have
had paranormal experiences throughout history. Even prehistoric cave
paintings and gravesites indicate that early humans had concepts o
the supernatural and o an aterlie. Humans have always sought to
understand paranormal experiences and to put them into a rame o
reerence that makes sense to us in our daily lives. Some o the greatest
Foreword
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UFOs and aliensi
minds in history have grappled with questions about the paranormal.
For example, Greek philosopher Plato pondered the nature o dreamsand how we travel during them. Isaac Newton was interested in the
esoteric study o alchemy, which has magical elements, and St. Thomas
Aquinas explored the nature o angels and spirits. Philosopher William
James joined organizations dedicated to psychical research, and even
the inventor o the light bulb, Thomas Alva Edison, wanted to build
a device that could talk to the dead. More recently physicists such as
David Bohm, Stephen Hawking, William Tiller, and Michio Kaku
have developed ideas that may help explain how and why paranormal
phenomena happen, and neuroscience researchers like Michael Pers-
inger have explored the nature o consciousness.
Exactly what is a paranormal experience or phenomenon? Para
is derived rom a Latin term or beyond. So paranormal means
beyond normal, or things that do not t what we experience through
our ve senses alone and which do not ollow the laws we observe in
nature and in science. Paranormal experiences and phenomena run thegamut rom the awesome and marvelous, such as angels and miracles,
to the downright terriying, such as vampires and werewolves.
Paranormal experiences have been consistent throughout the ages,
but explanations o them have changed as societies, cultures, and tech-
nologies have changed. For example, our ancestors were much closer
to the invisible realms. In times when lie was simpler, they saw, elt,
and experienced other realities on a daily basis. When night ell, the
darkness was thick and quiet, and it was easier to see unusual things,such as ghosts. They had no electricity to keep the night lit up. They
had no media or constant communication and entertainment. Travel
was dicult. They had more time to notice subtle things that were
just beyond their ordinary senses. Few doubted their experiences.
They accepted the invisible realms as an extension o ordinary lie.
Today we have many distractions. We are constantly busy rom
the time we wake up until we go to bed. The world is ull o light
and noise 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We have television, the
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Internet, computer games, and cell phones to keep us busy, busy, busy.
We are ruled by technology and science. Yet, we still have paranormalexperiences very similar to those o our ancestors. Because these oc-
currences do not t neatly into science and technology, many people
think they are illusions, and there are plenty o skeptics always ready
to debunk the paranormal and reinorce that idea.
In roughly the past 100 years, though, some scientists have studied
the paranormal and attempted to nd scientic evidence or it. Psychic
phenomena have proven dicult to observe and measure according to
scientic standards. However, lack o scientic proo does not mean
paranormal experiences do not happen. Courageous scientists are still
looking or bridges between science and the supernatural.
My personal experiences are behind my lielong study o the para-
normal. Like many children I had invisible playmates when I was very
young, and I saw strange lights in the yard and woods that I instinc-
tively knew were the nature spirits who lived there. Children seem
to be very open to paranormal phenomena, but their ability to havethese experiences oten ades away as they become more involved in
the outside world, or, perhaps, as adults tell them not to believe in what
they experience, that its only in their imagination. Even when I was
very young, I was puzzled that other people would tell me with great
authority that I did not experience what I knew I did.
A major reason or my interest in the paranormal is precogni-
tive dreaming experienced by members o my amily. Precognition
means ore knowing, or knowing the uture. My mother had a loto psychic experiences, including dreams o uture events. As a teen
it seemed amazing to me that dreams could show us the uture. I was
determined to learn more about this and to have such dreams mysel.
I ound books that explained extrasensory perception, the knowing
o inormation beyond the ve senses. I learned about dreams and
experimented with them. I taught mysel to visit distant places in my
dreams and to notice details about them that I could later veriy in the
physical world. I learned how to send people telepathic messages in
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10 UFOs and aliensi
dreams and how to receive messages in dreams. Every night became
an exciting adventure.Those interests led me to other areas o the paranormal. Pretty
soon I was engrossed in studying all kinds o topics. I learned dier-
ent techniques or divination, including the Tarot. I learned how to
meditate. I took courses to develop my own psychic skills, and I gave
psychic readings to others. Everyone has at least some natural psychic
ability and can improve it with attention and practice.
Next I turned my attention to the skies, to uology, and what
might be out there in space. I studied the lore o angels and air-
ies. I delved into the dark shadowy realm o demons and monsters.
I learned the principles o real magic and spell casting. I undertook
investigations o haunted places. I learned how to see auras and do
energy healing. I even participated in some ormal scientic labora-
tory experiments or telepathy.
My studies led me to have many kinds o experiences that have
enriched my understanding o the paranormal. I cannot say that I canprove anything in scientic terms. It may be some time yet beore
science and the paranormal stop firting with each other and really get
together. Meanwhile, we can still learn a great deal rom our personal
experiences. At the very least, our paranormal experiences contribute
to our inner wisdom. I encourage others to do the same as I do. Look
rst or natural explanations o strange phenomena. I natural expla-
nations cannot be ound or seem unlikely, consider paranormal expla-
nations. Many paranormal experiences all into a vague area, wherealthough a natural cause might exist, we simply dont know what could
explain them. In that case I tell people to trust their intuition that they
had a paranormal experience. Sometimes the explanation makes itsel
known later on.
I have concluded rom my studies and experiences that invisible
dimensions are layered upon our world, and that many paranormal
experiences occur when there are openings between worlds. The
doorways oten open at unexpected times. You take a trip, visit a
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haunted place, or have a strange dreamand suddenly reality shits.
You get a glimpse behind the curtain that separates the ordinaryrom the extraordinary.
The books in this series will introduce you to these exciting and
mysterious subjects. Youll learn many things that will astonish you.
Youll be given lots o tips or how to explore the paranormal on
your own. Paranormal investigation is a popular eld, and you dont
have to be a scientist or a ull-time researcher to explore it. There
are many things you can do in your ree time. The knowledge you
gain rom these books will help prepare you or any unusual and
unexpected experiences.
As you go deeper into your study o the paranormal, you may come
up with new ideas or explanations. Thats one o the appealing aspects
o paranormal investigationthere is always room or bold ideas. So,
keep an open and curious mind, and think big. Mysterious worlds are
waiting or you!
Rosemary Ellen Guiley
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Introduction
Each year, thousands o people report seeing strange, unidentied
fying objects, or UFOs, in the sky. Some people also claim to
have seen the UFO occupants or even that they themselves have beentaken onboard! Unidentied fying objects have puzzled humanity or
thousands o years. What are these strange objects in the sky? Where
do they come rom and why are they here?
The act is, UFOs are seen all across the planet, on every one o
the seven continents, in hundreds o dierent countries, and even
over the oceans. They have been observed by all kinds o people
rom all walks o lie, including police ocers, pilots, scientists,
astronautseven President Jimmy Carter reported seeing a UFO!
They come in many dierent shapes, sizes, and colors. They can
move at great speeds or hover perectly still in the sky. They have
been reported or centuries and continue to be reported today. There
are now several thousand reports on record, yet nobody knows or
sure exactly what UFOs are.
To be scientic, its necessary to take an objective look at the evi-
dence. The question is not: Are UFOs real? People are denitely
seeingsomething. The question is: What exactly are they seeing?
This book will explore the ascinating history o the UFO phe-
nomenon, dating rom ancient times to the present day. This journey
through time will visit the various cultures o the world as they en-
counter UFOs or the rst time. It begins with the Egyptians and Ro-
mans who encountered UFOs thousands o years ago, and then moves
on to Medieval and Renaissance encounters, ollowed by sightings in
the 1800s, the incredible airship wave o 1897, the oo fightr o
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14 UFOs and aliensi
World War II, and the beginning o the Modern Age o UFOs start-
ing in 1947.Many o the worlds best-veried and most exciting cases are
covered in detail, as are the scenes o the worlds most intense UFO
waves, where strange objects hovered over peoples homes, chased cars
down highways, and perormed incredible maneuvers in the sky. This
book also examines the most amous UFO landing cases and describes
instances when aliens exited their spacecrat to conront surprised
humans.
The 1960s brought the rst cases o UFO abductions and onboard
experiences. This book will describe ace-to-ace encounters with
extraterrestrials and explore what its (reportedly) like to be taken
onboard a fyg ucrand meet with what appears to be extrater-
restrials rom other planets.
Today, the UFO phenomenon has become even more complicated
with claims o UFO crashes and government cover-ups. The most
amous cases o this kind are the Roswell UFO crash o 1947 and theKecksburg, Pennsylvania UFO crash o 1965. Eorts by the United
States government to investigate UFOs have included the United
States Air Forces (UsaF) well-known Projct Bu Bookand the
ar 51 story. All o this is explored and examined in this volume.
Are UFOs real? Are they riendly or hostile? What should one
do upon seeing a UFO? This book answers all o these questions and
more through an incredible journey exploring one o the most per-
plexing and persistent mysteries o modern times: aliens and UFOs.
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1
A Aoau
It is thousands o years ago, and a small group o early humans cower in
a cave. Suddenly, they look up to see a weird shiny object hovering above
them. As they watch, the object lands, and a short gure with shiny clothing exits.
Ater a ew minutes, the creature returns to the object and departs. Aterwards,
the amazed early humans are unable to ully understand the event. However,
they do record the encounter in the only way they know howwith art.
While the above scenario is ctional, incidents like this may haveactually provided the rst evidence o early UFO visitations.
I there is one thing that uologists are sure about, its that UFOs
have been visiting Earth or a long, long time. But the question re-
mains: Exactly how long have they been here? This is not so easy to
answer. It seems that the arther back one looks in time, the more
clues there are to nd.
To examine these clues, it is necessary to travel back in time thou-
sands o years, to an era when humans were just beginning to learnthe basics o civilization, including construction, agriculture, writing,
and, most importantly here, art.
Ancient e.t. Art
Numerous ancient stone carvings, rock paintings, and mysterious
monuments throughout the world hint that extraterrestrials (E.T.s)
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may have visited this planet in the distant past. Granite carvings in
Hunan, Asia, or example, show human gures gazing into the skyat hovering, cylindrical objects on which other people are standing.
These look much like todays UFO reports. The only problem is,
these carvings are dated around 45,000 bce!
Petroglyphs in Toro Muerto, Peru, show gures with large trans-
parent helmets. These rock carvings are dated at about 11,000 bce.
On the Tassili plateau in the Sahara Desert are sculpted rock g-
ures, also with large, round heads, like helmets. These statues date
back to around 6000 bce.
Figures carved into rock in Lomoukai, Nambu Province in Arica
depict gures in what appear to be modern spacesuits. These carvings
are dated to around 4300 bce.
Another example comes rom the Australian Aborigines. Numer-
ous ancient rock paintings depict short, robed gures with large star-
ing eyes and huge helmet-like heads, again the typical description o
an extraterrestrial. These images are known to be 3,000 years old.More clues come rom a wide variety o cultures. An early Colom-
bian artiact looks almost exactly like the space shuttle. A clay sculp-
ture rom a pre-Japanese culture shows what looks like an astronaut
inside a pressurized spacesuit. Both o these artiacts are at least 3,000
years old.
Why do so many dierent cultures across the world create these
strange gures? Could aliens and UFOs have inspired them? Interest-
ingly, many early cultures have myths and legends about wise God-like beings that came rom the sky to teach humanity.
Mysterious places like Easter Island, Stonehenge, the Egyptian
pyramids, and countless others have also generated years o debate
about how they came to exist. While some researchers have speculated
that extraterrestrials may have helped to construct these monuments,
most modern researchers believe that humans built them. There are
tantalizing clues, however, that some o these creations may have been
inspired by visiting extraterrestrials.
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One example that stands out above all the other places is a mysteri-
ous desert plateau in Nazca, Peru. This 500-square-mile volcanic pla-teau contains artwork by an unknown creator (or creators). There are
hundreds o markings on the plateauincluding animal gures such
as monkeys, spiders, whales, and various birds, as well as geometric
designs, patterns, and linesthat can only be seen rom high up in
the air.
These markings are more than 2,000 years old, predating both
the Incan and Mayan empires. Thereore the question remains: Who
made these markings that can only be seen rom the air, and why?
Could they have been inspired by extraterrestrials? The Nazca mys-
tery remains unsolved.1
Figure 1.1 These giant hands are part of the Nazca Lines in Peru. (KevinSchafer/Corbis)
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UFOs in Ancient egypt And indiA
Fortunately, there are more than just pictures and carvings that record
early UFO visitations. On an ancient Egyptian papyrus dated rom 1504
bce is one o the earliest known written records o a UFO encounter.
It was written during the reign o Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III,
and is now at the Egyptian museum at the Vatican. The hieroglyphics
were translated by Egyptologists and tell an amazing story. One day a
group o Egyptian citizens observed a circle o re that was coming
rom the sky. The people became rightened and threw themselves
to the ground. A ew days later, the strange objects returned. Accord-
ing to the document, Now ater some days had passed, these things
became more numerous in the sky than ever. They shone more in the
sky than the brightness o the sun, and extended to the limits o the
our supports o the heavens . . . Powerul was the position o these
re circles.
Texts rom Ancient India also provide suggestions o UFO activity.More than 5,000 years old and written in ancient Sanskrit, these texts
describe fying ships, called vimnas, or sky-boats. Researcher Richard
Thompson has studied hundreds o such accounts and writes that the
vimnas have many eatures reminiscent o UFOs. Early cultures
might have had trouble understanding the phenomenon o UFOs, but
they ound the activity important enough to record. In each case the
observers interpreted UFOs in the context o their own culture.2
BiBlicAl UFOs
Even the Bible mentions possible extraterrestrial encounters. The
Wheels o Ezekiel described in the Bible contains many parallels
to modern day UFO reports. The incident took place in 593 bce and
appears in the beginning o the New Testament. Ezekiel was alone
when he saw a a great cloud with brightness round about it, and
re fashing orth constantly, and in the midst o the re, as it were
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gleaming bronze. Ezekiel also observed strange wheels within wheels
and other details that sounded very much like a machine. Researcher
Jose Blumrich wrote a book, The Spaceships o Ezekiel(1974), theoriz-
ing that Ezekiel encountered actual extraterrestrials.
Another example rom the Bible is Elijahs ascension in a chariot
o re. Some researchers speculate that the chariot o re is actually a
UFO. This has also led to speculation that some reports o angels may
actually reer to extraterrestrials.
UFOs in rOmAn times
It wasnt until Roman times that historians began to keep detailed
records o UFO encounters. Early Roman writer Julius Obsequens
was one o the worlds rst UFO investigators. He began recording
strange events in the year 222 bce, when two Roman consuls observed
a great light, like day, at midnight, when three moons appeared in
quarters o the sky distant rom each other.In 216 bce, he wrote o another sighting: Things like ships were
seen in the sky over Italy . . . At Arpi, a round shield was seen in
the sky . . . At Capua, the sky was all on re, and one saw gures like
ships.
Obsequens eventually recorded dozens o accounts, oten reerring
to the strange objects as shields, ships, or burning torchesall objects
that were amiliar to people in Roman society at the time.Another early researcher was German scholar Lycosthenes, who
recorded numerous UFO sightings over Europe. The ollowing ac-
count comes rom the year 457 ce: Over Brittany, France, a blazing
thing like a globe was seen in the sky. Its size was immense, and on its
beams hung a ball o re like a dragon out o whose mouth proceeded
two beams, one o which stretched beyond France, the other reached
towards Ireland, and ended in re, like rays.
In the year 796, Small globes were seen circling around the sun.
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20 UFOs and aliensi
And in the year 919, A thing like a burning torch was seen in the
sky, and glistening balls like stars moved to and ro in the air overHungary.
Another sighting that cannot be easily explained occurred in 1168:
A globe o re was seen moving to and ro in the air on 20 March.
Some o the early accounts match up perectly with todays reports.
In the year 1290, or example, the abbot and monks at Begeland Abbey
in England observed a fat, round, shining, silvery object that few
over the abbey, causing utmost terror.3
UFOs in the middles Ages
As history marched orward into the Middle Ages, accounts o UFO
sightings became more detailed. In 1322: In the rst hour o the
night o November 4 there was seen in the sky over Uxbridge, Eng-
land a pillar o re the size o a small boat, pallid and livid in colour.
It rose rom the south, crossed the sky with slow and grave motions,and went north. Out o the ront o the pillar, a ervent red fame
burst orth with great beams o light. Its speed increased, and it few
through the air.
In 1387, England experienced a wave o UFO activity when citi-
zens observed a re in the sky, like a burning and revolving wheel,
or round barrel o fame, emitting re rom above, and others in the
shape o a long ery beam.
On April 14, 1561, numerous residents o Nuremberg, Germany,saw hundreds o globes, cylinders, and other strange-shaped objects
fying in darting patterns, as i ghting one another. The sighting
lasted about an hour and was described by witnesses as a very right-
ul spectacle. An unknown artist recorded the event in a woodcarv-
ing, which shows the strange feet o fying objects, including a ew
actually crashing to the Earth.
On August 7, 1566, Samuel Coccius o Basel, England, wrote that
at sunrise many large black globes were seen in the air, moving beore
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the sun with great speed and turning against each other as i ghting.
Coccius memorialized the event in a woodcarving, which shows about
40 objects lling the sky as stunned observers look on.
IFOs, or Identified Flying Objects
Its a bird! Its a plane! No . . . its a UFO! UFOs are not alwayswhat they seem. In act, most uologists agree that only about 10percent o UFO reports are genuine unknowns. The remaining 90 per-
cent o the reports are caused by natural or human-made phenomena.
Below is a list o the phenomena that are sometimes mistaken or UFOs:
Venus or other planets
meteorites, reballs
ball lightning
weather balloons
stars, comets
airplanes, helicopters, and other conventional aircrat
satellites, rockets, missiles, and other advanced military aircrat
mirages caused by temperature inversions
lenticular (saucer-shaped) clouds
lights rom buildings, searchlights, lighthouses, and other
structures
reworks
Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)
sundogs, which are atmospheric refections rom ice crystals
birds, refies
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Many astronomers have seen UFOs. The amous English astrono-
mer, Edmund Halley, who discovered Halleys comet, also claims to
have seen a UFO. In May o 1677, he and numerous others observed
a great light in the sky all over southern England, many miles high.
The light moved with incredible speed, and was very bright. It seemed
to vanish and let a pale white light behind it. There were no hissing
sounds and no explosion. Was this a UFO or a meteor? Even Halley
wasnt sure.
On July 9, 1686, German astronomer Gottried Kirch observed aburning globe that was so bright one could read without a candle.
He used a telescope and estimated that the object was 30 miles up.
Ater eight minutes, the light disappeared. Kirch later learned that
other people eight miles away observed the same object earlier that
evening.
Throughout the 1700s, the Gentlemans Magazine o England re-
corded numerous accounts, such as the ollowing incredible sighting:
In March, 1719, and again on 29 August, 1738, there appeared in thesky over England at 3 P.M. in the northeast a glowing ball like a cone,
with a jet o fame at the rear . . . It was like a cone o re, ending in a
sharp point, with a bright ball at the thicker end. The ball seemed to
burst and go away in a jet o fame.
On January 2, 1749, three large spherical-shaped objects like the
moon appeared over Japan, causing widespread riots. The govern-
ment was orced to enact martial law to stop the panic.During this time, several Renaissance painters created works o
art that contained images o typical fying saucers. In 2003, researcher
Matthew Hurley identied many examples. A teenth-century paint-
ing by Italian artist Ghirlandaio shows the Virgin Mary with a disk-
shaped object hovering in the sky. In the background, a man points at
the object. Another sixteenth-century resco shows a gure inside a
fying object that is darting across the sky above a crowd o people.4
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UFOs in the 1800s
Sightings continued strong into the 1800s. In July 1868, residents o
Copiago, Chile, observed an unidentied aerial construction fy
overhead. It was described as having shiny scales and making a noise
like a machine.
A dramatic account rom the summer o 1883 was published in
the West German magazine, Der Stern. According to the report, All
the children and the teacher in the public elementary school at Sege-
berg, saw in the sky two ery balls, the size o ull moons, travelingside by side, not very switly, rom north to south, on a clear and
sunny day.
Despite the many sightings, most people still didnt view UFOs as
aliens rom space. More popular explanations included angels, demons,
or signs rom God or the Devil. At this time, humans had still not learned
how to fy, so the idea o space-travel and lie on other planets hadnt en-
tered the public consciousness. It wouldnt be until airplanes and rockets
were invented in the early twentieth century that people began to seri-
ously consider that UFOs might be creatures rom other planets.
Then in 1896, the United States experienced its rst UFO wave
when residents across northern Caliornia reported seeing an airship
in the sky. The rst sighting to gain widespread attention occurred on
November 17, 1896. As reported in the Sacramento Bee: Last evening
between the hours o six and seven oclock, in the year o our Lord 1896,
a most startling exhibition was seen in the sky in this city o Sacramento.People standing on the sidewalks at certain points in the city between
the hours stated, saw coming through the sky over the housetops what
appeared to them to be merely an electric arc lamp propelled by some
mysterious orce. It came out o the east and sailed unevenly toward the
southwest, dropping now nearer to the earth, and now suddenly rising
into the air. Several witnesses said they heard voices. Among the many
witnesses was the daughter o the mayor o Sacramento.
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UFO Statistics
Many surveys have been taken to determine how many peoplebelieve in UFOs, or have seen them. The results may surprise you.The Gallup Poll
Probably the most respected poll is the Gallup Poll. The results o Gallup
polls concerning UFOs have been very consistent throughout the years,as evidenced in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
Gallup Poll of UFO Believer and sighting
YearPercentage Who
Believein UFos
Percentage Who have
seen a UFo
1966 46% 5%
1973 53% 11%
1978 57% 9%
1987 49% 14%
2001 50% 10%
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The Roper Poll
The United States has a population o about 300 million people. And i 10
percent o Americans have seen UFOs, that would equal 30 million UFO
witnesses. This raises the question, how many people have been abducted
by UFOs? Another prominent survey is the Roper Poll. In 1974, the Roper
Poll ound that 40 percent o Americans believe in UFOs. In 1996, how-
ever, the Roper Poll ound that 2 percent o Americans have experienced
a UFO abduction. I true, that would equal 6 million Americans who havebeen inside a UFO! These surveys tend to raise more questions that are
dicult to answer; or example, with 30 million UFO witnesses, why is it
that only hal o the people surveyed even believe in UFOs? Also, with 6
million UFO ducts, why is it that there isnt more physical evidence?
Where are the UFOs?
What are the top three places in the United States or seeing UFOs? Ac-
cording to the National UFO Reporting Service (NUFORC), the top threespots are:
Caliornia
Washington
Texas
Nobody is sure why these spots are more active than others. Caliornia
does have the highest population o any other state, and Texas is thesecond largest state. Both o these might be reasons, but at this point,
the answer remains one o the many mysteries surrounding the subject
o aliens and UFOs.
1
2
3
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26 UFOs and aliensi
Over the next week, the mysterious airship continued to appear.
Five days later, on November 22, 1896, dozens o passengers on anOakland streetcar observed an object that looked like a wingless ci-
gar. The object emitted beams o light and traveled slowly overhead.
Again, the account became ront-page news.
Beore long, the wave spread across the United States, with thou-
sands o people reporting the strange zeppelin-like objects. In a ew
o the cases, witnesses encountered human-looking people who were
dressed strangely and spoke unknown languages.
At rst, people assumed that these airships were coming rom or-
eign countries, such as Cuba. Again, the idea o aliens visiting Earth
rom outer space was still largely unknown. Today, the mysterious
airship wave remains unexplained. Some researchers believe that the
sightings may have been the result o early undercover experiments with
dirigibles, zeppelins, and other airships. And in act, only one year later,
on November 3, 1897, timber merchant David Schwarz o the Austro-
Hungarian Empire invented and successully few an airship.Other researchers have a stranger explanation or the airship mys-
tery. They say that UFOs are actually putting on dierent masks or
each culture, and may actually be some sort o interdimensional visi-
tors and not extraterrestrials at all. The best evidence or this theory
is the act that UFOs do seem to appear dierent in each culture. For
example, the many cases o airies and elves in the medieval times
may have been actual airies and elves, actual aliens that people just
thought were airies or elves, or perhaps another mask worn by theinterdimensional beings. Explanations or these phenomena are not
always easy.5
FOO Fighters
During the middle o World War II in 1943 and 1944, numerous
ghter pilots began to see what they called oo ghters, or small
balls o light that ollowed their aircrat. At rst, everyone assumed
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that the balls o light were secret German weapons. However, it was
later discovered that German and Japanese pilots also encountered the
strange balls o light and thought they were American or English se-
cret weapons. Neither thought that they were extraterrestrials.
Strangely, the oo ghters never attacked the planes, but instead
few behind them or whirled around them in curious patterns. They
appeared alone or in groups. The United States military and the Brit-
ish military both launched investigations, but were unable to account
or the strange sightings.6
the sWedish ghOst rOckets
Only one year later, UFOs came back with a vengeance. Starting
in May 1946, Sweden and other northern European countries were
plagued by a wave o ghost rockets. Described as missiles, spheres,
reballs, cigar-shaped, and ootball shaped, these objects moved in
typical UFO patterns, racing at high speeds, darting at sharp angles,
Figure 1.2 During World War II, many airplane pilots saw small balls of lightcalled foo fighters chasing their planes. This photograph shows two foo fightersaccompanying a flight of Japanese fighters over the Suzuka Mountains in centralJapan. (Mary Evans Picture Library)
act atrout 27
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2 UFOs and aliensi
and hovering or foating. By the end o 1946, more than 1,000 re-
ports o the objects came rom Sweden alone. The objects, however,were seen all across Europe and even in Arica and India. By 1947,
there were 2,000 reports, including a ew citing explosions or land-
ings. There was no evidence, however, o any injuries to people, nor
was anyone able to recover one o the objects. The Swedish Deense
Ministry launched an investigation, believing that the objects were
probably secret Soviet weapons. Their research showed that at least
200 o the reports were unexplained and cannot be the phenomena o
nature or the products o imagination.7
From ancient times up to 1947, mainstream society still had not
aced the possibility that Earth was being visited by extraterrestri-
als. However, something was about to happen that would change
everything.
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i2j
t s taca Wo
On June 24, 1947, the world changed orever. It was a sunny ater-
noon as private pilot and businessman Kenneth Arnold few his
small plane over Mount Rainier in Washington State. He was part o a
rescue mission to search or another plane that had crashed in the local
mountains. Suddenly a tremendously bright fash in the air caughthis eye. To Arnolds amazement, he observed nine strange metallic
objects skipping like saucers across the sky. As an experienced pilot,
he could tell that they were like no aircrat I had ever seen beore.
He watched them or about two minutes, as they perormed amazing
maneuvers. Arnold estimated that the objects were moving at more
than 1,700 miles per hour!
When he landed, Arnold reported his sighting to ocials. Mili-
tary ocers interviewed him and concluded that the sighting wasunexplained. The media heard about the case, and Arnolds sighting
became ront-page news across the world. The story electried the
public. For the rst time, the world was introduced to the word fy-
ing saucer. Earth, it appeared, was being visited by beings rom outer
space! The Modern Age o UFOs had begun.8
Arnolds sighting was only the tip o the iceberg. Now that a credible
witness had reported seeing UFOs, the foodgates opened or hundreds
o other people across the world to report their own sightings. The
2
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30 UFOs and aliensi
summer o 1947 went down in history as one o the busiest years o
UFO activity ever recorded. And ever since 1947, UFOs have beenreported every year.
Most o the sightings involved metallic disks that hovered silently,
moved at right angles, and traveled at supersonic speeds. These objects
were seen by large groups o people across the United States and the
world. Only a ew o these incidents are known as classic cases. What
ollows are some o the worlds best classic UFO cases.
Flier dies chAsing A Flying sAUcer
On January 8, 1948, fying saucers again became ront-page news
when an Air Force Pilot was killed while in pursuit o an unknown ob-
ject over Kentucky. The ordeal began on January 7, when the sheri s
station o Louisville, Kentucky, received several calls rom local resi-
dents reporting a strange circular object, about 250 eet in diameter,
moving over the town. Witnesses described the object as glowing
or metallic. The local Godman Air Force Base was alerted, but they
denied any knowledge o the object. Then, a ew minutes later, the
bases tower operators were shocked to see the unknown object hover-
ing over the base itsel!
The UFO remained in view or 45 minutes while numerous base
ocials observed it through binoculars. Finally, they decided to
scramble jets to pursue the unknown object.
At the time o the sighting, Captain Thomas J. Mantell and histeam were approaching Godman AFB in our F-51 ghter jets. Cap-
tain Mantell was ordered to intercept and identiy the object. Air tra-
c controllers guided him towards the location o the UFO. Fiteen
minutes later, Mantell made visual contact. He radioed to the base, I
see something above and ahead o me.
The control tower remained silent while Mantell continued to
comment. Ive sighted the thing. It looks metallic and its tremendous
in size . . . Now its starting to climb.
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The young pilot increased his throttles and climbed in altitude to
about 20,000 eet. He radioed that he was closing in on the object,and then came silence. There were no more messages rom Mantell.
The wreckage o his plane was ound shortly later. For some reason
that would never be explained, the plane had gone out o control and
plunged to the earth. Mantell died instantly upon impact.
The press went wild. The New York Times printed the headline,
Flier Dies Chasing a Flying Saucer. Military ocials attempted to
downplay the sighting, saying that Mantell had mistaken Venus or a
UFO and that he simply ran out o oxygen and crashed. While it is
true that Mantells plane was not equipped with oxygen, at the time o
the sighting, Venus was low on the horizon and could not have been
responsible or the object. When this act became clear, skeptics then
claimed that Mantell was chasing a large Skyhook weather balloon.
Believers, on the other hand, say that the UFO may have zapped
his plane out o the sky. There are many cases during which UFOs
aect electronic equipment; these are discussed in later chapters.There were also rumors that the wreckage o Mantells plane showed
evidence o unusual damage, though this was never conrmed. To this
day, the truth remains unknown.9
UFO Over FArgO
Many pilots have reported seeing UFOs. For some reason, UFOs
are attracted to other fying objectsincluding normal planes. Asimilar and equally dramatic airplane-UFO encounter occurred just
two months later over Fargo, North Dakota. Twenty-ve year old
George Gorman was a jet pilot and second lieutenant o the North
Dakota Air National Guard. On the evening o October 1, 1948,
Gorman was coming in or a landing at Fargo Airport when he no-
ticed a weird, glowing disk-shaped object below and ahead o him. As
he watched, the unknown object steadied its fight, then pulled into a
sharp let turn heading toward the airport control tower.
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32 UFOs and aliensi
Where is the Proof?
I UFOs are real, where is the evidence? Is there any actual prooo UFOs? In act, there are many dierent kinds o evidence thatuologists have gathered to support the case or the UFO. Below is a list
o some o the major types o UFO evidence, all o which is examined in
this book.
eywitnss tstimony: This is best when supported by multiple
witnesses and lie detector tests.
Photogrphs nd moving fms: Photos and lms are great
evidence, but they must be careully analyzed to rule out hoaxing.
Rdr rturns:This type o evidence is rare but has been reported
by both commercial and military pilots and ground radar.
lnding trcs: There are more than 2,000 cases where UFOs have
let evidence o landing, including marks in the ground or even burns.
ectromgntic cts: UFOs oten aect machinery including
cars, radios, televisions, and more.
Mdic cts: There are about 400 cases o UFO injuries and 150
cases o UFO healings.
Mt rgmnts: In a ew rare cases, UFOs have let metal samples
behind that seem to dey analysis.
ain impnts: Recent analysis o small oreign bodies ound
in the bodies o abductees shows that these objects might be
extraterrestrial.
anim rctions: Many cases exist o animals reacting to UFOs.
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jTh sghtg Tht Chg th Wor 33
Historic ccounts: Evidence o ancient E.T.s exists in many
cultures.
Govrnmnt documnts: Thousands o pages o ocial
UFO documents have been released through the Frdom o
Inormtion act.
Figure 2.1 A formation of UFOs photographed by a U.S. Coast Guard cam-eraman in Salem, Massachusetts. (Bettmann/Corbis)
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34 UFOs and aliensi
Gorman realized instantly he was seeing something unusual and
decided to take action. Little did he know, he was about to make UFOhistory. I dived ater it . . . but I couldnt catch up with the thing. It
started gaining altitude and again made a let bank. I put my F-51 into
a sharp turn and tried to cut o the light, in my turn. By then we were
at 7,000 eet. Suddenly, the thing made a sharp turn right and we were
headed straight or each other! Just when we were about to collide,
I guess I got scared. I went into a dive and the light passed over my
canopy at about 500 eet. Then the thing made a let circle about 1,000
eet above me, and I gave chase again.
Meanwhile, the air trac controller, L.D. Jensen, was shocked to
observe the entire cat and mouse ght between the pilot and the
UFO. He grabbed a pair o binoculars. While he could clearly identiy
Gormans plane, the lighted object remained unidentiable. Several
other witnesses in the area also observed the strange object. For the
next hal-hour, Gorman chased the object, reaching speeds up to 400
miles per hour. The object easily eluded him and nally sped away,never to reappear.
Ater the encounter, Air Force investigators rom Project Blue
Book interviewed Gorman. Project Blue Book was responsible or
investigating UFO reports or the Air Force. At the time o the
incident, the U.S. Air Force had taken a policy o ridiculing UFO
encounters, usually explaining them away as hallucinations, hoaxes,
or misperceptions. They concluded that Gorman had encountered
a weather balloon. The case was widely published in the media,and again skeptics and believers were divided. Like many UFO en-
counters, there was little evidence other than eyewitness testimony.
Gorman, however, remains unshaken in his convictions and says,
I am convinced there was thought behind the things maneuvers.
I had the distinct impression that its maneuvers were controlled by
thought or reason.10
One o the common misconceptions about UFO encounters is
that they are very rare. In act, each year produces a number o high-
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quality reports. Only a very ew o these cases, however, are reported
in the popular media. One o the next classic UFO cases to grab theattention o the world is known today as the Lubbock Lights.
the lUBBOck lights
It all began on the evening o August 25, 1951, in Lubbock, Texas. A
scientist rom the Atomic Energy Commission and his wie were in
the yard o their home. Suddenly, both noticed an enormous, silent,
V-shaped aircrat dart overhead at an altitude o less than 1,000 eet.
The crat was covered with colored lights and strange markings.
Unknown to the couple, other witnesses in the area were also
seeing strange objects. The next report came rom another group o
scientists including a geologist, two engineers, and a physicist, each
o who observed a ormation o nearly three-dozen unidentied tur-
quoise lights moving quickly overhead rom north to south. A ew
hours later, another feet o UFOs few over the group o scientists inan unorganized cluster. The Lubbock Lights case had begun!
The couple and the group o scientists reported their sighting to
the Air Force, which began an investigation. The Air Force ound
urther conrmation or the sighting when the nearby radar station o
the Air Deense Command Network reported that they observed the
unknown objects on their radarscopes and clocked them at a speed o
900 miles per hour.
The group o scientists was amazed by their two sightings, and theyconjectured that the UFOs might return. They decided to conduct a
UFO stakeout. To their amazement, the UFOs did return, again and
again! Over the next month, the group o scientists (which had added
two more members) experienced a series o 12 dierent sightings. In
each o these cases, the objects were totally silent, moved at supersonic
speeds, and sometimes turned at right angles.
Meanwhile, in the town o Lubbock itsel, more than 200 con-
cerned citizens also viewed the unusual aerial display. On August 31,
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36 UFOs and aliensi
1951, resident and amateur photographer Carl Hart Jr. saw the objects.
He grabbed his Kodak camera and quickly snapped two clear photo-
graphs o the glowing UFOs, both o which showed the ormation o
unusual crat.Major Edward Ruppelt, the head o Project Blue Book, wrote o the
case, This was by ar the best combination o UFO reports Id ever
read, and Id read every one in the Air Forces les.
Still there was little that could be done. By the end o August, the
UFOs had stopped appearing and the weird wave o sightings came to
a sudden end.11
While the Lubbock Lights made or an amazing case, a ar more
dazzling case was about to occur, this time directly over the nations
Figure 2.2 The Lubbock Lights. In August of 1951, the town of Lubbock, Texasexperienced a wave of UFO activity. On August 31, resident Carl Hart Jr. snappedthis famous photograph of a formation of objects as they passed over the town.The photograph has never been satisfactorily explained. (Bettmann/Corbis)
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capital. One o the most common questions asked about UFOs is, I
UFOs are real, why dont they land on the White House lawn and
make an ocial announcement? In the summer o 1952, this very
nearly happened.
the WAshingtOn nAtiOnAls
On July 19, 1952, at 11:40 p.m., air trac controller Edward Nugent at
Washington National Airport spotted seven unusual-looking blips onhis radarscope. Nugent watched in amazement as the blips perormed
amazing maneuvers, traveling up to 7,000 miles per hour. He immedi-
ately called the senior air trac controller Harry Barnes.
Barnes looked at the scope in shock. In a later interview, Barnes
said, We knew immediately that a very strange situation existed . . .
there is no other conclusion that I can reach but that or six hours
there were at least 10 unidentied fying objects moving above Wash-
ington. They were not ordinary aircrat. I could tell that by theirmovement on the scope. I can saely deduce that they perormed
gyrations which no known aircrat can perorm. By this I mean that
our scopes showed that they could make right angle turns and com-
plete reversals o fight.
Barnes immediately contacted nearby Andrews Air Force Base who
also had unusual blips on their radar. Later, they made visual contact
with the UFOs. Airman William Brady was the rst to see an objectwhich looked like an orange ball o re, trailing a tail.
Following Bradys sighting, numerous other ocers, guards, and
employees observed the UFOs. Meanwhile, airline pilots throughout
the area called in to report UFOs cavorting around their own planes.
When the activity continued, commercial jets were grounded and
Newcastle Air Force Base sent out two F-49 jet interceptors to chase
the unknown objects. Each time the jets approached, however, the
UFOs would dart away. When the jets let, the UFOs returned.
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3 UFOs and aliensi
The sightings continued all night, and were seen by hundreds o
witnesses over a widespread area. The next day, a press conerence
was held, and the Air Force attempted to explain the sightings. The
public was told that the objects were illusions caused by temperature
inversions in the atmosphere. Fortunately, the sightings were so
numerous that they were impossible to cover up or explain away.
Today, the sightings are believed by most researchers to be entirely
valid and are considered one o the classic cases o UFO history.
Researcher Captain Kevin Randle (U.S. Air Force) wrote a ull-length book about the sightings. Says Randle, The evidence is
that something extraordinary was seen in the sky over Washington.
Radar conrmed the sightings and ghters attempted to intercept
these objects. There were visual sightings. And there was pressure by
the Air Force to orce their personnel to change their descriptions o
the UFOs and their conclusions about the objects. We can say with
certainty that something was seen by radar and observed visually . . .
I the objects sighted were manuactured crat, then it is clear thatthey hadnt been built on this planet because o their speed and
maneuverability. The only explanation that ts the acts is the extra-
terrestrial. The Washington Nationals show that we have been visited.
There is no other plausible explanation.12
With the dramatic Washington sightings, public interest in UFOs
soared. In act, some researchers believe that the UFOs were actually
putting on a display and announcing their presence. And it wasnt longbeore more high-quality cases began to occur, making it very dicult
or the Air Force to debunk the sightings. One o the next best-veried
cases occurred over Ann Arbor, Michigan.
sWAmp sighting
On March 18, 1966, 50 or more witnesses (including a dozen police
ocers) observed a large, disk-shaped crat hovering low over themarshlands outside o Ann Arbor, Michigan. Several witnesses re-
ported seeing our other smaller objects escorting the larger one.
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UFOs Among the Stars
UFOs are reported by all kinds o people, regardless o age, sex,race, religion, or education. The only requirement or seeing aUFO is looking up at the right time. In act, many amous people have
reported their own UFO encounters:
Future president Jimmy Carter and several other people were inGeorgia in 1973 when they observed a large glowing object in
the sky. Says Carter, It was 30 degrees above the horizon and
looked about as large as the moon. The object darted around or
a ew minutes and disappeared. Carter later reported his sighting
to the Center For UFO Studies.
Astronaut James McDivitt photographed a UFO while orbiting
the earth in the Gemini 5 space capsule. Says McDivitt, From
what I could tell, the object resembled a beer can with a cylinder
protruding rom the top o it. McDivitt turned the photos over
to NASA, who never returned them.
On August 23, 1973, singer/songwriter John Lennon was in his
high-rise apartment on New Yorks Manhattan Island, when he
and his girlriend, Mae Pang, both observed a large circular
object . . . shaped like a fattened cone cruise slowly past their
balcony. Lennon called the police, who told them that they had
already received dozens o calls reporting the same UFO.
World-amous boxer Muhammad Ali claims to have seen UFOs on
several occasions, usually star-like objects. Says Ali, The closest
one happened when a cigar-shaped ship hovered briefy over a
car I was a passenger in . . . What a sight that was.
Sammy Davis Jr. observed several UFOs in Palm Springs, Calior-
nia. Says Davis, First they would stand still, and then they would
take o and stop again, beore nally shooting away in a fash.
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40 UFOs and aliensi
Over the next three days, dozens o other residents and more police
ocers also viewed the object as it hovered over the marshes. The AirForce was alerted, but denied any knowledge o the case.
As i angry at being ignored, the UFOs returned with a vengeance.
The next day, on March 22, 1966, more than 80 students at Hillsdale
College observed a large, unknown glowing object move in darting
patterns over the Ann Arbor swamplands. Also present were civil de-
ense authority William Van Horn and Kelly Hearn, journalist and
dean o Hillsdale College. When the UFO reused to leave, the police
were called and ocers viewed the crat. As the crowd watched, the
UFO seemed to show o its ability to maneuver quickly around the
area. Van Horn observed the object through binoculars and told re-
porters, It was denitely some kind o vehicle.
By now, the Michigan sightings had become ront-page news
across the nation. The Air Force could no longer saely ignore the
situation and sent their astronomical consultant, J. Allen Hynek, to
investigate. Ater almost no investigation, Hynek held a press con-erence and announced that the sightings were probably caused by
swamp gas. The public became outraged and the Air Force was
accused o trying to cover up the sightings. J. Allen Hynek, who
had previously sided with the Air Force, began to wonder i per-
haps he had made a mistake. He later let the Air Force and wrote
two best-selling books about the UFO phenomenon, criticizing the
Air Forces policy o debunking good cases, and stating without any
doubt that UFOs are real.13
pOlice chAse
Meanwhile, the cases continued. Less than one month later, two Ohio
police ocers would become the center o a huge controversy ollow-
ing their incredible encounter with a UFO on a lonely road late at
night. Many witnesses regret seeing a UFO not because o the E.T.s,
but because o how society reacts. These two police ocers learned
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this the hard way. The ordeal began just beore dawn on April 17, 1966,
when deputies Dale Spaur and Wilbur Ne were alerted by their localstation to be on the lookout or a UFO that was reportedly heading
in their direction. Moments later, the ocers were shocked to see a
50-oot wide, metallic saucer-shaped object with a dome on top. They
could hear no noise except or a sot hum. The object glowed brightly
and sent down a powerul beam o light. Said Spaur, I had never seen
anything this bright beore in my lie.
The ocers radioed to their superiors that they had the UFO in
sight. The dispatcher told them to keep the object in view while he
sent another squad car with camera equipment.
At that point, the UFO began to move east toward Pennsylvania.
Ocers Spaur and Ne ollowed the object. Soon, they were racing
along at more than 90 miles per hour. Incredibly, whenever they ell
behind the UFO, it appeared to slow down and wait or them. Mean-
while, other ocers had also sighted the object and joined the chase.
The UFO continued to play a cat-and-mouse game with the policeocers, eventually leading them nearly 90 miles away. At this point,
the ocers were running low on gas and had to give up the chase.
They notied Pittsburgh Airport, who said that they had picked the
object up on radar, though this was later denied.
Meanwhile, news reporters had been monitoring police transmis-
sions and knew about the whole encounter. So, when deputies Spaur
and Ne returned to their station, the reporters were already wait-
ing. The encounter became ront-page news. The Air Force sent BlueBook ocers to investigate. They concluded that the ocers had only
been chasing the planet Venus! The explanation caused public out-
rage. A judge and ormer congressman called the explanation ridicu-
lous. Ohio Congressman William Stanton said, The Air Force has
ailed in its responsibility. Even Project Blue Book consultant J. Allen
Hynek disagreed with the Air Forces explanation.
Unortunately, deputies Spaur and Ne were ridiculed mercilessly,
and both eventually lost their jobs. Says Spaur, I I could change all
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42 UFOs and aliensi
that I have done in my lie, I would change just one thing, and that
would be the night we chased that damn saucer.Ne agreed, I that thing landed in my backyard, I wouldnt tell
a soul.14
By now, so many encounters were occurring that the media couldnt
keep up. Numerous citizen UFO groups ormed such as the National
Investigative Committee o Aerial Phenomenon (NICAP) and the
Aerial Phenomenon Research Organization (APRO), both o which
collected and studied literally thousands o cases. Meanwhile, the Air
Forces Project Blue Book was ollowed by several other governmen-
tal investigations. At the same time, there was a change in the UFO
phenomenon itsel. In the 1940s and 1950s, there were many sightings
over power stations, military bases, and other technological installa-
tions. Investigators Coral and Jim Lorenzen successully predicted
sightings that occurred over many such bases. However, in the 1960s
and 1970s, the phenomenon began to escalate. For the rst time, wide-
spread reports came in o UFOs landing and strange-looking guresexiting the crat. Ater this came reports o abductions, also called close
encounters o the third kind. Some o these amazing cases are covered in
later chapters, but the 1970s and beyond brought many more incred-
ible sightings worth investigating.
The early 1970s produced only scattered high-prole sightings. In
1973, however, a large wave o UFO activity hit the United States. One
case that stands out above the rest is known as the Coyne Encounter.
the cOyne encOUnter
On the evening o October 18, 1973, Captain Lawrence Coyne and
his crew o three Army ocers were on a routine training fight in a
helicopter over Columbus, Ohio. Suddenly Captain Coyne noticed a
red light rom the east, coming directly towards them. Says Coyne, I
looked to my right, through the right window, and I observed the light
coming at a very ast speed, in excess o 600 knots.
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Coyne attempted to radio nearby Manseld Airport, but he got
no reply. He put the helicopter into an emergency dive and all ourocers braced or impact. Instead, they suddenly became enveloped
in an eerie, bright red light. Looking up, they could see the object
was hovering 500 eet directly overhead. The UFO then shined down
a green beam o light on the men, and seconds later it zoomed away.
As the UFO let, Captain Coyne realized his helicopter was being
beamed upwards at a rate o 1,000 eet per second. He regained con-
trol and leveled out at 3,500 eet. Six minutes ater the UFO let, their
radio again began to unction, and they returned to base. Unknown to
the ocers, witnesses on the ground also observed the entire incident.
The case was later thoroughly investigated and no explanation was
ound. To this day, the incident remains unexplained.15
BlAck dUst
One o the most unique encounters rom the 1980s occurred on the
Nullabor Plain, in a remote area o Australia. On January 20, 1988,
the Knowles amily, including Fay Knowles and her three sons and
their two dogs, drove along a desolate road at around 4:00 a.m.when
they saw a strange light ahead o them on the highway. At rst they
thought it was a large truck, but as they approached, they realized it
was a large egg-shaped object that gave o an intense white light. As
the Knowles amily drove by, the strange object started to pace their
car. Then it started to maneuver around the car, nearly causing themto have an accident. At one point, the object seemed to leave, but then
suddenly, the unthinkable happened. The object returned and actually
landed on top o the car!
The amily heard a loud clunking noise and elt the car shake.
Suddenly, the entire vehicle was lited up o the road. Mrs. Knowles
reached out her window and touched the object, which she said elt
spongy and rubbery. She pulled her hand back in, and it was covered
with strange black dust. Suddenly, the entire car lled with the black
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Figure 2.3 In 1988, the Knowles family of Australia encountered a UFO thatlanded on top of their car and lifted it up into the air. (Kesara Art)
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dust. At the same time, the Knowles heard a loud humming noise and
the dogs started to panic. The amily then elt very disoriented, as itime had slowed down. They ound it dicult to speak or be heard by
each other.
Ater a ew moments, the car slammed back down onto the pave-
ment, popping one o the rear tires. Fay Knowles brought the car to a
screeching stop, and the amily fed. Meanwhile, the UFO remained
above the car or a ew moments and then darted away.
Unknown to the Knowles, a trucker just a ew miles down the high-
way also observed the strange object as it sent down what appeared to
be beams o white light.
The Knowles amily was extremely traumatized and the police
were notied. Somehow the media heard about the sensational case
and the Knowles became overnight, reluctant celebrities. Despite the
physical evidence o their encounter (including strange indentations
on the roo o their vehicle and the weird black dust), the amily was
ridiculed intensely in the press. Although they never backed down orchanged their story, they later said that they regretted coming orward
because o how they were treated.16
the phOenix lights
One o the most widely viewed UFO sightings in history occurred on
the evening o March 13, 1997, over the city o Phoenix, Arizona. For
several weeks, strange lights had been seen over the area. But on March13, a massive black triangular-shaped crat few at low altitude over the
city and was viewed by commercial pilots, air trac controllers, police
ocers, and thousandso puzzled citizens. The object was videotaped
and photographed. The Phoenix Lights stunned the nation. Where
normally most UFOs seemed to hide, this UFO apparently wanted to
be seen.
Concerned witnesses called up nearby Luke Air Force Base, but
personnel there denied having any inormation about the sighting. Air
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Force ocials then reused to investigate. The controversy exploded,
and theories ranged rom military fares to secret military crat. Author
and researcher Lynn Kitei, M.D., collected hundreds o testimonies
and launched an extensive investigation. Her book, The Phoenix Lights,
chronicles the entire event. Writes Kitei, When the display came over
the mountains o North Phoenix and moved over the city, thousands
o people saw it. The route the mysterious lights took that night can
be ollowed by tracking the 911 calls that came into the Phoenix police
departments . . . Obviously something spectacular happened on theevening o March 13, 1997, throughout Arizona, but what? Unortu-
nately, as with most UFO stories, the mystery remains.17
A WidespreAd sighting
One o the most exciting and recent sightings occurred on January
5, 2000, over central Illinois. It all began at 4:00 a.m. when trucker
Melvern Noll o Highland, Illinois, saw a strange object foat over-head. He said it looked like a two-story house . . . it had white lights
and red blinking lights. Noll saw that the UFO was heading toward
the city o Lebanon, so he called the Lebanon police department. O-
cer Ed Barton was dispatched to the scene and was shocked to see
the UFO hovering at a low altitude over the city. Barton radioed the
sheris station and told them he had the object in sight. Said Barton,
Its not the moon and its not a star.
Meanwhile, other police ocers were monitoring the radio re-quencies. Six miles southwest, a police ocer in Shiloh reported to
his station that he too could see the UFO. Thirteen miles urther
southwest in Millstadt, police ocer Craig Stevens went looking or
the UFO and ound it moving slowly over the city. Stevens radioed
his superiors, telling them, Its huge . . . its kind o V-shaped. He
jumped out o his squad car and quickly snapped a photograph.
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Figure 2.4 UFOs come in many different shapes and sizes. Here are some of theshapes of UFOs reported by eyewitnesses around the world. (Kesara Art)
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4 UFOs and aliensi
More citizens also reported seeing the UFO. When newspaper
reporters discovered that so many police ocers saw the UFO, thesighting became ront-page news. Researchers later conducted a ull-
scale investigation. While the most popular explanation was that the
UFO was a secret military aircrat rom nearby Scott Air Force Base,
ocials at the base denied any involvement and said that their airport
and control tower were actually closed at the time o the sighting.
Why do UFOs sometimes hide, and sometimes seem to want to
be seen? Some researchers eel that the E.T.s are trying to get hu-
manity used to their presence. Others say that humanity is not ready
or open, ocial contact, and that is why the UFOs show themselves
only briefy. As is oten the case with UFOs, there are more ques-
tions than answers.18
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W UFO la
Just ater sunset on September 12, 1952, several children playing
outside their homes in Flatwoods, Virginia, saw a bright faming
object move across the sky and suddenly land on a nearby hill a hal
mile away. When the weird glowing object stayed there, six o the
children decided to get closer. They started the 15-minute hike to
the landing spot. Along the way, two o the boys, Edison and Fred-
die May, stopped at their house and told their mother that they weregoing with their riends to see a landed fying saucer. Their mother,
Kathleen May, was skeptical, abut also curious. She said, Youre not
going by yoursel! It was just getting dark, so she grabbed a fashlight
and joined the boys.
By now it was already dark. The group o six children and one adult
crept towards the glowing object. As they approached, they could see that
the object was sphere-shaped, and was pulsating with light. The whole
area around the crat was oggy. Whatever it was, it wasnt normal.Suddenly, one o the children thought he saw something glowing in
one o the trees just ahead o them. Kathleen May shined her fashlight
up and everybody screamed. Floating in ront o them was a 12-oot
tall robotic-looking creature with glowing red eyes, a teardrop-shaped
head, and a cylindrical body with antennae coming out o the sides.
Says Freddie May, It was big . . . it was scary.
3
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Figure 3.1 On September 12, 1952, a group of six children and one adultencountered this 12-foot tall robotic creature hovering next to a landed UFO on ahilltop in Flatwoods, Virginia. (Kesara Art)
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The strange creature also gave o a horrible stench. As soon as
May shined the fashlight on the creature, beams o light came out oits eyeballs and it lit up like a Christmas tree. Then it foated quickly
toward the rightened witnesses.
Everybody turned and ran down the hill screaming. Nobody
looked back as they fed back into their homes. Kathleen May quickly
called the police, and investigators instantly converged on the scene.
They ound strange markings on the ground and a strange odor still
hung in the air. The media picked up the story and the case soon
became widely known. To this day, nobody has been able to explain
the incident o the Flatwoods Monster.
A simple sighting o a UFO is called a close encounter o the rst
kind. A close encounter o the second kind is when a UFO physi-
cally aects the environment, such as causing a cars engine to stall.
However, what happens when UFOs land and aliens exit the crat?
These cases are termed close encounters o the third kind. There
have been literally thousands o reported UFO landings across theworld. More than 2,000 o these cases involve physical trace evidence
o the landing. The Flatwoods Monster case is only one example.
Many other equally shocking cases exist. What makes landing cases
so interesting is that they make the usual Air Force explanations o
misperception or hallucination much harder to accept. These UFOs
are no longer even UFOs; they are unidentied landedobjects. For
the rst time, people were getting a good look at who was piloting
these UFOs.19
the BrUsh creek UFO lAnding
In February o 1953, miners John Van Black and John Allen were work-
ing outside their titanium mine near Brush Creek, Caliornia, when
they saw a metallic saucer hovering over the area o the mine. Dur-
ing the next our weeks, the saucer returned our times. It was obvious
to the men that the object was interested in their titanium mine.
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On May 20, Black saw the amiliar-looking saucer hovering about
200 eet above the creek next to the mine. Ater the object let, Blackound several strange, ve-inch ootprints around the area.
One month later, on June 20, Black approached the area when he
saw what he thought was a small child with a bucket. Looking closer,
he saw it was a small man wearing green pants, unusual shoes, a jacket,
and a green cap. He was very pale and had black hair. Says Black, He
looked like someone who had never been out in the sun much.
Black watched as the man scooped up water with a strange cone-
shaped bucket. The gure then heard Black approaching and ran back
into the saucer, which promptly took o and disappeared.
Black reported the event to the police. The story was leaked to the
press and crowds o people showed up at the mine, hoping that the
UFO would return again. Unortunately, it never did, and the Brush
Creek UFO landing remains a mystery. It seems clear, however, that
the UFO was interested in the titanium mine.20
the QUArOUBle, FrAnce UFO lAnding
Some UFO cases impress investigators because they involve convinc-
ing physical evidence. On the evening o September 10, 1954, actory-
worker Marius Dewilde o France was about to make UFO history. He
went outside to investigate why his dog was barking. To his surprise,
he could see a large, strangely shaped object had landed on the railroad
tracks behind his home. Suddenly, he heard ootsteps approaching. Hegrabbed his fashlight and shined it toward the sound.
To his shock, he saw two creatures such as I had never seen be-
ore. The gures were each three eet tall, with large helmets and
one-piece outts like the divers wear. Realizing that the gures
werent human, Dewilde turned to chase them. At that point, a beam
o light shot out o the object on the railroad and hit Dewilde. As he
says, I closed my eyes and tried to yell, but I couldnt. It was just as i I
had been paralyzed. I tried to move, but my legs wouldnt obey me.
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The strange gures ran back into the object. The beam o light
went out and the crat took o straight up and disappeared. Dewildewent straight to the police and reported his encounter. At rst the
police didnt believe him. But then more reports o sightings and land-
ings in the area came in.
First the police and then the French Air Force decided to inves-
tigate. They returned to the area and were shocked to nd that the
wooden railroad ties where the UFO landed had deep impressions
on the surace, as i they had supported a heavy weight. Research
later showed that the object must have weighed about 30 tons! Also,
the gravel in the area had been exposed to extremely high tempera-
tures. Today, the case remains a classic landing trace case, and is
still unexplained.21
the hOpkinsville gOBlins
One o the most amazing close encounter cases o all times occurred
on the evening o August 22, 1955. The Sutton amily o Hopkinsville,
Kentucky, was minding their own business when a spaceship landed
in their backyard. Moments later, a short gure with large eyes, huge
elephant-like ears, and a slit-like mouth appeared. It had long arms and
legs and was dressed in silvery clothing. Frank Sutton quickly grabbed
a shotgun and red at the creature.
The bullet appeared to hit the creature, but it just ell down and got
back up and ran away. They crept outside to investigate when suddenlythe creature appeared on the roo o the house and grabbed at one o
the amily members. They shot at the creature again, but it just foated
slowly down and scampered away.
Meanwhile, more o the strange creatures appeared and began to
creep around the house, appearing and disappearing. Finally, the Sut-
tons had enough. They piled into their car and raced to the police
station. The police were amazed to see an entire amily who were
obviously shaken up and scared by something. They returned to in-
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vestigate. As they approached, they saw a strange lighted object dart
away. However, the creatures were gone.This case is interesting because it shows just how varied the many
dierent E.T.s are. While many reports o extraterrestrials can be
categorized into various types, many other cases seem to involve to-
tally unique E.T.s. The Hopkinsville goblins are a perect example.
Coral and Jim Lorenzen o the Aerial Phenomenon Research Orga-
nization (APRO) later researched the case. They ound the witnesses
credible and concluded that the amily had seen something not rom
this world.22
the sOcOrrO incident
On April 24, 1964, a New Mexico police ocer named Lonnie Zamora
was chasing a speeding car down the highway when he saw a white
fame in the distance and heard a strange explosion. He decided that
he better investigate, so he stopped chasing the speeder and began todrive towards the source o the disturbance.
As he approached the area, he was shocked to see something liter-
ally out o this world. A giant, white egg-shaped object with a strange
symbol on the side had just landed in a eld. Standing next to the crat
were two short humanoid gures about the size o a young boy or a
small adult dressed in weird white jumpsuits. The two gures quickly
climbed into the crat, which took o with a roaring fame. Ocer
Zamora hid behind his squad car as the crat roared overhead anddisappeared into the sky.
Zamora quickly alerted the other ocers and an ocial investiga-
tion ollowed. The United States Air Force and the FBi both inves-
tigated the case. At the landing site, they discovered several deep im-
pressions in the ground. There was also a dark burned section where
the crat had taken o. Finally, strange metal samples were recovered
rom the site. NASA scientist Dr. Henry Frankel conducted an analy-
sis o the metal and ound that it was composed o an unusual alloyo zinc and iron. Incredibly, this alloy could not have been made on
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earth, and the scientist concluded, This nding denitely strength-
ens the case that might be made or an extraterrestrial origin o theSocorro object.
Types of E.T.s
One o the most shocking things about UFOs is the huge varietyo dierent E.T.s. There are literally hundreds o dierent kindso E.T.s reported. Fortunately, investigators have narrowed the reports
down to a ew main categories.
Grys: Three to ve eet in height, large dark eyes, large hairlessheads, small acial eatures. May be two dierent types, short and
tall. Believed to originate rom Zt-Rticui.
Nordics: Six eet in height, human-looking, blond hair, muscular
bodiescould pass or human. May originate rom the Pleiades.
Prying Mntis: Six to eight eet in height, with an appearance
like a giant grasshopper or praying mantis insect. Origins
unknown.
Rptiion: Six to nine eet in height with an appearance like a
giant lizard. Also known as Reptoids. Theorized to originate rom
inner earth.
Dwrs: Also known as short humanoids, three to our eet tall,
sometimes human-looking, strong, sometimes hairy.
T Humnoids: Seven to nine eet in height, human-looking,
though with larger eyes and sometimes hairless heads. Very rarely
reported.
Roots: Three to 12 eet in height, variously described as metallic
with colored lights, oten in the shape o a person or cylinder.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Figure 3.2 Here are some of the most commonly reported types of E.T.s. Upperrow from left to right: Pleiadian/Nordic, Tall Humanoid; Second row from leftto right: Praying Mantis, Short Gray, Tall Gray; Bottom row from left to right:Robotic, Reptilion/Reptoid, Dwarf/Short Humanoid. (Kesara Art)
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Because o the physical evidence, Zamoras case generated huge in-
terest. Further research revealed several other witnesses who also sawthe UFO as it darted away. Hector Quintanilla, who headed the Air
Force investigation, wrote, There is no doubt that Lonnie Zamora
saw an object which let quite an impression on him . . . He is puzzled
by what he saw, and rankly, so are we. This is the best documented
case on record.
Investigators later discovered that the symbol on the side o the
crat was the Arabic symbol or Venus. Could this have been the ori-
gin o the UFO crat? While astronomers have discovered that Venus
is too hot to sustain lie, perhaps the E.T.s have used their technology
to build a base there. And in act, E.T.s have claimed to have bases in
various places on earth and other planets.23
the FAlcOn lAke UFO lAnding
One o Canadas most amous UFO landings occurred on May 20,1967, with prospector Stephen Michalek bearing witness. On that day,
he was in the wilderness near Falcon Lake, Manitoba in Canada when
he saw two red glowing, cigar-shaped objects in the sky.
Suddenly, one o them swooped down and landed 160 eet away.
Michalek could see it was about 35 eet in diameter. A door opened,
and he could see strange colored lights fashing inside. He crept closer
until he heard weird voices coming rom inside. Thinking maybe it
was an experimental Russian crat, he asked in Russian, Do you speakRussian? When he got no response, he tried ve dierent languages.
Still there was no response.
Michalek then decided to get closer. He walked right up to the crat
and looked through the opening. He saw a bright maze o lights
on a panel, all fashing in dierent sequences. Suddenly, the opening
quickly closed and the crat took o straight up.
Michalek elt a blast o hot air and his shirt was set on re. Almost
immediately he started to eel very sick. He was rushed to the hospital
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where he began to suer a number o alarming symptoms including
a headache, diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, vomiting, hives, numbness,swelling o joints, eye irritation, and burns. He was unable to keep any
ood down and lost 22 pounds. His blood lymphocyte level decreased
rom a normal 25 percent to a dangerous 16 percent. More than 27
doctors examined Michalek, and the only explanation that seemed to
t was exposure to radiation. 24
the delphOs, kAnsAs UFO lAndingA signicant portion o UFO encounters involve children and teenag-
ers, perhaps because they spend a lot o time outdoors. On November
2, 1971, 16-year-old Ronald Johnson was doing chores in his backyard
near Delphos, Kansas. Suddenly, he heard a loud rumbling sound.
Turning around, he saw a giant mun-shaped object covered with
blue, red, and orange lights, resting on a beam o light about two eet
o the ground and only 75 eet away. The object was about eight eetwide and glowed so bright, it hurt Ronalds eyes to look at it.
Ronald called or his parents. At that moment, the object quickly
darted away, knocking over a tree and taking o up into the sky.
Ronalds parents came out in time to see the strange object dart south-
wards across the sky. At the same time, two o the neighbors had also
observed the object land and take o.
At this point, everyone noticed that the area where the U