Guide – Dr. Varsha Rathod

Dr. Ibrahim Shaikh

1st Year MDS Periodontology

Seminar No. 2 – Part B

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Types of Toothbrushes

According to Manipulation.

According to Length/Size.

According to the Bristle Diameter.

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Modifications

Yankell has described four basic types of handle and shank design

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Allet et al.

Finkelstein & Grosssman.

Davies et al.

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Head design(Yankell)

1. Diamond

2. Square

3. Square with rounded toe

4. Oval

Bristle design(Yankell)

1. Flat

2. Convex

3. Concave

4. Multilevel (more effective)

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Colgate 360˚7

Sonic Toothbrushes

These types of toothbrushes produce high frequency vibrations

(1.6MHz)which leads to the phenomenon of cavitation and

acoustic micro streaming. This phenomenon aids in stain

removal as well as disruption of the bacterial cell wall

(bactericidal).

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Ionic Toothbrushes

Ionic toothbrushes change the surface charge of a tooth by an influx of positively charged ions.

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CARE OF TOOTHBRUSHES

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Brush Replacement

Frequent replacement recommended; every 3 months

Brushes need to be replaced before filaments become splayed or frayed or lose resiliency.

Brush contamination occurs with use.

Patients who are debilitated, immunosuppresed, have a known infection can be advised to disinfect their brushes or use disposable brushes.

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Cleaning Toothbrushes 12

Modes of Disinfection

1. Chemical disinfectants.

2. Brush sprays.

3. UV light tooth brush sanitizers.

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Chemical Disinfectants

Nelson et al. (1994)

1% sodium hypochlorite

0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate

Caudry et al.

1% Virkon,

Listerine,

Cepacol,

Scope

Plax

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Brush Sprays

Brushtox is a disinfecting or decontaminating solution, consisting of activated ethanol (40%) with biocide parabens

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Ultraviolet Sanitizers

These products eliminate the pathogens by a constant stream of UV light for 3 min.

1. Steam cycle.

2. Dry heat cycle.

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Brush Storage

Open air – upright position, apart from contact with other brushes.

Portable brush containers – with sufficient holes.

At least 6 feet away from the toilet.

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STUDIES

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Sforra N M et al.

J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27 : 212 -216

Impact of progressive wear of toothbrush on plaque control

Each individual is capable of maintaining good oral hygiene with a low plaque index even by using a toothbrush that shows evidence of wear.

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Van Der Werjden et al.

J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 620 – 624

High & low brushing force in relation to plaque removing efficacy & gingival abrasion.

Use of high force is less efficient in plaque removal as compared to low force where as the difference in the incidence of gingival abrasion was negligible when comparing the two forces.

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Guljot Singh et al.

Journal of Indian Society Of Periodontology, 2011 ; 15:210 –214

Compare the efficacy of sonic & ionic toothbrushes

The sonic toothbrush was better than ionic toothbrush but the difference was statistically insignificant.

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Ross J. Bastiaan

J Clin Periodontol 1984:11:331-339

Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of a single & double headed toothbrush

The double headed toothbrush was equally as efficient as a single headed toothbrush in removing dental plaque from the buccal surfaces but significantly more efficient on the lingual surfaces.

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CONCEPT TOOTHBRUSHES

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OHSO TOOTHBRUSH24

Giro Sponge Toothbrush25

Twist & Turn Toothbrush26

Upright Toothbrush27

Four – Headed Toothbrush28

In & Out Toothbrush29

By J M Sook30

Steward Oralcare Toothbrush

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REFERENCES

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Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology, 10th edition

Primary Preventive Dentistry, Norman O Harris, 6th edition

Clinical Practice of The Dental Hygienist; Esther M. Wilkins

History of Periodontology ; Fermin carranza, Vincenzo Guerini

Essentials of preventive & Community Dentistry; Soben Peter

M.F. Timmerman et al. Comparitive analysis of high & low brushing force in relation to efficacy and gingival abrasion. J Clin Periodontol 2004, 31 : 620 – 624

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Ankola AV et al. How clean is your toothbrush ? Int J Dent Hygiene 7, 2009; 237–240

Ross J Bastiaan. Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of a single & a double headed toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol 1984:11:331-339

Guljot Singh et al. Comparison of Sonic & Ionic toothbrush in reductinin plaque & gingivitis. JISP 15 (3) : 210 – 214

Sforra et al. Plaque removal by worn toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27: 212 -216

Van der weijden et al. High & low brushing force in relation to efficacy & gingival abrasion. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31 : 620 – 624

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… FOR THE PATIENCE

THANK YOU …

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