TopicsTopics

A history of apemen – the track record Two case studies

1. Neandertals2. Australopithecines (ô-strā'lō-pĭth'ĭ-sēn', -sīn')

and Lucy

How evolution hinders critical thinking

How things change

A history of apemen – the track record Two case studies

1. Neandertals2. Australopithecines (ô-strā'lō-pĭth'ĭ-sēn', -sīn')

and Lucy

How evolution hinders critical thinking

How things change

Evolution storyEvolution storyEvolution begins with the assumption that man has evolved from ape-like

creatures

Evolution begins with the assumption that man has evolved from ape-like

creatures

Pick your relativePick your relative

The BibleThe Bible

The Bible teaches that God created manThe Bible teaches that God created man

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female

Genesis 1:27

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female

Genesis 1:27

Two ChoicesTwo Choices

Man evolved from ape-like creaturesMan evolved from ape-like creatures

God created man fully formedGod created man fully formed

We came from outer space is NOT a scientific or logical explanationWe came from outer space is NOT a scientific or logical explanation

Or

Can we reconcile the Bible with the teachings of evolution?

Can we reconcile the Bible with the teachings of evolution?

School TextbooksSchool Textbooks

“Look closely at your hand. You have five flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes, and humans are examples of primates….Primates most likely evolved from small, insect-eating rodent like mammals that lived about 60 million years ago.”

“Look closely at your hand. You have five flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes, and humans are examples of primates….Primates most likely evolved from small, insect-eating rodent like mammals that lived about 60 million years ago.”

Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing Life, 1998, p. 213.Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing Life, 1998, p. 213.

School TextbooksSchool Textbooks

“But all researchers agree on certain basic facts. We know, for example, that humans evolved from ancestors we share with other living primates such as chimpanzees and apes.”

“But all researchers agree on certain basic facts. We know, for example, that humans evolved from ancestors we share with other living primates such as chimpanzees and apes.”

Miller and Levine, Biology, 2000, p. 757.Miller and Levine, Biology, 2000, p. 757.

History of Evolution ClaimsHistory of Evolution Claims

Piltdown man HoaxNebraska man Pig’s toothRamapithecus Living apeHobbit man Small human

Piltdown man HoaxNebraska man Pig’s toothRamapithecus Living apeHobbit man Small human

Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

Deuteronomy 4:2Do not add or subtract from

God’s Word

…if any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

Revelation 22:18-19Do not add or subtract from

God’s Word

For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

Matthew 5:18God’s Word is everlasting

Can we reconcile the Bible with the teachings of evolution?

Can we reconcile the Bible with the teachings of evolution?

NeandertalsNeandertals

Lucy and the AustralopithicinesLucy and the Australopithicines

Case Study 1

CharacteristicsAnatomy

Genetics (DNA)

CharacteristicsAnatomy

Genetics (DNA)

NeandertalsNeandertals

Original Drawing of NeandertalOriginal Drawing of Neandertal

NeandertalsNeandertalsFirst found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856 when workers blasted a cave in the Neander Valley. Inside they found limb bones, pelvis, ribs, and a skull cap. The bones were examined by both scientists and evolutionists, and for a number of years all agreed that these were normal human beings.

First found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856 when workers blasted a cave in the Neander Valley. Inside they found limb bones, pelvis, ribs, and a skull cap. The bones were examined by both scientists and evolutionists, and for a number of years all agreed that these were normal human beings.

NeandertalsNeandertals Even that ardent evolutionist and defender of

Darwin, Thomas H. Huxley, said they belonged to people and did not prove evolution.

Rudolph Virchow, a German anatomist, said “the bones were those of modern men afflicted with rickets and arthritis”.

Many scientists today recognize that they had bowed legs due to rickets, caused by a lack of sunlight.

Even that ardent evolutionist and defender of Darwin, Thomas H. Huxley, said they belonged to people and did not prove evolution.

Rudolph Virchow, a German anatomist, said “the bones were those of modern men afflicted with rickets and arthritis”.

Many scientists today recognize that they had bowed legs due to rickets, caused by a lack of sunlight.

NeandertalsNeandertals

Constructed to look ape-like Brain capacity about 200 cc larger

Constructed to look ape-like Brain capacity about 200 cc larger

Initial construction discovered to be wrongInitial construction discovered to be wrong

Used jewelry Used musical instruments Did cave paintings Capable of speech Buried their dead

Used jewelry Used musical instruments Did cave paintings Capable of speech Buried their dead

Neandertal Burial CitesNeandertal Burial Cites

“Most anthropologists recognize burial as a very human, and a very religious, act. But the strongest evidence that Neandertals were fully human and of our species is that at four sites Neandertals and modern humans were buried together.”

“Most anthropologists recognize burial as a very human, and a very religious, act. But the strongest evidence that Neandertals were fully human and of our species is that at four sites Neandertals and modern humans were buried together.”

Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1998 p.89.

Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1998 p.89.

Neandertal AnatomyNeandertal Anatomy

Thick browThick brow

Stocky body buildShort extremitiesStocky body buildShort extremities

Neandertal AnatomyNeandertal Anatomy Neanderthal features include a

somewhat larger brow ridge, but it is known that arthritis can make this more prominent.

Virchow noted that the thighbone was curved, a condition common to rickets.

Lack of Vitamin D causes osteomalacia and rickets, producing a subtle facial change by increasing the size of the eye cavity, especially vertically.

Neanderthal features include a somewhat larger brow ridge, but it is known that arthritis can make this more prominent.

Virchow noted that the thighbone was curved, a condition common to rickets.

Lack of Vitamin D causes osteomalacia and rickets, producing a subtle facial change by increasing the size of the eye cavity, especially vertically.

Neandertal AnatomyNeandertal Anatomy The Neanderthals apparently

lived at a time when there was not as much sunlight.

We know that the ice age came as a result of worldwide volcanic dust pollution.

The weather in Europe at that time was cold enough that they may have stayed so much in their caves that they did not obtain enough sunlight,

The Neanderthals apparently lived at a time when there was not as much sunlight.

We know that the ice age came as a result of worldwide volcanic dust pollution.

The weather in Europe at that time was cold enough that they may have stayed so much in their caves that they did not obtain enough sunlight,

Neandertal AnatomyNeandertal Anatomy The Neanderthals were

several hundred years old. Facial bones keep growing

throughout life. Scientist have discovered

that the evolutionists had mismatched the upper and lower jaw, in order to make the Neanderthals look like apes.

The Neanderthals were several hundred years old.

Facial bones keep growing throughout life.

Scientist have discovered that the evolutionists had mismatched the upper and lower jaw, in order to make the Neanderthals look like apes.

Rearranging the DataRearranging the Data

Lower jaw 30 mm (over an inch) out of the socketLower jaw 30 mm (over an inch) out of the socket

Drawing of a Neandertal fossil purchased at the souvenir counter at the museum in Berlin giving an ape-like appearance

Drawing of a Neandertal fossil purchased at the souvenir counter at the museum in Berlin giving an ape-like appearance

From Buried Alive by Dr. Jack CuozzoFrom Buried Alive by Dr. Jack Cuozzo

Rearranging the DataRearranging the Data

Flat, human appearanceFlat, human appearance

From Buried Alive by Dr. Jack CuozzoFrom Buried Alive by Dr. Jack Cuozzo

Lower jaw 30 mm (over an inch) out of the socketLower jaw 30 mm (over an inch) out of the socket

Neandertal PopulationNeandertal Population

Common dates for Neandertals are 130,000 to 30,000 years ago

Neandertals existed for about 100,000 years (2,500 generations)

Common dates for Neandertals are 130,000 to 30,000 years ago

Neandertals existed for about 100,000 years (2,500 generations)

Neandertal PopulationNeandertal Population

There should have been over 50 billion Neandertals that lived during this time! There should have been over 50 billion Neandertals that lived during this time!

Where are the fossils?Where are the fossils?

11 20002000

300 million300 million 6 billion6 billion

100 generations100 generations

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

1964: Neanderthals are a sub-species of humans

1997: Neanderthals are a separate species (based on mtDNA find)

1964: Neanderthals are a sub-species of humans

1997: Neanderthals are a separate species (based on mtDNA find)

“The results of mitochondrial DNA show clearly that Neandertal was not our direct ancestor, unlike earlier hypotheses made by some paleoanthropologists.”

Luigi Cavalli-Sforza (Professor of genetics Stanford University), Genes, People, and Languages, 2000, p. 35.Luigi Cavalli-Sforza (Professor of genetics Stanford University), Genes, People, and Languages, 2000, p. 35.

Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking

1,669 modern humans were compared with one Neanderthal1,669 modern humans were compared with one Neanderthal

How was this comparison made?How was this comparison made?

DifferencesDifferences

Between modern humans the range is from 1 to 24 mtDNA differences

Between modern humans the range is from 1 to 24 mtDNA differences

What does this mean?What does this mean?

Neanderthal and humanNeanderthal and human

Human and humanHuman and humanHuman and humanHuman and human

When compared to modern humans there were 22 mtDNA substitution differences

When compared to modern humans there were 22 mtDNA substitution differences

Evolution and LogicEvolution and Logic There are a few modern humans who

differ by 2 substitutions more than the Neanderthal individual

There are a few modern humans who differ by 2 substitutions more than the Neanderthal individual

Therefore, using evolutionists logic, these people are a separate species (not human)

Therefore, using evolutionists logic, these people are a separate species (not human)

~ 8% of the people here tonight are not human

mtDNA and RelationshipsmtDNA and Relationships

“A sequence of mtDNA from the triceratops has been found to have its closest match in the turkey, despite there being no relationship whatsoever between the two animals.

This shows that any similarity amongst mtDNA from different animals is not evidence for a common ancestry.”

“A sequence of mtDNA from the triceratops has been found to have its closest match in the turkey, despite there being no relationship whatsoever between the two animals.

This shows that any similarity amongst mtDNA from different animals is not evidence for a common ancestry.”

Vij Sodera (M.D., author of three surgical books), One Small Speck to Man: the evolution myth, 2003, p. 414.Vij Sodera (M.D., author of three surgical books), One Small Speck to Man: the evolution myth, 2003, p. 414.

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

“Despite their stocky body build and their stocky skull shape, there is no hard evidence to say that Neanderthals were, in any way, inferior intellectually to modern man –

They are known to have made sophisticated flint tools, built huts out of animal skins and had control of fire. They also buried their dead.”

“Despite their stocky body build and their stocky skull shape, there is no hard evidence to say that Neanderthals were, in any way, inferior intellectually to modern man –

They are known to have made sophisticated flint tools, built huts out of animal skins and had control of fire. They also buried their dead.”

Vij Sodera (M.D., author of three surgical books), One Small Speck to Man: the evolution myth, 2003, p. 346.Vij Sodera (M.D., author of three surgical books), One Small Speck to Man: the evolution myth, 2003, p. 346.

Untold Facts Not In TextbooksUntold Facts Not In Textbooks1. In 1908 a typical Neanderthal skeleton was

found in Poland. It had been buried in a suit of chain armor

that was not yet fully rusted.2. A Neanderthal skeleton was found in the

Philippine Islands in 1910. Due to the extreme moisture of that land, it

would be impossible for the skeleton, to be as much as a century old.

3. The Neanderthals had larger craniums than we do.

1. In 1908 a typical Neanderthal skeleton was found in Poland.

It had been buried in a suit of chain armor that was not yet fully rusted.

2. A Neanderthal skeleton was found in the Philippine Islands in 1910.

Due to the extreme moisture of that land, it would be impossible for the skeleton, to be as much as a century old.

3. The Neanderthals had larger craniums than we do.

Untold Fact Not In TextbooksUntold Fact Not In Textbooks They had larger brains! This indicates regression of our race from a

former longer-lived, more intelligent, race rather than evolutionary progression.

Brain capacity is an important indicator of whether a cranium (the part of the skull which encloses the brain) belongs to an ape or a person.

They had larger brains! This indicates regression of our race from a

former longer-lived, more intelligent, race rather than evolutionary progression.

Brain capacity is an important indicator of whether a cranium (the part of the skull which encloses the brain) belongs to an ape or a person.

“The cranial capacity of the Neanderthal race of Homo

sapiens was, on the average, equal to or even greater than

that in modern man”.

Theodosius Dobzhansky, “Changing Man,” in Science, January 27, 1967, p. 410

“The cranial capacity of the Neanderthal race of Homo

sapiens was, on the average, equal to or even greater than

that in modern man”.

Theodosius Dobzhansky, “Changing Man,” in Science, January 27, 1967, p. 410

“Normal human brain size is 1450cc. – 1500cc. The

Neanderthal’s is 1600cc. If his brow is low, his brain is larger

than modern man’s.”

Michael Pitman, Adam and Evolution (1984), p. 87

“Normal human brain size is 1450cc. – 1500cc. The

Neanderthal’s is 1600cc. If his brow is low, his brain is larger

than modern man’s.”

Michael Pitman, Adam and Evolution (1984), p. 87

Conclusion About NeandertalsConclusion About Neandertals

Protruding brow ridgeStocky body build and short extremitiesIsolated population of peopleLived in a cold, harsh climate100% human

Protruding brow ridgeStocky body build and short extremitiesIsolated population of peopleLived in a cold, harsh climate100% human

Neandertal man, reconstructed from a skull found in La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France

Neandertal man, reconstructed from a skull found in La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France

A Case Study in Deception

Lucy and the Australopithecines

LucyLucy What was found Did Lucy walk upright

What was found Did Lucy walk upright

Note: Lucy is our ancestor

Challenges to Our YouthChallenges to Our Youth

Artistic conceptionArtistic conception

Note the thoughtful gaze, human hands

and use of tools.

Australopithecusafricanus

Australopithecusafricanus

What do you notice about this picture?What do you notice about this picture?

Evolutionary PreconceptionEvolutionary Preconception

“I wanted to get a human soul into this ape-like face, to indicate something about where he was headed.”

“I wanted to get a human soul into this ape-like face, to indicate something about where he was headed.”

John Gurche, artist, National Geographic, March, 1996 p. 109.John Gurche, artist, National Geographic, March, 1996 p. 109.

What Was Found?What Was Found? Lucy discovered in 1974 About 40% of the fossil was found Claimed to be 3.5 million years old Claimed bipedal (walked upright)

Lucy discovered in 1974 About 40% of the fossil was found Claimed to be 3.5 million years old Claimed bipedal (walked upright)

Lucy and the AustralopithecinesLucy and the Australopithecines

Long arms are identical to chimpanzees Jaws are similar to chimpanzees Upper leg bone is similar to chimpanzees Lucy’s legs were very ape-like Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps chimpanzees Large back muscles for tree dwelling Hands similar to pygmy chimpanzee Feet were long and curved

Long arms are identical to chimpanzees Jaws are similar to chimpanzees Upper leg bone is similar to chimpanzees Lucy’s legs were very ape-like Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps chimpanzees Large back muscles for tree dwelling Hands similar to pygmy chimpanzee Feet were long and curved

No similarity in appearance to humans No similarity in appearance to humans

Did Lucy Walk UprightDid Lucy Walk Upright

1.The rib cage

2.The pelvis

3.Leg and foot bones

1.The rib cage

2.The pelvis

3.Leg and foot bones

To determine if Lucy walked upright three areas of anatomy were examinedTo determine if Lucy walked upright three areas of anatomy were examined

Rib CageRib Cage Ape ribs are conical shaped Human ribs are barrel-like

Ape ribs are conical shaped Human ribs are barrel-like

Circular barrel-likeCircular barrel-like

HumanHuman

Conical shapeConical shape

ApeApe

Lucy’s Rib CageLucy’s Rib Cage

“I noticed that the ribs were more round in cross-section, more like what you see in apes. Human ribs are flatter in cross-section.

But the shape of the rib cage itself was the biggest surprise of all. The human rib cage is barrel shaped, and I just couldn’t get Lucy’s ribs to fit this kind of shape.”

“I noticed that the ribs were more round in cross-section, more like what you see in apes. Human ribs are flatter in cross-section.

But the shape of the rib cage itself was the biggest surprise of all. The human rib cage is barrel shaped, and I just couldn’t get Lucy’s ribs to fit this kind of shape.”

Peter Schmid (paleontologist at the Anthropological Institute in Zurich) Quoted from Origins reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human by Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin

Peter Schmid (paleontologist at the Anthropological Institute in Zurich) Quoted from Origins reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human by Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin

Lucy’s Rib CageLucy’s Rib Cage

“In Lucy’s case, her ribs are conical, like those found in apes.”“In Lucy’s case, her ribs are conical, like those found in apes.”

Brad Harrub (Ph.D. Anatomy and Neurobiology) and Bert Thompson (Ph.D. Microbiology), The Truth About Human Origins, 2003, p. 47.

Brad Harrub (Ph.D. Anatomy and Neurobiology) and Bert Thompson (Ph.D. Microbiology), The Truth About Human Origins, 2003, p. 47.

Chimp vs. Human PelvisChimp vs. Human Pelvis

ChimpChimp

HumanHuman

Lucy’s PelvisLucy’s Pelvis

“The fact that the anterior portion of the iliac blade faces laterally in humans but not in chimpanzees is obvious. The marked resemblance of AL 288-1 (Lucy) to the chimpanzee is equally obvious…

It suggests to us that the mechanism of lateral pelvic balance during bipedalism was closer to that in apes than in humans.”

“The fact that the anterior portion of the iliac blade faces laterally in humans but not in chimpanzees is obvious. The marked resemblance of AL 288-1 (Lucy) to the chimpanzee is equally obvious…

It suggests to us that the mechanism of lateral pelvic balance during bipedalism was closer to that in apes than in humans.”

J. Stern & R. Sussman, American Journal ofPhysical Anthropology, 1983, pp. 291 & 292.J. Stern & R. Sussman, American Journal ofPhysical Anthropology, 1983, pp. 291 & 292.

Knee Joint of A. afarensisKnee Joint of A. afarensis

15° carrying angle (valgus)

Human = 9°Gorilla = 0°Chimp = 0°

15° carrying angle (valgus)

Human = 9°Gorilla = 0°Chimp = 0°

Orangutan = 9°Spider monkey = 9°

How Evolution Hinders How Evolution Hinders Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking

Drawing from Life: The Science of Biology, Purves, Orians, and Heller, 1992, p. 604.

Drawing from Life: The Science of Biology, Purves, Orians, and Heller, 1992, p. 604.

Lucy: What Nice Feet You HaveLucy: What Nice Feet You Have

St Louis zoo replica of LucySt Louis zoo replica of Lucy

Apes and Humans – a TestApes and Humans – a Test

Which footprint is human?Which footprint is human?

HumanHuman

Laetoli FootprintsLaetoli Footprints

Footprints discovered in 1978 in Laetoli, Tanzania. The footprints were dated at 3.5 million years old.

Footprints discovered in 1978 in Laetoli, Tanzania. The footprints were dated at 3.5 million years old.

Who made these footprints?

Ape and Human FootprintsApe and Human Footprints

Ape(Lucy)Ape

(Lucy)HumanHuman Laetoli footprintLaetoli footprint

Footprints and Real EvidenceFootprints and Real Evidence

“Indistinguishable from those of habitually barefoot Homo sapiens.”“Indistinguishable from those of habitually barefoot Homo sapiens.”

Russell Tuttle, “The Pattern of Little Feet,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Feb 1989, p. 316.

Russell Tuttle, “The Pattern of Little Feet,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Feb 1989, p. 316.

Anatomy of AustralopithecinesAnatomy of Australopithecines

“…anatomist Dr Charles Oxnard has shown that the big toe actually sticks out as in chimpanzees.”

“…anatomist Dr Charles Oxnard has shown that the big toe actually sticks out as in chimpanzees.”

David Catchpoole, Ph.D., “New evidence: Lucy was a knuckle-walker”, David Catchpoole, Ph.D., “New evidence: Lucy was a knuckle-walker”,

Close-up Laetoli footprintClose-up Laetoli footprint

Photo by Vij Sodera, One Small Speck to Man, 2003, p. 363.

Photo by Vij Sodera, One Small Speck to Man, 2003, p. 363.

“The Laetoli footprints are indistinguishable from those of modern humans. Furthermore, they could not have been made by australopithecines which had thumbs on their feet, as shown by the STW573 footbones.”

“The Laetoli footprints are indistinguishable from those of modern humans. Furthermore, they could not have been made by australopithecines which had thumbs on their feet, as shown by the STW573 footbones.”

STW573STW573

Lucy: Saint Louis MuseumLucy: Saint Louis Museum

Evolution Rejects the EvidenceEvolution Rejects the Evidence

“Professor Betsy Schumann, evolutionist expert, admits that the statue's feet ‘probably are not accurate’, but when asked whether the statue should be changed, she says,

“Professor Betsy Schumann, evolutionist expert, admits that the statue's feet ‘probably are not accurate’, but when asked whether the statue should be changed, she says,

Creation ex nihilo, Dec 1996, p.52.Creation ex nihilo, Dec 1996, p.52.

In other words, evolution must use bad science to deceive people

In other words, evolution must use bad science to deceive people

‘‘Absolutely not’’.”.”‘‘Absolutely not’’.”.”

Textbooks Promoting Bad ScienceTextbooks Promoting Bad Science

“Some 3.7 million years ago, several bipedal (upright-walking) human animals of the species Australopithecus afarensis left footprints in damp volcanic ash in what is now Tanzania in East Africa.”

“Some 3.7 million years ago, several bipedal (upright-walking) human animals of the species Australopithecus afarensis left footprints in damp volcanic ash in what is now Tanzania in East Africa.”

Biology: Concepts and Connections, 2000, p. 404.Biology: Concepts and Connections, 2000, p. 404.

Did Lucy Walk Upright?Did Lucy Walk Upright? 1987 Charles Oxnard (Professor of Anatomy and

Human Biology) Computer analysis

“Dr. Charles Oxnard and Sir Solly Zuckerman were leaders in the development of a powerful multivariate analysis procedure.

This computerized technique simultaneously performs millions of comparisons on hundreds of corresponding dimensions of the bones of living apes, humans, and the australopithecines.

Their verdict, that the australopithecines are not intermediate between man and living apes, is quite different from the more subjective and less analytical visual techniques of most anthropolgists. --- Walter T. Brown, In the Beginning (1989), p.39

1987 Charles Oxnard (Professor of Anatomy and Human Biology) Computer analysis

“Dr. Charles Oxnard and Sir Solly Zuckerman were leaders in the development of a powerful multivariate analysis procedure.

This computerized technique simultaneously performs millions of comparisons on hundreds of corresponding dimensions of the bones of living apes, humans, and the australopithecines.

Their verdict, that the australopithecines are not intermediate between man and living apes, is quite different from the more subjective and less analytical visual techniques of most anthropolgists. --- Walter T. Brown, In the Beginning (1989), p.39

Did Lucy Walk Upright?Did Lucy Walk Upright?

1992American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Walked like chimpanzees

1993Christine Tardieu, (Anthropologist) reported, “Its locking mechanism was not

developed.”

1994Journal of Human Evolution, A Biochemical Study of the Hip and Thigh

1992American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Walked like chimpanzees

1993Christine Tardieu, (Anthropologist) reported, “Its locking mechanism was not

developed.”

1994Journal of Human Evolution, A Biochemical Study of the Hip and Thigh

Did Lucy Walk Upright?Did Lucy Walk Upright?

“The australopithecines known over the last several decades … are now irrevocably removed from a place in the evolution of human bipedalism,…All this should make us wonder about the usual presentation of human evolution in introductory textbooks…”

“The australopithecines known over the last several decades … are now irrevocably removed from a place in the evolution of human bipedalism,…All this should make us wonder about the usual presentation of human evolution in introductory textbooks…”

Charles Oxnard (professor of anatomy and leading expert on australopithecine fossils), The Order of Man: A Biomathematical Anatomy of the Primates, 1984, p. 332.

Charles Oxnard (professor of anatomy and leading expert on australopithecine fossils), The Order of Man: A Biomathematical Anatomy of the Primates, 1984, p. 332.

10 Unique Characteristics10 Unique Characteristics

1. Fine balance2. Flat face3. Upright skull4. Straight back5. Fully extendable hip joints6. Angled femur bones7. Fully extendable knee joints8. Long legs9. Arched feet10. Strong big toes

1. Fine balance2. Flat face3. Upright skull4. Straight back5. Fully extendable hip joints6. Angled femur bones7. Fully extendable knee joints8. Long legs9. Arched feet10. Strong big toes

Textbooks and AccuracyTextbooks and Accuracy

Biology: The Web of Life, 1993 Biology: The Web of Life, 1993

1TeethTeeth

3 Flatter faceFlatter face2Eye socketEye socket

ScientistsScientists Linda K. Walkup, Ph.D. Genetics Todd Wood, Ph.D. Genetics Lane Lester, Ph.D. Genetics James S. Allan, Ph.D. Genetics Andre Eggen, Ph.D. Genetics Maciej Giertych, Ph.D. Genetics Leonard Korochkin, M.D., Genetics and Neurobiology Kimberly Berrine, Ph.D., Microbiology & Immunology Duane Gish, Ph.D. Biochemistry Harriet Kim, Ph.D. Biochemistry Bob Hoskin, Ph.D. Biochemistry Neil Huber, Ph.D. Physical Anthropology Kyoung-Tai Kim, Ph.D. Genetic Engineering

Linda K. Walkup, Ph.D. Genetics Todd Wood, Ph.D. Genetics Lane Lester, Ph.D. Genetics James S. Allan, Ph.D. Genetics Andre Eggen, Ph.D. Genetics Maciej Giertych, Ph.D. Genetics Leonard Korochkin, M.D., Genetics and Neurobiology Kimberly Berrine, Ph.D., Microbiology & Immunology Duane Gish, Ph.D. Biochemistry Harriet Kim, Ph.D. Biochemistry Bob Hoskin, Ph.D. Biochemistry Neil Huber, Ph.D. Physical Anthropology Kyoung-Tai Kim, Ph.D. Genetic Engineering

SummarySummary Evolutionists ignore the scientific evidence

Evolutionists create misleading pictures in textbooks to support evolution

Evolutionists practice censorship

The scientific evidence supports Lucy was an extinct type of chimpanzee

All the evidence supports “Created after their kind”, “Made in the image and likeness of God”

Evolutionists ignore the scientific evidence

Evolutionists create misleading pictures in textbooks to support evolution

Evolutionists practice censorship

The scientific evidence supports Lucy was an extinct type of chimpanzee

All the evidence supports “Created after their kind”, “Made in the image and likeness of God”

What Does All This Mean?

What Does All This Mean?

Who Am I ?Who Am I ?

EvolutionEvolutionAn animal with higher intelligenceAn animal with higher intelligence

Bible (Creation)Bible (Creation)Made in the image and likeness of God (Genesis 1:27)Made in the image and likeness of God (Genesis 1:27)

Fearfully and wonderfully made (Psalm 139:14)Fearfully and wonderfully made (Psalm 139:14)

Why Am I Here ?Why Am I Here ?

EvolutionEvolution

Bible (Creation)Bible (Creation)Because of God’s love (John 3:16, Romans 5:8, Titus 3:3-5)

Because of God’s love (John 3:16, Romans 5:8, Titus 3:3-5)

A chance accident made my existence possibleA chance accident made my existence possible

What Is The Purpose of Life ?What Is The Purpose of Life ?

EvolutionEvolution

Bible (Creation)Bible (Creation)

Whatever we make itWhatever we make it

To know, love, glorify, obey, and enjoy GodTo know, love, glorify, obey, and enjoy God

Matthew 22:37, John 14:6, Matthew 7:23, Rev 4:10-11, 14:6-7, 1John 4:9, Philippians 1:21, 1Peter 2:17, Proverbs 1:7, Hebrews 5:9

Matthew 22:37, John 14:6, Matthew 7:23, Rev 4:10-11, 14:6-7, 1John 4:9, Philippians 1:21, 1Peter 2:17, Proverbs 1:7, Hebrews 5:9

What Happens When I Die ?What Happens When I Die ?

EvolutionEvolution

Bible (Creation)Bible (Creation)

We go back to dust and that is the end of lifeWe go back to dust and that is the end of life

It depends on your relationship with Jesus Christ (Romans 3:23, 6:23, John 3:3, 14:16, Romans 10:9)

It depends on your relationship with Jesus Christ (Romans 3:23, 6:23, John 3:3, 14:16, Romans 10:9)

I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well.

Psalm 139:14