topic 1-waste management-introduction

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Waste Management

HVB 32203

WASTE: AN INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION

Having relied for too long on the old strategy

out of sight, out of mind. we are now

running out of ways to dispose of our waste in

a manner that keeps it out of either sight or

mind.-from Earth in the Balance (1992)-


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DEFINITIONTerms Definition

Waste Objects that are rejected or worthless or unwanted; thoughtless or

inappropriate use.

Refuse Waste material composed of garbage, rubbish and ashes; products

that can be blown out of a landfill like paper products or trash bags.

Garbage Discarded food or organic matter

Rubbish Combustible and noncombustible solid waste generated from

peoples activities; includes paper, beverage cans, yard trimmings

and can be articles difficult to decompose, such as furniture, old

refrigerators and tires.

Trash Materials considered worthless, unnecessary and offensive; usually

discarded or thrown away; parts that have been broken off.

Commercial waste Discarded objects from construction, service industries, and food

packaging.


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Terms Definition

Industrial waste Mining, power plant, and manufacturing products from

paper mills, and chemical plants that are thrown away.

Municipal solid waste Community waste


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CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE

Solid waste

Hazardous waste

Clinical waste

Radioactive waste

E-waste


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SOLID WASTE

Consists of materials that no one wants.

Includes refuse and items that people throw

away.

Refuse consists of garbage, rubbish, ashes,

and solids from human activities.

Garbage is organic materials from food.

Rubbish consists of unusable paper, plastic,

cans, wood, paper, and other products.


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HAZARDOUS WASTE

Definition of hazardous waste varies according to agencies.

Hazardous waste is any waste that is capable of causinghazard effects to human health or the environment.

WHO definition (1983):

Hazardous waste is waste that has physical, chemical and

biological characteristics that need special rules in itsmanagement and disposal in order to avoid risks towardshuman health and bad effects on the environment.


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CLINICAL WASTE

Medical waste is generally defined as any solidwaste that is generated in the diagnosis,treatment or immunization of human beings

or animals, in research pertaining thereto, orin the production or testing of biological,including but not limited to:

Soiled or blood-soaked bandages

Culture dishes and other glassware

Discarded surgical instruments


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RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Material containing the unusable radioactive

by products of the scientific, military, and

industrial applications of nuclear energy.

Radioactive by-products from the operation of

a nuclear reactor or from the reprocessing of

depleted nuclear waste.


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E-WASTE


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ISSUES AND CHALLANGES

Waste management is a major challenge in

urban areas throughout the world.

Without an effective and efficient waste

management- waste generated from various

human activities, both industrial and

domestic-can result in health hazards-

negative impact to the environment.


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Policy and legislation

Sources and quantities

Storage, collection/transportation, treatmentand disposal

Infrastructures

Green productivity practices


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Policy and Legislation

Like many other developing countries in theworld, concerns in the region are growing in boththe governmental and public sectors for an

effective and economic management of solidwaste.

The lack of awareness, technical knowledge,

legislation, policies, and long-term strategy aremajor issues for solid-waste management inAsian developing countries.


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Sources and Quantities

The sources and quantities of solid waste

depend on various factors such as economics,

culture, heritage, industrialization, and

season.

The sources of solid waste include: domestic

waste, commercial waste, hospital waste, and

hazardous waste.


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Storage, Collection, Transportation,

Treatment and Disposal

Needs a proper and systematic methods.


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INFRASTRUCTURES

Main disposal methods: open dumping and

sanitary landfill.

Environmental condition of the uncontrolled

dumpsites is extremely vulnerable.


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GREEN PRODUCTIVITY

Increasing amount of waste in their municipalities.

GP: reduce, recycling, reuse, recovery are essentialelements.

Rapid growth rate of waste in the cities. National awareness campaign on GP measures to

promote recycling.

GP measures not only reduce waste, but alsorecover useful resources as well.

The rate of recycling in Asian developing countriesis far from satisfactory.


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Waste Management: discipline associated

with controlling the generation, storage,

collection, transfer, transport, processing and

disposal of waste: in a manner that is inaccordance with the best principles of health,

economics, engineering, conservation,

aesthetics, and other environmentalconsiderations.



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Challenge and issues

Increasing waste quantities

Unreported waste in the MSW totals

Lack of clear definition about solid wastemanagement terms & functions

Lack of quantity data

Need for even and predictable enforcementregulations and standards


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CHALLENGES

Highly dependent on dumpsite. More land neededto replace the closed dumpsites

Disposal of MSW without much resource recovery

Emission of greenhouse gases

Exposure to rainwater-generates leachate

Contamination of surface & groundwater byleachate

Exposure to disease vectors Scavenging activity at the landfill site

Unsustainable solution


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References

Paul T. William. (2005). Waste Treatment and

Disposal. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 2nd

Edition.

Kathryn H. Kamp. (2005). Environmental

Health Ecological Perspectives. Jones and

Bartlett Pub.

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