Topic: Classification

Aim: Explain the classification system we use today.

Do Now: Take out test so we can finish going over it.

HW: Ditto – Microscope Review

Castle learning – Microscope due on Monday!

Microscope test is on Tuesday!

Describe one way all students in this class can be separated into groups, or classified.

Aristotle (384BC-322BC) developed the first classification system, which divided all known organisms into two groups: PLANTS and ANIMALS.

Aristotle then divided each of these main groups into 3smaller groups.

Animal Subgroups: Land, Water, Air

Plant Subgroups: Small, Medium, Large

Scientists have identified more than 2.5 million different organisms. And their job isn’t even close to being finished! Some biologists estimate that there may be at least 7 million different kinds of organisms living in tropical rain forests and in the depths of Earth’s oceans. No wonder why we need to classify!

Classification•Grouping of different types of organisms based on similar characteristics

Taxonomy•Branch of biology that deals with classification of living things

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) like Aristotle, classified organisms according to their traits. The classification systems of both Aristotle and Linnaeus started with the same two groups: Plants and Animals. Linnaeus called these groups kingdoms. But, unlike Aristotle, Linnaeus divided kingdom into 5 levels. Organisms were placed in these levels based on traits, including similarities of body parts , physical form such as size, shape, and methods of getting food.

What classification system do we use?

•Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s)

•All organisms are divided into 7 levels of classification

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

•Largest group

•Very diverse

Smallest groups and most closely related to each other

Kings

Play

Chess

On

Fine

Green

Stools

Species•One kind of organism that can mate with each other & produce fertile offspring

Kingdom

Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum

Topic: Classification

Aim: Explain the method we use today for naimg organisms.

Do Now: How similar are two organisms in the same species?

HW: Read pages 23-26 in your textbook. Write down the 10 most important concepts you read. Every statement must be in complete sentences.

Naming organisms

Before Linnaeus developed his naming system, plants and animals were named by a series of Latin words that described the physical appearance of the organism. This was very confusing. For example, let’s look at the first name of the honey bee.

Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliatus. This means “fuzzy bee, light

gray middle, brown body, smooth hind legs that have a small bag edged with tiny hairs.” Linnaeus named it Apis mellifera which means “honey-bearing bee.”

Binomial Nomenclature

•Method used to name organisms

•Devised by Carolus Linnaeus

•2 names–Genus species

Humans = Homo sapiens

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammal

Order Primate

Family Homoide

Genus Homo

Species sapiens

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Cordata

Class Mammalia

Order Carnivora

Family Canidae

Genus Canis

Species Lupus (the wolf)

Canis lupus

Dichotomous Key

•Detailed list of characteristics used to identify an organism

•Arranged in steps with 2 descriptive statements at each step

Topic: Classification

Aim: To practice using a dichotomous key.

Do Now:

1.Explain the difference between passive and active transport.

2.Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

HW: Finish the Dichotomous Key.

C6H12O6 alcohol + CO2 + energy

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O energy

C6H12O6 lactic acid + energy

The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to:

1.absorb and distribute materials

2.obtain and break down materials

3.release energy from food

4.produce cellular waste products

During a 15-minute exercise period, Phil did push-ups in four 2-minute trials (A-D). The graph shows how many push-ups Phil did in each trial.

The build-up of lactic acid in Phil's muscle tissue was greatest during trial

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D

The molecules are moving out of the cells, as indicated by the arrows. The # of dots inside and outside of the 2 cells represents the relative concentrations of the molecules inside and outside of the cells

ATP is being used to move the molecules out of the cell by

1.cell A, only

2.cell B, only

3.both cell A and cell B

4.neither cell A nor cell B

A student squeezes a clothespin as rapidly as possible for one minute. Without stopping to rest, the student continues to squeeze the clothespin for a second minute. At the end of the second minute, the student’s fingers and hand feel very cramped and tired. The physical tiredness and cramping in the muscles in the student’s hand were most likely due to the increased production of

1. ATP 2. waste products

3. oxygen 4. glucose

Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?

1.Glucose would diffuse into the cell.

2.Protein would diffuse out of the cell.

3.Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.

4.Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.

Review:

1. Which of the following places the seven major classification groups in order from largest to smallest?

(1.) phylum, class, kingdom, order, family, genus, species

(2.) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

(3.) kingdom, phylum, order, family, class, genus, species

(4.) genus, species, class, order, kingdom, family, phylum

2. The scientific name for a lion is Panthera Leo. The word Panthera tells us the lion’s

(1.) kingdom

(2.) phylum

(3.) genus

(4.) species

3. Members of a population of gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, are classified in the same species because they

(1.) obtain their food in the same manner

(2.) produce enzymes by synthesis

(3.) can mate and produce fertile offspring

(4.) live in the same area

4. In today’s classification system, 2 organisms would be most closely related if they were classified in the same

(1.) kingdom

(2.) phylum

(3.)genus

(4.)species

5. Which classification category contains the greatest number of different types of organisms?

(1.) kingdom

(2.) phylum

(3.) genus

(4.) species

Let’s summarize…

1. How are organisms classified in the classification system used today?

2. Explain the difference between a kingdom and a species.

3. Explain the method used for naming organisms.

4. In a dichotomous key, how many descriptive statements are found in each step?

5. When starting a dichotomous key, which step do you start with?

6. What do you do if the first statement is false?

Dolphin Tursiops truncatus

Raccoon Procyon lotor

Fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster