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TITANIUM ALLOYS

 A. INTRODUCTION

1. What is the Titanium?

Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti

and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is astrong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant, transition

metal with a silver color.

2. Uses of the Titanium

Titanium has low specific weight (density) (4.51

g/cm ³), excellent corrosion resistance and high

strength/weight ratio. So; chemical, aerospace,

marine and medical spaces are used. Also; titanium

applications what petrochemical industry and

sport equipment manufacture are used.

Titanium can be alloy some elements which such

as iron, aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum.

Although Titanium is expensive, it used in industry

because, titanium is resistant.

3. Titanium is Expensive, why?

The reason for expensive titanium metal,

compounds the difficulty to obtain in pure form.

Titanium combined oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen,

carbon and iron at high temperature.

4. Some Chemical Properties of Titanium

Has a high affinity with oxygen, titanium is

chemically. Titanium room temperature freshly

prepared surfaces, forms a tight oxide layer is

microscopic. This oxide film of titanium prevents

further chemical reaction.

This titanium, as well as mineral acids, salts, andthe corrosion resistance against oxidizing acid

solutions also describes. Titanium has a tendency

to oxidize rapidly in air when heated above 650°C. 

B. TITANIUM ALLOYS

1. Structure of the Titanium Alloys

Titanium alloys, alpha, beta, alpha-beta titanium

alloys can be divided into 3 groups according to. At

low temperatures the structure of alpha-titanium,

while high temperatures is referred to as beta-

titanium. With the addition of alloying elements

titanium beta-titanium structure of high-

temperature, low-temperature alpha-titanium

structure, conversion rate, and temperature

changes.

Aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, tin, elementssuch as alpha stabilizers and hydrogen, silver, gold,

chromium, iron, vanadium, magnesium,

molybdenum, beta-stabilizing alloying elements

are known as elements such as. Depending on the

titanium alloy elements involved in the

mechanical, physical and chemical properties

change.

2. Examples of the Titanium Alloys

Titanium – Zirconium Alloy: Titanium and

zirconium atomic diameters are very close to

each other. Zirconium slightly affects the

temperature of polymorphic transformation

and modification of titanium looks well.

Containing 8-12% zirconium, titanium alloys,

capable of forging good room temperatures, has

Elongation features, too. Alloys are heat-stable.

Titanium – Tin Alloy: Tin hardens titanium

much more than zirconium. Lower than

aluminum is capable of hardening.

Titanium – Aluminum – Zirconium – Tin

 Alloy: At high temperatures zirconium is more

efficient than room temperature to harden

titanium. Breakage and short-term strength of

zirconium has the highest resistance. Aluminum

also gives good results under these conditions.

Also increases as the amount of zirconium

fragility.

The aircraft industry is the most widely used

titanium alloys and their properties;

99.0% Ti: Used in a wide range of walls of the

combustion, compressor coatings exhaustcoatings, body partition walls at plane.

Ti – 5 Al – 2.5 Sn Alfa Typing Alloy: It runs up

to 480°C at plate connections, and other forged

components of aircraft exhaust. It is used

widely at rocket fuel tanks, aircraft gas turbine

compressors, welded joints and hollow

compressor stator fins.

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C. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

1. What is the Shape Memory Alloys?

Shape memory alloys have the ability to rotate the

actual shape and size. They are easily deformed at

low temperature in martensitic phase. They are

return to the original shape at high temperature in

austenitic phase. 

2. History of the Shape Memory Alloys

The first reported steps towards the discovery of

the shape-memory effect were taken in the 1930s.

Nickel-titanium alloy discovered at 1962.

3. Types of the Shape Memory Alloys

Nickel-Titanium Alloys: Nickel-Titanium

alloys have an excellent corrosion resistance. In

addition, nickel-titanium alloys have a high

ductility. Nickel-Titanium alloys binary alloy

system and they are co-atoms intermetallic

compound. The intermetallic compound can

solve a lot of nickel and titanium. Thus, other

elements can participate in this compound.

4. Uses of the Nickel – Titanium Alloys

Nickel-Titanium alloys are highly resistant to

corrosion. So we used in biomedical applications.

Nickel-Titanium alloys have super-elastic

properties. For example, spectacle frames. Doctors

give or take liquid in vessels and body cavity with

catheters. In addition, braces made from it.

WORDS:

Corrosion-resistant: Korozyon dayanıklılığı 

Stabilizer: Stabilizatör 

Polymorphic-transformation: Polimorfik

dönüşüm 

Heat-stable:  Isıya dayanıklı 

Hardening: Sertleşme 

Breakage: Kırılma 

Fragility: Kırılganlık 

Cementation:  Sementasyon, tavlama

Martensitic phase: Martensitik faz

 Austenitic phase: Östenitik faz 

NITINOL: Nikel-Titanyum alaşımı (Nikel-

Titanyum Naval Ordnance Laboratuvarı) 

Ductility: Süneklik, yumuşaklık 

Intermetallic compound: İntermetalik bileşik 

    T    I    T    A    N    I    U    M

     A    L    L    O    Y    S