top 10 terrifying prehistoric sea monsters

8/2/2019 Top 10 Terrifying Prehistoric Sea Monsters

1/4

Vacuum cleaners

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

French train vacuum cleaner.

A vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an airpump tocreate a partial vacuum to suckup dust and dirt, usually

from floors, and optionally from other surfaces as well. Thedirt is collected by either a dustbag or a cyclone for laterdisposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as wellas in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and models smallbattery-operated hand-held devices, domestic centralvacuum cleaners, huge stationary industrial appliances thatcan handle several hundred litres of dust before beingemptied, and self-propelled vacuum trucks for recovery oflarge spills or removal of contaminated soil.

A hand-powered pneumatic vacuum cleaner, circa 1910.An early electric-powered model is also shown

Early electric vacuum cleaner by Electric SuctionSweeper Company, circa 1908

The vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeperviamanual vacuum cleaners. The first manual models, usingbellows, came in the 1860s, and the first motorized modecame in the beginning of the 20th century. Daniel Hess oWest Union, Iowa invented a vacuum cleaner in 1860,calling it a carpet sweeper instead of a vacuum cleaner. Hmachine did, in fact, have a rotating brush like a traditioncarpet sweeper, and also possessed an elaborate bellows

mechanism on top of the body to generate suction of dusand dirt. Hess received a patent (US No. 29.077) for hisinvention of the vacuum cleaner on July 10, 1860. The fmanually powered cleaner using vacuum principles was t"Whirlwind", invented in Chicago in 1868 by Ives W.McGaffey. The machine was lightweight and compact, bwas difficult to operate because of the need to turn a hancrank at the same time as pushing it across the floor.McGaffey enlisted the help of The American CarpetCleaning Co. of Boston to market it to the public. It wassold for $25. It is hard to determine how successful theWhirlwind was, as most of them were sold in Chicago an

Boston, and it is likely that many were lost in the GreatChicago Fire of 1871. Only two are known to havesurvived, one of which can be found in the HooverHistorical Center. McGaffey was but one of many 19th-century inventors in the United States and Europe whodevised manual vacuum cleaners. He obtained a patent (UNo. 91,145) on June 8, 1869. In 1876, Melville R. BisseofGrand Rapids, Michigan created a push-powered carpsweeper for his wife, Anna Sutherland Bissell, to clean usawdust in carpeting. Shortly after, Bissell Carpet Sweepwere born. After Melville died unexpectedly in 1889, Antook control of the company and became one of the mostpowerful businesswomen of the day.[4] The company late

added portable vacuum cleaners to its line of cleaning toOn November 14, 1898, John S. Thurman ofSt. Louis,Missouri, submitted a patent (US No. 634,042) for a"pneumatic carpet renovator". It was issued on October 31899.[5]Thurman created a gasoline powered carpet cleanfor the General Compressed Air Company. In a newspapadvertisement from the St. Louis Dispatch, Thurman offehis invention of the horse drawn (which went door to doomotorized cleaning system in St. Louis. He offered cleanservices at $4 per visit. By 1906, Thurman was offeringbuilt-in central cleaning systems that used compressed aiyet featured no dust collection. Thurman's machine is

sometimes considered the first vacuum cleaner. Howeverthe dust was blown into a receptacle rather than beingsucked in, as in the machine now used.[6] In later patentlitigation, Judge Augustus Hand ruled that Thurman "doenot appear to have attempted to design a vacuum cleanerto have understood the process of vacuum cleaning".Hubert Cecil Booth has the strongest claim to inventingthe motorized vacuum cleaner, in 1901.[6] As Booth recaldecades later, that year he attended a demonstration of aAmerican machine by its inventor at the Empire MusicHall in London. The inventor is not named, but Boothsdescription of the machine conforms fairly closely toThurmans design, as modified in later patents. Booth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic_separationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet_sweeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_vacuum_cleanershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Union,_Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ives_W._McGaffey&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ives_W._McGaffey&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_vacuum_cleanershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_R._Bissellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sutherland_Bissellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawdusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissell_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesswomenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Noble_Handhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Cecil_Boothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuum_cleaner_bag.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NMAH_DC_-_IMG_8859.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuum_cleaner_1910.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuum_Cleaner_1906.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wagon_aspirateur_laveur.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wagon_aspirateur_laveur.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic_separationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet_sweeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_vacuum_cleanershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Union,_Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ives_W._McGaffey&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ives_W._McGaffey&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_vacuum_cleanershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_R._Bissellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sutherland_Bissellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawdusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissell_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesswomenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Noble_Handhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Cecil_Boothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump


2/4

watched a demonstration of the device which blew dust offthe chairs, and thought it would be much more useful tohave one that sucked dust. He tested the idea by laying ahandkerchief on the seat of a restaurant chair, putting hismouth to the handkerchief, and then trying to suck up asmuch dust as he could onto the handkerchief. Upon seeingthe dust and dirt collected on the underside of thehandkerchief he realized the idea could work. Booth createda large device,[8] driven first by an oil engine, and later byan electric motor. Nicknamed the "Puffing Billy",[9]Booth's

first petrol-powered, horse-drawn vacuum cleaner reliedupon air drawn by a piston pump through a cloth filter. Itdid not contain any brushes; all the cleaning was done bysuction through long tubes with nozzles on the ends. Boothinitially did not attempt to sell his machine, but rather soldcleaning services. The vans of the British Vacuum CleaningCompany were bright red; uniformed operators would haulhose off the van and route it through the windows of abuilding to reach all the rooms inside. Booth was harassedby complaints about the noise of his vacuum machines andwas even fined for frightening horses.[citation needed] Gaining theroyal seal of approval, Booth's motorized vacuum cleanerwas used to clean the carpets ofWestminster Abbeyprior to

Edward VI's coronation in 1901. Booth received his firstpatents on February 18 and August 30, 1901. Booth startedthe British Vacuum Cleaner Company, and refined hisinvention over the next several decades. Though his"Goblin" model lost out to competition from Hoover in thehousehold vacuum market, his company successfully turnedits focus to the industrial market, building ever-largermodels for factories and warehouses. Booth's company,now BVC, lives on today as a unit of pneumatic tubesystem maker Quirepace Ltd.Nine patents granted to theNew Jersey inventorDavid T. Kenney between 1903 and1913 established the foundation for the American vacuum

cleaner industry. Membership in the Vacuum CleanerManufacturers' Association, formed in 1919, was limited tolicensees under his patents. In 1905 "Griffith's ImprovedVacuum Apparatus for Removing Dust from Carpets" wasanother manually operated cleaner, patented by WalterGriffiths Manufacturer, Birmingham,England. It wasportable, easy to store, and powered by "any one person(such as the ordinary domestic servant)", who would havethe task of compressing a bellows-like contraption to suckup dust through a removable, flexible pipe, to which avariety of shaped nozzles could be attached. This wasarguably the first domestic vacuum-cleaning device toresemble the modern vacuum cleaner. German immigrant

engineer Hermann Bogenschild filed a patent in 1906 for amechanical "dust removing apparatus". He had emigratedfrom Berlin to Milwaukee in 1892. Bogenschild's devicewas mounted on wheels for portability and its motor wasconnected to a hose and filter system. In 1907, JamesMurray Spangler, a janitorfrom Canton, Ohio, invented thefirst practical, portable vacuum cleaner.[10] Crucially, inaddition to suction that used an electric fan, a box, and oneof his wife's pillowcases, Spangler's design incorporated arotating brush to loosen debris. Unable to produce thedesign himself due to lack of funding, he sold the patent in1908 to William Henry Hoover who had Spangler's

machine redesigned with a steel casing, casters, and

attachments. Subsequent innovations included the firstdisposal filter bags in the 1920s and the first uprightvacuum cleaner in 1926. Spangler patented his rotating-brush design June 2, 1908, and eventually sold the idea tohis cousin's husband, Hoover. He was looking for a newproduct to sell, as the leather goods produced by his 'HooHarness and Leather Goods' company were becomingobsolete, because of the invention of the automobile. In tUnited States and other countries, the Hoover Companyremains one of the leading manufacturers of household

goods, including vacuum cleaners; and Hoover became vwealthy from the invention. Indeed, in Britain the nameHoover became synonymous with the vacuum cleaner somuch so that one "Hoovers one's carpets". Initially called'The Electric Suction Sweeper Company' - their firstvacuum was the 1908 Model O, which sold for $60.Hoover is also notable for an unusual vacuum cleaner, thHooverConstellation, which is a cylinder type but lackswheels. Instead, the vacuum cleaner floats on its exhaustoperating as a hovercraft, although this is not true of theearliest models. They had a swivel top hose with theintention being that the user would place the unit in thecenter of the room, and work around the cleaner. Introdu

in 1952, they are collectible, and are easily identified by spherical shape of the housing. They tended to be loud, hpoor cleaning power, and could not float over carpets. Buthey remain an interesting machine; restored, they workwell in homes with lots of hardwood floors. TheConstellations were changed and updated over the yearsuntil discontinued in 1975. These Constellations route althe exhaust under the vacuum using a different airfoil. Thupdated design is quiet even by modern standards,particularly on carpet as it muffles the sound. These modfloat on carpet or bare flooralthough on hard flooring, exhaust air tends to scatter any fluff or debris around.

Hoover has now re-released an updated version of this lamodel Constellation in the US (model # S3341 in PearlWhite and # S3345 in stainless steel). Changes include aHEPA filtration bag, a 12 amp motor, a suction turbinepowered rotating brush floor head, and a redesigned versof the handle, which tended to break. This same model wmarketed in the UK under the Maytag brand as the Satelbecause of licensing restrictions. The 5.2 amp motor onolder US units provides respectable suction but they all la motorized brush head. Therefore they generally workbetter on hard floors or short pile rugs. Old units takeHoover type J paper bags but the slightly smaller type Sallergen filtration bags can be easily trimmed to fit the

retaining notches on the old vacuums. Replacement motoare still available from Hoover US for some models.Hoover made another hovering vacuum cleaner modelcalled the Celebrity in 1973. It has a flattened "flyingsaucer" shape. Hoover added wheels to it to make it aconventional cylinder model after a brief run as a hoverinvacuum. It uses "Type H" bags. In 1910, P.A. Fiskerpatented a vacuum cleaner using a name based on thecompanys telegram addressNilfisk. It was the firstelectric vacuum cleaner in Europe. His design weighed ju17.5 kg and could be operated by a single person. Thecompany Fisker and Nielsen was formed just a few years

before. Today the Nilfisk vacuums are delivered by Nilfi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Vacuum_Cleaning_Company&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Vacuum_Cleaning_Company&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_T._Kenneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_Cleaner_Manufacturers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_Cleaner_Manufacturers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birminghamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_servanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Spanglerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Spanglerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hoover_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovercrafthttp://www.137.com/museum/hoovcon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilfisk-Advancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Vacuum_Cleaning_Company&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Vacuum_Cleaning_Company&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_T._Kenneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_Cleaner_Manufacturers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vacuum_Cleaner_Manufacturers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birminghamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_servanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Spanglerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Spanglerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hoover_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovercrafthttp://www.137.com/museum/hoovcon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilfisk-Advance


3/4

Advance. The first vacuum cleaners were bulky stand-upunits and not easily portable. But in 1921 Electroluxlaunched the Model V, that was designed to lie on the flooron two thin metal runners. This innovation, conceived byElectrolux founderAxel Wenner-Gren, became a standardfeature on generations of future vacuum cleaners. There is arecorded example of a 1930s Electrolux vacuum cleanersurviving in use for over 70 years, finally breaking in 2008.[13]

ADysonDC07 upright cyclonic vacuum cleaner usingcentrifugal force to separate dust and particles from the airflowing through the cylindrical collection vessel For manyyears after their introduction, vacuum cleaners remained aluxury item, but after World War II they became commonamong the middle classes. Vacuums tend to be morecommon in Western countries because, in most other partsof the world wall-to-wall carpeting is uncommon[citation needed]

and homes have tile orhardwood floors, which are easily

swept, wiped, or mopped manually without power assist.The last decades of the twentieth century saw the morewidespread use of technologies developed earlier, includingfilter less cyclonic dirt separation, central vacuum systems,and rechargeable hand-held vacuums. In addition,miniaturized computer technology and improved batteriesallowed the development of a new type of machine theautonomous robotic vacuum cleaner. In 2004 a Britishcompany released Airider, a hovering vacuum cleaner thatfloats on a cushion of air. It has claimed to be light weightand easier to maneuver (compared to using wheels),although it is not the first vacuum cleaner to do this the

Hoover Constellation predated it by at least 35 years. ABritish inventor has developed a new cleaning technologyknown as Air Recycling Technology which instead of usinga vacuum uses an air stream to collect dust from the carpet.[14]This technology was tested by the MarketTransformation Programme (MTP) and shown to be moreenergy efficient than the vacuum method.[15]Althoughworking prototypes exist, Air Recycling Technology is notcurrently used in any production cleaner. A wide variety oftechnologies, designs, and configurations are available forboth domestic and commercial cleaning jobs. Uprightvacuum cleaners are common in the US, Britain and severalCommonwealth countries, but very unusual in Continental

Europe. They take the form of a cleaning head, onto which

a handle and bag are attached. Upright designs usuallyemploy a rotating brushroll or beater bar, which removesdirt through a combination of sweeping and vibration. Thare two types of upright vacuums; dirty-air/direct fan (fomostly on commercial vacuums), or clean-air/fan-bypass(found on most of today's domestic vacuums). The olderthe two designs, direct-fan cleaners have a large impeller(fan) mounted close to the suction opening, through whicthe dirt passes directly, before being blown into a bag. Thmotor is often cooled by a separate cooling fan. Because

their large-bladed fans, and comparatively short air pathsdirect-fan cleaners create a very efficient airflow from a amount of power, and make great carpet cleaners. Their"above-floor" cleaning power is less efficient, since theairflow is lost when it passes through a long hose, and thfan has been optimized for airflow volume and not suctioFan-bypass uprights have their motor mounted after thefilter bag. Dust is removed from the airstream by the bagand usually a filter, before it passes through the fan. Thefans are smaller, and are usually a combination of severamoving and stationary turbines working in sequence toboost power. The motor is cooled by the airstream passinthrough it. Fan-bypass vacuums are good for both carpet

and above-floor cleaning, since their suction does notsignificantly diminish over the distance of a hose, as it doin direct-fan cleaners. However, their air-paths are muchless efficient, and can require more than twice as muchpower as direct-fan cleaners to achieve the same results.The least common upright vacuum cleaners use a drive-bpowered by the suction motor to rotate the brush-roll.However, a more common design of dual motor upright iavailable. In these cleaners, the suction is provided via alarge motor, while the brushroll is powered by a separatesmaller motor, which does not create any suction. Thebrush-roll motor can sometimes be switched off, so hard

floors can be cleaned without the brush-roll scattering thdirt. It may also have an automatic cut-off feature, whichshuts the motor off if the brush-roll becomes jammed,protecting it from damage. Cylinder models (in the US aoften called canister models) dominate the Europeanmarket. They have the motor and dust collector (using a bor bagless) in a separate unit, usually mounted on wheelswhich is connected to the vacuum head by a flexible hosTheir main advantage is flexibility, as you can attachdifferent heads for different tasks, and maneuverability (head can reach under furniture and makes it very easy tovacuum stairs and vertical surfaces. Many cylinder modehave power heads, as standard or add-on equipment, whi

contain the same sort of mechanical beaters as in uprightunits, making them as efficient on carpets as uprightmodels. Such beaters are driven by a separate electric moor a turbine which uses the suction power to spin thebrushroll via a drive belt.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilfisk-Advancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Wenner-Grenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_(company)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_(company)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitted_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwood_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airider&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vacuum_cleaner.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hoover_1960_Vacuum_cleaner_img_1403.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dyson.cleaner.dc07.arp.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilfisk-Advancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroluxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Wenner-Grenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_(company)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitted_carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwood_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airider&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Europe


4/4

Drum orshop vac models are essentially heavy-dutyindustrial versions of cylinder vacuum cleaners, where thecylinder consists of a large vertically positioned drum,which can be stationary or on wheels. Smaller versions, foruse in garages or small workshops, are usually electricallypowered. Larger models, which can store over 200 litres (53US gallons), are often hooked up to compressed air,utilizing the Venturi effect to produce a partial vacuum.Wet orwet/dry vacuum cleaners are a specialized form ofthe cylinder/drum models that can be used to clean up wetor liquid spills. They commonly can accommodate both wetand dry soilage; some are also equipped with a switch or

exhaust port for reversing the airflow, a useful function foreverything from clearing a clogged hose to blowing dustinto a corner for easy collection. Pneumatic orpneumaticwet/dry vacuum cleaners are a specialized form of wet/drymodels that hook up to compressed air. They commonly canaccommodate both wet and dry soilage, a useful feature inindustrial plants and manufacturing facilities. Backpackvacuum cleaners are commonly used for commercialcleaning: they allow the user to move rapidly about a largearea. They are essentially cylinder vacuum cleanersstrapped on the user's back. Lightweight hand-held vacuumcleaners, either powered from rechargeable batteries ormains power, are also popular for cleaning up smaller spills.Frequently seen examples include the Black & DeckerDustBuster, introduced in 1979, and the various hand-heldmodels from Dirt Devil, first introduced in 1984. Somebattery-powered handheld vacuums are wet/dry rated; theappliance must be partially disassembled and cleaned afterpicking up wet materials, to avoid developing unpleasantodors. In early 1999/2000 several companies developedrobotic vacuum cleaners, a form ofcarpet sweeper,usually equipped with limited suction power. Someexamples are Roomba,Robomaxx,Intellibot, Trilobite,FloorBot and Dyson. These machines move autonomously,usually in a mostly chaotic pattern ("random bounce")

across a floor, collecting surface dust and debris into adustbin. They usually can navigate around furniture andcome back to a docking station to charge their batteries, anda few are able to empty their dust containers into the dockas well. Most robotic vacuum cleaners are designed forhome use, although there are more capable models foroperation in offices, hotels, hospitals, woodshops, etc. Mostmodels are equipped with motorized brushes that sweepdebris from the floor into a collection bin. Additionally,some such as the Roomba are equipped with an impellermotor to create an actual vacuum, to collect finer dustparticles. By the end of 2003 about 570,000 units were soldworldwide. The Dyson robotic vacuum cleaner (DC06) was

too expensive for home use due to its high technicalspecifications. Thus, it was never released, although it isclaimed that it would have been the first robotic vacuumcleaner sold.[dubiousdiscuss][18]Portable vacuum cleanersworking on the cyclonic separation principle becamepopular in the 1990s. This dirt separation principle was wknown and often used in central vacuum systems.Cleveland's P.A. Geier Company had obtained a patent ocyclonic vacuum cleaner as early as 1928, which was latsold to Health-Mor in 1939, introducing the Filter Queen

cyclonic canister vacuum cleaner.[19]

In 1979, James Dysintroduced a portable unit with cyclonic separation,adapting this design from industrial saw mills.[20]Helaunched his cyclone cleaner first in Japan in the 1980s acost of about US$1800 and in 1993 brought out the DysoDC01 upright in the UK for 200. Critics expected thatpeople would not buy a vacuum cleaner at twice the prica conventional unit, but the Dyson design later became thmost popular cleaner in the UK.[21] Cyclonic cleaners do use filtration bags. Instead, the dust is separated in adetachable cylindrical collection vessel or bin. Air and duare sucked at high speed into the collection vessel at adirection tangential to the vessel wall, creating a fast-

spinning vortex. The dust particles and other debris movthe outside of the vessel by centrifugal force, where theyfall due to gravity. In fixed-installation central vacuumcleaners, the cleaned air may be exhausted directly outsidwithout need for further filtration. A well-designed cyclofiltration system does not lose suction power due to airflorestriction, until the collection vessel is almost full. This in marked contrast to filter bag systems, which lose suctias pores in the filter become clogged as dirt and dust arecollected. In portable cyclonic models, the cleaned air frothe center of the vortex is expelled from the machine aftepassing through a number of successively finer filters at

top of the container. The first filter is intended to trapparticles which could damage the subsequent filters thatremove fine dust particles. The filters must regularly becleaned or replaced to ensure that the machine continuesperform efficiently. Since Dyson's success in raising pubawareness of cyclonic separation, several other companiehave introduced cyclone models. Competing manufacturinclude Hoover, Bissell, Eureka, Electrolux, Filter Queenetc., and the cheapest models are no more expensive thanconventional cleaner.

Tests have shown that vacuuming can kill 100% of younfleas and 96% of adult fleas.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_batterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_&_Decker_DustBusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_&_Decker_DustBusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_Devilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet_sweeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roombahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robomaxxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intellibot&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolux_Trilobitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FloorBot&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_robothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustbinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic_separationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC01http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panasonic_MCE8013_vacuum_cleaner_close.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electrolux_trilobite.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USBVacuumCleaner.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Craftsman_16_Gallon_Wet-Dry_Vac_.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_batterieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_&_Decker_DustBusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_&_Decker_DustBusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_Devilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_vacuum_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet_sweeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roombahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robomaxxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intellibot&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolux_Trilobitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FloorBot&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_robothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustbinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic_separationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_vacuumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dysonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC01http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force

top 10 terrifying prehistoric sea monsters

Documents